Climatic Design

LECTURE 5
ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT
4TH YEAR STUDENTS
LECTURER: DR. HARDI BARZNJI
 The five main groups are
A (tropical), B (dry), C (temperate), D(continental),
and E (polar).

Climates around the world are classified according to the Köppen Climate Classification
System
 General climatic characteristic in Middle
East Regions
For design purposes we must first study the different regains climates :
1- Hot dry desert climate
ØHigh temperature (max 45c ) in summer at day time
Ø5-6 months of summer (average day and night temp. degree is 40c ).
ØShort winter (3-4)months (average air temp. is 25c )
ØOther months are moderate
ØBig difference in temp. between summer and winter is 20c
ØLittle rain
ØSever wind due to difference in pressure
2-Hot Humid Equator Climate:-
ØRainy Region (ex. south Sudan )
ØTemperature differ from autumn which is (18c ) to (38c )in summer
and annual temp. average is (25c).
ØIt has 7 months of rain (April to November )
ØHumidity ratio is about 90% because of sever rain and tempests

Why is the equatorial region hot and humid?

 3-Hot Humid tropical coastalclimate
ØCovers the Arab Gulf and Arabic Peninsula coast .
ØSimilar to hot dry climate but areas are near the sea is with high
humidity
ØVery high temp. in summer( the monthly temperature is between( 24-
46c ) and average of humidity ratio monthly is between (50%- 100%).
4- Mountainous tropical climate
ØMountains in Saudi Arabia, Yemen , Oman and Sudan (Average height 900m-
1200m)from sea level .
ØAverage temp. in summer is (20-32C) , in winter is (6c – 26c)
ØRainy winter
5-Wram moderate climate
ØPlains of north Africa and West of Syria
ØCalled the Mediterranean climate
ØHot dry in summer and warm rainy in winter (Average temp. 15C-20C ) in
summer is (28C-32C)
ØHumidity ratio is between 50%-100%
ØRainy winter
 Warm moderate climate
(Mediterranean Desert Hot dry climates

Mountainous tropical
climate

Hot humid tropical

costal climate
Equator warm humid
climate
General Principles of
Climatic Design
 Hot areas climatic design
Hot areas climatic design are of two types which needs the following solutions :
A-Hot dry :-
ØProtect inner spaces from direct sun rays by different sun breakers (Shading devices).
ØUse of insulation material in walls and roofs.
ØProtect envelops by shading devices and double roofs.
ØMake use of walls of high heat capacity (time-lag strategy).
ØUse of light colors
ØMake of maximum use of natural ventilation specially at night to reduce maximum heat
ØUse of evaporative cooling concept in addition to trees and fountains
Concepts:
Materiality
Ventilation
Building Layout
B- Hot humid
§Protect inner spaces from summer direct sun light
§Maximum ventilation needed to reduce summer heat
§Do not use fountains and water surfaces to reduce humidity
DESIGN STRATEGIES
FOR
HOT & DRY
CLIMATIC ZONE
1-
2-
3-
4-PLANFORM
5-Activity Zone
6- BUILDING TYPE
7-Appropriate Landscaping
Reference
Climate responsive Building (SKAT, 1993)

Videos:
https://archleague.org/project/towards-a-new-architecture-climate-
change-and-design/