TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPLICATIONS OF TESLA
COMPONENTS
•RESISTOR
•CAPACITOR
•INDUCTOR
•MAGNETIC WIRE
•BATTERY
•ON/OFF SWITCH
•LED
WORKING PRINCIPLE
THEORY
•WORKING
•CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CONSTRUCTION
RESULT AND CONCLUSION
 APPLICATIONS OF TESLA
The Tesla Coil is a machine for generating extreme high voltages. It’s sort of like the
Van De Graff generator, but much more powerful. When you fire it up, the shiny
donut/sphere-shaped part on top is energized with about 500,00 volts of high
frequency current. The Tesla Coil uses high-frequency transformer action together
with resonant voltage amplification to generate potentials in the range of tens to
hundred, or even thousands of kilovolts.

About 100 years ago Nikola Tesla invented his “Tesla Coil”. Tesla invented his coil
with the intention of transmitting electricity through the air. He conducted much
research in this area. He purposed using a few coils spread across the globe to
transmit electrical energy through the earth. Wherever power was needed one
would need only a receiving coil to convert the power into a useful form.

Tesla Coil circuits were used commercially in spark gap radio transmitters for wireless
telegraphy until the 1920s, and in electrotherapy and pseudo medical main use is
entertainment and educational displays.

Tesla coils or resonant transformers of high frequency and high potential have been
used in many commercial applications; the only variation being the high voltage is
used to produce an effect other than a spark. Although not all commercial
applications for Tesla coils are still in use some historical and modern-day
applications including:
• Spark gap radio transmitters
• Induction and dielectric heating (vacuum tube and spark gap types)
• Induction coils (differ only in the transformer core material being used)
• Medical X-ray devices (typically driven by an induction coil)
• Quack medical devices (violet-ray)
• Ozone generators
• Particle accelerators
• Electrical stage shows and entertainment
• Generation of extremely high voltage with relatively high-power levels.

COMPONENTS
•RESISTOR:
A resistor is a component that opposes a flowing current (a resistor of 2.2k resistance
is used in the project). Every conductor has a certain resistance if one applies a
potential difference V at the terminals of a resistor, the current I passing through it is
given by:
I=V/R
This formula is known as Ohm’s law. The SI unit of resistance is Ohm (Ω). One can
show that the power (in J/s) dissipated due to a resistance is equal to:
P=VI

•CAPACITOR:
A Capacitor is a component that can store energy in the form of an electric field. Less
abstractly, it is composed in its most basic form of two electrodes separated by a
dielectric medium. If there is a potential difference V between those two electrodes,
charges will accumulate on those electrodes: a charge Q on the positive them.
An electrical field therefore arises between them. If both of the electrodes carry the
same amount of charge, one can write:
Q=CV
•INDUCTOR:
An inductor stores the energy in the form of a magnetic field. Every electrical circuit
is characterized by a certain inductance. When current flows within a circuit, it
generates a magnetic field B that can be calculated from Maxwell-Ampere's law:

•MAGNETIC WIRE:
Magnetic wire or enameled wire is a copper or aluminium wire coated with a very
thin layer of insulation. It is used in the construction of transformer, inductors,
motors, speakers, hard disk, head actuators, electromagnets, and other applications
which require tight coils of wire. The wire itself is most often fully annealed,
electrolytically refined copper. An aluminium wire must have 1.6 times the cross-
sectional area as a copper wire to achieve comparable DC resistance. Due to this,
copper magnet wires contribute to improving energy efficiency in equipment such as
electric motors.
•BATTERY:
An electric battery is a device consisting of a one or more electrochemical cells that
convert stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell contains a positive
terminal, or cathode, and a negative terminal, or anode. Electrolytes allow ions to
move between the electrodes and terminals, which allows current to flow out of the
battery to perform work.
Primary (single-use or “disposable”) batteries are used once and discarded; the
electrode materials are irreversibly changed during discharge. Secondary
(Rechargeable batteries) can be discharged and recharged multiple times; the
original compositions of the electrodes can be restored by reverse current.
•ON/OFF SWITCH:
ON/OFF switch is used to on or off the power supply in the circuit. A simple on/off
switch is being used in the model.

•LED:
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that emits light when current
flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes,
releasing energy in the form of photons. The color of the light (corresponding to the
energy of the photons) is determined by the energy required for electrons to cross
the band gap of the semiconductor. White light is obtained by using multiple
semiconductors or a layer of light-emitting phosphor on the semiconductor device.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
•FARADAY’S LAW OF MAGNETIC INDUCTION:
“The induced electromotive force in any closed circuit is equal to the negative of the
time rate of change of the magnetic flux enclosed by the circuit.”

•MAGNETIC FLUX:
Magnetic flux is the number of magnetic field lines passing through a closed surface
(such as a conducting coil).
 THEORY
•WORKING:
Before we start building the Tesla coil, it is very important to know how it works.
Only then we will be able to build and debug one successfully. The tesla coil works
with principle of Electromagnetic Induction. According to which, when a conductor is
placed under a varying magnetic field, a small current will be induced inside the
conductor. For a Tesla coil this conductor will be called as the secondary coil and the
varying magnetic field will be produced by the primary coil by passing an oscillating
current through the primary coil.
It might sound a bit confused, but let us proceed with the circuit diagram where
things will be made much clear.

•CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
 CONSTRUCTION
1. Take PVC pipe and wind 300-400 turns of 28AWG copper wire. [Primary coil]
2. Now take a connector and wind 3-5 turns to PVC pipe. [Secondary coil]
3. Now remove enamel of copper wires at end.
4. Solder 2.2k ohm resistor to the base of 2n2222 transistor.
5. Solder bottom end wire of primary coil to base.
6. Solder one end of secondary coil to collector.
7.Solder Positive terminal of battery clip to Switch and negative terminal to emitter
pin.
8. Now solder another end of secondary coil and another pin of switch to the free
end of 2.2k resistor.
9. Leave the top end wire of primary coil free in air.
 RESULT AND CONCLUSION
Whenever we bring a fluorescent bulb close to the secondary winding, after
switching on the circuit, the bulb glows producing high intensity light as bulb glows
when supplied AC power. It is the transmission of electrical energy from power
source to electric load, over a distance, without usage of wires or cables.
The key parameter in transmitting power is efficiency. Conventional methods of
transmitting power don’t have high capacity of transmitting energy with less power
loss.
Long range communication is possible which is impossible with conventional method,
is achieved with this technology.

Doing this project, we conclude that with the help of this kind of technology, wireless
power transmission can be made possible and this technology will help us in
eradicating the hazardous uses of electrical wires and huge power losses in
transmission. It is envisaged that wireless energy would be really accomplished with
the advantage of easy implementation and cost effective i.e., cost of transmission
and distribution overhead would become less. In the long run, this could reduce our
society’s dependence on batteries, which are currently heavy and expensive.
 PRECAUTIONS
1. Do not use a normal transistor in place of 2N2222, unless you know to select an
exact for this transistor.
2. Make sure the 9V battery that you are using is brand new, because the cheap
batteries will not last more than 5 minutes with this circuit, if you have an Arduino
or something which can source you +5V you also use that.
3. It is completely fine for your coil to have any number of turns, but it should have a
minimum of at least 150 turns, you don’t have to be very accurate with the count.
4. The circuit can work from 5V to 10V. However, don’t push more than 500mA
through it.
5. The LED has a different purpose other than glowing, it is actually used to switch
the transistor so do not ignore it, a red color LED will work fine.
6. Your LED might or might not glow when the circuit is powered, you do not have to
be worried about it.
7. You might or might not get a spark(arc) at the free end of secondary coil, you do
not have to be worry about either. If you get an Arc do not touch it.
8. Always check if the circuit is working only by using a normal CFL bulb.
9. Adding a metal load (foil paper) on top of secondary coil is optional, but it sure
will improve the results but not mandatory to get a basic working output.
10.There is a very little chance for you to hear any hissing sound, so don’t expect it.