HISTORY OF COFFEE

HISTORY

• The history of coffee can be traced to at least as early as the 6th century,
when it appeared in the highland of Ethiopia (known before as Kingdom of
Kaffa).
• (CIRCA A.D. 800) Goats will eat anything. Discovery of coffee was credited
to Kaldi the Legendary Ethiopian goatherd. Kaldi notice his herd dancing
from one coffee shrub to another, grazing on the cherry-red berries
containing the beans. He copped a few for himself and soon frolicking with
his flock. He was energized and pleased with the effects that cherries had
on him. He told his friends and soon word spread throughout the region.
The rest is history.
• Witnessing Kaldi’s goatly gambol, a monk plucked berries for his brothers.
That night they were uncannily alert to divine inspiration.
• History tells us also that other African at the era fueled up on protein-rich-
coffee-and-animal-fat-balls-primitive Power Bars-and unwound with wine
made from coffee-berry pulp.

EARLY HISTORY
It is difficult to pinpoint when coffee was discovered. At first, either ripe or
unripe parts of the coffee cherry might have been used as a medicine, an
alcoholic beverage or hot flavoured drink. People in Arab countries have been
consuming coffee for almost 1000years. Long before coffee was being prepared
as hot drink, people were chewing the fleshy, red cherries of the coffee plant as
stimulant. The ripe coffee cherry is very sweet, is similar in flavour to the lychee
and contains 1 percent of caffeine.
Sometime during the 15th century in Yemen people began to drink a
beverage called “qishr”. It was made from the flesh of the coffee bean, not from
the bean itself. The husk might also have been boiled along with the beans to
make a flavored drink, called “qahwa”. Another variation of the drink was made
using the husks after they had been lightly roasted in earthenware dishes.

HISTORY OF COFFEE

• 6TH Century
• Eastern Africa
• Ethiopia
• Region: Kingdom of Kaffa
• Goat Herder: Kaldi
• Goats: Red fruit berries
Wild and Frisky

• Village of Imams: Monks

• Monasteries: Dried Fruit Berries
• Yemen: First Cultivation of coffee
• Turkey: First Roasting of Coffee
• Europe: Venetian trade Merchants
• Harsh Criticism ( drink of the devil, muslim drink and aphrodisiac)
• Pope Clement VIII
Americans: French Infantry Captain Gabriel Mathieu de Clieu
• Caribbean Island of Martinique
• First Cultivation of coffee in America
Coffee conquered the world by American and European
colonization.
• Biggest producer of coffee: Brazil
• Secondary producer of coffee: Vietnam, Guatemala and
Indonesia

In the 6th century Coffee was discovered in the Land of East Africa in the
country we know today as ETHIOPIA and in its region called KINGDOM
OF KAFFA. There was a goat herder named KALDI, his goats were tired
and hungry so the goats resorted to nibbling sweet red berries of strange
bushes. Kaldi’s goat ‘s begun to acts unusually wild and frisky and out of
his curiosity he too tried to eat the berries, he proved that it really gives
renewed energy. Kaldi collected a handful of the red fruit and hastened to
his village imam. As an experiment, the religious leader boiled the cherries
in water and then drank the concoction himself. He became alert and
lively, so much so that at maintaining wakefulness during evening of
prayers and meditation was uncharacteristically effortless. This monk
dried the fruit and send to distant monasteries. Coffee’s discovery spread
throughout the region and beyond.

Coffee berries were transported from Ethiopia to the Arabian Peninsula,

and were first cultivated in the country of YEMEN. From there coffee
traveled to TURKEY where coffee beans were roasted for the first time over
open fires. The roasted beans were crushed and then boiled in water,
creating a crude version of coffee. Coffee arrived on the European
continent by means of Venetian trade merchants. Once in Europe this
new beverage fell under harsh criticism, many felt that the pope should
ban coffee, calling it “the drink of the devil”, “Muslim Drink”
“Aphrodisiac”. To their surprise, the pope already a coffee drinker, Pope
Clement VIII blessed and baptized coffee, declaring in the Vatican as a
truly “Christian Beverage” since then coffee was accepted to Europe.

Coffee came to the Americans through a French infantry Captain named

GABRIEL MATHIEU DE CLIEU. Along his journey he brought a coffee
plant with him. This plant was transplanted to the CARIBBEAN ISLAND
OF MARTINIQUE. Were it was first cultivated in America. It was from his
humble beginning that the coffee found its way to the rest of the tropical
religions of south and Central America.

Coffee spread around the world because of European and American

colonization. Since then, BRAZIL became the biggest procedure of coffee
and a virtual monopolist in the trade, however a policy of maintaining high
prices soon opened opportunities to the other nations such as Columbia,
Guatemala, Indonesia and Vietnam. Coffee conquered the world.

1000 A.D.: Arab traders brought coffee back to their homeland and
cultivated the plant for the first time on plantations. They also began to boil
the beans, creating a drink they call “qahwa”.

1453: Coffee was introduced to Constantinople by Ottoman Turks. The

world’s first coffee shop, Kiva Han, opened there in 1475. Turkish law made
it legal for a woman to divorce her husband if he failed to provide her with
her daily quota of coffee.

1511: Khair Beg, the corrupt governor of Mecca, tried to ban coffee for feat
that is influence might foster opposition to his rule. The sultan dent word
that coffee was sacred and had a governor executed.

1600: Coffee, introduced to the west by Italian traders, grabbed attention

in highly places. In Italy, Pope Clement VIII was urged by his advisers to
consider that favorite drink of the Ottoman Empire part of the infidel threat.
However, he decided to “baptize” instead, making it an acceptable Christian
beverage.

1645: The first coffeehouse was opened in Italy

1652: First Coffeehouse was opened in England. Coffee Houses multiply

and became such popular forums for learned and not so learned discussion
that they were dubbed “penny universities” (a penny being the price of a
cup of coffee)

1688: Coffee replaced beer as New York City’s favorite breakfast drink

1721: The first coffee house in Berlin.

1866: Former wholesale grocer Joel Cheek named his popular coffee blend
“Maxwell House” after the hotel in Nashville

1901: The first “soluble instant coffee” was invented by Japanese-

American chemist Satoki Kato of Chicago.
 1946: In Italy, Achilles Gaggia perfect his espresso machine. Cappuccino
was named for resemblance of its color to the robes of the monks of the
Capuchin order.

1971: Starbucks opened its first store in Seattle’s Pike Place public
market, creating a frenzy over fresh-roasted whole bean coffee.

COFFEE EDUCATION

➢ Coffee is the seed of a cherry from a tree, which grows from sea level to
approximately 6,000 feet, in a narrow subtropical belt around the world.

➢ Coffee trees are an ever green and grow to heights of 20 ft. To simplify
harvesting trees are pruned to 8 to 0 ft.

➢ Coffee cherries ripen at different times, so they are predominantly picked

by hand. It takes approximately 2,000 Arabica to produce just one pound
of roasted coffee. Each cherry contains two beans.

➢ The average coffee tree only produces one to two pounds of roasted coffee
per year, and takes four to five years to produce its first crop.

INVENTION OF ESPRESSO COFFEE MACHINE

The espresso machine as we know it today is based on a machine patented

in 1947 by the Italian inventor Giovanni Achille Gaggia

THE ESPRESSO COFFEE MACHINE REVOLUTION

In the first espresso machines, which did not have levers or pumps, long
espresso coffees were made by forcing the water through lightly compressed
ground coffee. In later espresso machines, pumps were used and short, strong
espresso coffee was made, one to two cups at a time.

1901 Luigi Bezzera patent his Tipo Gigante, the precursor to what would
become the espresso machine technology for the next fifty years. Luigi wanted to
reduce the coffee break times so he made a machine that brewed coffee much
faster using pressure. Espresso means fast in Italian.

1905 Desederio Pavoni buys Bezzera’s patents.La Pavoni was the first
manufacturer of espresso machine to be used in coffee bars. Also, Pier Teresio
founds Victoria Arduino, the company that would do more to spread espresso
culture than any other with its advertisements and philosophy behind the drink.

1929 Rancillo founded by Roberto Rancili

1947 Giovanni Achille Gaggia introduce the revolutionary piston lever

Crema Caffe Machine and modern day espresso in the commercial establishment
is born. Many will follow

1997 Rancillo introduces the Rancilo Silva, which raises the bar in the
home espresso machine market and starts a trend towards better, more
professional machines for the consumer. Pasquini markets Livia 90 (made ny
Bezzera), one of a new wave of prosumer, heat exchanger-equipped machines for
consumers instead of commercial business.