Alternating Current

1. What causes the core of a transformer to get

heated up under operation?
2. An A.C. voltage of 200 V is applied to the
primary of a transformer and a voltage of 2000
V is obtained from the secondary. Calculate
the ratio of current passing through the
primary to that in the secondary coil.
14. An ideal inductor does not consume any
power even though both V and I are non-zero.
Explain in brief.
15. Which of one of the following graph in figure
represents variation of reactance ‘Xc’ of a
capacitor with frequency ‘f’ of an as supply?

3. In a graphical variation of emf (induced) with

time for the output of an a.c. generator, mark
the peak value of emf induced and the time
period.

4. An A.C. generator generates an emf ‘e’ given

by : e = 311 sin(100 t) volt. Find the rms
value of the emf generated by the generator.

5. What is meant by ‘wattless’ current?

6. Give the expression for the power factor in an

L - R circuit in terms of the resistance R and
the inductive reactance X. 16. Variation of alternating current ‘I’ with time
‘t’ is shown in the graph below :
7. Mention any two special effects/properties of
an L - C - R circuit at resonance.

8. In an A.C. circuit, R = 4, Z = 5, Vrms = 200

V and Irms = 1.5 A. Calculate the average
power consumed over a full cycle.

9. An ideal inductor in an A.C. circuit consumes

no power, through both V and I are non-zero. What is the rms value of this current?
Why?
17. Alternating current flowing through a certain
10. The electric main in the house is marked
electrical device leads over the potential
220V = 50 Hz. Write down the equation for
difference across it by 900. State whether the
the instantaneous voltage. The only variable
device is a resistor, capacitor or an inductor.
in the equation should be ‘t’.
18. In the given diagram, find the current drawn
11. State the power factor of a series L - C - R
from the battery : (i) just when the switch S is
circuit.
closed, (ii) when sufficient time has elapsed
after closing the switch.
12. An alternating current of frequency f is
flowing through an ideal choke coil of self
inductance L. If V0 and I0 be the peak values
of the voltage and current, find the average
power consumed, if any, by the choke coil.

13. What is the value of power factor in a series

L - C - R circuit a resonance?
By : Nand Kr. Srivastava 1 Mob. : 9839909680

19. In a graphical variation of emf induced with
time for the output of an A.C. generator,
mark the peak value of emf e0 induced and
the time period T.
energy loss in a transformer.
29. A lamp with a resistance of 8 , is connected
to a choke coil shown in figure.

20. Figure below shows a graph of emf E

generated by an A.C. generator versus time
‘t’. What is the frequency of the emf?

This arrangement is connected to an

21. How can a 1120 V A.C. appliance work with
a 220 V A.C.?
30. In the circuit in figure, the current is found to
22. At resonance, what is the relation between
impedance of a series L - C - R circuit and its
resistance R?
23. What is the turns ratio, i.e., transformer ratio,
N S : N p is an ideal transformer which
increases an AC voltage from 220 V to 33000
V?
alternating source of 110 volt. The current in
the circuit is 11 A. The frequency of the A.C.
is 60 Hz. Find (i) impedance of the circuit
and (ii) value of inductive reactance of the
choke coil.
lag behind the voltage by an angle of 36.90.
Calculate the :
(i) inductive reactance,
(ii) impedance of the circuit,
(iii) current flowing in the circuit,
(iv) frequency of the applied emf. Take L =
0.1 H, cos 36.90 = 4/5 and tan 36.90 = 3/4.

24. What is the ‘power factor’ of an L - C - R

circuit? What are its maximum and minimum
values and under what conditions?

25. Plot a labelled graph showing variation in

impedance Z of a series L - C- R circuits with
frequency f of alternating emf applied to it.
What is the minimum value of this
impedance? 31. (a) Obtain the relation I = I0 sin (t + /2)
1
and XL = 𝜔𝐶 for a pure capacitor across
26. Why is the core of a transformer laminated? which an a.c. emf of  = 0 sin t is
applied as shown in the figure. Draw a
27. A transformer has 500 turns in its primary phasor diagram showing emf , current I
and 1000 turns in its secondary winding. The
their phase difference .
primary voltage is 200 V and the load in the
secondary is 100 . Calculate the current in
the primary, assuming it to be an ideal
transformer.

28. When the primary of a transformer is

connected to a 120 V A.C. mains, the current
in the primary is 18.5 mA. Find the voltage
across the secondary when it delivers 1.5 mA
current through it, assuming the transformer
to be an ideal one. State any one type of
By : Nand Kr. Srivastava
(b) In the R - L circuit shown in the figure,
the resistance R = 30, reactance, XL =
40 and peak emf e0 = 200 V.
2 Mob. : 9839909680
 Calculate :
(i) the impedance Z
(ii) phase difference between the emf and
current
(iii) the peak current I0 in the circuit.
32. Two bulbs B1 and B2 are connected in series
with an a.c. source of emf 200 V as shown in
the figure. The labels on the bulbs read 200 V,
60 W and 200 V, 100 W respectively.
Calculate the ratio of :
(i) the resistances of the bulbs R1/R2
(ii) the power being consumed when
connected in series P1/P2
(iii) the p.d. across the bulbs V1/V2.
33. A current of 4 A flows in a coil when
connected to a 12 V d.c. source. If the same
coil is connected to a 12 V, 8 Hz a.c. source,
a current of 2.4 A flows in the coil. Calculate
the inductance of the coil.
𝐼0
34. (a) Show that Irms = , where Irms is the
√2
root
mean square value of alternating current
and I0 is its peak value.
(b) An alternating emf of frequency 50 Hz is
applied to a circuit with a resistor of 20,
an inductor of 100 mH and a capacitor of
30 F connected in series.
(i) What is the angle by which the current
leads or lags the applied emf?
(ii) Represent the voltage and the current
in a vector diagram showing the phase
angle.
By : Nand Kr. Srivastava
35. (a) Obtain the relation for the current I = I0
(t - /2) for a pure inductor across
which an alternating emf  = 0 sin t is
applied.
(b) A resistance of 150 and capacitance of
15F are connected in series with an AC
source. The peak value of the current is
0.20 A. Calculate the average power
consumed in the circuit. If the capacitor is
removed but the current is kept the same,
what is the average power consumed in
the resistor alone?
(c) In A.C. circuit resistance R, inductance I,
and capacitance C are connected in series.
The value of C is adjusted for resonance.
State any three properties of this circuit
which hold true for resonance only.
(Give the properties in words or equations,
relating XL, XC, Z, R, , power etc.)
36. A 30 mF capacitor, 0.2 H inductor and a 50
resistor are connected in series to an A.C.
source whose emf in given by E =
310sin(314t) where E is in volt and ‘t’ is in
seconds. Calculate :
(i) the impedance of the circuit and
(ii) peak value of current in the circuit.
37. (a) When an alternating emf e = 300 sin
(100t +  / 6) volt is applied to a circuit,
the current I through it is I = 5.0sin(100t
- /6) ampere. Find the :
(i) phase difference between the emf and
current.
(ii) average power consumed by the
circuit.
(b) Obtain an expression for resonant
frequency ‘f0’ of a series L - C - R circuit.
38. A current of 4A flows in a coil when it is
connected to a 12V d.c. source. When the
same coil is connected to an a.c. source (12 V,
8 Hz), a current of 2.4 A flows in the coil.
Calculate coefficient of self inductance (L) of
the coil.
39. A 50 F capacitor, a 30 resistor and a 0.7 H
inductor are connected in series to an a.c.
supply which generates an emf ‘e’ given by e
= 300sin (200 t) volt. Calculate peak value of
the current flowing through the current.
40. What are four different types of energy losses
3 Mob. : 9839909680
 in a transformer? State how to
reduce/minimise any one of them?
41. (i) Figure below shows a series RCL circuit
connected to an a.c. source which
generates an alternating emf of frequency
50 Hz. The readings of the voltmeters V1
and V2 are 80 V and 60 V respectively.
Find :
(a) Current in the circuit
(b) Capacitance C of the capacitor
(ii.) At resonance, what is the relation between
impedance of a series L - C - R circuit and
its resistance R?
42. Obtain an expression for resonant frequency
f0 of a series L - C - R circuit.
43. An A.C. emf E = E0 sin t is applied across a
pure inductance L. Obtain expression for (i)
the current i and (ii) the inductive reactance
XL in the circuit. Draw a phasor diagram
showing emf E0, current i0 and their phase
difference .
44. Obtain the relation for the current i = i0 sin
(t -  / 2) for a pure inductor across which
an alternating emf E = E0 sin t is applied.
45. What are the four different types of energy
losses in a transformer? State how to
reduce/minimize any one of them.
46. An alternating emf of 220 V is applied to a
circuit containing a resistor R having
resistance of 160 and a capacitor ‘C’ is
series. The current is found to lead the supply
voltage by an angle θ = tan-1 (3 / 4).
(i) Calculate : 1. The capacitive reactance,
2. Impedance of the circuit,
3. Current flowing in the circuit.
(ii) If the frequency of the applied emf is 50
Hz, what is the value of the capacitance
of the capacitor ‘C’?
By : Nand Kr. Srivastava
47. An A.C. generator generating an emf of  =
300sin (100 t)V is connected to a series
combination of 16 F capacitor, 1 H inductor
and 100 resistor.
Calculate :
(i) Impedance of the circuit at the given
frequency.
(ii) Resonant frequency f0.
(iii) power factor at resonant frequency f0.
48. What is the value of power factor for a pure
resistor connected to an alternating current
source?
49. A transformer is used to step up an
alternating emf of 200V to 440 V. If the
primary coil has 1000 turns, calculate the
number of turns in the secondary coil.
50. (a) (i) An alternating emf of 220V-50Hz is
applied to an L-R circuit, having a
resistance R of 10 and an inductance
L of 0.05H connected in series.
Calculate: (1) Impedance (2) Current
flowing in the circuit.
(ii) Draw a labelled graph showing the
variation of inductive reactance (XL)
versus frequency (f).
OR (b) (i) An AC source of emf e = 200 sin t is
connected to a resistor of 50.
Calculate:
(1) Average current (Iavg)
(2) Root mean square (rms) value of emf.
(ii) State any two characteristics of
resonance in an LCR series circuit.
51. A. (i) A 400 resistor, a 3H inductor and a
5F capacitor are connected in series to
a 220 V, 50Hz AC source. Calculate
the :
(a) Impedance of the circuit
(b) Current flowing through the circuit.
(ii.) Draw a labelled graph showing the
variation of impedance (Z) of a series
LCR circuit versus frequency (f) of
the AC supply.
OR B. (i) When an alternating emf e = 310 sin
(100t) V is applied to a series LCR
circuit, current flowing through it is i =
5 sin (100t + /3)A.
(a) What is the phase difference
between the current and the emf?
(b) Calculate the average power
consumed by the circuit.
(ii.) Obtain an expression for the resonant
frequency (f0) of a series LCR circuit.
4 Mob. : 9839909680