Visit to Sewage Treatment Plant.

Aim: To understand the practical working of various units at Sewage Treatment

Plant (STP).
Name of plant: AMC Sewage Treatment Plant.

Type of plant: Sewage treatment plant.

Location of site: AMC sewage treatment plant’, Alangaon – Kholapur road,
near Lalkhedi, Amravati.
Purpose of Visit: The main purpose for visit was to practically observe
different processes taking place at plant.
Date of visit: 28-10-2022

Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research, Amravati organised a

visit at Waste water treatment plant, Lalkhedi under the subject of
Environmental Engineering-II for the Final year students of Civil Engineering.
On the site students observed various components of waste water treatment
plant like Detritus tank, sedimentation tank, aeration tank, chlorination tank,
screening chamber, sludge thickener, etc. Large numbers of students were
present for the visit. On the site, Swapnil Kapile sir has given practical
information to students & he has also given the information about working of
each components parts of treatment plant. The subject teacher, Prof. R. S.
Adhau and accompanied faculty, Prof. S. V. Dharpal and Prof. R. V. Langote
were present for visit. The visit was very informative and appreciated by all the
students and requested to organise for more such industrial visits.

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 Visit to Sewage Treatment Plant.

LAYOUT OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT:

The S.T.P had its incoming sewer lines from the two zones of Amravati District
wiz. Zone 4 and zone 5 which includes the areas like Budhvara, Yashoda Nagar
,etc. The sewage was brought by the main trunk pipes of diameter 800 mm of
length 2.5 km.

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 Visit to Sewage Treatment Plant.

 The STP is of 44 capacity.

 All the sewage water is brought by the 2.5 km length main trunk is collected
in the Property/inlet chamber.
 Collection of sewage is done by pipes of diameter 800mm. Sewage is
collected in property chamber under gravity action. All units are in pair of 2.

INLET CHAMBER

Before the preliminary treatment starts there is inlet chamber where the sewage
water in entering the STP for the treatment Dimensions of inlet/property
chamber are: Length=Breadth=2.6m

Fig. Inlet Chamber

 From the pumping unit waste water is pass to the junction box which acts as
the grit chamber.
 The Grit chamber separates out the grit , gravel, sand, egg shell, of size 2mm
or larger , Its just as the primary sedimentation tank .
 In junction box a rotary arm was moving continuously for settling the sludge
particle.
 Dimensions of grit chamber:
 Area of tank = 85.92 sq.m Detention time = 9 mint
 The sludge from the junction box is removed by means of mechanical
arrangement called screw classifier.

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 Visit to Sewage Treatment Plant.

Fig. Junction box

Fig. Screw Classifier

TREATMENT:
The treatment processes of sewage are classified as following four types.
1) Preliminary Treatment
2) Primary Treatment
3) Secondary Treatment
4) Tertiary Treatment
5) Sludge Digester
6) Gas Collector
7) Outfall Sewer

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 Visit to Sewage Treatment Plant.

1] PRELIMINARY TREATMENT:
In the preliminary treatment, large floating bodies, dead bodies of animals, branches,
sand particles, oil, and grease are removed from raw sewage. The BOD removal here is
about 30%.

There are three processes adopted in preliminary treatment.

1) Screen chamber
2) Grit chamber
3) Detritus tank
From the property chamber contaminated water is passed through the manual
screening chamber under gravitational force.
1) Screening Chambe r: There are two screens, the coarse screen is placed well before
the entry of sewage to the inlet chamber and the fine screen is installed after the inlet
chamber.
This screening chamber two screens were installed one was manual another was
mechanical screen. The manual screening having inclination450 and other is mechanical
screening having 300 inclination Dimensions of screen chamber: Total depth=1.66m.

Fig. Screening Chamber

After the screening, the waste water was pumped for the further processes.
Following photographs shows the pumping station with motors of 20HPand
15HP.

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 Visit to Sewage Treatment Plant.

Fig. Pump Station

2) Grit chamber: Grit is the heavy mineral material found in the wastewater
influent in the treatment plant. It consists of gravel, sand, broken glass,
fragments of metal and inorganic solids which have subsiding velocities or
specific gravities greater than organic putrescible solids present in wastewater.
Grit chambers are used to remove grit present in the wastewater. Grit has a
specific gravity ranging from 2.4 to 2.65. They settle much more rapidly than
organic solids.

Fig. Grit chamber

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 Visit to Sewage Treatment Plant.

3) The Detritus Tank: The Detritus tank is used for removal of fine sand and
inorganic particles. Waste water passed from the junction box is then passed from the
detritus tank. The detention time for this is 3-4 minutes and depth of 2.5 m. After the
detritus tank the waste water is collected in distribution box.
These are rectangular or square continuous flow setting tank used for removing
grit and fine sand at one time. These are designed to flow with a smaller flow
velocity of about 0.09 m/sec. In the detritus tank, the grit is removed
continuously by means of scraper mechanism.

Fig. Detritus Tank

2] PRIMARY TREATMENT:
This treatment consists of removing large suspended organic solids. This is
accomplished by sedimentation in settling tanks. This process removes about 30 to 40%
of the total B.O.D. The working principle of plain sedimentation is to allow enough
time in storage for settlement of desired amount of particles, based on theory of
sedimentation which says that the settling velocity must be greater than or equal to the
flowing velocity.
 From the distribution tank water is passed to the primary sedimentation tank (PST).
The launder of the PST of diameter 24m takes about 45 min to complete on rotation
in the PST. The depth of PST is 6m at the centre and 4.5 m at the corner taking a
hopper bottom shape. The launder moves in anticlockwise shape

 The D.T. in PST was of about 150min approximate. PST the rotating arm was
attached to the slip ring.
 PST was of hopper bottom shape.

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 All the sludge from PST was collected in ‘Scum cum blending tank (SCBT).
 The Scum cum blending tank removes the scum and oil, grease the inlet here is
fountain like and then it separates. There is use of 4 pumps to blend scum and
remove the greasy structured matter.

Fig. Primary Sedimentation Tank

3] SECONDARY TREATMENT:
The secondary treatment or the Biological treatment involves the further
treatment of the effluent coming from the primary sedimentation tank. This is
accomplished by biological decomposition of organic matter. The treatment
reactors, in which the organic matter is decomposed by the aerobic biological
treatment by the activated sludge process. The sewage effluent from PST is
mixed with 20 to 30 % of the own volume of activated slugged which has more
quantity of highly active aerobic micro- organisms, known as recirculation. The
mixtures enter the aeration tank where the micro-organisms and sewage are
intimately mixed together with large quantity of air for detention time of 6 hours.
Under these conditions, the moving organisms will oxidase the organic matter
and the suspended and colloidal matter tend to coagulate and form a precipitate
which settles down readily in secondary settling tank.

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The settled sludge called Activated Sludge is then recycled to the head of the
aeration tank, to be mixed again with the sewage being treated. New activated
sludge is continuously being produced by this process, and a portion of it being
utilized and sent back to aeration tank, whereas the excess portion is disposed of
properly along with the sludge collected during primary treatment, after
digestion.
 The BOD removal of 80-90% is obtained here and bacterial removal about
95%.
 From PST waste water is passed to the recirculation chamber where the
anaerobic bacteria removal process is done.
 From the recirculation chamber waste water is passed to the surface aerator
aeration addition of oxygen was done.
 Daily nearly 11-12 MLD of water was aerated. For the aeration process 20hp
motors were used.
 The aeration was carried in 4 units each unit having 16 aerator pumps. For
the detention time of 6 hours.
 The aerators are having 130mm diameter shafts rotating at 440 rpm.
 The pH of which is maintained in the range of 6.5 to 7.5 at a temperature of
200C – 370C

Fig: Aeration Tank

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Fig. Recirculation chamber

4] SECONDARY SEDIMENTATION TANK:

The sludge from the activated sludge process is taken out in the sludge thickener
and sludge the sewage water is taken out to the secondary sedimentation tank
where the sediments (if any) are allowed to settle and the water is taken further
for chlorination. The sludge settled at the bottom is reused as the activated sludge
in the process of digestion. SST effluent enters in SCBT. there are 2 such SST
units on either side.

Fig Secondary Sedimentation Tank

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5] TERTIARY TREATMENT (CHLORINATION):

The chlorine dose is decided to every batch of the effluent sewage water and this
treated water is then let out the river.

Fig: Chlorine Dose Regulator

6] SLUDGE DIGESTER:
The sludge is being acted upon by the anaerobic bacteria. During this process,
the gases such as methane CH 4, CO2, H 2S, and others are generated among which
the methane can be further used for the energy generation.
All the sludge was deposited in the digester.
Digester feeding had started, but the gases formation was not sufficient to collect
and use as fuel.
These are two types of sludge digesters.
Primary sludge digester Diameter = 30m, Depth = 8.5m. Secondary sludge
digester Diameter = 22m
Over all unit have sludge digestion time of 30 days.
Gas formed in the digester was collected in the gas holding chamber. Gas
collected in the gas holder will serve the different purposes.
Diameter = 17.8m

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Desired storage time of gas collector = 4 hrs

Volume of gas to be stored = 795.23cum.

Fig. Digester Tank

7] GAS COLLECTOR:

This is the prime multi-gas detector and the most commonly used device for
sanitation in wastewater treatment plants. It simultaneously monitors presence
of methane (CH4), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen
deficiency (O2). It is also recommended during trainings for water and
wastewater treatment workers.

Fig: Gas Collector

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6] OUTFALL SEWER:
All the effluent from the STP is left out of the plant through an outfall sewer which
enters the running Pedhi River in the vicinity.

Fig. Outfall Sewer

AMC sewage treatment plant

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