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Alternating Current

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Alternating Current
EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS
Q.1 The resistance of coil for direct current (dc)
is 10  . When alternating current (ac) is sent
through it; will its resistance increase, decrease
or remain the same?
Q.2 Prove that an ideal inductor does not
dissipate power in an A.C. circuit.
Q.3 What is impedance? Derive a relation for it
in an A.C. Series LCR circuit. Show it by a vector.
Q.4 An A.C. supply E  E0 sin t is connected to
a series combination of L, C and R. Calculate the
impedance of the circuit and discuss the phase
relation between voltage and current.
Q.5 What is the relation between peak value
and root mean square value of alternating
e.m.f?
Q.6 Is there any device which may control the
direct current without dissipation of energy?
Q.7 What is the phase relationship between
current and voltage in an inductor?
Q.8 Find the reactance of a capacitance C at f
Hz.
Q.9 Prove that an ideal capacitor connected to
an A.C. source does not dissipate power.
Q.10 State the principle of an A.C. generator.
Q.11 How are the energy losses reduced in a
transformer?
Q.12 Discusses the principle, working and use
of a transformer for long distance transmission
of electrical energy.
Q.13 (a) What will be instantaneous voltage for
A.C. supply of 220 V and 50 Hz?
(b) In an A.C. circuit, the rms voltage is 100 2 V
, find the peak value of voltage and its mean
value during a positive half cycle.
Q.14 What should be the frequency of
alternating 200 V so as to pass a maximum
current of 0.9 A through an inductance of 1 H?
Q.15 An alternating e.m.f of 100 V (r.m.s), 50 Hz
is applied across a capacitor of 10 F and a
resistor of 100 W in series. Calculate (a) The
reactance of the capacitor; (b) The current
flowing (c) the average power supplied.
Q.16 The effective value of current in a 50 cycle
A.C. circuit 5.0 A. What is the value of current
1/300s after it is zero?
Q.17 A pure capacitor is connected to an ac
source of 220 V, 50 Hz, what will be the phase
difference between the current and applied
emf in the circuit?
Q.18 A 100  resistance is connected to a 220
V, 50 Hz A.C. supply.
(a) What is the rms value of current in the
circuit?
(b) What is the net power consumed over a full
cycle?
Q.19 A pure inductance of 1 H is connected
across a 110 V, 70 Hz source, find (a) reactance
(b) current (c) peak value of current.
Q.20. A series circuit contains a resistor of 10 
, a capacitor, an ammeter of negligible
resistance. It is connected to a source 220V-50
Hz, if the reading of an ammeter is 2.0 A,
calculate the reactance of the capacitor.
Q.21. A series LCR circuit connected to a
variable frequency 230V source and L=5.0 H,
C=80 F , R=40  .
(a) Determine the source frequency which
drives the circuit in resonance.
(b) Obtain the impedance of the circuit and the
amplitude of the current at the resonating
frequency.
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Alternating Current
(c) Determine the rms potential drops across
the three elements of the circuit. Show that the
potential drop across the LC combination is
zero at the resonating frequency.
Q.22. A circuit containing a 80 mH inductor and
a 60 F capacitor in series is connected to 230
V, 50Hz supply. The resistance of the circuit is
negligible. (a) Obtain the current amplitude
and rms values. (b) Obtain the rms value of
potential drops across each element, (c) What
is the average transferred to the inductor? (d)
What is the average power transferred to the
capacitor? (e) What is the total average power
absorbed by the circuit? [‘average’ ‘implies’
averaged over one cycle;].
Q.23. Answer the following questions: (a) in any
A.C. circuit, is the applied instantaneous
voltage equal to the algebraic sum of the
instantaneous voltage across the series
element of the circuit? Is the same true for rms
voltage? (b) A capacitor is used in the primary
circuit of an inductor coil. (c) A supplied voltage
signal consists of a super position of a D.C
voltage and A.C. voltage of high frequency. The
circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor
in series. Show that the D.C. signal will appear
across C and the A.C. signal across L. (c) An
applied voltage signal consists of a Q.29. The frequency of ac is doubled, what
superposition of a D.C. voltage and an A.C.
Voltage of high frequency. The circuit consists
of an inductor and a capacitor in series. Show
that the D.C. signal will appear across C and the
A.C. signal across L. (e) Why is choke coil
needed in the use of florescent tubes with A.C.
mains? Why can we not use an ordinary resistor
instead of the choke coil?
Q.24. An inductance of negligible resistance,
whose reactance is 22 Ω at 200 Hz is connected
to a 220 V, 50 hertz power line, what is the value
of the inductance and reactance?
Q.25. An electric lamp market 220 V D.C.
consumes a current of 10 A. It is connected to
250 V-50 Hz A.C. main through a choke.
Calculate the inductance of the choke required.
Q.26. A 2 F capacitor, 100  resistor and 8H
inductor are connected in series with an A.C.
source. What should be the frequency of this
A.C source, for which the current drawn in the
circuit is maximum? If the peak value of e.m.f
of the source is 200 V, find for maximum
current, (i) The inductive and capacitive
reactance of the circuit; (ii) Total impedance of
the circuit; (iii) Peak value of current in the
circuit ; (iv) The phase relation between
voltages across inductor and resistor; (v) The
phase difference between voltage across
inductor and capacitor.
Q.27. A step-down transformer converts a
voltage of 2200 V into 220 V in the transmission
line. Number of turns in primary coil is 5000.
Efficiency of the transformer is 90% and its
output power is 8 kW. Calculate (i) Number of
turns in the secondary coil (ii) input power.
Q.28. What will be the effect on inductive
reactance XL and capacitive XC, if frequency of
ac source is increased?
happens to (i) Inductive reactance (ii)
Capacitive reactance?
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Alternating Current

EXERSICE 2 JEE MAIN

Single correct question Q.4. The ratio of time constant in build-up and
Q.1 A rectangular loop with a sliding connector decay in the circuit shown in Fig. 23.38 is
of length 10 cm is situated in uniform magnetic
field perpendicular
to plane of loop.
The magnetic
induction is 0.1
Figure 23. 38
tesla and Figure 23. 36
resistance of
(A) 1:1 (B) 3:2 (C) 2:3 (D) 1:3
connecter (R) is 1 Ω. The sides AB and CD have
resistance 2 Ω and 3 Ωrespectively. Find the Q.5. A current of 2A is increased at a rate of 4
current in the connecter during its motion with A/s through a coil of inductance 2H. The energy
constant velocity of 1 meter/sec. stored in the inductor per unit time is
1 1 1 1 (A) 2 J/s (B) 1 J/s (C) 16 J/s (D) 4 J/s
 A  110 A B 220 A C 55 A D  440 A
Q.6. The current in
Q.2. For L-R circuit, the time constant is equal the given circuit is
to increased with a
(A) Twice the ratio of the energy stored in the rate a=4 A/s. The
magnetic field to the rate of dissipation of charge on the
energy in the resistance. capacitor at an Figure 23. 39
(B) Ratio of the energy stored in the magnetic instant when the
field to the rate of dissipation of energy in the current in the circuit is 2 amp will be:
resistance. (A) 4 C (B) 5 C
(C) Half the ratio of the energy stored in the
magnetic field to the rate of dissipation of (C) 6 C (D) none of these
energy in the resistance.
(D) Square of the ratio of the energy stored in Q.7. A coil of inductance 5H is joined to a cell
the magnetic field to the rate of dissipation of of emf 6 V through a resistance 10  at time
energy in the resistance. t=0. The emf across the coil at time t= 2 s is:

Q.3. In the (A) 3V (B) 1.5V (C) 0.75V (D) 4.5V

adjoining circuit,
initially the switch S Q.8. The network shown in the Fig. 23.40 is part
is open. The switch of a complete circuit. If at a certain instant, the
‘s’ is closed at t=0. current I is 5A and it is decreasing at a rate of
The difference 103 As -1 then VB-VA equals.
Figure 23. 37
between and
minimum current that can flow in the circuit is
(A) 2 Amp (B) 3 Amp
Figure 23. 40
(C) 1 Amp (D) Nothing can be concluded
(A) 20 V (B) 15 V (C) 10 (D) 5 V

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Alternating Current

Q.9. In the previous question, if I is reversed in (C) VL=6 V; point A is at the higher potential
direction, then VB-VA equals (D) VL=6 V; point B is at the higher potential
(A) 5 V (B) 10 V (C) 15 V (D) 20 V
Q.13. The power factor of the circuit shown in
Q.10. Two resistors Fig. 23.44 is 1/ 2
of 10  and 20  .The capacitance of the circuit is equal to
and an ideal
inductor of 10 H
are connected to a
Figure 23. 41
2 V battery as
shown in Fig. 23.41. The key K is inserted at
time t=0. The initial (t=0) and final (t>=00)
current through battery are
1 1 1 1
(A) A, A (B) A, A Figure 23. 44
15 10 10 15
2 1 1 2 (A) 400 F (B) 300 F
(C) A, A (D) A, A
15 10 15 25
(C) 500 F (D) 200 F
Q.11. In the circuit
shown, the cell is Q.14. In the circuit, as shown in the Fig. 23.45, if
ideal. The coil has an the value of R.M.S current is 2.2 ampere, the
inductance of 4H power factor of the box is
and zero resistance. Figure 23. 42
F is a fuse zero
resistance and will blow when the current
through it reaches 5A. The switch is closed at
t=0. The fuse will blow
(A) Just after t=0 (B) after 2
Figure 23. 45
(C) After 5s (D) after 10s
1 3 1
(A) (B) 1 (C) (D)
Q.12. The circuit shown has been operating for 2 2 2
a long time. The instant after the switch in the
Q.15. When 100 V DC is applied across a
circuit labeled S is opened, what is the voltage
solenoid, a current of 1 A flows in it. When 100
across the inductor VL and which labeled point
V AC is applied across the same coil, the current
(A or B) of the inductor is at a higher potential?
drops to 0.5 A. If the frequency of the AC source
Take R1=4.0  , R2=8.0  and L= 2.5 H.
is 50 Hz, the impedance and inductance of the
solenoid are:
(A) 100  , 0.93 H (B) 200  , 1.0 H
(C) 10  , 0.86 H (D) 200  , 0.55 H

Q.16. An ac current is given by I  I0  I1 sin t

Figure 23. 43 then its rms value will be
(A) VL=12 V; point A is at the higher potential
(B) VL=12 V; point B is at the higher potential (A) I02  0.5112 (B) I02  0.5102

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Alternating Current

(C) 0 (D) I 0 / 2 Q.23. The switches in Fig. 23.46 (a) and (b) are
closed at t=0
Q.17. The phase difference between current
and voltage in an AC circuit is  / 4 radians. If
the frequency of AC is 50 Hz, then the phase
difference is equivalent to the time difference:
(A) 0.78 s (B) 15.7 ms
(C) 0.25 s (D) 2.5 ms
Figure 23. 46
Q.18. Power factor an L-R series circuit is 0.6 (A) The charge on C just after t=0 is EC.
and that of a C-R series circuit is 0.5. If the (B) The charge on C long after t=0 is EC.
element (L, C, and R) of the two circuits are (C) The charge on L just after t=0 is E/R.
joined in series, the power factor of this circuit (D) The charge on L long after t=0 is EC.
is found to be 1. The ratio of the resistance in
Q.24. Two coils A and B have coefficient of
the L-R circuit to the resistance in the C-R
mutual inductance M=2H. The Magnetic flux
circuit is
passing through coil A changes by 4 Weber in
(A) 6/5 (B) 5/6
10 seconds due to the change in current in B.
(C) 4 (D) 3 3 Then
3 3 4
(A) Change in current in B in this time interval
is 0.5 A
Q.19. The effective value of current i=2 sin100
(B) The change in current in B in this time
 t+2 sin (100  t+300) is:
interval is 2A
(A) 2A (B) 2 2  3 (C) The change in current in B in this time
(C) 4 (D) none interval is 8A
(D) A change in current of 1A in coil A will
Q.20. In a series R-L-C circuit, the frequency of
produce a change in flux passing through B by
the source is half of the resonance frequency.
4 Weber.
The nature of the circuit will be
(A) Capacitive (B) inductive Assertion reasoning Question
(C) Purely resistive (D) data insufficient Q.25. Statement-1: when a circuit having large
inductance is switched off, sparking occurs at
Q21. The symbol L, C, R represents inductance,
the switch.
capacitance and resistance respectively.
Dimension of frequency is given by the Statement-2: Emf induced in an inductor is
combination.
given by   L di
1 dt
(A) 1/RC (B) R/L (C) ( D) C/L
LC (A). Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and
Q.22. An LR circuit with a battery is connected statement-2 is correct explanation for
at t=0. Which of the following quantities is not statement-1.
zero just after the circuit is closed? (B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and
(A) Current in the circuit statement-2 is not the correct explanation for
(B) Magnetic field statement-1.
(C) Power delivered by the battery (C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Emf induced in the inductor (D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.

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Alternating Current

Comprehension type Question

Comprehension-I
In a series L-R circuit, connected with a
sinusoidal ac source, the maximum potential
difference across L and R are respectively 3

Q.26. At an instant, the potential difference

across resistor is 2 V. The potential difference
in volt, across the inductor at the same instant
will be:
0
(A) 3 cos30 (B) 3 cos600

(C) 3 cos 450 (D) none of these

Q.27. At the same instant, the magnitude of the

potential difference in volt, across the ac source
may be
43 3
(A) 4  3 3 (B)
2
3 3
(C) 1  (D) 2 
2 2

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Alternating Current

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE MAIN

Q.28. When an AC source of emf e=E0 sin (100 t) is connected across a circuit,
the phase difference between the emf and the current i in the circuit is observed

to be ahead, as shown in the Fig 23.47. If the circuit consists possibly only of
4
R-C or R-L or L-C in series, find the relationship between the two elements: Figure 23. 47
(2003)
(A) R=1 K  ,C=10 F
(B) R=1 K  ,C=1 F
(C) R=1 K  ,L=10H
(D) R=1 K  ,L=1H

Q.29. The current I4 through the resistor and voltage vC across the capacitor are compared in the
two cases. Which of the following is/are true? (2011)
(a) IRA  IRB (B) IRA  IRB
A B A B
(C) IC  IC (D) IC  IC

Q.30. The network shown in Fig. 23.48 is part of a complete circuit. If at a certain instant the current
(I) is 5A and is decreasing at a rate of 103 A/s then VB  VA  .........V (1997)

Figure 23. 48

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Alternating Current

EXERCISE 1 JEE ADVANCED

Q.1 In the given coils 1, which varies with time as: I1  kt2 ,
circuit, find the
where K is constant ‘t’ is time. Find the total
ratio of i1 to i2 charge that has flown through coil 2, between
where i1 is the Figure 23. 49 t=0 and t=T.

initial current (at t=0), i2 is steady state (at t=∞)
current through the battery.
Q.2 Find the dimension of the quantity
L
, where symbols have usual meaning.
RCV
Q.8 Find the value of an inductance which
should be connected in series with a capacitor
of 5 F, resistance of 10  and an ac source of
50 Hz so that the power factor of the circuit is
unity.

Q.3 In the circuit Q.9 In an L-R series A.C circuit the potential
shown, initially the difference across an inductance and resistance
switch joined in series are respectively 12 V and 16 V.
is in position 1 for a Find the total potential difference across the
long time. Then the circuit.
Figure 23. 50
switch is shifted to
Q.10 A 50W, 100V lamp is to be connected
position 2 for long time. Find the total heat
to an ac mains of 200V, 50Hz. What
produced in R2.
capacitance is essential to be put in series with
lamp.
Q.4 Two resisters of 10  and 20  and an
ideal inductor of 10 Q.11 In the
H are connected to a circuit shown in
2V battery as shown the Fig 23.53,
in Fig. 23.51. The key the switched s1
K is shorted at time and S2 are
Figure 23. 51 Figure 23. 53
t=0. Find the initial closed at time
(t=0) and final (t->∞) current through battery. t=0. After time t= (0.1) ln 2sec, switch S2 is
opened. Find the current in the circuit at time
Q.5 An emf of 15 V is applied in a circuit
t= (0.2)ln 2sec.
containing 5 H inductance and 10 
resistance. Find the ratio of the current at time Q.12 Find the value of i1 and i2
t=∞ and t=1 second. (i) Immediately
after the switch S
Q.6 In the circuit in shown in Fig. 23.52, switch is closed.
S is closed at time t=0. (ii) Long time
Find the charge which Figure 23. 54
later, with S
passes through the closed.
battery in one time (iii) Immediately after switch S is open
constant. Figure 23. 52 (iv) Long time after S is opened.

Q.7 Two coils, 1 & 2, have a mutual inductance

=M and resistance R each. A current flows in

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Alternating Current

Q.13 Suppose 
L  35mH,R  11,Vrms  220V,  50Hz
the emf of the 2
battery in the And   22 / 7 . Find the amplitude of current in
circuit shown the steady state and obtain the phase
varies with time t Figure 23. 55 difference between the current and the
so the current is voltage. Also plot the variation of current for
given by i(t) = 3+5t, where i is in amperes & t one cycle on the given graph.
is in seconds. Take R=4  , L=6H & find an
expression for the battery emf as a function of
time.

Q.14 An LCR series circuit with 100 

resistance is connected to an ac source of 200
V and angular frequency 300rad/s. When only
the capacitance is removed, the current lags
behind the voltage by 600. When only the
inductance is removed, the current leads the
voltage by 600. Calculate the current and the
power dissipated in the LCR circuit.

Q.15 A box P and a coil Q are connected is

series with an ac source of variable frequency.
The emf source at 10V. Box P contains a
capacitance of 1  F in series with a resistance
of 32  . Coil Q has a self-inductance 4.9 mH
and a resistance of 68  series. The frequency
adjusted so that the maximum current flows in
P and Q. Find the impedance of P and Q at this
frequency. Also find the voltage across P and
Q respectively.

Q.16 A series LCR circuit containing a resister

of 120 Ω has angular resonance frequency
-1
4  105 rad s . At resonance, the voltage across
resistance and inductance are 60V and 40V
respectively. Find the values of L and C. At what
frequency current in the circuit lags the voltage
by 45o?

Q.17 In an LR series
circuit, a sinusoidal
voltage V=V0 sin t is
applied. It is given that
Figure 23. 56

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Alternating Current

EXERCISE 2 JEE ADVANCED

Single correct question e.m.f. across inductor and i the current in the
Q.1 A square coil circuit at any time t. Then which of the
ABCD is placed in x-y following graphs shows the variation of e with
plane with its centre at i?
origin. A long straight
wire, passing through
origin, carries a Figure 23. 57
current in negative Z-
direction. Current in this wire increases with
time. The induced current in the coil is

(A) Clock wise (B) anti clockwise

(C) Zero (D) alternating Q.4 Two identical inductances carry currents
that vary with time
Q.2 An electric current i1 can flow in either according to linear laws
direction (see in Fig. 23.60). In
through loop (1) which of the inductances
and induced Figure 23. 60
is the self-inductance
current i2 in loop emf greater?
(2). Positive i1 is Figure 23. 58
when current is from ‘a’ to ‘b’ in loop (1) and (A) 1 (B) 2
positive i2 is when the current is from ‘c’ to ‘d’ (C) same
in loop (2) In an experiment, the graph of i2 (D) Data is insufficient to decide

Q.5 L, C and R represents physical

quantities inductance, capacitance and
resistance. The combination which has the
Figure 23. 59 dimensions of frequency?
against time ‘t’ is as shown below by Fig. 23.59 1 R
1 R
which one (s) of the following graphs could (A) and (B) and
RC L RC L
have caused i2 to behave as give above.
1 C
Q.3 In an L-R circuit connected to a battery (C) (D)
LC L
of constant e.m.f. E, switch S is closed at time
Q.6 In the circuit shown, X is joined to Y for
a long time, and then X is joined to Z, the total
heat produced in R2 is:

Figure 23. 61

t=0. If e denotes the magnitude of induced

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Alternating Current

LE2 LE2 1  2
(A) (B) (C)   (D) None of these
2
2R12 2R 22
Q.11 The power in ac circuit is given by
LE2 LE2R 2 P=ErmsIrms cos  . The value of cos  in series LCR
(C) (D)
2R1R2 2R12 circuit at resonance is:
1
Q.7 An induction coil stores 32 joules of (A) Zero (B) 1 (C) (D) 1
2 2
magnetic energy and dissipates energy as heat
at the rate of 320 watt when a current of 4 Q.12 In ac circuit, when ac ammeter is
amperes is passed through it. Find the time connected, it reads i current if a student uses
constant of the circuit when the coil is joined DC ammeter in place of ac ammeter the
across a battery. reading in the dc ammeter will be:

(A) 0.2s (B) 0.1s (C) 0.3s (D) 0.4s (A) i (B) 2i
2

Q.8 In an L-R decay circuit, the initial (C) 0.637 i (D) zero
current at t=0 is 1. The total charge that has
Q.13 If I1, I2, I3 and I4 are the respective r.m.s
inductor has reduced to one-fourth of its initial
values of the time varying current as shown in
value is
Fig. 23.62 the four cases I. II, III and IV in. Then
(A) LI / R (B) LI / 2R
identify the correct relations.
(C) LI / 2R (D) None

Q.9 An inductor coil stores U energy when

i current is passed through it and dissipates
energy at the rate of P. The time constant of the
circuit, when the coil is connected across a
battery of zero internal resistance is
Figure 23. 62
4U U
(A) (B) (A) I1  I2  I3  I 4 (B) I3  I1  I2  I 4
P P
2U 2P
(C) (D)
P U (C) I3  I 4  I2  I1 (D) I3  I2  I1  I 4

Q. 10 When a resistance R is connected in Q.14 In series LR circuit XL=3R. Now a

series with an element A, the electric current is capacitor with XC=R is added in series. Ratio of
found to be lagging behind the voltage by new to old power factor is
angle  1. When the same resistance is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 2
connected in series with element B, current 2i

leads voltage by 2 .When R, A, B, are

Q.15 The current I,
connected in series, the current now leads potential difference VL
voltage by  . Assume same AC source in used across the inductor and
in all cases. Then: potential
(A)   1  2 (B) tan   tan 2  tan 1 Figure 23. 63

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Alternating Current

difference VC across the capacitor in circuit as
shown in the Fig. 23.63 are best represented
vectorially as.
(C) Half of the ratio of the energy stored in the
magnetic field to the rate of the dissipation of
energy in the resistance.
(D) Square of the ratio of the energy stored in
the magnetic field to the rate of the dissipation
of energy in the resistance.

Q.19 An inductor
L, a resistor R and
two identical
bulbs B1 and B2
are connected to
Q.16 In the shown AC circuit in Fig. 23.64, a battery through
a switch S as Figure 23. 66
phase difference between current I1 and I2 is
shown in the Fig. 23.66. The resistance of the
coil having inductance L is also R. Which of the
following statement gives the correct
description of the happening when the switch
S is closed?
(A) The bulb B2 lights up earlier then B1 and
Figure 23. 64 finally both the bulbs shine equally bright.
X XL  X C
(B) B1 lights up earlier and finally both the bulbs

(A)  tan1 L (B) tan1 acquire brightness.
2 R R
(C) B2 lights up earlier and finally B1 shines
 XL XL  XC 
(C)  tan1 (D) tan1  brighter than B2.
2 R R 2
(D) B1 and B2 lights up together with equal
Multiple Correct Options brightness all the time.
Q.17 A circuit element is placed in a closed
Q.20 In Fig. 23.67, a lamp P is in series with
box. At time t=0, constant current generator
supplying a current of 1 amp, is connected an iron-core inductor L.
across the box. When the switch S is
Potential difference closed, the brightness
across the box varies of the lamp rises
according to graph relatively slowly to its
shown in Fig. 23.65. Figure 23. 67
full brightness than it
The element in the Figure 23. 65 would to without the inductor. This is due to
box is:
(A) The low resistance of P
(A) Resistance of 2  (B) Battery of emf 6V
(C) Inductance of 2H (D) Capacitance of 0.5F (B) The induced-emf in L
(C) The low resistance of L
Q.18 For L-R circuit, the time constant is
(D) The high voltage of the battery B
equal to
(A) Twice the ratio of the energy stored in the Q.21 Two different coils have a self-
magnetic field to the rate of the dissipation of inductance of 8mH and 2mH. The current in
energy in the resistance one coil is increased at a constant rate. The
(B) The ratio of the energy stored in the current in the second coil is also increased at
magnetic field to the rate of the dissipation of the same instant of time. The power given to
energy in the resistance. the two coils is the same. At that time the

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Alternating Current

current, the induced voltage and the energy inductor ‘L’ by closing switch S2 and opening
stored in the first coil are I1 V1 and W1 S1.
respectively. Corresponding values for the
Q.24 Initially, the capacitor was uncharged.
second coil at the same instant are I2, V2 and
Now switch S1 is closed and S2 is kept open. If
W2 respectively . Then:
time constant of this circuit is  , then
(A) I1  1 (B) I1
4
I2 3 I2 (A) After interval  , charge on the capacitor is
CV/2
(C) W1  4 (D) V2  1
W2 V1 4 (B) After time interval 2, charge on the
Assertion and Reasoning capacitor is CV (1-e-2)
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and (C) The work done by the voltage source will be
statement-2 is correct explaining for half of the heat dissipated when the capacitor
statement-1. is fully charged.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and (D) After time interval 2, charge on the
statement-2 is not correct explaining for capacitor is CV (1-e-1)
statement-1
Q.25 After the capacitor gets fully charged,
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
s1 is opened and S2 is closed so that the
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
inductor is connected in series with the
Q.22 Statement-1: when resistance of capacitor. Then,
rheostat is increased, clockwise current is (A) At t=0, energy stored in the circuit is purely
induced in the ring. in the form of magnetic energy.
Statement-2: (B) At any time t>0, current in the circuit is in
Magnetic flux the same direction.
through the ring is (C) At t>0, there is no exchange of energy
out of the phase Figure 23. 68 between the inductor and capacitor.
and decreasing. (D) At any time t>0, instantaneous current in

the circuit is V C
Q. 23 Statement-1: Peak voltage across the L
resistance can be greater than the peak voltage
of the source in a series LCR circuit. Q.26 If the total charge stored in the LC
Statement-2: Peak voltage across the inductor circuit is Q0 then for t>=0
can be greater than the peak voltage of the
(A) The charge on the capacitor is
source in a series LCR circuit.
 t 
Q  Q0 cos   
Comprehension Type Question 2 LC 
A capacitor of capacitance C can be charged
(B) The charge on the capacitor is
(with the help of a resistance R) by a voltage
 t 
source V, by Q  Q0 cos   
closing switch s1 2 LC 
2
while keeping (C) The charge on the capacitor is Q  LC d Q
2
dt
switch s2 open.
The capacitor can (D) The charge on the capacitor is
2
be connected in 1 dQ
Figure 23. 69 Q
series with an LC dt2

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Alternating Current

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE ADVANCED

Q.27. A circuit containing a two position switch S is shown in Fig. 23.70

(a) The switch S is in two position 1. Find the potential

difference VA  VB and the rate production of joule heat in R1.

(b) If Now The switch S is put in position 2 at t=0. Find:

(i) Steady current in R4 and (ii) The time when current in R4 is

half the steady value. Also calculate the energy stored in the
inductor L at that time. (1991) Figure 23. 70

Q.28. Match the columns

You are given many resistances, capacitors and inductors. They are connected to a variable DC
voltage source (the first two circuits) or in AC voltage source of 50 Hz frequency (the next three
circuits) in difference ways as shown in column II. When a current I (steady state for DC or rms for
AC) flows through the circuit, the corresponding voltage V1 and V2 (indicated in circuits) are related
as shown in column I. (2010)

Column I Column II Column I Column II

(C)
(A) I  0,V1 is V1  0,V2  V
Proportional to I

(B) I  0,V2  V1 (D) I  0,V2 is

Proportional to I

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Alternating Current

Passage Based Problem

Passage 1 (29-31) (B) The charge on the capacitor is
The capacitor of capacitance C can be charged  t 
Q  Q0 cos   
(with the help of resistance R) by a voltage 2 LC 
source V, by 2
(C) The charge on the capacitor is Q  LC d Q
closing switch S1 2
dt
while keeping
switch S2 open. (D) The charge on the capacitor is

The capacitor 1 d2Q

Figure 23. 71
Q
can be LC dt2
connected in series with an inductor L by
closing switch S2 and opening S1. Q.32. In the circuit shown, A and B are two
cells of same emf E but different internal
Q.29. Initially, the capacitor was uncharged. resistance r1 and r2 ( r1 >r2) respectively find the
Now switch s1 is closed and S2 is kept open. If value of R such that the potential difference
time constant of this circuit is  then (2006) across the terminals of cell A is zero a long time
(A)After time interval , charge on the capacitor after the key K is closed (2004)
is CV/2
(B) After time interval2, charge on the
capacitor is CV (1-e-2)
(C) The work done by voltage source will be
half of the heat dissipated when the capacitor
is fully charged Figure 23. 72
(D) After time interval 2, charge on the
capacitor is CV (1-e-1) Q.33. In an L-R series circuit, a sinusoidal

Q.30. After capacitor gets fully charged, S1 is
opened and S2 is closed so that the inductor is
connected in series with the capacitor, then
(2006)
(A) At t=0, energy stored in the circuit is purely
in the form of magnetic energy.
(B) At any time t>0, current in the circuit is in
the same direction.
(C) At t>0, there is no exchange of energy
between the inductor and capacitor.
(D) At any time t>0, instantaneous current in
voltage V  V0 sin t is applied. It is given that
L=35 mH, R=11  ,
Vrms  220V,  / 2  50Hzand  22 / 7. Find
the amplitude of current in the steady state and
obtain the phase difference between the
current and the voltage. Also plot the variation
of current for one cycle on the given graph.
(2004)

the circuit may V C

L

Q.31. If the total charge stored in the LC circuit Figure 23. 73

is Q0 then for t  0 (2006)
(A) The charge on the capacitor is
 t 
Q  Q0 cos   
2 LC 

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Alternating Current

PLANCESS ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS

Q. 15 Q.21 Q.22 Q.23 Q.27

EXERCISE 2 JEE MAIN

Q. 1 Q.3 Q. 11 Q.12 Q.23 Q.24

EXERCISE 1 JEE ADVANCED

Q. 3 Q.4 Q.7 Q.14 Q.15 Q.16

EXERCISE 2 JEE ADVANCED

Q.2 Q.3 Q.13 Q.15 Q.27 Q.28

Q.29 Q.30 Q.31 Q.32 Q.33

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Alternating Current

ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE 1 JEE MAIN/BOARDS
V 
Q.5. Vrms   0  Q.6 No
 2

Q.7 The current lags behind the voltage by phase angel  / 2 .

1 1
Q.8 Capacitive reactance, XC  
C 2fc Figure 23. 74

Q.10 It is based up on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

Q.11 (i) By using laminated iron core, we minimize loss of energy due to eddy current.(ii) By
selecting a suitable materials for the core of a transformer, the hysteresis loss can be minimized.

Q.13 (a)  311sin314t (b) 200V, 127.4V Q.14 50Hz Q.15 (a) 318.31  (b) 0.527 A (c) 9 W

Q.16 6.124A Q. 18 (a) 2.20A, (b) 484 W Q.19 0.354A Q.20 109.5 A

Q.21 (a) 50 rad s-1, (b) 40  , 8.1A, (c) VLcms=1437.5

 1 
V, Vvcrms=1437.5V, VRms=230 VLCrms  Irms  0L  0
 0 C 

Q.22 (a) For V  V0 sin t

V0  
I sin  t   ;IfR  0
1  2
L 
C

Where- sign appears if  L >I/ C , and + sign appears if  L <I C .

I0  11.6A,Irms  8.24A

(b) VLCrms =207V, VCrms =437 V

(c) Whatever be the current I in L, actual voltage leads current by  / 2 . Therefore, average
power consumed by L is zero.

(d) For C, voltage lags by  / 2 .again average power consumed by C is zero.

(e) Total average power absorbed is zero.

Q.23 (a) Yes. The same is not true for rms voltage, because voltage across different element may
not be in phase.

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Alternating Current

(b) The high induced voltage, when the circuit is broken, is used to change the capacitor, thus
avoiding sparks, etc.

(c) For dc, impedance of L is negligible and C very high (infinite), so the D.C. signal appears across
C. For frequency ac, impedance of L is high and that of C is low. So, the A.C. signal appears across
L.

(e) A choke coil reduces voltage across the tube without wasting power. A resister would waste
power as heat.

Q.24 1.75  102 H; 5.5 Q.25 0.04H

Q.26 Resonant frequency=39.79 Hz

(a) 2000  (ii) 100  (iii) 2A (Vi) 900 (v)1800

Q.27 (i)500; (ii)8.9kW

EXERCISE 2 JEE MAIN

Q.1 B Q.2 A Q.3 C Q.4 B Q.5 C Q.6 C

Q.7 A Q.8 B Q.9 C Q.10 A Q.11 D Q.12 D

Q.13 C Q.14 A Q.15 D Q.16 A Q.17 D Q18 D

Q.19 B Q.20 A Q.21 A, B, C Q.22 D Q.23 B, D Q.24 D

Q.25 A Q.26 A Q.27 B

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE MAIN

Q.28 A Q. 29 B, C Q.30 15V

EXERCISE 1 JEE ADVANCED

LE2 1 1
Q.1 0.8 Q.2 [I]1 Q.3 Q.4 ,
2R12 15A 10A

e2  1 KLt2
Q.5 Q.6 EL Q.7 q C Q.8 20
 2H
e2 eR 2 R 2

Q.10 C  9.2 .F Q.11 6.94 A  

Q.12(i) i1  i2  10 / 3A, (ii)i 1 0,i 2 30 / 11A, iV i 1 i 2 0

Q.13 42+20t V Q.14 2A, 400W

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Alternating Current

Q.15 Z  100 , VQ  9.8 V

1
Q.16 0.2 mH, F,8  105 rad / s
32


Q.17 20A, ,  Steady state current=20sin   100t  1 
4  4

EXERCISE 2 JEE ADVANCED Figure 23. 75

Q.1 C Q.2 D Q.3 A Q.4 A Q.5 A Q.6 A

Q.7 A Q.8 B Q.9 C Q.10 B Q.11 B Q.12 D

Q.13 B Q.14 D Q.15 D Q.16 A Q.17 D Q.18 D

Q.19 A Q.20 B Q.21 B, C, D Q.22 C Q.23 D Q.24 B

Q.25 D Q.26 C

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE ADVANCED

3 4
Q.27 (a) -5v, 24.5w (b) (i) 0.6A (ii) 1.386 10 s, 4.5  10 J
Q.28 1.A  r,s,t;B  q,r,s,t;C  q,p;D  q,r,s,t;
Q.29 B
Q.30 D
Q.31 C
4
Q.32 R  (r – r )
3 1 2
Q.33 Amplitude=20A, phase difference=  / 4

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Alternating Current

SOLUTIONS
EXERCISE – 1 JEE MAIN Sol.4 As derived above,
ZR = R
Sol.1 In a resistance coil, when an alternating ZL = iωL
current is flown, there will be a magnetic field ZC = –i/ωC
generated across the coil and so there will be znet = ZR + zL + zC (Since they all are in series)
an inductance induced into the coil. Hence it Now we can write any quantity in phasor
will have more impedance compared to the notation,
one with DC current. for V = V0 cos (ωt + )
we write this quantity in phasor notation as,
Sol.2 We know that power dissipated = VI cos
V = |V| 
.
v = v0 . [is the phase angle].
R  This is very helpful for us.
cos =   power factor
Z Now for the given potential, v = v0 sin ωt
now for an ideal inductor, Z = ωL and R = 0 
v = v0 cos (ωt – )
cos = 0 2
Hence power = VI (0) = 0 
 V  V0   ........(1)
Sol.3 Impedance is the effective resistance of 2
an electric circuit or component to alternating i
we got Znet = ZR + ZL + ZC = R + i L –
current, arising from the combined effect of L
ohmic resistance and reactance.  1 
R L C Znet = R + i  L  
 C 
2
 1 
now |Znet| = R 2   L  
V = V0 cos ωt ~  C 

 1 
 L  C 
tan =  
Figure (i)  R 
 
Now let ‘i’ (iota) be the complex number,
Im
square root of –1.
Now, Impedance of resistance ‘R’ = R ZR  1 
Impedance of Inductor ‘L’ = i L ZL  L  
 C 
|z|
 i 
Impedance of capacitor ‘C’ =    ZC 
Re
 C  R
now net Impedance of the circuit (figure (i)) is
Znet = ZR + ZC + ZL With this we can write
 1  Znet  | Znet |  …… (2)
i
=R– + iL = R + i  L   Now we known that
C  C 
Im V  I  Z [V = I R]

z V v0 
x I   ; I  2
|z| Z Z 0 

 V  
Re I   0     
R  Z0  2

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Alternating Current

 Phase of voltage =  0 = zero

I = I0  –     ……(3)
 2 

Phase of current = –    
2 

Phase of voltage = – V(0)
2
Depending upon the ‘’ we can speak more
about the relation between V and I. I
 
Sol.5 Let V = V0 sin (t + ) be an ac voltage  
 2
source. Then
 
T 2 
1/2
Phase of current =   = 
  V dt  2 2
Vrms =  0 T  Hence current lags behind the voltage by an
  
  dt  angle of   .
 0  2
1/2
T 2 2  Sol.8 ω = 2f
  V0 sin (t  ) 
Now as derived in Q.4;
Vrms =  0 
 T  i i
  ZC = 
C 2fC
 
now for simplifying the calculation, Sol.9 V  V0 0 [In phasor]…..(1)
we put  = 0, and solve;
C
we get Vrms =  V0 
 2

Sol.6 No nothing is perfect. It is impossible to V = V0 cos ωt ~

make a perpetual machine.

Sol.7 Using the notation used in Q.4 and Q.5;

L i  1  
ZC =    
C  C  2
 
V = V0 cos ωt ~  Z C  | Z C |   ; for i    
 2
 
 i   
2
In phasor notation: V0 = V0  0 V V0 0
 Now I 
ZL = iL ZL = |ZL|  Z  1  
2   
 C  2
[use complex analysis in maths.]

 I  V0 C
ZL = ωL  . 2
2

I  I0  …..(2)
now we know that V  I ZL 2
V0 0 now power dissipated P  V I standard
I
 notation get familiar with this
L
2
 
V0  P = (V0  0)  I0  
I   2
L 2
 
 I  I0   P = V0 I0  0 +
2 2

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Alternating Current

 = i i2f
P = V0 I0 
2 ZL = 2f  
 2
And cos = zero
2 V
now I
Hence P = 0. Z
200 20
Sol.10 Refer to the Reading manual. I

2f
Sol.11 Conceptual. 2

Sol.12 Conceptual. I  I0  
2
Sol.13 (a) Instantaneous voltage V = V0 sin ωt 200 2
we want I0 =  0.9
now V0 is the maximum possible voltage (or 2f
amplitude) 200 2
220 V given is the RMS value of voltage f = HZ 50 Hz
2(0.9)
V
vrms = 0
2 Sol.15 V0 = Vrms . 2
V0 = (vrms) 2 100 10f
V0 = (220) ( 2)
V0 = 311 V.
And given f = 50 HZ; V = V0 cos ωt ~
ω = 2f= 2(50) = 100 
ω = 314
v = 311 sin (314 t) V0 = 100 2
(b) Given Vrms = 100 2V; ω = 2(50) = 100 
V  V  100 2 cos (100 t)  100 2  0
We know that Vrms = 0
2 ZR = R = 100 
Comparing both of them;  i  i
V0 = 200 V ZC =   = –i (318) 
 C  (100)(10  10 )
6

V = 200 sin (ωt)

Resistance of capacitor is |ZC| 318 
V = 200 sin (314 t)
now Znet = ZR + ZC
2
Now;   Znet = 100 – i (318)
T
 318 
V = 200 sin  2 t  Znet = (100)2  (318)2  tan1  
 T   100 
T /2
 2t  Znet = 334  – 72.5°
 200sin T 
 dt
V 100 20
Average = 0
= 127 V. I  = 0.42  72.5=0.527 A
T /2 Z 334  72.5
 dt
0
Pavg = Vrms Irms cos 
 0.42 
Sol.14 Let ‘f’ be the required frequency = (100)   . cos(72.5) = 29.9 cos (72.5)
 2 
ω = 2f
Pavg = 9 watt
now V = V0 cos (2ft)
we are given Vrms = 200 V Sol.16 f = 50 Hz ω = 2× 50 = 100 
V0 Irms = 5.0 A
Vrms = Imax = 5.0 2 A
2
V0 = 200 2 V Let I = 5 2 sin(100t)
1
 V  200 20 ….(1) when t  sec
300
ZL = iωL = i(ω) (1)
then

S 23.3
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Alternating Current


I = 5 2 sin = 5 2
3
 2.5 6 Irms = I0  (2.2)( 2) = 2.2 amp.
3 2 2 2
Net power over a full cycle
Sol.17 Vrms = 220
(V )2 (220)2
V0 = 2 (Vrms) = rms  = 484 watt
R 100
V0 = 220 2
ω = 2f Sol.19 V = 110 2 cos (2 (70) t)
V = 220 2 cos (2ft) 1H
V  220 2  0
V = V0 cos (ωt) C
~ 110 V ~
70 HZ

V  110 2 cos (140 t)  110 2  0…..(1)

ZL = iωL = i (140 ) = i (140 )
i 1 
ZC    [In phasor notation] |ZL| = 440 
C C 2

 1   ZL 440  ….(2)
ZC   2
 
 C  2 V 110 20
I 
V V0 0 Z 
Now I  = 440
ZC  1   2
   1 
 C  2 I 
2
2 2

I  V0 C  0 
2   1  cos  140t  
2 2   2

I  V0 C 1
2 I0 = = 0.354 amp.
 2 2
phase of current =
2 Sol.20 V = 220 2 cos (2(50) t)
Phase of voltage = 0 10 C
  A
I – v = –0=
2 2

Sol.18 V = 220 2 cos (50 (2) t) 200 V, ~

V = 220 2 cos (100 t) 50 HZ
V  220 20
R = 100 V  220 2 cos (100t)
V = 220 2  0 ……(1)
Now let ‘C’ be the capacitance of the circuit;
220 V ~ i i  1  
ZC =  =    ….(2)
50 H C 2fc  2fc  2
ZR = R = 10 Ω =10  0 ….(3)
ZR = R = 100 ZR = 100  0 Now Znet = ZR + ZC
VI Z 1
Znet = (10 + ZC) = 10 – i
I
V 220 20

2fc
Z 1000 2
 1 
I  2.2 20 | Znet |  (10)2   
 2fc 
I = (2.2) 2 cos (100t)
now I0 = (2.2) 2

S 23.4
www.plancess.com
Alternating Current

 1  w 50 25 ~ 8HZ
f=  
  2fc   1  2 2 
tan =      Z  40  i(0)  40
 R   2fcR 
   Z = 40 < 0 (2)
= tan–1  1  V
  Now from (1) and (2), I 
 2fRC  Z
 1  230 20 23 2
 Z  (10)  (XC )  tan 
2 2 1 I  0
 ….(4) 400 4
 2fRC 
23 2
Now V  IZ I cos (50t)
4
V
I I = 8.13 cos (50 t)
Z
Now potential drop across;
220 2  1  (a) Resistance:
I 0  tan1  
100  X  2fRC 
 
2
C V = – IR
Now I0 = 220 22 V = – (813  0) (40)
100  X C
V  3250
I0 220
Irms =  V = – 325 cos (50 t)
2 100  X2C 325
Vrms =  230
Irms = 2A (Given) 2
220 (b) Inductance:
2 =
 
100  X2C
 
V   IZL = – (8.13  0)  50  5 
 2
100  X2C  (110)2
XC = 109.54.  
V    2033    (x1)
1  2
Sol.21 Z  ZR  ZL  Z C = 40 + iωL –  
C  
V   2033cos  50t   
  2 
 1 
Z  40  i  L   (c) Capacitor :
 C 
Now condition for resonance is Imaginary part
 
V   I Zc
of Impedance is zero   1  
VC = –  8.130     
R = 40 5 H 80 F   50  80  10
6
2 
 8.13 
VC     
230 V, ~ 50  80  10
6
2
ω  
VC   2033    (x2)
 2
V = 230 2 cos(t) VC = – 2033cos  50t   
  2 
V  230 2  0  (1) Now from equations (x1) and (x2)
1 we get VL + VC = 0.
ωL – =0
C Study more effectively on Resonance
1 1 conditions.
ω2 = , ωC =
LC LC
1 1 Sol.22 ZL = iωL = i (100 ) (80 × 10–3)
ω= 
5  80  106 20  103
1000
 = 50 rad/s
20

S 23.5
www.plancess.com
Alternating Current

80 mH 60 F 290
VLO = 290; V 
LO rms 
2
 205V

(b) Capacitor
230 V, ~     500 
50 Hz VC  I    Z  = 11.6 2   2   2 
C

11.6  500
V  230 2 cos(2(50)t) VC = 0
3
V  230 2 cos(100t) VC = 616  0 (x2)
VC = 616 cos (100 t + 0)
V  230 2  0 616
(VC)O = 616 (VC)rms= =4
ZL = i (8) 2
Sol.35 4 V
ZL 8<  (1) Power transferred to Inductor
2
i i 500i
   I  = (290 < )
= VL
ZC   
C 100  60  10 6
3  
 11.6  From X  (1) and (4)
Z C  500    (2)  2
3 2 3
= (290 × Sol.11 6) 
Znet  ZL  Z C = 8i – 500i 2
3 3
= 290 × Sol.11 6 cos  
 500   2 
Znet   8  i
 3  = zero
Z net = – 28 i Similarly zero for the capacitor to.
Total power absorbed by the circuit is

 Z net = 28  
   I  = 230 
(3)  
2 P V 2  0  11.6  
 2
now V  I Z net
V 
P = 230 2  11.6   
2
I
Znet 

P = 230 2  11.6 cos  2
 I  230 20 P = zero

28 
2 Sol.23 Explained in the key.
230 2 
I  Sol.24 Initially
28 2
 XL = 22 at f1 = 200 HZ
I = Sol.11 6  (4)
2 [ω1 = 2× 200]

I = Sol.11 6 cos  100t   (XL)A =  1L = 22
 2 2× 200 L = 22 (1)
11.6 22
I0 = Sol.11 6 and Irms = = 8.2 amp L = 1.75 × 10–2 H and finally;
2 400
Potential drop across;
f2 = 50 HZ
(a) Inductor;
    22 2 (50)
VL = I . ZL =  11.6   8 
 2   X2 = ω2L (2)
VL = (11 6 × 8) <  (1) x 2  200  L
 1 
(2) x2 2  50  L
VL = 290  (x1)
x1
VL = 290 cos (100 t + ) 4
x2

S 23.6
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Alternating Current

x1 22 90 8kW
x2   = 5.5 ohm. 
4 4 100 Pi

Sol.25 Resistance of the lamp 8  100

Pi = kW
220 V 90
= = 22 ohm. 80
10 Pi = kW
Let ‘L’ be the Inductance of the lamp; 9
XL = ωL = (100 ) L Pi = 8.9 kW.
Z net = 22 + i (100 L) i
Sol.28 XL = L ; XC =
C
 100L 
Znet  (22)2  (100L)2  tan1   now as  is increased, both XL and XC increase.
 22 
Now Sol.29 XL = ωL
V 250 20
x1 1
I = 
Znet  100L  x2 2
(22)2  (100L)2  tan1  
 22  2
x2  .x
250 2  100L  1 1
I   tan1  
484  (100L)2  22  x2 = 2x
 1 
250 2 I0 xc =  
I0 = and Irms =
484  (100L)2 2  C 
x1 w x1 
Irms = 250  2  x 2   
484  (100L)2
x2 w1 2

Put we are given that Irms = 10 A; Phasor method :-

250 Let V = V0 cos (ωt + 1) be the emf of an AC-
 10 
484  (100 L)2 source, then can write this is phasor method
as,
484 + (100 L)2 = 625
100 L = 141 V = |V|  1  V = V0  1
now for I = I0 cos (  t + 2)
141
L  I = I0  2
100
11.9 now let Impedance (Z) ;
L
100  ZResistance  R
L = 0.04 H. i
Z capacitor 
Sol.26 Current drawn in circuit is maximum C
when the circuit is in Resonance i.e. the (i is iota; complex number)
Imaginary part of the circuit is zero. Z inductor  iL
Now solve this question exactly as solved in Q. Now in a circuit with series RCL;
21.
Znet  ZR  Z C  ZL = R  i  iL
VS NS C
Sol.27 
VP NP  1 
Znet  R  i  L    (1)
220 NS  C 

2200 5000 now let us write this in phasor notation,
NS = 500 turns.
Znet  | Znet |  
n (efficiency) = Output power
Imput power  1 
2

| Znet |  R 2   L  
8 kW   C
x
Pi

S 23.7
www.plancess.com
Alternating Current

 1 
 L  
= tan–1  C 
 R 
 
 
 1 
2  L  
 1   C
  tan 
1
 Znet  R 2   L 
 C  R 
 
 
Now for a source of emf V = V0 cos (ωt + 1)
Img

 1 
 L  
 C  | Znet |


Re
R

 V = V0 < 1
V V0 1
I 
Znet  1 
 L  
| Znet |  tan1  C 
 R 
 
 
 1 
 L  
I = V0  1 – tan–1  C 
| Znet |  R 
 
 
I0
for resonance, imaginary part in eq. (1) is zero!

S 23.8
www.plancess.com
Alternating Current

EXERCISE – 2 JEE MAIN

Sol.1 Emf 10
induced in rod = BLv
10
A D

2  3
10 
R 10V 10V
B C i  = 2 amp.
Rnet 5
 Difference = (2 – 1) amp= 1 amp.
i1 i2
Sol.4 T1 (time constant) during build up
i L 
=  
2 1  2R 
3
L 
T2 during decay =  
(1) E (2)  3R 
T 3
 1 
E = (0.1) (0.1) 1 T2 2
E = 10–2 V
di
now applying KVL in mesh (1) Sol.5 Energy stored per unit time = Li
dt
E – i (1) – i1 (2) = 0
= 2 (2) (4) = 16 J/s.
E = i + 2i1 (1)
is mesh-(2); di
E – i (1) – 3i2 = 0 Sol.6 i = 2 amp = 4 amp/s.
dt
E = i + 3i2 (2) applying KVL,
i = i1 + i2 (3) 4V
1
from this we get i  A.
220
1
Sol.2 For an L–R circuit,
L
T (time constant) =  
R  1H 3F
1
now energy stored in magnetic field is LI2 di Q
2 4 – i (1) – L  0
2
and rate of dissipation of energy is I R. dt C
Q
4 – 2 (1) – 1 (4) – 0
Sol.3 At t = 0, inductor is open circuited C
At t = , inductor is short circuited Q=–2×3
At t = 0, Q = 6C.
10V
Rt
 
Sol.7 i  i0  1  e L

10  
6V R L

10
10
i  1 amp 6v
10 i0   0.6
at t =  10

S 23.9
www.plancess.com
Alternating Current

 10t
 = –5 – 15 + 5 (+10-3) × 103
i  0.6  1  e 5  [i is decreasing against the direction of KVL.
  di
i = 0.6 (1 – e–2t) Hence = 103].
dt
put t = n 2
VA – VB = – 5 – 15 + 5

i  0.6 1  e2 n 2
 VA – VB = –15 V

i  0.6 1  e 
1
n2
Sol.10 at t = 0, inductor is open circuited,
1 at t = , it is short circuited

i  0.6  1   at t = 0,
 2
1
i  0.6  
2
i = 0.3 amp
10 20
di
Emf across coil = L
dt
di
= i0 (– (–2) e–2t) 2V
dt
2V
di i
= 2 i0 e–2t R net
dt
2
Emf = 2L (0.6) e–2t i1 
E = 6 e–2t 10  20
E = 6 e2 n 2 2 1
i1   amp.
n21 30 15
E= 6 e finally; at t = 
1
E=6× E = 3V
2

Sol.8 i = 5 amp
di 10 20
= –103 A/S
dt
[Since decreasing; –ve sign]
1 2V
5mH 
2V
A i B i2 
15V R net
di 2
VA – i(1) + 15 – L = VB i2  amp
dt 20
di 1
VA – VB = i – 15 + L i2  amp.
dt 10
VA – VB = 5 – 15 + 5 × 10–3 (–10+3)
Sol.11 At t = 0, no current flows in the circuit.
VA – VB = 5 – 15 – 5 fuse L=4H
VA – VB = –15 V

Sol.9. When ‘i’ is reversed,

s
1 5mH
A B
15V
di 2V
VA + i (1) + 15 – L   = VB
 dt  As time starts, current starts flowing and at t =
di , current in the circuit is infinity.
VA – VB = –i – 15 + L
dt

S 23.10
www.plancess.com
Alternating Current

Hence at t = 10, i so the fuse will get Im

blown [Infinity is just an unknown number !]
z
Sol.12 Just before the switch is opened, let us (XC – XL)
find the currents, 
L B i2 R
R
A
i1 1
cos =
2
12 V R1 R2 
  
4
| X C  XL |
l V tan =
i 2 R
Rnet
|XC – XL| = R
 R R  48 8 XL = ωL = (0.1) (100)
Rnet   1 2    
 R1  RL  12 3 XL = 10 .
12 |XC – XL| = R
i 1
8 = R + XL
C
3
C= 1
9
i amp. (R  XL )
2
1
Now just at the instant switch is opened, i C=
100(20)
would remain same
1
L B C =  10 3
A 2
C = 500 F.
12 V R2 1
Sol.14 ZL = iωL = × 100 = i 100 
R1

1
H
9  100 C
 VR  i R1 =  4
1
2
VR1  18V
now applying KVL;
12 + (VB – VA) – 18 = 0
VB – VA = 6 V.
~
Sol.13 Power factor, V  220 2 cos(100t) 
 R 
cos =   Z R = 100 
 (X C  XL )2  R 2 
i i
V=2sin (100t) ZC  
C 100C
~
Znet  ZR  ZL  Z C
i
Z net = 100 + i (100) –
100 C
10 0.1H 2
 1 
Znet  (100)2   100  
C  100 C 

S 23.11
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Alternating Current

 1  174
100  L
 100C  100 
 tan 
1

 100  L = 0.55 H.
 
Sol.16 I = I0 + I1 sin  t
V 220 2 T
I 
I dt
2
Z  1 
2
2
(100)2   100   I 2
rms
 O
T
 100C  T

1 
 dt
 O
 100  100C  T

 (I  I12 sin2 t  2I0 I1 sin t)dt

2
 –tan–1  
 100  O
0

  = T

irms 
220  dt
2
2.2 O

 1  I12 T
(100)   100 
2
 I T2
0
 100C  0
2
Irms
2

220 1 
2 T

 (100)2   100  
2.2  100C  I12
Irms  I02 
1 
2
2
(100)2 = 1002 +  100  
 100C 
  1
1 Sol.17  t ;  100 t ; t  s.
 100  =0 4 4 400
100 C
 1  Sol.18 for LR circuit;
XC = – 100  XC    
 C  cos 1 =  R1
  0.6 (1)
 R2  X2 
now power factor;  = tan–1  XC   1 L 

 R  for CR circuit;
100 
–1   R2
 = tan   cos 2 =    0.5 (2)
 100   R2  X2 
 2 C 

 now when L, C, R of two circuits are joined;
4
 
R1  R 2
 1
power factor; cos = cos    cos =  
 (R  R )2  (X  X )2 
4 2  1 2 C L 
Given that cos = 1
Sol.15 For 100 V D.C. source, i =1 amp.
100 XC = XL = X
Hence, R   100  XL 
1 tan 1 =  
now for AC source of 100 V  R1 
100  XC 
i
Znet tan 2 =  
1 100  R2 

2 Znet tan 1 XL R2  R2 
 .  
Z net  200 tan 2 R1 XC  R1 
4
Znet  R 2  XL2 tan 1 =
3
R2 + X L2 = (200)2 tan 2 = 3
2 2
X L2 = (200) – (100)  R1  3 3
XL = 174  R2 4

 L = 174 (*) Don’t run to catch cos .

Use tan and simplify!

S 23.12
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Alternating Current

1 
Sol.19 i = 2 sin 100 t + 2 sin (100 t + 30°) follow magnetic field energy  LI  and
2

It is similar to superimposition of two vectors 2 

with an angle of 30° in between them 2
power delivered (I R) is also zero.
inet = i0 sin (100 t + ) di 
EMF induced is  L  . Hence there is a finite
i0  22  22  2(2)(2)cos(30)  dt 
value.
i0 = 88 3
Sol.23 At time t = 0, capacitor is short
i0  2 2  3 circuited,
Phase diagram will be shown as Inductor is open circuited.
At t = , capacitor is open circuited,
i2 = 2 sin (100t + 30°) Inductor is short circuited.
Hence both the options follow from this.
ieffective
diB dA
/3 Sol.24 M. 
 dt dt
i1 = 2 sin 100t i A
M B 
t t
A
Sol.20 We can speak on nature by observing iB =
M
the phase of final Impedance. If the phase of 4
Impedance is negative then it is capacitive, IB 
2
else it is inductive. IB = 2A
 ' =   1
B i
2 2 LC M A
t t
 ZR  R B  2(1) = 2
ZL = iL = i . 1 .L i 1 L But given the values of 4 weber.
2 LC 2 C
Hence options D isn’t true.
i i L
ZC    2i Assertion – Reason:
C 1 C
.C Sol.25 When circuit is suddenly switched off,
2 LC
there will be a change in current, and it will
3i L 3i L lead to induced EMF.
 ZL  ZC   ; Znet  R 
2 C 2 C di
|E| = L
 3i L  dt
Znet  Z 0  tan1   now for large ‘L’, E is also high.
 2R R 
 
-ve phase Comprehension Type:
Hence capacitive. Passage-I
L R
Multiple Correct Questions:
L
Sol.21 RC and will have the dimensions of
R
~
1 R
time and hence and will have
RC L
dimensions of frequency.
V = V0 cos  t
Sol.22 When just after battery is connected, Z net = R + i  L
current is zero in the circuit, and hence will

S 23.13
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Alternating Current

| Znet |  R2  2L2 ;  X 
VR = 4 cos  t  tan1  L  

 L   R 
Znet  | Znet |  tan1    X 
R  VL = 3   tan1  L 
2 R 
V V0 0
I    X 
Z  L  VL = 3 cos  t   tan1  L  
 2
| Znet |  tan1    R 
 R 
1 X L
 
V  L  VL 3 sin  t  tan 
I   tan1    R 
| Znet | R 
Given VR = 2
Now potential difference across resistance,
 X 
VR = i  ZR 2 = 4 cos  t  tan1  L  

 R 
 V 1  L 

=  0   tan    R0  1  X 
 cos  t  tan1  L
 | Znet |  R  2   
 R 
V0 R  L  X 
VR    tan1     t – tan–1  L   (X1)
| Znet | R  R  3
V0R 
now VL = 3 sin   ; VL = 3 sin 60° =
3 3
(VR)max = 4 volts (given) (1) 2
R2  XL2 3

V    i  Z 
L L Sol.26 Vsource = VL + VR =
3 3
2
2
 V X   
=  0   tan1  L   L  43 3
Vsource =
 | Znet | R    2 2
 V0 XL
 X  Sol.27 Now since the current decreasing
 V   
L
  tan1  L
2

 R  XL
2 2
R   VL increases and hence magnitude across the
ac source increases.
V0 XL
(VL )max  3 V (2)
R2  XL2
(1) R 4
 
(2) XL 3
R 4 3R
   XL  (3)
XL 3 4
9R 2 25R 2
R 2  XL2  R 2  
16 16
5R
R 2  XL2  (4)
4
In equation (1)
V0R V0R
 4; 4
R X2 2 5R
L
4
V0 = 1 V
you can just start from here if you understand
how I wrote them
X 
VR  4  tan1  L 
R 

S 23.14
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Alternating Current

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE MAIN


Sol.28 As the current i leads the emf e by , it
4
is an R–C circuit.
1
XC
or tan = C  CR = 1

tan  =
R 4 R
As  = 100 rad/s
1 –1
The product of C–R should be s
100
Correct answer is (a)

2
2 1 
Sol.29 Z = R  2
X C2 = R  
 C 
In case (b) capacitance C will be more.
Therefore, impedance Z will be less. Hence,
current will be more.
Option (b) is correct.
Further,
Vc = V 2 – VR2

= V2 – (IR)2
In case (b), since current I is more.
Therefore, Vc will be less.
Option (c) is correct
Correct option are (b) and (c)
dI
Sol.30 = 103 A/s
dt
I
A B
1 15 V 5 mH
di
Induced emf across inductance, |e| = L
dt
|e| = (5 × 10–3) (103) V = 5 V
Since, the current is decreasing, the polarity of
this emf would be so as to increase the existing
current. The circuit can be redrawn as
I = 5A
A B
1 15 V 5 mH
Now VA – 5 + 15 + 5 = VB
VA – VB = – 15 V
or VB – VA = 15 V

S 23.15
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Alternating Current

EXERCISE – 1 JEE ADVANCED

Sol.1 At t = 0, we can replace the inductor by 1
= L [I at t = ]2
open circuit and at t = , the inductor can be 2
short circuited E
at t = 0, It    
 R1 
6 2
1  E 
E = L  
2  R1 
10 4 4
E = LE 2
2

2R 1
now this is the total heat produced in R2.
10
i1  = 1 amp. Sol.4 This is similar to the Questions 1
10
(Ex. I).
at t = ,
At t = 0; Inductor is open circuited,
6
At t = , Inductor is short circuited.
At t = 0;
10 4 4

10 10 10
i2   amp.
Reff 8 20
i1 1 8
  = 0.8 amp
i2 10 10 2V
8 2
I
L Rnet
Sol.2 2
RCV I1 
L L 10  20
V = IR  
RC(IR) R(RC)I 2
I1  amp. (1)
Now {RC} = time constant in RC circuit 30
L at t = ,
 [RC] = [T] and   = time constant in LR
R
 
 L
circuit    = [T]
R 
  L   [T]  [I]1 . 10
 
 RCV  [T] [I] 20
Sol.3 Let us calculate the total energy stored
in the inductor before switch is shifted. 2 
R2 Here the resistor 10 is shorted.
2 2 1
I2    amp.
Rnet 20 10
L
Sol 5. Let us now derive the current in the
circuit as a function of time

E R1
1 2
Energy stored in inductor = LI
2

S 23.16
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Alternating Current

R=10 L=5 L
one time constant  t   
R 
i L i0L
V
 q  i0 . 
R R
 1  e1 

i0L i0L  1
q=  1  
R R  e
at time t = t; current = i amp; i0L
q=
using KVL; Re
di VL
V – iR – L  0 q= 2
dt R e
di
V – iR = L Sol.7 Given mutual inductance between coils
dt
=M
1 di
dt = And I1 = kt2
L V  iR
dI
Integrating; EMF induced in second coil = L = L [2kt]
t i
dt
1 di E = 2kLt
L0 dt  
i0
V  iR E  2kL 
Current in the coil II is  t

i = i0 1  e
Rt /L
 dq
R  R 

At t = 0, i = zero i=
dt
At t = , i = i0 = constant t
now R = 10, L = 5 q  i dt

i = i0 1  e
2t
 t 0

q=  2KL 
at t = 1 sec   R 
 t dt
i = i0 (1 – e–2) t
 2KL  t
2
i
 (1  e2 ) q .
i0  R  20
 i  e2  1 2KL 2
  2 q
2R
t 
 i0  e
KLt2 KLt2
q C q C
Sol.6 i = i0 (1 – e–Rt/L) R R
dq
i q =  i dt Sol.8 Power factor is cos (θ)
dt
Rt Img
 
q   i0  1  e L  dt
 
|XL+XC|
t RT

q  i0  1  e L
 dt
t0 
t 
  L  Rt  Re
q = i0 t     e L  R
  R 0
Given that cos = 1  = 0
 L Rt  L 
q = i0 t  e L   0    |XL + XC| = 0 XL = – XC
 R  R  XL =  L
 L Rt
 1 1
q = i0  t   1  e L   XL =   L =
 R  C C
1 1
i0L  Rt   = L = 2
q  i 0t  1  e  LC C
R  L 
 = 2(50) = 100 

S 23.17
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Alternating Current

1 20 S1
L=   2H.
(100)2 C 2
40 S2
Sol.9 We know that VR and VL will have a 100 V

phase difference of . 10
2
Vnet  VR2  VC2  162  122  20V.
1H
Sol.10 Resistance of Lamp = R
 V2   100  100  i  10 1  e10t  (1)
R    200
 P   50  now at t = 0.1 n 2, S2 is open;
Maximum current the lamp can sustain,
P 40
imax = max 100 V
V
50 1
imax   amp. 10
100 2
Now in the given conditions;
1H
(200 V, 50 HZ )
200V
i = 1 amp which is greater than 0.5 100
200 inew =
50
1  e50t 
amp. Hence we need to increase the
Impedance by using a capacitor of
inew  2 1  e50t  (2)
capacitance ‘C’. Such that ‘ I’ will be equal to But this equation; at t’ = 0, we get inew = 0
1 But this is not true; Since there is a current
amp.
2 flowing in the circuit at that instant.
2 Also t’ = 0 t = 0.1 n 2 sec.
 Z  R 2   1 
 
 C  t’ = t – 0.1 n2
200 inew = i0 1  e
50(t 0.1 n2)
 ; t 0.1 n 2 (3)
I= 2
 1  100
R2    i0   2 amp.
 100  50
1 using equation (3)
I amp  1  200
2 2 2 at time t = 0.1 n 2, i = 0
 1 
R2    But this is not true, since there is a current
 C 
2
flowing in the circuit guided by the equation,
 1  i = 10 (1 – e–10t) [eq. (1)]
R2 +    (400)
2

 C  now at t = 0.1 n 2

 
2
 1  i  10 1  e10 (0.1) n2
(200)2 +    (400)
2

 C  1

i  10  1  
 = 2(50) = 100   2
solving this will give the value of ‘C’. i = 5 amp.
10t inew = 5 + 2 1  e50(t 0.1 n2)


100  
Sol.11 i   1  e e

10   At time t = 0.2 n2
inew = 5 + 2 1  e50(0.1 n2)
 = 5 + 2 1  e n 2 
5

  
 1
=5 + 2 1  
 25 

S 23.18
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Alternating Current

31 20
inew = 5 + 2   10 A 30 i3 
 32  11
B
 31  i2
inew =  5   amp. = 6.94 amp.
 16  20

Sol.12 After switch is closed;

(i) t = 0; open circuiting the inductor; C
D
100 10
i1  i2   amp. 20
30 3 Hence the current in loop ABCD will be
11
10 i1 30
amp.
i2 And this current will start decaying to zero
At t = , i = zero.
100 V 20
Sol.13 Applying KVL;
R i(t)
(ii) now at t = ;
inductor is short circuited,
10 i1 30 E L

i2
100 20 di
E – i (t) R – L 0
dt
i(t) = 3 + 5t
100 di
i1 = =5
R net dt
100 50 E = R i(t) + L(5)
i1 =  amp
22 11 E = 4(3 + 5t) + 5(6)
10 i1 i3 30 E = 42 + 20t

i2 Sol.14 now when capacitance is removed;

R L C
100 20

200 V, ~
and i1 = i2 + i3 300 rad/s.
2i2 = 3i3
2i
i3 = 2
3
V  200 2 cos(300t)
2i
i1 = i2 + 2
3 V  200 20
5i2
i1 = Znet  ZR  ZL
3
3 3 50 30 Znet  R  iL
i2 = i1=    amp.
5 5  11  11
20  L 
i3  amp. Znet  R22L2  tan1  
11 R 
(iii)Now when switch is open V
(a) Immediately after that, current through I
Znet
inductor will be same as just before

S 23.19
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Alternating Current

200 20  200 2   2 2 

I =    
 L   2   2 
R 2  2L2  tan1  
 R  Pavg = 400 W.
200 2  L  Sol.15 Maximum current flows when the
I   tan1  
R2  2L2  R  circuit is in resonance
Now given that current lags behind voltage by P Q
60°, L R
 L 
tan–1    60 1F 32 4.9 H 68
R 
L ~
  3 XL = R 3 (x1)
R
R 3
L

V  10 2 cos( t)
100 3
L
300 V  10 20
1
L H. 1
3 i.e. ω =
LC
Now when the inductance is removed;
1
By intuition we can say that 
1  10  4.9  103
6
X  
tan–1  C   1
R  3 
49  1010
XC
 3 1
R   105 rad/s.
7
XC  3R (x2)
Impedance of Box P is (32)2  (X C )2
1
R 3
C 1 1
XC   = –70
1 C 1
C  10  10
5 6

R 3 7
1  ZP  (32)2  (70)2
C
100. 3 (300)
100 | ZP | = 77 ohm,
C F
3 3 And Impedance of Coil Q is (68)2  (XL )2
now when all together are present 1
Znet  ZR  ZL  Z C XL =  L= × 105 × 4.9 × 10–3
7
= 100  iR 3  iR 3 XL = 70 
[From X1 and X2] Impedance = (68)2  (70)2
Z net  100 | ZQ | = 98 
Znet  1000 Z net = 32 – 70 i + 68 + 70 i
V 200 20 Z net = 100 
I 
Znet 1000
10 2
I  2 20 I 0
100
power = VI
2
= (200 2) (2 2)cos(0) I 0
10
P = 800 W
Pavg = Vrms . Irms
Voltage across P; VP = (Irms) | ZP |  

S 23.20
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Alternating Current

 2
 
 10  . (77) |XL–XC|
=
2
VP = 7.7 V
1 

Voltage across Q; VQ = (Irms) | ZP | =  10
(98)
R
VQ = 9.8 V. 
now at  
4
Sol.16 r = 4 × 105 rad/s.
1
Given Va – Vb = 60 V |XL – XC| = R; L  =R
C
and Vb – VC = 40 V
2L  1
120 R; 
2
L – ωCR – 1 = 0
d C
a b c solving this would give us
ω = 8 × 105 rad/s.
~
Sol.17 V  220 2 sin (100 t)
V  220 20
we know that during resonance, Znet  ZL  ZR = i (100 × 35 × 10–3) + 11
VL + VC = 0
VC = – 40 V Vc – Vd = – 40V Z net = 11 i + 11
(Va – Vb) = irms R  11 
Znet  112  112  tan1  
60 = irms . 120
 11 
1
irms = amp. 
2 Znet  11 2
4
Now, Vb – VC = (irms) . ZL V 220 20 ; 
I  I  20 
40 = (irms) . ( ZL ) Z  4
11 2
4
40 40
ZL =   80 
I = 20 sin  100t  
irms 1  4
2
 L = 80
(4 × 105) L = 80; L = 0.2 mH
now Vc – Vd = – 40
i.e. irms . Z c   40

Z c  80 ; 1  80
C
1 1
C= ; C=
80 80  4  105
1
C= F.
32
tan =  | XL  XC | 
 R 

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Alternating Current

EXERCISE – 2 JEE ADVANCED

Sol.1 Current is induced by varying magnetic L
Sol.5 We know that RC and will have
flux. Here there is no such phenomena as flux R
linked with the coil is zero. Hence induced 1 R
dimensions of time. Hence and will
current is zero. RC L
have dimensions of frequency.
Sol.2 Current i2 is constant and positive i.e.
from ‘c’ to ‘d’ have i1 has to be from ‘b‘ to ‘a’. Sol.6 Refer to Questions – 3 (Ex – I JEE
Hence negative Advanced)
1 2
t Sol.7 LI  32J (1)
2
i1 I2R = 320(2)
di (1) L 2  32
L  
(2) R 320
Also i2  dt
RL L
   0.2s.
di R
  constant
dt
1 2
Hence i1 vs t is as shown. Sol.9 LI = U
2
di I2R = P
Sol 3. Emf induced across inductor = L
dt L 2U
T 
 Rt
  R P
i = i0  1  e L

  Sol.10 Let Z A be the Impedance of element A,
di   R   Rt 
 i0      e L  and Z B be that of element B.
dt   L 
Initially; when R is connected to A;
di i0R   RtL 
 e  Z net = R + Z A .
dt L  
1 Z
Rt  
 Znet  Z A  R  tan  A 
 2 2
e = i0R . e L
(1)
Rt
 R 

i = i0 – i0 e L V
i
e Z
i  i0 
R V Z 
i   tan1  A 
e Z 2A  R 2  R 
 i  i0
R
Given that current is lagging behind voltage
e = R (–i + i0) [y = –mx + c]
by angle ‘1’
Hence graph A.
Z 
di tan–1  A  = 1 (1)
Sol.4 Self-induction Emf = –L  R 
dt
When R is connected to B
di1 di2
 Z 
dt dt Z  ZB2  R 2  tan1  B 
di1 di R 
– >– 2
dt dt V Z 
i   tan1  B 
E1 > E2. Z R
2 2
R 
B

Given that current leads voltage by ‘2’

S 23.22
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Alternating Current

Z  P1 1
 . 5
2 = –tan–1  B  (2) P2 10
R 
P2
Using same method, when R, A, B are  2
P1
connected,
 Z  ZB  Sol.15 Znet  ZL  Z C
= –tan–1  A  (3)
 R  L C
tan (– ) = tan (–2) + tan 1
tan = tan 2 – tan 1

Sol.11 Resonance is a condition of maximum

power
Hence cos = 1. ~
V  V0 cos t
Sol.13 In calculating the rms value, we square
each value.  i 
Znet  iL   
 C 
 1 
Znet  i  L  
 C 
2
 1  
A Znet   L   
  C  2
Hence both A and B have same square value
at every point. V V0 
i  
Znet 2 2
 1 
  L  
 C 
VL  i ZL
B
Hence irms A = irmsB  
 
Here we have every value greater than that of  V0   
Irms in graph A or graph B. VL     L 
  2 2  2
1 
  L   
  C  
 
 
VL  V1 
2 2
(irms)C > IA = IB. VC  i ZC
Sol.14 Initially in LR circuit;  
VC  V1  
 R   R  2 2
cos θ=    cos 1 =  
 2 2 
 R 10 
 R  9R    
VC  V1     
1
P1 = 2 2 
10
Hence phase difference between VL and VC
Now finally 
XL – XC = 3R – R = 2R will be and between VL and I will be  .
2
 R  Graph D satisfies all the conditions.
cos 2   
 R  4R 
2 2
Sol.16 Let us consider mesh (1);
1
P2 
5

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Alternating Current

XC
L
Sol.18 Time constant    
i1 R 
(1)
~
1 2
Energy stored in magnetic field = LI
i2 (2) 2
Power dissipated in resistor = I2R
XL R 1 2 
 2 LI 
V  V0  0  2  2   
 IR 
1   
Z1  Z C  
C 2
V V 0 Sol.19 At t = 0;
i1   0

Z1 1  B1

C 2
 B2
i1  V0 C (1)
2 i2
now in mesh – II;
Z 2 = ZR  ZL = R + i  L
At t = ;
 L  i R
Z2  R  (L)  tan  
2 2 1

R  B1
V V0 R
i2  
Z2  L  B2
R 2  (L)2  tan1   i
 R  2i i2
 L 
i2  i10   tan1  
R  Hence B2 lights up early; but finally both B1
Phase difference between i1 and and B2 shine with equal brightness.
  L   X 
i1 L i2
i2   tan1   =  tan1  L 
2 R  2 R  Sol.20
i2 i2i
Sol.17 Using intuition;
Let us go for capacitance in the box
(1) (2)
Q = CV
Just after switch is closed, Inductor tries to
dq dv
C oppose the current ‘i1’. Hence i1 < i2. As time
dt dt
goes on, the opposition given by inductor
dq
given i  = constant reduces.
dt This opposition is due to the induced EMF in
dv
 = constant ‘L’.
dt
graph looks like a straight line. di1
Sol.21 Emf induced in coil 1 = L1
dv dt
iC
dt di
E2  L 2 2
82 dt
slope of the graph = 2
3 di1 di2
Given that 
 i = 2C = 1 amp dt dt
E1 L1
1   4
C E2 L 2
2
C = 0.5 C.

S 23.24
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Alternating Current

V2 1 this will lead to (VL)max > Vmax.

 
V1 4 Sol.25 Now when S1 is opened and S2 is closed
And also given that power given to the two
coils is same,
Vi i1 = V2 i2 CV – +CV
i1 V2
 L
i2 V1
i1 1 at t = 0; energy stored is purely in capacitor. In
 
i2 4 this type of circuits, charge and current will be
1 in the form of sin or cos. Thus oscillatory.
W1 = L1 I12
2  1  ; Q = CV
q  Q0 cos  t 0
1  LC 
W2 = L 2 I22
2 1
i Q0 sin  t
W1  L1   I1 
2
LC
    Q0 CV C
W2  L 2   I2  i  V
2
LC LC L
W1  8   1  Hence option D.
  
W2  2   4 
W1 1 Sol.26 q  Q0 cos  1 t 
  .  LC 
W2 4 dq Q0  1 
 sin  t
dt LC  LC 
Sol.22 Magnetic field is into the page d2q Q0  1 
 cos  t
dt 2
LC  LC 
d2q 1
  q,
dt 2
LC
Hence option ‘C’.

As resistance is increasing, current decreases

magnetic field decreases.
Hence there will b e a clockwise current in the
ring.

Sol.23 In an LCR circuit,

| Z |  R 2  (XL  X C )2
Vmax
imax =
R2  (XL  XC )2
R . Vmax
(VR)max = ;
R2  (XL  XC )2
L. Vmax
(VL )max 
R 2  (XL  X C )2
Now (VR)max = Vmax; at resonance condition, (XL
– XC = 0),
now for (VL)max; we can set conditions,
(a) R  0 and (b) XL = XC;

S 23.25
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Alternating Current

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS JEE ADVANCED

Sol.27 (a) In steady state no current will flow Sol.28 In circuit (p): I can't be
through capacitor. Applying Kirchhoff's second non-zero in steady state.
law in loop 1: In circuit (q):
2 F V1 = 0 and V2 = 2I = V (also)
2 i2 In circuit (r) : V1 = XLI = (2fL)I
= (2 × 50 × 6 × 10–3)I = 1.88 I
V2 = 2I
i2 1 In circuit (s): V1 = XLI = 1.88 I
1
2 12 V V2 = XC I =  1 
2fC 
i1 –i2 i1
=  1  = I = (1061) I
i1 –6 
i1 2  2  50  3  10 
In circuit (t) :
A 3V B V1 = IR = (1000)I
2
V2 = XC I = (1061) I
3 Therefore the correct options are as under
10  (A)  r, s, t (B)  q, r, s, t
(C)  q or p, q (D)  q, r, s, t
– 2i2 + 2(i1 – i2) + 12 = 0
2i1 – 4i2 = – 12 Sol.29 Charge on capacitor at time t is
or i1 – 2i2 = – 6…(i) q = q0 (1 – e–t/
Applying Kirchhoff's second law in loop 2: Here q0 = CV & t = 2
– 12 – 2(i1 – i2) + 3 – 2i1 = 0 Here q0 = CV(1 – e–2/) = CV (1 – e–2)
4i1 – 2i2 = – 9 …(ii)
Sol.30 From conservation of energy,
Solving Equations (i) and (ii), we get
1 2 1
i2 = 2.5 A and i1 = – 1A LImax = CV 2 lmax = V C
2 2 L
Now, VA + 3 – 2i1 = VB
or VA – VB = 2i1 – 3 Sol.31 Comparing the LC oscillations with
= 2 (–1) – 3 = – 5V normal SHM, we get
PR = (i1 – i2)2 R1 = (– 1 – 2.5)2 (2) = 24.5 W d2 Q = – 2Q
1

(b) In position 2 : Circuit is as under dt2

1
Here, 2 =
3V 2 LC
2
3 Q = – LC d Q
2
10  dt

Sol.32 After a long time, resistance across an

Steady current in R4 : inductor becomes zero while resistance across
3
i0 = = 0.6 A capacitor becomes infinite. Hence, net external
32 resistance,
Time when current in R4 is half the steady value R
L R
3R
Rnet = 2
t1/2 = L (In 2) = n (2)
R =
–3
2 4
= (10  10 ) n (2) = 1.386 × 10–4 s 2E
5 Current through the batteries, i=
3R
1 2 1 r r
U= Li = (10 × 10–3) (0.3)2 = 4.5 × 104J 4 1 2
2 2
Given that potential across the terminals of cell
A is zero.

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Alternating Current

E – iri = 0
 2E 
or E –   r1 = 0
 3R / 4  r1  r2 
4
Solving this equation, we get, R = (r – r )
3 1 2

Sol.33 Inductive reactance XL = L

= (50) (2) (35 × 10–3) = 11
Impedance Z = R 2  XL2 = (11)2  11)2
= 11 2 
Given Vrms = 220 V
Hence, amplitude of valtage V0 = 2 Vrms
= 220 2 V
V0
Amplitude of current i0 = = 220 2
Z 11 2
or i0 = 20 A
XL –1  11 
Phase difference  = tan–1  =
 tan  
R   11 

 =
4
In L-R circuit voltage leads the current. Hence,
instantaneous current in the circuit is,
i = (20 A) sin (t – /4)
Corresponding i-t graph is shown in figure.
V,l V=

20 i=20 sin (t – /4)

O 9T/8
t
– T/8 T/2 5T/8

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