MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL

EDUCATION (MUMBAI)
PROJECT REPORT ON. To identify the

components in ciment and classify it

SUBMITTED BY

Mr.Mote Sagar Sakhahari

Mr. Tupe Aditya Ganesh

. GUIDED BY

Prof. Jivan Wankhede

SHREEYASH POLYTECHNIC AND ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER INGINEERING

AURANGABAD-431007

2021-2022

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 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the MICRO-PROJECT entitled “ To identify the components in

cement and classify it ” submitted By Mote Sagar Sakhahari completed the micro
project satisfactorily in subject Chemistry for the academic year 2021-2022 as prescribed
in the curriculum.

Place: Aurangabad Date:

Seat No: 317803

Enrollment No: 2110920131

Prof. H. P. KALE Prof. Jivan Wankhede

(H.O.D.) (Guide)

Prof. S. D. Bhople

(Principal)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Gives us immense pleasure to present the Micro-Project named

“To identify the components in cement and classify it " as prescribed in the

curriculum. It is a matter of great pleasure to ourdeep sense of gratitude to the

Principal Prof. S. D. Bhople of Shreeyash Polytechnic, Aurangabad, for his

inspiration. We special thanks Prof. jivan Wankhede for her encouragement.

You’re obediently
Mote Sagar

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Cement composition and classification
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Almost all drilling cements are made of Portland cement, a calcined (burned) blend of limestone and
clay. A slurry of Portland cement in water is used in wells because it can be pumped easily and hardens
readily, even under water. It is called Portland cement because its inventor, Joseph Aspdin, thought the
solidified cement resembled stone quarried on the Isle of Portland off the coast of England.

Contents

 1Proportioning of materials
 2Classification of cement

 3API classifications
o 3.1Class A

o 3.2Class B

o 3.3Class C

o 3.4Class G

o 3.5Class H

 4Properties of cement covered by API specifications

 5References

 6See also

 7Noteworthy papers in OnePetro

 8External links

 9Category

Proportioning of materials
Portland cements can be modified easily, depending on the raw materials used and the process used to
combine them.
Proportioning of the raw materials is based on a series of simultaneous calculations that take into
consideration the chemical composition of the raw materials and the type of cement to be produced:
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Type I, II, III, or V white cement, or American
Petroleum Institute (API) Class A, C, G, or H.[1] [2]

Classification of cement
The basic raw materials used to manufacture Portland cements are limestone (calcium carbonate) and
clay or shale. Iron and alumina are frequently added if they are not already present in sufficient quantity
in the clay or shale. These materials are blended together, either wet or dry, and fed into a rotary kiln,
which fuses the limestone slurry at temperatures ranging from 2,600 to 3,000°F into a material called
cement clinker. After it cools, the clinker is pulverized and blended with a small amount of gypsum to
control the setting time of the finished cement.

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When these clinkers hydrate with water in the setting process, they form four major crystalline phases,
as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.[3]

Table 1-Typical Mill Run Analysis Of Portland Cement

 

Table 2-Typical Composition And Properties Of API Classes of Portland Cement

Portland cements are usually manufactured to meet certain chemical and physical standards that
depend upon their application. In some cases, additional or corrective components must be added to
produce the optimum compositions. Examples of such additives are:

 Sand
 Siliceous loams
 Pozzolans
 Diatomaceous earth (DE)
 Iron pyrites
 Alumina

Calculations also take into account argillaceous or siliceous materials that may be present in high
proportions in some limestones, as well as from the ash produced when coal is used to fire the kiln.
Minor impurities in the raw material also must be taken into account, as they can have a significant
effect on cement performance.
In the U.S., there are several agencies that study and write specifications for the manufacture of
Portland cement. Of these groups, the best known to the oil industry are ASTM, which deals with
cements for construction and building use, and API, which writes specifications for cements used only in
wells.
The ASTM Spec. C150[1] provides for eight types of Portland cement: Types I, IA, II, IIA, III, IIIA, IV, and
V, where the “A” denotes an air-entraining cement. These cements are designed to meet the varying

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needs of the construction industry. Cements used in wells are subjected to conditions not encountered
in construction, such as wide ranges in temperature and pressure. For these reasons, different
specifications were designed and are covered by API specifications. API currently provides
specifications covering eight classes of oilwell cements, designated Classes A through H. API Classes
G and H are the most widely used.
Oilwell cements are also available in either moderate sulfate-resistant (MSR) or high sulfate-resistant
(HSR) grades. Sulfate-resistant grades are used to prevent deterioration of set cement downhole
caused by sulfate attack by formation waters.

API classifications
The oil industry purchases cements manufactured predominantly in accordance with API classifications
as published in API Spec. 10A.[4] The different classes of API cements for use at downhole
temperatures and pressures are defined next.
Class A
 This product is intended for use when special properties are not required.
 Available only in ordinary, O, grade (similar to ASTM Spec. C150, Type I). [1]

Class B
 This product is intended for use when conditions require moderate or high sulfate resistance.
 Available in both MSR and HSR grades (similar to ASTM Spec. C150, Type II). [1]

Class C
 This product is intended for use when conditions require high early strength.
 Available in ordinary, O , MSR, and HSR grades (similar to ASTM Spec. C150, Type III). [1]

Class G
 No additions other than calcium sulfate or water, or both, shall be interground or blended with
the clinker during manufacture of Class G well cement.
 This product is intended for use as a basic well cement. Available in MSR and HSR grades.

Class H
 No additions other than calcium sulfate or water, or both, shall be interground or blended with
the clinker during manufacture of Class H well cement.
 This product is intended for use as a basic well cement. Available in MSR and HSR grades

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