10-06-2022

BASICS
OF
BUILDING PLANNING

Assistant Professor - Ruchi V. Sawant

UNIT -3
Types of Civil Engineering Structures : Buildings, Bridges, Tunnels, Railways, Port &Harbor, 10 Hrs
Airport, Dams, Water supply systems, Water tanks, typical uses and importance of each
structure.

Computational Methods: Typical software’s used in Civil Engineering- Building Information

Modeling; brief introduction and uses, guidelines suggested by NBC on Development control
rules and general building requirements. Names of IS codes for Civil engineering
constructions.

Basic of building drawings: drawing typical plan, section and elevation of simple buildings.
Different symbols used in building drawing.

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Drawing is the language of engineers, which conveys the idea of the engineer
about shape, structural arrangements to the builders .

Construction drawing is commonly produced in the form of detailed

architectural floor plans, elevations, or sections.

It is a process of imagining the details of a building to be built , which is planned

for maximum utility and aesthetically good appearance.

IMPORTANT
 Working Drawing Plans: These are the drawings showcasing the
floor plans from the top, defining the location of the doors, windows
DEFINATIONS
and other interior elements of the floor, including the furniture layout.

 Elevations: Elevations define the exterior views of the buildings from

either side of the buildings It defines exactly how a building will exhibit
from outside once the construction is completed.

 Sections: Sections are formed when we slice down a building. It

depicts the cross-section of each structural component of the building
including the walls, ceiling, staircases, doors-window openings, in
addition to all other important elements of buildings.

 Setting out Plans: These specifically include the dimensions of every

minute element on the plans. It is particularly helpful in defining the
distance of elements from one another. Any minor mistake on the
setting out plan can lead to a changed design on the site.

 Electrical Plans: These drawings help define the location of all the
electrical appliances as well as their switches. They also define the
connections of internal wiring to help the electrician while laying out
the wiring in individual places.

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3D EXTERNAL ELEVATION

PLAN OF A HOUSE

LANDSCAPE PLAN

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IMPORTANT
 Plumbing and Sanitation Plans: These drawings are specifically
DEFINATIONS meant to define the location of the faucets and taps in wet areas such
as the kitchen and bathrooms.

 Structural Drawings: These are developed by a structural engineer

by the drawings assigned by the architect to define the specification of
the reinforcements and other structural elements to ensure the
required strength of the building structure.

 HVAC Drawings: In the case of a centrally located ventilation system,

a detailed set of HVAC drawings is allotted by the architect to define the
location of openings and ducts location in the building.

 Typical Construction Details: These are the most important set of

drawings to be used on the site as they define every single construction
detail which helps the contractor to regulate the construction on site.

BASIC SYMBOLS
USED
IN
BUILDING DRAWING

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PLAN SYMBOLS
NORTH DIRECTION
SYMBOLS

MATERIAL SYMBOLS

BRICK
MASONRY

STONE
MASONRY

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TYPICAL DOOR SYMBOLS

SINGLE DOOR SYMBOL

WALL SYMBOLS
DOUBLE DOOR SYMBOL EXTERIOR
WALL
SLIDING DOOR SYMBOL INTERIOR
WALL
BI-FOLD DOOR
POCKET DOOR

TYPICAL WINDOW SYMBOLS

DOUBLE CASEMENT WINDOW

SINGLE CASEMENT WINDOW

TYPICAL STAIRCASE SYMBOLS

STRAIGHT UP

STRAIGHT UP
& BACK

ROUND A CORNER

SWEEPING
STAIRCASE
STYLE

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KITCHEN SYMBOLS

DINNING SYMBOLS

SINK COOK TOP KITCHEN WORK

TOP WITH
CABINET ABOVE
DINING TABLES -
ROUND FOR FOUR
&
BED ROOM SYMBOLS RECTANGULAR FOR
SIX

BATH -ROOM SYMBOLS

QUEEN SIZE & SINGLE BED

SINK DOUBLE SINK TOILET

INTRODUCTION
TO
BUILDING DRAWING

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RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
IMPORTANT POINTS TO BE FOLLOWED IN PLANNING A HOUSE

FOR LIVING AREA

3 - MAJOR AREAS There should not be direct access to bed room and W.C/bath
 It Can be adjacent to the dining room
 Living area  Needs to be comfortable and spacious in order to accommodate furniture
and circulation area.
Sleeping area Should be sufficiently lighted to offer an attractive view of the surrounding
landscape, garden etc
Service area Should have southern and northern aspect

FOR SLEEPING AREA

Used for sleeping & relaxing
Should be located so as to give privacy

FOR SERVICE AREA

Includes Kitchen, dining room, bath room, W.C
Kitchen can be adjacent to the dining room
Dining room - Kitchen activities should be screened from this area
Bath and W.C Should be approachable from all sides and can also be part of
bedroom. (one common bath & WC is always advised rest can be attached )

SOME OF MAIN ROOMS IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Veranda VERANDA
Living room Waiting room for strangers or a visitor before he is lead into the living room
 Bed room  A passage giving an independent access to other rooms of the house which
protects the walls of the house from being exposed to sun rays.
 Kids room
 Dressing room LIVING ROOM
Kitchen Main area of contact with visitors and hence should preferably be located near
Dining room the entrance.
Store room Social functions can be held I this area.
Pooja room Size should be better determined by the kind of furniture needed. It depends
Bath room on the living standard of the family and the purpose it is going to serve.
Water closet
BEDROOM
Stair case
The most important rooms in a house ,Ideal conditions of bed room are that
Guest room the sun should shine in the room in the morning and free breeze should ventilate
Garage /Porch it by night
Some storage space is invariably required
While planning the bed room first determine the position of the bed w.r.t
windows, so that bed would be in the path of cross air currents
The position of door should be located such that when opened, the bed should
be screened easily.

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DRESSING ROOM
Should be attached to the bed room, Main requirement is ample light
It can be day light or artificial light, and it should light the body not the mirror

KITCHEN
Health, comfort and happiness of the family directly depends on the quality of food prepared and
cleanliness of the kitchen
It should be warmed and purified by the morning sunshine and remains cool for the rest of the
Day , at least 15% of the floor area should be provided in the form of windows and ventilators
Smooth grease proof floor having proper slope towards the drainage pipe is essential & lower 1m
height of the wall should also have a smooth tiled Finishing

DINNING ROOM
It can be a separate room or a space allocated in kitchen itself or Combined living, dining room is
the latest trend as it increases the usable space of the room.
Screen partition or Archway partition can also be provided.

STORE ROOM
To store all the things a loft may be constructed on the top of the
garage or bathroom to use as store room
Space below can also be used as store room or a room without ventilation can be a store room.

POOJA ROOM
Should be located in secluded part of house, free from all disturbances

BATH ROOM
A bathroom is a room that may have different functions depending on the cultural context.
In the most literal sense, the word bathroom means "a room with a bath". Because the traditional bath
tubs have partly made way for modern showers, including steam showers, the more general definition
is "a room where one baths".
 There can be just a shower, just a bathtub or both; and often both plumbing fixtures are combined in
the bathtub.
The room may also contain a sink, often called a "wash basin" or "hand basin" and also a “water
closet“

STAIR CASE
Stairway, staircase, stairwell, flight of stairs or simply stairs are names for a construction designed to
bridge a large vertical distance by dividing it into smaller vertical distances, called steps. Stairways
may be straight, round, or may consist of two or more straight pieces connected at angles.
Special stairways include escalators and ladders ,the other alternatives to stairways are elevators, stair
lifts and inclined moving sidewalks as well as stationary inclined sidewalks.

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GARAGE
Can be under the ground floor or separated
One Built inside is much convenient and cheaper than separate one

LIVING ROOM
VERANDA

BED ROOM

KITCHEN DINING ROOM

KITCHEN CUM DINING ROOM

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