Professional Documents
Culture Documents
mountains
to show the location of the Tatra Mountains and their highest peaks on the map;
to describe the main features of the landscape of high mountains;
to discuss climatic phenomena occurring in high mountains.
In southern Poland, there is the only fragment of high mountains in our territory – the Tatra
Mountains. They are the highest mountain range in the Carpathian Mountains. A larger part
of these mountains with the highest peak (Gerlach, 2655 metres above mean sea level) is
situated in the neighbouring Slovakia. One of the summits of the Rysy mountain is the
highest point in Poland with an altitude of 2499 metres above mean sea level.
The landscape of the Tatras differs from the landscape of medium‐height mountains that we
are already familiar with. In high mountains, there are deep valleys, some of them have
a characteristic U‐shape. The Tatra slopes are steep. In the lower part, they are often
covered by broken rock fragments which in these mountains are called scree. Scree
consists of rock fragments which ascend downwards in couloirs - steep gullies in the
mountainside. Between some peaks, there are rocky ridges called arêtes. Similar forms can
be encountered in the Alps, and this is why both the Tatras and other high mountains with
similar terrain characteristics are called alpine mountains.
The highest parts of the Tatra Mountains, called the High Tatras are mainly made of
granite‐like rocks. The lower parts are dominated by metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
In the Western Tatras, where limestones and dolomites occur, various karstic phenomena
are clearly visible, including the largest caves in Poland.
Warning!
To enjoy hiking trips in the Tatras, you need to be fit and you must be able to move
carefully. Hikers are not allowed to stray from designated routes there, as it can be
extremely dangerous.
The Tatra Mountains have the lowest mean annual air temperature in Poland, the highest
rainfall and strong winds. A special type of wind is halny - foehn wind. Due to the
phenomena that take place in these masses of air, when it snows or rains on the Slovakian
side of the Tatras, a turbulent, warm and dry wind blows on the Polish side.
A diagram showing how the halny wind (a Foehn-like wind) is created
Source: Andrzej Bogusz, licencja: CC BY 3.0.
Warning!
The foehn wind (halny) can be dangerous: it quickly destroys the snow cover and
sometimes even blows away roofs from houses. When halny blows many people find it
difficult to fall asleep or have problems with their blood pressure.
Exercise 1
(wiatr halny) --- polska nazwa gwałtownego, porywistego, ciepłego i suchego wiatru wiejącego
w kierunku dolin u podnóży gór; w Polsce szczególnie silny u podnóża Tatr, długa, wąska,
wklęsła forma na stromym stoku ukształtowana przez płynącą wodę i zsuwające się lawiny
kamienne, zwykle ostry i skalisty grzbiet z wyraźną krawędzią, na której zbiegają się strome
stoki, góry o wysokościach bezwzględnych przekraczających 1500 m n.p.m., zwykle o stromych
stokach i ostro zakończonych szczytach, w górnych par ach pozbawione roślinności, używana
w Tatrach nazwa skalnego rumowiska na stoku stromej góry i u jej podnóża
arête
high mountains
halny
scree
couloir
Summary
The Tatras are the only high mountains in Poland; their larger part is located in Slovakia.
In the Tatras, you can see typical forms of a high‐mountain landscape, such as scree,
gullies and arêtes.
The Tatra National Park has been established to ensure protection for nature that can
be found nowhere else.
Keywords
Glossary
arête
grań – zwykle ostry i skalisty grzbiet z wyraźną krawędzią, na której zbiegają się strome
stoki
high mountains
halny
scree
piarg – używana w Tatrach nazwa skalnego rumowiska na stoku stromej góry i u jej
podnóża
couloir
Adresat
Podstawa programowa
Klasa V (geografia)
II. Krajobrazy Polski: wysokogórski (Tatry), wyżynny (Wyżyna Krakowsko‐Częstochowska),
nizinny (Nizina Mazowiecka), pojezierny (Pojezierze Mazurskie), nadmorski (Pobrzeże
Słowińskie), wielkomiejski (Warszawa), miejsko‐przemysłowy (Wyżyna Śląska), rolniczy
(Wyżyna Lubelska). Uczeń:
Kompetencje kluczowe
Kryteria sukcesu
Uczeń nauczy się:
Metody/techniki kształcenia
podające
pogadanka.
aktywizujące
dyskusja.
eksponujące
pokaz.
programowane
z użyciem komputera;
z użyciem e‐podręcznika.
praktyczne
ćwiczeń przedmiotowych.
Formy pracy
praca indywidualna;
praca w parach;
praca w grupach;
praca całego zespołu klasowego.
Środki dydaktyczne
e‐podręcznik;
zeszyt i kredki lub pisaki;
tablica interaktywna, tablety/komputery;
kontur mapy Polski z poprzedniej lekcji, mazaki, klej, taśma, nożyczki, kartki.
Przebieg lekcji
Przed lekcją
Faza wstępna
Prowadzący lekcję określa cel zajęć i wspólnie z uczniami ustala kryteria sukcesu.
Faza realizacyjna
Faza podsumowująca
Nauczyciel prosi chętnego ucznia o podsumowanie lekcji z jego punktu widzenia. Pyta
pozostałych uczniów, czy chcieliby coś dodać do wypowiedzi kolegi na temat wiedzy
i umiejętności opanowanych na lekcji.
Nauczyciel ocenia aktywność i zaangażowanie uczniów.
Praca domowa
Pojęcia
arête
grań – zwykle ostry i skalisty grzbiet z wyraźną krawędzią, na której zbiegają się strome
stoki
high mountains
Nagranie dostępne na portalu epodreczniki.pl
halny
scree
piarg – używana w Tatrach nazwa skalnego rumowiska na stoku stromej góry i u jej
podnóża
couloir
żleb – długa, wąska, wklęsła forma na stromym stoku ukształtowana przez płynącą wodę
i zsuwające się lawiny kamienne
Teksty i nagrania
In southern Poland, there is the only fragment of high mountains in our territory – the Tatra
Mountains. They are the highest mountain range in the Carpathian Mountains. A larger part
of these mountains with the highest peak (Gerlach, 2655 metres above mean sea level) is
situated in the neighbouring Slovakia. One of the summits of the Rysy mountain is the
highest point in Poland with an altitude of 2499 metres above mean sea level.
The landscape of the Tatras differs from the landscape of medium‐height mountains that we
are already familiar with. In high mountains, there are deep valleys, some of them have
a characteristic U‐shape. The Tatra slopes are steep. In the lower part, they are often
covered by broken rock fragments which in these mountains are called scree. Scree
consists of rock fragments which ascend downwards in couloirs - steep gullies in the
mountainside. Between some peaks, there are rocky ridges called arêtes. Similar forms can
be encountered in the Alps, and this is why both the Tatras and other high mountains with
similar terrain characteristics are called alpine mountains.
The highest parts of the Tatra Mountains, called the High Tatras are mainly made of
granite‐like rocks. The lower parts are dominated by metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
In the Western Tatras, where limestones and dolomites occur, various karstic phenomena
are clearly visible, including the largest caves in Poland.
The Tatra Mountains have the lowest mean annual air temperature in Poland, the highest
rainfall and strong winds. A special type of wind is halny - foehn wind. Due to the
phenomena that take place in these masses of air, when it snows or rains on the Slovakian
side of the Tatras, a turbulent, warm and dry wind blows on the Polish side.
In the Tatra Mountains, there are many plants and animals that are not found anywhere else
in Poland. In order to limit human activity and its impact on nature, the whole area of the
Tatras is protected as the Tatra National Park.
Today, human activity in the Tatras takes into account environmental protection and
tourism related objectives. There are no industrial plants here, tree felling was stopped and
former logging sites have been reforested as much as possible. The number of sheep grazing
in the valleys and in the mountain pastures is limited. Mountain animals are protected.
Cable cars, ski‐lifts, ski slopes and ski jumping hills have been left in their original locations
and have not been expanded to new areas.
The Tatras are the only high mountains in Poland; their larger part is located in Slovakia.
In the Tatras, you can see typical forms of a high‐mountain landscape, such as scree,
gullies and arêtes.
The Tatra National Park has been established to ensure protection for nature that can
be found nowhere else.
Lesson plan (English)
Supplementary material for use in lessons in the group of natural sciences (nature, biology,
chemistry, geography, physics), additional classes, science clubs. It can serve as a resource
for expanding knowledge, preparing students for science competitions.
Target group
Core Curriculum
Grade V (geography)
II. Landscapes of Poland: alpine (Tatra Mountains), uplands (Kraków‐Częstochowa Upland),
lowlands (Masovian Lowland), lake (Masurian Lake District), seaside (Slovincian Coast),
metropolitan (Warsaw), urban‐industrial (Silesian Upland), agricultural (Lublin Upland).
Pupil:
Key competences
indicate on the map the Tatra Mountains and their highest peaks;
describe the main features of the high mountains landscape;
discuss the climatic phenomena found in the high mountains.
Methods/techniques
expository
talk.
activating
discussion.
exposing
exposition.
programmed
with computer;
with e‐textbook.
practical
exercices concerned.
Forms of work
individual activity;
activity in pairs;
activity in groups;
collective activity.
Teaching aids
e‐textbook;
notebook and crayons/felt‐tip pens;
interactive whiteboard, tablets/computers;
outline of the map of Poland from the previous lesson, markers, glue, tape, scissors,
cards.
Before classes
Before the lesson, the teacher asks students to look in colorful magazines, the Internet
and their own collections of pictures about high mountains. One of them must concern
a city lying at the foot of high mountains..
Introduction
The teacher explains the aim of the lesson and together with students determines the
success criteria to be achieved.
Realization
The teacher displays the students' ranking of the players (group and teacher symbols)
after subsequent competitions concerning the geographical areas.
Each group receives the work of other teams from the previous lesson. The groups
recognize and record what the pictures / illustrations of the indicated geographical
region show. The card marked with the symbol selected earlier is given to the teacher
who will compare it with the authors' answers.
Students describe the location of the Tatra Mountains.
The teacher asks students to read the abstract themselves, paying particular attention
to the illustrations.
Teams receive their projects. Students mark the areas of high mountains and make
a collage of photos.
The teacher presents and discusses the interactive illustration. He then divides the
students into groups and recommends that each of them carry out an in‐depth analysis
of one of the points presented in the diagram, based on available sources of information
(e.g. internet, atlas or encyclopedia). Students present the results of work in groups.
Each team ends their presentation with the wording of the conclusions.
The teacher asks students to carry out the recommended interactive exercise
themselves.
Summary
The teacher asks a willing student to summarize the lesson from his point of view. He
asks other students if they would like to add anything to their colleague's statements.
The teacher assesses the activity and involvement of students.
Homework
Develop a lap book containing issues learned during the lesson and bring your work to
the next class.
Listen to the abstract recording at home. Pay attention to pronunciation, accent and
intonation. Learn to pronounce the words learned during the lesson.
Terms
arête
grań – zwykle ostry i skalisty grzbiet z wyraźną krawędzią, na której zbiegają się strome
stoki
high mountains
halny
scree
piarg – używana w Tatrach nazwa skalnego rumowiska na stoku stromej góry i u jej
podnóża
couloir
żleb – długa, wąska, wklęsła forma na stromym stoku ukształtowana przez płynącą wodę
i zsuwające się lawiny kamienne
In southern Poland, there is the only fragment of high mountains in our territory – the Tatra
Mountains. They are the highest mountain range in the Carpathian Mountains. A larger part
of these mountains with the highest peak (Gerlach, 2655 metres above mean sea level) is
situated in the neighbouring Slovakia. One of the summits of the Rysy mountain is the
highest point in Poland with an altitude of 2499 metres above mean sea level.
The landscape of the Tatras differs from the landscape of medium‐height mountains that we
are already familiar with. In high mountains, there are deep valleys, some of them have
a characteristic U‐shape. The Tatra slopes are steep. In the lower part, they are often
covered by broken rock fragments which in these mountains are called scree. Scree
consists of rock fragments which ascend downwards in couloirs - steep gullies in the
mountainside. Between some peaks, there are rocky ridges called arêtes. Similar forms can
be encountered in the Alps, and this is why both the Tatras and other high mountains with
similar terrain characteristics are called alpine mountains.
The highest parts of the Tatra Mountains, called the High Tatras are mainly made of
granite‐like rocks. The lower parts are dominated by metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
In the Western Tatras, where limestones and dolomites occur, various karstic phenomena
are clearly visible, including the largest caves in Poland.
The Tatra Mountains have the lowest mean annual air temperature in Poland, the highest
rainfall and strong winds. A special type of wind is halny - foehn wind. Due to the
phenomena that take place in these masses of air, when it snows or rains on the Slovakian
side of the Tatras, a turbulent, warm and dry wind blows on the Polish side.
In the Tatra Mountains, there are many plants and animals that are not found anywhere else
in Poland. In order to limit human activity and its impact on nature, the whole area of the
Tatras is protected as the Tatra National Park.
Today, human activity in the Tatras takes into account environmental protection and
tourism related objectives. There are no industrial plants here, tree felling was stopped and
former logging sites have been reforested as much as possible. The number of sheep grazing
in the valleys and in the mountain pastures is limited. Mountain animals are protected.
Cable cars, ski‐lifts, ski slopes and ski jumping hills have been left in their original locations
and have not been expanded to new areas.
The Tatras are the only high mountains in Poland; their larger part is located in Slovakia.
In the Tatras, you can see typical forms of a high‐mountain landscape, such as scree,
gullies and arêtes.
The Tatra National Park has been established to ensure protection for nature that can
be found nowhere else.