ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE ENGINEERING &

LOGISTIC
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Task 1- Environmental Sustainable Construction and Logistic sources....................................3

Part A.........................................................................................................................................3

i) Environmental issues in the construction industry.............................................................3

Economic issues in the construction industry........................................................................4

Historic issues in the “construction industry”........................................................................6

Cultural issues in the construction industry...........................................................................7

ii) Explain renewable energy..................................................................................................8

Part B..........................................................................................................................................8

i) “Supply chain management & procurement of material resources”...................................8

ii) Principle of health & Safety factors:.................................................................................9

Part C........................................................................................................................................11

i) Necessity of passive or active system...............................................................................11

2
Task 1- Environmental Sustainable Construction and Logistic sources

Part A

i) Environmental issues in the construction industry

In the construction industry has many major environmental issues. In the construction

industry that belief for particulate various kinds of issues.

1. Air Pollution: Construction sites often release a large number of air pollutants such as dust

and “volatile organic compounds” (VOCs) which can have a negative effect on both human

health and the environment. This construction industry can include land clearing operations

risk for burning the construction industry.

2. Water Pollution: Construction activities such as land clearing, excavation, and disposal

of materials can produce run-off and pollute water sources. In the construction industry,

water pollution can occur for involved the pollutants for a site that are running off the

surrounding water.

3. Land Degradation: Construction activities can cause soil erosion, deforestation, and other

forms of land degradation.

4. Resource Consumption: Construction sites often require large amounts of energy, water,

and other resources, which can lead to waste and pollution.

5. Waste: Construction sites often produce a large amount of waste, including plastic, metal,

wood, and concrete.

6. Noise Pollution: Construction activities can produce loud noises, which can have a

negative impact on both human health and the environment. For the place of construction

noisy place is not acceptable, it is thanks to the large use of plants. The use of heavy vehicles

and machinery, is a great problem for the construction industry.

3
7. Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Construction sites can also produce a large amount of

greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change.

Result of various issues in the enviroment in the construction industry

1. Follow regulations and standards: Construction companies should comply with

environmental regulations and standards and update them regularly.

2. Minimize waste: Construction sites should minimize waste by using materials efficiently

and recycling/reusing materials whenever possible.

3. Use green materials: Construction companies should use green materials, such as bricks

made of post-consumer waste, recycled steel, and bamboo, to reduce environmental impacts.

4. Monitor emissions: Companies should monitor emissions from vehicles, equipment, and

other sources to ensure compliance with regulations.

5. Reduce water usage: Construction companies should reduce water usage by using water-

saving fixtures, stormwater retention systems, and other methods.

6. Conserve energy: Construction sites should use energy-efficient lighting, insulation, and

other materials to reduce energy consumption.

7. Promote green transportation: Companies should promote green transportation, such as

bike-sharing programs, to reduce emissions from vehicles.

8. Educate workers: Companies should educate workers about environmental regulations

and green practices, such as the proper disposal of hazardous waste.

Economic issues in the construction industry

1. Rising costs of materials: The cost of materials, labor, and equipment used in

construction has been rising. The cost of construction materials has risen significantly in

recent years, making it more difficult for companies to compete.

4
2. Labor shortages: The main issues of construction industry is shortage of labor. For

shortage of skilled labor in the construction industry they are going for the costs. It will be

main challenge for any companies for retain the skilled workers.

3. Impacts of technology: The emergence of new technologies such as 3D printing,

robotics, and artificial intelligence has changed the way construction projects are planned and

executed, which can lead to higher costs and delays. The construction industry is slowly

adapting to new technologies and this can add additional costs to construction projects.

4. Increasing regulations: Governments are increasingly enforcing regulations on safety,

environmental protection, and other matters, which can add costs and create delays in

construction projects. Regulations on the environment and sustainability can add additional

costs for construction projects.

5. Unpredictable demand: The construction industry is subject to unpredictable demand

from the public and private sectors, which can lead to swings in revenues and profits. Rising

competition has driven down prices and profitability.

6. Financing: Financing construction projects can be difficult, as banks are often reluctant to

lend large amounts of money to construction companies.

7. Economic Conditions: Economic conditions, such as recession and inflation, can have a

major impact on the construction industry.

Result of various issues in the economy in the construction industry

1. Improve Risk Management: Risk management is an important aspect of the construction

industry and should be improved to reduce economic issues. Risk management should

include risk identification, analysis, and mitigation. This will help reduce the number of

unexpected costs and ensure that projects are completed on time and within budget.

5
2. Encourage Collaboration: Collaboration between stakeholders is essential for successful

project completion. By encouraging collaboration, parties can work together to resolve

economic issues quickly and effectively.

3. Use Technology: Technology can help streamline processes and reduce costs associated

with certain tasks. By using technology, teams can complete tasks faster and more efficiently,

reducing the need for manual labor and reducing the total cost of a project.

4. Improve Cost Estimation: Poor cost estimation can lead to economic issues, as there may

be hidden or additional costs that are not accounted for. To reduce this risk, cost estimation

should be improved to ensure all costs are accounted for and that projects are completed

within budget.

5. Implement Safety Measures: Safety measures should be implemented to reduce the risk

of accidents and injuries on construction sites. This will reduce the risk of costly legal fees

and ensure that projects are completed safely and efficiently.

6. Increase Investment in Infrastructure: Governments should increase investment in

roads, bridges, and other infrastructure projects to help stimulate the construction industry.

This will create jobs and help boost the economy.

7. Enforce Prevailing Wage Laws: Governments should enforce prevailing wage laws,

which ensure that workers are paid an adequate wage. This will help to reduce competition

among contractors and create a more stable and prosperous construction industry.

8. Reduce Regulatory Burden: Governments should reduce the regulatory burden on

construction companies, making it easier and less costly for them to do business. This will

help increase competition and spur economic growth.

9. Utilize Public-Private Partnerships: Governments should utilize public-private

partnerships to help fund and manage construction projects. This will help to cutoff the costs

and it is need for effective use of various kinds of resources.

6
10. Invest in Training and Education: Governments should invest in training and education

for construction workers to help them develop the skills needed to work in the industry. This

will help ensure that the industry has a qualified workforce.

11. Increase Access to Financing: Governments should increase access to financing for

construction companies. This will help to reduce costs and make it easier for companies to

expand and grow.

Historic issues in the “construction industry”

The historic issues in the construction industry include inadequate safety regulations, lack of

training and safety protocols, poor quality of materials, and lack of accountability for

contractors. Other issues include competition from foreign contractors, labor shortages, and

environmental concerns such as air pollution from construction sites and the destruction of

green space. In addition, construction projects often experience delays and cost overruns due

to issues such as changes in regulations, procurement difficulties, and labor strikes. Those

include in below:

1. Poor safety standards and practices- Despite advances in safety regulations and

technology, construction remains one of the most dangerous industries in the world. Many

workers are injured or killed due to unsafe working conditions, lack of training, and lack of

safety equipment.

2. Lack of training- Many construction workers lack the necessary skills and knowledge to

safely complete their jobs. This can lead to costly mistakes, delays, and even injury or death.

3. Delays and cost overruns- Construction projects are often plagued by delays and cost

overruns due to a number of factors, such as bad weather, material shortages, poor planning,

and inadequate resources.

7
4. Poor quality control- Poor quality work can lead to costly repairs and delays. Poor quality

control can also lead to serious safety hazards and costly litigation.

5. Poor communication- Poor communication between the contractor, subcontractors, and

the client can lead to costly delays, mistakes, and misunderstandings.

6. Lack of labor productivity- Poor labor productivity can be caused by a number of factors,

including “lack of training”, “lack of motivation”, and “inadequate resources”.

Result of various issues in the historic construction industry

1. Improve communication between owners, contractors, and subcontractors: Poor

communication leads to delays, cost overruns, and disputes. Establish a system of regular

communication between all stakeholders to ensure that everyone is on the same page.

2. Incorporate quality control and assurance practices: Quality control and assurance are

necessary to ensure that projects are completed to the highest standards.

3. Increase the use of technology: The use of technology, such as “Building Information

Modeling” or “BIM” that can help improve accuracy and efficiency.

4. Improve safety protocols and training: Safety protocols should be put in place and

regularly reviewed to ensure the safety of workers and the public.

5. Streamline the payment process: Streamline the payment process by setting up a system

that allows for timely payments and reduces the paperwork and bureaucracy involved.

6. Establish clear and enforceable contracts: Contracts should be clear and enforceable to

reduce the chances of disputes.

7. Invest in training and development: Invest in training and development to ensure that

employees are up to date on best practices and industry standards.

8
Cultural issues in the construction industry

1. Language Barriers: “Language barriers” can be a major cultural issue in the construction

industry. For example, if a construction team is working on a project in a foreign country,

language barriers can cause communication issues between workers and supervisors,

resulting in delays or safety problems.

2. “Gender Inequality”: “Gender inequality” can be a major issue in the construction

industry. Women are often under-represented in the construction workforce, and there may be

a lack of resources and support for female workers.

3. “Age Discrimination”: “Age discrimination” can be an issue in the construction industry,

as workers over a certain age may be overlooked for certain positions or not be given the

same opportunities as younger workers (Agyabeng-Mensah, et al, 2020).

4. “Lack of Diversity”: Construction companies may not prioritize diversity in their hiring

practices, resulting in a lack of representation among certain ethnic and racial backgrounds.

This can lead to a lack of understanding and appreciation of different cultural backgrounds,

as well as an overall lack of inclusion (Ansari, et al, 2020).

5. “Poor Working Conditions”: “Working conditions” can be another cultural issue in the

construction industry. Poor working conditions, such as long hours, hazardous environments,

and inadequate safety measures, can lead to health issues, fatigue, and other negative

outcomes for construction workers (Bag, et al, 2020).

ii) Explain renewable energy

1. Solar Energy: Solar energy is a renewable energy to source that is becoming

increasingly popular due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. For changed to solar

energy into “electricity”, either directly using “photovoltaic panels”, or indirectly using

“concentrated solar power”. It is a clean, renewable source of energy that is available

9
 almost everywhere (Evangelista, et al, 2018). Solar energy is a great choice for this

project because it is clean, efficient, and cost-effective.

Solar Energy

Using
Geothermal
Energy renewabl Wind Energy

e energy

Hydropower

Figure 1: Source of renewable energy

(Source: Self-created)

2. Wind Energy: Wind Energy is a renewable energy source that is produced when the wind

turns the blades of a turbine (Dzwigol, et al, 2021). It is one of the most abundant sources of

energy and is also clean, renewable, and cost-effective. It is a great choice for this project

because it is clean, efficient, and does not have any associated emissions.

3. Hydropower: Hydropower is a renewable energy source that is produced when flowing

water is used to turn a turbine. It is a great choice for this project because it is clean, efficient,

and does not require the burning of fossil fuels (Benotmane, et al, 2018).

4. Geothermal Energy: Geothermal energy is a renewable energy source that is produced

when the Earth’s natural heat is harnessed to generate electricity (Goswami, et al, 2020). It is

a great choice for this project because it is clean, efficient, and does not require the burning of

fossil fuels (Gatta, et al, 2018).

10
Part B

i) “Supply chain management & procurement of material resources”

“Supply chain management” is an important part of the project, as it helps to streamline the

procurement and distribution of materials and resources to ensure the project is completed on

time and on budget (Han, et al, 2021). The supply chain management process starts with the

identification of the necessary materials and resources needed to complete the project (Junge,

(2019)). Once identified, a procurement process needs to be implemented to source the

materials and resources from reliable suppliers, negotiate prices and delivery times, and

ensure quality control (Jayasinghe, et al, 2019). Once the materials and resources have been

procured, a distribution plan needs to be put in place to ensure the materials and resources are

delivered to the project site on time. Finally, the project manager needs to supervise the

“supply chain” to ensure the materials and resources are used efficiently and effectively

(Khan, et al, 2021). “Supply chain management” and procurement of material resources for

this project involve the following steps:

demand
establishing

Inventory Procurement
Management Source

Assurance of
Logistics
quality

11
 Figure 2: Supply chain and Procurement

(Source: Self-created)

1. Establishing the demand: The project manager should determine the types of materials

required to complete the project. This includes determining the quantity, quality, and price of

the materials needed.

2. Sourcing and Procurement: The project manager should source and procure materials

from reliable and cost-effective vendors (Khan, et al, 2020). This includes negotiating the

best terms and conditions with the suppliers, researching the market for the best deals, and

ensuring that the materials are of the highest quality.

3. Logistics: Once the materials are sourced and procured, the project manager should ensure

that the materials are delivered to the project location in a timely and cost-effective manner.

This includes arranging for storage, transportation, and delivery of the materials.

4. Quality Assurance: The project manager should ensure that the materials meet the

required quality standards and specifications. This includes testing and inspecting the

materials, as well as implementing quality control measures.

5. Inventory Management: The project manager should ensure that the right amount of

materials are available at the right time. This includes determining the optimal inventory

levels, forecasting demand, and tracking the inventory.

12
ii) Principle of health & Safety factors:

Risk Assesment

Personal Protective Equipment

Training

Maintenance

Enviromental Protection

Electrical Safety

Ergonomics

Fire Safety

Chemical Safety

Figure 3: Health and Safety Factor

(Source: Self - Created)
1. Risk Assessment: It is important to identify any potential risks associated with the

production of any construction project that process and develop a plan to reduce or eliminate

them. This includes identifying any potential hazards and assessing the likelihood and

severity of any potential accidents or incidents that could occur.

2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): It is essential to provide workers with the

appropriate protective equipment when carrying out the production of any construction

process. This includes items such as “safety glasses”, “hearing protection”, “hard hats”,

“safety boots”, etc.

3. Training: All workers must receive appropriate training to ensure they are fully aware of

the risks associated with the construction process and how to control them.

4. Maintenance: Regular maintenance of equipment is essential to ensure it is running safely

and efficiently. This includes checking for any potential faults or wear and tear, and

conducting regular tests to ensure the equipment is functioning correctly.

13
5. Environmental Protection: It is important to ensure that production processes do not

cause any environmental damage. This includes controlling noise, emissions, and waste.

Appropriate measures should be taken to reduce any potential harm.

6. Electrical safety: Electrical safety is a critical factor to consider in any project of the

construction environment. Electrical hazards can cause fires, electric shocks, and other

potentially deadly accidents. Risks associated with this factor include electrical shock, burn

injuries, and even death.

7. Ergonomics: Ergonomics is the science of designing and arranging workplaces to reduce

the physical strain on employees. Poor ergonomics can lead to fatigue, musculoskeletal

disorders, and workplace injuries. Risks associated with this factor include musculoskeletal

disorders, workplace injuries, and longer-term health issues.

8. Fire safety: Fire safety is an important factor to consider in any production environment.

Inadequate fire safety can lead to fire and smoke damage, destruction of property, and even

death. The risk associated with this factor includes fire damage, smoke inhalation, and death.

9. Chemical safety: Chemical safety is a crucial factor to consider in any production

environment. Inadequate chemical safety can lead to chemical exposure, chemical burns, and

other health issues. Risks associated with this factor include chemical exposure, chemical

burns, and other health issues.

Result of various issues in the cultural construction industry

To establish a clear understanding of cultural diversity. Make sure all team members

understand the different cultural backgrounds and perspectives of the individuals working

together. To encourage open communication among team members. Make sure all team

members feel comfortable communicating their thoughts and opinions. To establish a policy

of respect for cultural differences. Set clear expectations for how team members should treat

each other, regardless of their cultural background. To encourage team members to celebrate

14
each other’s cultural differences. Celebrating different cultures can help build team morale

and foster a better understanding of one another. To promote diversity and inclusion in the

workplace. Ensure that hiring practices reflect cultural diversity and include individuals from

different backgrounds. Create an environment of trust to create the team member's need to

feel that their opinions and ideas are valued, regardless of their cultural background.

Implementing training programs for training programs can help team members build an

understanding of different cultures and how to work together effectively (Ren, et al, 2020).

To encourage constructive criticism to allow team members to give constructive criticism to

one another in a respectful manner. To promote problem-solving to encourage team

members to work together to find solutions to any cultural issues that arise.

Part C

i) Necessity of passive or active system

The positivity for passive and involvement for a passive or active system for a construction

project is essential for the design stage to ensure that construction is compliant with

environmental regulations, as well as to ensure its sustainability (Yu, et al, 2018). Passive

systems are strategies that rely on natural processes to reduce the environmental impact of a

construction project, such as using natural ventilation and daylighting to reduce energy

consumption (Stojčić, et al, 2019). Active systems are more sophisticated and involve the use

of technology to further reduce environmental impacts, such as using renewable energy

sources and energy-efficient building materials. The implementation of passive or active

systems at the design stage of a construction project could have a positive impact on the

environment. “Passive systems”, such as “natural ventilation and daylighting”, could reduce

15
energy consumption, while active systems, such as “renewable energy sources” and “energy-

efficient building materials”, could reduce emissions and conserve resources. Additionally,

these systems could help to create a healthier and more comfortable environment for

occupants. Ultimately, the implementation of passive or active systems at the design stage of

a construction project is essential for ensuring that the project is compliant with

environmental regulations, as well as to ensure its sustainability. The use of these systems

could have a good impact on the environment that help to make for effective and more

comfortable environment for occupants.

16
Reference List

Journals

Agyabeng-Mensah, Y., Afum, E. and Ahenkorah, E., 2020. Exploring financial performance

and green logistics management practices: examining the mediating influences of market,

environmental and social performances. Journal of cleaner production, 258, p.120613.

Ansari, Z.N., Kant, R. and Shankar, R., 2020. Evaluation and ranking of solutions to mitigate

sustainable remanufacturing supply chain risks: a hybrid fuzzy SWARA-fuzzy COPRAS

framework approach. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 13(6), pp.473-494.

Bag, S., Gupta, S. and Luo, Z., 2020. Examining the role of logistics 4.0 enabled dynamic

capabilities on firm performance. The International Journal of Logistics Management.

Benotmane, Z., Belalem, G. and Neki, A., 2018. A Cost Measurement System of Logistics

Process. International Journal of Information Engineering & Electronic Business, 10(5).

Dzwigol, H., Trushkina, N., Kvilinskyi, O.S. and Kvilinskyi, O.S., 2021. The organizational

and economic mechanism of implementing the concept of green logistics.

Evangelista, P., Santoro, L. and Thomas, A., 2018. Environmental sustainability in third-

party logistics service providers: A systematic literature review from 2000–

2016. Sustainability, 10(5), p.1627.

Gatta, V., Marcucci, E., Nigro, M., Patella, S.M. and Serafini, S., 2018. Public transport-

based crowdshipping for sustainable city logistics: Assessing economic and environmental

impacts. Sustainability, 11(1), p.145

Goswami, M., De, A., Habibi, M.K.K. and Daultani, Y., 2020. Examining freight

performance of third-party logistics providers within the automotive industry in India: An

environmental sustainability perspective. International Journal of Production

Research, 58(24), pp.7565-7592.

17
Han, J.W., Zuo, M., Zhu, W.Y., Zuo, J.H., Lü, E.L. and Yang, X.T., 2021. A comprehensive

review of cold chain logistics for fresh agricultural products: Current status, challenges, and

future trends. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 109, pp.536-551.

Jayasinghe, R.S., Chileshe, N. and Rameezdeen, R., 2019. Information-based quality

management in reverse logistics supply chain: A systematic literature review. Benchmarking:

An International Journal.

Junge, A.L., 2019. Digital transformation technologies as an enabler for sustainable logistics

and supply chain processes–an exploratory framework. Brazilian Journal of Operations &

Production Management, 16(3), pp.462-472.

Khan, S.A.R., Razzaq, A., Yu, Z. and Miller, S., 2021. Industry 4.0 and circular economy

practices: A new era business strategies for environmental sustainability. Business Strategy

and the Environment, 30(8), pp.4001-4014.

Khan, S.A.R., Zhang, Y., Kumar, A., Zavadskas, E. and Streimikiene, D., 2020. Measuring

the impact of renewable energy, public health expenditure, logistics, and environmental

performance on sustainable economic growth. Sustainable development, 28(4), pp.833-843.

Martins, V.W., Anholon, R., Quelhas, O.L. and Leal Filho, W., 2019. Sustainable practices in

logistics systems: An overview of companies in Brazil. Sustainability, 11(15), p.4140.

Mishenin, Y., Koblianska, I., Medvid, V. and Maistrenko, Y., 2018. Sustainable regional

development policy formation: role of industrial ecology and logistics. Entrepreneurship and

Sustainability Issues, 6(1), pp.329-341.

Ren, R., Hu, W., Dong, J., Sun, B., Chen, Y. and Chen, Z., 2020. A systematic literature

review of green and sustainable logistics: bibliometric analysis, research trend and knowledge

taxonomy. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(1), p.261.

18
Stojčić, M., Zavadskas, E.K., Pamučar, D., Stević, Ž. and Mardani, A., 2019. Application of

MCDM methods in sustainability engineering: A literature review 2008–

2018. Symmetry, 11(3), p.350.

Yu, Z., Golpîra, H. and Khan, S.A.R., 2018. The relationship between green supply chain

performance, energy demand, economic growth and environmental sustainability: An

empirical evidence from developed countries. LogForum, 14(4).

19
Appendices

Appendix 1: Environmental issues for construction industry

Air pollution

Water Pollution

Land Degradation

Resource Consumption

(Source: self-Created)

20
Appendix 2: Economic Issues

Rising costs of
materials

Labor
Financing
shortages

Unpredictable Impacts of
demand rtechnology

Increasing
regulations

(Source: Self-created)

21