03 - SS036 - Intellectual Revolutions-1

SS036 | Science, Technology and Society
Intellectual Revolutions that defined Society
GERONIMO LOMEDA JR, ECE, ITIL v3

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.
GERONIMO
Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle
Instructor, Malayan Colleges Laguna A.Corp.
(Philippines) LOMEDA JR, ECE, ITIL v3
Instructor, Malayan Colleges Laguna
LEARNING OUTCOMES
• Discuss the scientific

revolution done in the other
parts of the world
particularly in Latin America,
East Asia, Middle East, and
Africa

Instructor, Malayan Colleges Laguna GERONIMO A. LOMEDA JR, ECE, ITIL v3
MESOAMERICAN
REVOLUTION

MESOAMERICAN REVOLUTION : The Mayans
• Mesoamerica spans from

Southern Mexico up to the
borders of Southern America
• Maya civilization lasted for up
to 2000 years
• Incorporated their advanced
understanding of astronomy
into their architectures
including temples
• El Castillo, a Toltec-style
pyramid, Chichén Itzá,
Yucatán state, Mexico
• Situated at the location of the
sun during the spring and fall
equinoxes.

• The Mayan knowledge of

heavenly bodies was
advanced during their time
• They predicted solar eclipses,
use astrological cycles in
planting and harvesting

• One of the most complex and

intricate calendar systems
dating back to 1st century BC
• Consists of:
• Tzolk’in (Divine Calendar)
• Haab (Civil Calendar)

• The tzolk’in calendar has 260

unique days
• Has 20 named days
• With 13 numbered months
• Used to determine the time of
religious and ceremonial
events
Mayan Calendar System

• The Haab’ has 18 months of

20 days each plus 5 days at
the end of the year known as
Uayeb’

• Developed technology for

growing crops and
architecture
• Built looms for weaving cloth
• Devised rainbow of glittery
paints made from mineral
called MICA

• Mayan Hieroglyphs
• Mayan’s own writing system
• Considered one of the most
scientifically advanced in
Mesoamerica
• Skilled in Mathematics
• Developed a number system
based on 20
• Developed the concept of 0
even before the Romans did
MESOAMERICAN REVOLUTION : The Incas
• Inca Civilization
• Famous in Mesoamerica
• Developed roads paved with
stone
• Stone buildings that survived
earthquakes
• Developed an irrigation system
and technique to store water

• Developed the first

suspension bridge
• Calendar has 12 months to
mark religious festivals and
prepare for planting season

• Quipu
• A system of knotted ropes to
keep records that only experts
can interpret

MESOAMERICAN REVOLUTION : The Aztecs
• Floating Gardens (chinampas)
• Approximately 90-ft x 8-ft
intertwined with reeds, twigs and
branches
• Enclosed with mud and decaying
plant matter; willow trees were
planted at the borders
• Human manure was used as
fertilizer
• Produced corns, beans, and
squash
Michael Franco "Top 5 Ancient Aztec Inventions" 12 January 2011.
HowStuffWorks.com. <https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/inventions/5-ancient-aztec-
inventions.htm> 13 December 2020

• Universal Education
• Developed a compulsory
education system for all
children
• Boys undergo additional
schooling to develop yolteotl, a
heart of a stone, as part of
their warrior training
• Children aged 12-15 are
required to attend a cuicacalli,
a house of songs

• Universal Education
• Boys of commoners aged 15-20
attended telpochcalli, where study
is primarily military
• Sons of nobility attended
calmecac, where they are
schooled in residence and had
military training enhanced with
humanities
• Priests and government officials
are then chosen from the
calmecac

• Ollama (soccer)
• Played by Aztec forebears, the
Mayans; Aztecs elevated its
status with nobles as players
• Aim of the game was to knock
the ball through the rings using
the hips, knees or elbows
• Public participated through
betting

• Herbalism
• Aztecs were also known for tictil,
or physicians, who were
researching in the gardens of the
nobles
• Badianus Manuscript, a codex
from 1552 with over 180 plants
and trees description in treating
illnesses
• Aztecs used chicalote, a plant
closely related to opium poppy as
a painkiller

• Red dye from cochineal

• Cochineal is a tiny beetle living
on cacti has carminic acid
which produces the red dye.
• Needs 70,000 insects to
produce a pound of the dye
• Used in the coats of officers in
the British army and robes of
Catholic cardinals


ASIAN REVOLUTION

ASIAN REVOLUTION
• The largest continent in the

world by land area and
population
• Home of many ancient
civilizations

ASIAN REVOLUTION : India
• India is a huge peninsula
surrounded by vast waters
and mountains in its northern
borders
• Known for manufacturing
iron, medicine and in
metallurgical works
• Ayurveda is a system of
traditional medicine in
ancient India before 2500 BC

• Sushruta Samhita
• ancient Sanskrit text on
medicine and surgery;
foundation of Ayurveda
• Follows a 360 day calendar
divided into 12 equal parts
with 30 days each

• Indus Valley Civilization

• People tried to standardize
measurement of length and
designed a ruler, Mohenjodaro
Ruler

• Aryabhata
• First of the major
mathematician-astronomers
from ancient India
• Authored Aryabhatiya
• Introduced the place value
system
• Approximation of pi, π
• Trigonometry
• Explained the solar and lunar
eclipse scientifically
• Stated that the moon and planets
shine by reflected sunlight

• Brahmagupta
• Defined the properties of the
number 0, both as a
placeholder and a decimal digit
• Suggested that gravity was a
force of attraction

ASIAN REVOLUTION : Middle East
• Hasan Ibn al-Haytham

• Arab mathematician,
astronomer and physicist of
the Islamic Golden age
• Father of Optics

ASIAN REVOLUTION : Middle East
• Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi

• Persian polymath who conceptualized
algorithm in Mathematics
• Father of Algebra
• Algebra came from Al-Jabr, a part of the name
of his book, Hisab Al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabala
• Other notable works include calendars,
calculating true positions of the sun, moon and
the planets, sine and tangent tables, spherical
astronomy and astrological tables

AFRICAN REVOLUTION

AFRICAN REVOLUTION
• Development of geometry
• Center of alchemy, ie Egypt
• Studied human anatomy and
pharmacology
• Astronomy
• Mathematics

GERONIMO A. LOMEDA JR, ECE, ITIL v3
**Pictures used in this presentation are sourced from Google Search, and are for interpretation use only.
Instructor, Malayan Colleges Laguna

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SS036 | Science, Technology and Society

Intellectual Revolutions that defined Society

GERONIMO LOMEDA JR, ECE, ITIL v3

• Discuss the scientific

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

• Mesoamerica spans from

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

• The Mayan knowledge of

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

• One of the most complex and

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

• The tzolk’in calendar has 260

Mayan Calendar System

• The Haab’ has 18 months of

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

• Developed technology for

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

• Developed the first

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

• Red dye from cochineal

Michael Franco "Top 5 Ancient Aztec Inventions" 12 January 2011.

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

• The largest continent in the

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

• Indus Valley Civilization

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

• Hasan Ibn al-Haytham

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

• Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

Cloud Support Senior Engineer, Oracle (Philippines), Corp.

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