10th Social Science Sura Guide New Edition 2021-2022 English Medium - WWW - Kalvikadal.in

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Social science
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10th Standard
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Based on the Latest Updated Textbook.
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Frr eeeMap
Salient Features
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Complete Solutions to Textbook Exercises. bo
 Work& e
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Exhaustive Additional Questions and Answers for all Units. Free Prkbook
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 Unit Test Questions with Answers for all Units.

Model Question Papers 1 to 6 (PTA):

Questions are incorporated in the appropriate sections.
 G
ovt. Model Question Paper - 2019 (Govt. MQP-2019), Quarterly
Exam - 2019 (Qy-2019), Half Yearly Exam - 2019 (Hy-2019) and Govt.
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Supplementary Exam -2020 (Sep - 2020) questions are also incorporated in

the appropriate sections.
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September 2020 Govt. Supplementary Exam Question Paper (with answers)


is given.
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ISBN : 978-81-8449-512-6
Code No : SG 330
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Authors :
Mr. Ravi Shankar, M.A., M. Phil.
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Mrs. Janaki Devi, M.A., M. Ed.
Edited by :
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Mrs. Sarojini, M.A., B. Ed.
Reviewed by :

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Dr. John Mathew, M.A., M. Phil., Ph.D.
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(ii)
Preface
Education is not the learning of facts.
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It is rather training of the mind to think.
- Albert Einstein
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Respected Principals, Correspondents, Head Masters / Head Mistresses, Teachers,
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From the bottom of our heart, we at SURA Publications sincerely thank you for the support
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It is in our sincerest effort we take the pride of releasing SURA’s Social Science Guide for
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an esteemed College.
With due respect to Teachers, I would like to mention that this guide will serve as a teaching
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In complete cognizance of the dedicated role of Teachers, I completely believe that our
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God Bless all.
Subash Raj, B.E., M.S.
- Publisher
Sura Publications
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(iv)
History
Unit 1 Outbreak of World War I and Its Aftermath 1 - 14 June
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Unit 2 The World between two World Wars 15 - 26 July
Unit 3 World War II 27 - 40 July
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Unit 4 The World after World War II 41 - 54 August
Unit 5 S ocial and Religious Reform Movements in the 19th 55 - 66 Aug & Sep
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Century
Unit 6 Early Revolts against British Rule in Tamil Nadu 67 - 78 October
Unit 7
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Anti-Colonial Movements and the Birth of
Nationalism
79 - 92 October
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Unit 8 Nationalism: Gandhian Phase 93 - 108 November
Unit 9 Freedom Struggle in Tamil Nadu 109 - 118 November
Unit 10 Social Transformation in Tamil Nadu 119 - 130 Nov & Dec
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Geography
Unit 1 India - Location, Relief and Drainage 131 - 146 June
Unit 2 Climate and Natural Vegetation of India 147 - 156 June
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Unit 3 India - Agriculture 157 - 170 July

Unit 4 India - Resources and Industries 171 - 184 August
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Unit 5 India - Population, Transport, Communication and 185 - 202 August

Trade
Unit 6 Physical Geography of Tamil Nadu 203 - 220 October
Unit 7 Human Geography of Tamil Nadu 221 - 238 November
(v)
Civics
Unit 1 Indian Constitution 239 - 248 June
Unit 2 Central Government 249 - 258 July
Unit 3 State Government 259 - 267 August
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Unit 4 India’s Foreign Policy 268 - 276 October
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Unit 5 India’s International Relations 277 - 288 November
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Economics A
Unit 1 Gross Domestic Product and its Growth: an 289 - 301 June
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Introduction
Unit 2 Globalization and Trade 302 - 312 July
Unit 3 Food Security and Nutrition 313 - 321 August

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Unit 4 Government and Taxes 322 - 331 October
Unit 5 Industrial Clusters in Tamil Nadu 332 - 341 November

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Map 342 - 346

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(vi)
History
istory
Unit 1
Outbreak of World War I
and Its Aftermath
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Learning Objectives
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To acquaint ourselves with
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ªª The race for colonies leading to rivalry and clashes among the great powers of
Europe
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ªª Emergence of Japan as the strongest and most aggressive power in East Asia
ªª Colonialism's impact on Africa
ªª Causes, course and results of the First World War
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ªª Treaty of Versailles and its provisions

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ªª Causes, course and outcome of the Russian Revolution

ªª Foundation, functioning and failure of the League of Nations
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Exercise
I. Choose the correct answer 2. Which country emerged as the strongest in
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East Asia towards the close of nineteenth

1. What were the three major empires shattered century?
by the end of First World War? (a) China (b) Japan
(a) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the
(c) Korea (d) Mongolia
Ottomans
(b) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Russia [Ans. (b) Japan]
(c) Spain, Portugal and Italy 3. Who said “imperialism is the highest stage of
(d) Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy capitalism”? [PTA-6]
[Ans. (a) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the (a) Lenin (b) Marx
Ottomans] (c) Sun Yat-sen (d) Mao Tsetung
[Ans. (a) Lenin]
Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE Unit 1

4. What is the Battle of Marne remembered for? 2. Assertion (A) : Germany and the United States
(a) air warfare (b) trench warfare were producing cheaper manufactured goods
HISTORY
(c) submarine warfare (d) ship warfare and capturing England’s markets.
[Ans. (b) trench warfare] Reason (R) : Both the countries produced
required raw material for their industries.
5. To which country did the first Secretary (a) Both A and R are correct
General of League of Nations belongs? (b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
(a) Britain (b) France (c) Both A and R are wrong
(c) Dutch (d) USA
(d) R is right but A is wrong.
[Ans. (a) Britain]
[Ans. (b) A is right but R is not the correct
6. Which country was expelled from the League reason]
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of Nations for attacking Finland?
3. Assertion (A) : The first European attempts to
(a) Germany (b) Russia
carve out colonies in Africa resulted in bloody
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(c) Italy (d) France battles.
[Ans. (b) Russia] Reason (R) : There was stiff resistance from the
II. Fill in the blanks : native population.
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(a) Both A and R are correct
1. Japan forced a war on China in the year _______.
(b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
[Ans. 1894]
to the Treaty of _______ signed in May 1913.

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2. The new state of Albania was created according
(c) Both A and R are wrong
[Ans. (a) Both A and R are correct]
[Ans. London]
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IV. Match the following
3. Japan entered into an alliance with England in
the year _______. [Ans. 1902]
(1) Treaty of Brest - - Versailles
4. In the Balkans _______ had mixed population. Litovsk
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[Ans. Macedonia] (2) Jingoism - Turkey

5. In the battle of Tannenberg _______ suffered
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(3) Kemal Pasha - Russia with

heavy losses. [Ans. Russia] Germany
6. _______ as Prime Minister represented France (4) Emden - England
in Paris Peace Conference. [Ans. Clemenceau] (5) Hall of Mirrors - Madras
7. Locarno Treaty was signed in the year _______.
Ans. (1) Treaty of Brest - - Russia with
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[PTA-1] [Ans. 1925]

Litovsk Germany
III. Choose the correct statement (2) Jingoism - England
1. (i) The Turkish Empire contained many
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non-Turkish people in the Balkans. (3) Kemal Pasha - Turkey

(ii) Turkey fought on the side of the central (4) Emden - Madras
powers (5) Hall of Mirrors - Versailles
(iii) Britain attacked Turkey and captured
Constantinople V. Answer briefly
(iv) Turkey’s attempt to attack Suez Canal but
were repulsed. 1. How do you assess the importance of Sino-
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct Japanese War?
(b) (i) and (iii) are correct Ans. (i) In 1894 Japan forced a war on China. The
(c) (iv) is correct crushing defeat of China by little Japan
(d) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct in the Sino-Japanese War (1894-95)
[Ans. (d) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct] surprised the world.
Outbreak of World War I and Its Aftermath Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE
(ii) Despite the warning of the three great (ii) The founders of this peace organisation
powers Russia, Germany and France – underestimated the power of nationalism.
HISTORY
Japan annexed the Liaotung peninsula The principle of “collective security”
with Port Arthur. could not be applied in actual practice.
(iii) By this action Japan proved that it was the VI. Answer the following in detail
strongest nation of the East Asia.
1. Discuss the main causes of the First World
2. Name the countries in the Triple Entente. War. [PTA-1; HY-2019; Sep-2020]
[QY-2019] Ans. European Alliances and Counter - Alliances :
Ans. The countries in the Triple Entente were, Britain, (i) In 1900 five of the European Great Powers
France and Russia. were divided into two armed camps.
(ii) One camp consisted of the Central Powers
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3. What were the three militant forms of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy.
nationalism in Europe? [HY-2019] (iii) Under the guidance of Bismarck, they had
formed the Triple Alliance in 1882.
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Ans. (i) England's jingoism
(iv) The other camp consisted of France and
(ii) France's chauvinism and
Russia.
(iii) Germany’s Kultur were militant forms of (v) The Anglo-Japanese Alliance prompted
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nationalism. France to seek an alliance with Britain.
Which resulted in the Entente Cordiale
4. What do you know of trench warfare? [PTA-3]
(1904).
Ans. Trench Warfare :
(i) The Battle of Marne is a memorable for
trench warfare.
A (vi) Britain subsequently reached
agreement with Russia and formed the
Triple Entente of Britain, France and
an
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Russia.
(ii) Trenches or ditches dug by troops
Violent Forms of Nationalism :
enabled soldiers to safely stand and protect
(i) With the growth of nationalism, the
themselves from enemy fire. attitude of “my country right or wrong I
(iii) The main lines of trenches were connected support it” developed.
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to each other and to the rear by a series (ii) England’s jingoism, France’s chauvinism
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of linking trenches through which food, and Germany’s Kultur were militant forms
ammunition, fresh troops, mail, and of nationalism, contributing decisively to
orders were delivered. the outbreak of War.
Aggressive Attitude of German Emperor :
5. What was the role of Mustafa Kemal Pasha? (i) Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany
Ans. (i) Mustafa Kemal Pasha played a remarkable was ruthlessly assertive and aggressive.
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role for Turkey’s rebirth as a nation. (ii) Napoleon’s defeat at Trafalgar (1805),
(ii) Kemal Pasha modernised Turkey and Germany’s aggressive diplomacy and
changed it out of all recognition. rapid building of naval bases convinced
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Britain that a German navy could be

(iii) He put an end to the Sultanate and the directed only against her.
Caliphate. (iii) Therefore, Britain embarked on a naval
(iv) The support of the Soviet Union was of race, which heightened the tension
great help to him. between the two powers.
6. List out any two causes for the failure of the Hostility of France towards Germany :
League of Nations. [PTA-5] (i) France and Germany were old rivals.
Bitter memories of the defeat of 1871 and
Ans. (i) The League appeared to be an organisation
loss of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany
of those who were victorious in the First
rankled in the minds of the French.
World War. Since it lacked the military
power of its own, it could not enforce its (ii) German interference in Morocco added to
decisions. the bitterness.

Imperial Power Politics in the Balkans : (v) Germany was forced to revoke the Treaty
(i) The Young Turk Revolution of 1908, of Brest-Litovsk (with Russia) and
Bucharest (Bulgaria).
HISTORY
Austria and Russia resumed their activities

in the Balkans. (vi) Alsace–Lorraine was returned to France.
(ii) Austria announced the annexation of (vii) The former Russian territories of Finland,
Bosnia and Herzegovina. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were to be
independent.
(iii) Austria’s action aroused intense opposition
(viii) Poland was recreated.
from serbia. Germany firmly supported
Austria. 3. Explain the course of the Russian Revolution
under the leadership of Lenin.
(iv) The enmity between Austria and Serbia Ans. (i) Influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx,
led to the outbreak of war in 1914. Lenin believed that the way for freedom
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The Balkan Wars : was through mass action.
(i) Turkey was a powerful country in the (ii) Lenin gained the support of a small
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south west of Europe in the first half of majority (bolshinstvo), known as
eighteenth century. Bolsheviks, which became the Bolshevik
(ii) Both the Turks and their subjects of Party. His opponents, in minority
(menshinstvo), were called Mensheviks.
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different nationalities in the Balkans
(iii) There were rivalries among Greece, Serbia,
Provisional Government :
Bulgaria and later Montenegro for the (i) There were two parallel bodies to take on
the Balkan League.

(iv) The Second Balkan War ended with
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control of it. In March 1912 they formed
government functions.
(ii) One was of the bourgeois politicians of the
old state Duma, comprising propertied
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classes.
the signing of the Treaty of Bucharest in (iii) On the other there were workers’ delegates
August 1913. drawn together in a workers’ council, or
Immediate Cause : Soviet.
(i) The climax to these events in the Balkans (iv) The Soviet was dominated by Mensheviks
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occurred in Sarajevo in Bosnia. and the minority Bolsheviks were timid

and undecided.
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(ii) On 28 June 1914 the Archduke Franz

Ferdinand, heir to Franz Joseph, Emperor (v) The situation changed with the arrival of
of Austria-Hungary, was assassinated by Lenin.
Princip, a Bosnian Serb. Failure of Provisional Government :
(iii) Austria saw in this an opportunity to
(i) Lenin was in Switzerland when the
revolution broke out.
eliminate Serbia as an independent state.
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(ii) Lenin wanted continued revolution. His

(iv) The German violation of Belgian slogan of ‘All power to the Soviets’ soon
neutrality forced Britain to enter war. won over the workers’ leaders.
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2. Highlight the provisions of the Treaty of (iii) The people were attracted by the slogan of
Versailles relating to Germany.[PTA-2 & PTA-6] ‘Bread, Peace and Land.’
Ans. (i) Germany was found guilty of starting the (iv) The Provisional government made two
War and therefore was to pay reparations grave mistakes.
for the losses suffered. All Central Powers (v) First, it postponed a decision on the
were directed to pay war indemnity. demand for the redistribution of land
(ii) The German army was to be limited to and the other was government decided to
100,000 men. A small navy was allowed. continue with the war.
(iii) The union of Austria and Germany was (vi) The government banned Pravda and
forbidden. arrested all Bolsheviks
(iv) All German colonies became mandated
territories under the League of Nations.
Takeover by the Bolshevik Party under Lenin’s (iv) The League ruled that the islands should
leadership : go to Finland.
HISTORY
(i) In October Lenin persuaded the (v) In the following year the League was asked
Bolshevik Central Committee to decide to settle the frontier between Poland and
on immediate revolution. Germany in Upper Silesia, which was
(ii) Trotsky prepared a detailed plan. On 7 successfully resolved by the League.
November the key government buildings, (vi) The third dispute was between Greece and
were seized by armed factory workers and Bulgaria in 1925.
revolutionary troops. (vii) Greece invaded Bulgaria, and the League
(iii) On 8 November 1917 a new Communist ordered a ceasefire.
government was in office in Russia. Its head (viii) After investigation it blamed Greece and
this time was Lenin. The Bolshevik Party
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decided that Greece was to pay reparations.
was renamed the Russian Communist
(ix) Thus the League had been successful until
Party.
signing of the Locarno Treaty in 1925.
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4. Estimate the work done by the League of (x) By this treaty, Germany, France, Belgium,
Nations. Great Britain, and Italy mutually
Ans. Activities of the League : guaranteed peace in Western Europe.
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(i) The League was called in to settle a number (xi) Thereafter Germany joined the League
of disputes between 1920 and 1925. and was given a permanent seat on the
(ii) The League was successful in three issues. Council.
(iii) In 1920 a dispute arose between Sweden
and Finland over the sovereignty of the
Aaland Islands.
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VII. Activity
1. Students can be taught to mark the places of battles and the capital cities of the countries that were
engaged in the War.
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VIII. Map Work
Mark the following countries on the world map. [PTA-1]
HISTORY
Ans. 1. Great Britain* 2. Germany 3. France* 4. Italy*

5. Morocco 6. Turkey 7. Serbia 8. Bosnia
9. Greece 10. Austria-Hungary 11. Bulgaria 12. Rumania
N
W E
S
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AUSTRIA - HUNGARY
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GREAT BRITAIN
GERMANY
D
BOSNIA
FRANCE
SERBIA RUMANIA
ITALY TURKEY
MOROCCO GREECE BULGARIA
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Not to Scale
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* [QY-2019]
Govt. Exam Questions & AnsWers

1 Mark
1. The country which won the Battle of Jutland [QY-2019]
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(a) Germany (b) England (c) Russia (d) France [Ans. (b) England]
2. Where did the Ethiopian army defeat the Italian Army? [Sep-2020]
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(a) Delville (b) Orange State (c) Adowa (d) Algiers[Ans. (c) Adowa]
2 Marks
1. Highlight the global influence of Russian Revolution. [Sep-2020]
Ans. The Russian communist government encouraged the colonies to fight for their freedom. Debates over key
issues, land reforms, social welfare, workers’ rights, and gender equality started taking place in a global
context.
Time Line Chart

[QY-2019]
HISTORY
1910 Scale
(1 unit = 5 years)
1914 - Outbreak of World War I

1915
1917 - Russian Revolution
1918 - End of the World War I
1919 - Treaty of Versailles
1920 1920 - Establishment of League of Nation
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dditional Questions & AnsWers
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I. Choose the correct answer:1 Mark
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1. The biggest outcome of the I world war was the
_______. 7. ______ Was the American President when
USA declared war against Germany in 1917.
(a) Green Revolution
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(a) Wilson (b) Abraham Lincoln
(b) French Revolution (c) F.D Roosevelt (d) John F. Kennedy
(c) Russian Revolution [Ans. (a) Wilson]
(d) American Revolution A 8. Lenin was influenced by the ideas of ______
[Ans. (c) Russian Revolution]
(a) Confucius (b) Plato
2. A striking feature of nineteenth century was
(c) Mao-Tse-Tung (d) Karl Marx
that ______ emerged as the dominant power.
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[Ans. (d) Karl Marx]
(a) Asia (b) Europe
(c) Africa (d) Australia 9. In 1861, Tsar ______ abolished serfdom and
[Ans. (b) Europe] emancipated the serfs
3. In 1902, Japan entered into an alliance with (a) Fredrick (b) Peter
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England and demanded that Russia should (c) Alexander II (d) Nicholas
[Ans. (c) Alexander II]
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withdraw its troops from ______.

(a) France (b) Spain 10. On 23 February 1917, the socialists celebrated
(c) Manchuria (d) India ______
[Ans. (c) Manchuria] (a) Mother's day
4. ______ of Russia suggested to the powers that (b) International working women's day
they meet together to bring about an era of (c) Oceans day
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universal peace. (d) Environment day

(a) Tsar Nicholas II (b) Michael [Ans. (b) International working women's day]
(c) Peter the Great (d) Alexander I 11. ______ was the official newspaper of the
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[Ans. (a) Tsar Nicholas II] communist party of the Soviet Union from
5. At the battle of ______ in 1914, the French 1918 - 1991.
succeeded in pushing back the Germans. (a) Pravda (b) Moscow times
(a) Tannenberg (b) Marne (c) Trud (d) Vedomosti
(c) Danzig (d) Balkan [Ans. (a) Pravda]
[Ans. (b) Marne] 12. In March 1918, the Treaty of ______ was
6. In the eastern front, Russian troops repeatedly signed.
defeated the ______ (a) Versailles (b) Sevres
(a) French (b) Indians (c) Brest - Litovsk (d) London
(c) Austrians (d) Germans [Ans. (c) Brest - Litovsk]
[Ans. (c) Austrians]

13. In 1931 Japan attacked _______ 23. The Second Balkan War ended with the signing
(a) China (b) Manchuria of the _______.
(c) France (d) Russia
HISTORY
(a) Locarno Treaty

[Ans. (b) Manchuria] (b) Treaty of Versailles
14. In December 1939 Russia was expelled from (c) Treaty of Bucharest
the league of Nations for her attack on _______ (d) Treaty of London
(a) Germany (b) Italy
[Ans. (c) Treaty of Bucharest]
(c) Austria (d) Finland
[Ans. (d) Finland] 24. The German violation of Belgian neutrality
15. In the Russo-Japanese war, Japan defeated forced _______ to enter World War I.
Russia and got back _______. (a) Japan (b) America
(a) Dauzig (b) Port Arthur (c) China (d) Britain
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(c) Sakata (d) Miyako [Ans. (d) Britain]
[Ans. (b) Port Arthur]
16. Within Europe _______ held a per-eminent 25. _______ watched the course of the War and in
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position as the world leader of capitalism. August 1916 joined the Allies.
(a) France (b) Japan (a) Montenegro (b) Bulgaria
(c) England (d) Germany (c) Rumania (d) Albania
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[Ans. (c) England] [Ans. (c) Rumania]
17. By 1880, most of the _______ countries had 26. Germany ultimately surrendered in _______.
been colonised.
A (a) Nov. 1918 (b) Dec. 1918
(a) Asian (b) African
(c) American (d) Gulf (c) Jan. 1919 (d) Oct. 1918
[Ans. (a) Asian] [Ans. (a) Nov. 1918]
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18. In Imperialistic aggressions also _______ 27. As per the Peace Treaty of 1919 _______ was
followed the Europe. returned to France.
(a) China (b) Japan (a) Austria (b) Italy
(c) India (d) Germany (c) Alsace-Lorraine (d) Bucharest
[Ans. (b) Japan] [Ans. (c) Alsace-Lorraine]
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19. The Crushing defeat of _______ in the Sino- 28. _______ emerged as the money-lender to the
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Japanese War surprised the world. world in the aftermath of the World War I.
(a) Japan (b) Italy (a) Japan (b) Germany
(c) India (d) China (c) Russia (d) America
[Ans. (d) China] [Ans. (d) America]
20. After 1905 _______ took control of Korean 29. On 8 November 1917, a new _______
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domestic and Foreign policy. government was in office in Russia.

(a) China (b) Japan
(a) Socialist (b) Communist
(c) Italy (d) England
(c) Tsarist (d) Democratic
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[Ans. (b) Japan]

[Ans. (b) Communist]
21. _______ was a powerful country in the south
west of Europe in the first half of the eighteenth 30. _______ was not a member of the league of
Century. Nations.
(a) Turkey (b) Albania (a) USA (b) Germany
(c) Croatia (d) Crypts (c) Russia (d) Italy
[Ans. (a) Turkey] [Ans. (a) USA]
22. The Balkan League was formed in the year 31. The League of Nations was dissolved in
_______. _______.
(a) 1911 (b) 1914 (a) 1943 (b) 1947
(c) 1912 (d) 1915 (c) 1945 (d) 1946
[Ans. (c) 1912] [Ans. (d) 1946]
II. Fill in the blanks : 20. In Russia ________ and _______ attempted
1. Capitalism inevitably led to __________ Westernisation without changing the social
HISTORY
[Ans. Imperialism] conditions [Ans. Peter the great, Catherine II]
2. The industrial achievements of _______ gave her 21. Lenin gained the support of a small majority,
a dominating position in Europe in a latter half known as ________. [Ans. Bolsheviks]
of the 19th century. [Ans. Germany]
22. Opponents of Lenin in minority were called
3. The period from 1867 to 1912 is known as
_______. [Ans. Mensheviks]
______.[Ans. Meiji Era]
4. By 1900, practically the whole of _______ was 23. Tsar _______ of Romanov Dynasty had little
colonised. [Ans. Africa] experience of Government. [Ans. Nicholas II]
24. On 23 January 1902 Father _________, a priest
L
5. Britain, France, Russia and Germany also
established _________ in china. organised a march of men, women and children
[Ans. Spheres of influence] in St. Petersberg. [Ans. Gapon]
A
6. _______ Genocide is a frightful example of the 25. The parliament established by Nicholas was
massacre of the Balkan wars. [Ans. Armenian] called the ______. [Ans. Duma]
7. _______ and _______ declared war on the
D
26. In 1916 _________ who had a domineering
central powers in 1916 and 1917 respectively.
influence over the Tsar and the Tsarina was
[Ans. Romania and Greece]
murdered. [Ans. Rasputin]
8. Two peace Conferences were held at in Holland
in 1899 and 1907 ________. [Ans. The Hague]
9. In 1914, Russia suffered heavy losses in the
A 27. During the popular uprisings in 1917, ______
was the capital of the Russian empire.
[Ans. Petrograd]
K
______. [Ans. battle of Tannenberg]
10. The battle of Marne is a memorable one for 28. The Russian Communist Party could eliminated
_________. [Ans. Trench warfare] ______ and _______ in Russia within a record
time. [Ans. poverty, illiteracy]
11. Between February and July 1916, the Germans
I
attacked ______ , the famous fortress in the 29. Pravda is a Russian word meaning _______.
French line. [Ans. Verdun] [Ans. Truth]
LV
12. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on 30. The secretariat of the League of Nations was
3rd March _______[Ans. 1918] located at ______ [Ans. Geneva]
13. German _______ were extremely effective. 31. The International court of Justice was set up in
[Ans. Submarines] ______ [Ans. The Hague]
14. In the far east, Japan was able to capture the
A
32. In October 1932, ________ withdrew Germany

province of _______ given by the Germans to
from the Conference and the League.
China in Shantung. [Ans. Kiauchau]
[Ans. Hitler]
K
15. In 1916, a naval battle ________ had taken place

in the North sea. [Ans. Battle of Jutland] 33. _______ led to frequent clashes between these
great powers in Asia, Africa and Europe.
16. __________ was the famous cruiser which
bombarded Madras in 1914. [Ans. Emden] [Ans. National rivalry]
17. _______, an American ship, was torpedoed by a 34. _______ was the Imperialist Prime Minister of
German submarine in 1917. [Ans. Lusitania] South Africa.[Ans. Cecil Rhodes]
18. On ________, the peace treaty was signed in the 35. Japan entered into an alliance with _______ in
Hall of Mirrors at Versailles.[Ans. 28 June, 1919] 1902.[Ans. England]
19. The I World war gave a great fillip to the _______ 36. After the Russo-Japanese War, Japan entered the
in the West and the East. _______.
[Ans. women's movement]
[Ans. “Charmed circle of the great Powers”]
9

37. Under the guidance of _______, they had formed 55. 22 January 1905 is known as _______ in Russian
the Triple Alliance in 1882. Revolution.[Ans. Bloody Sunday]
HISTORY
[Ans. Bismarck] 56. The Tamil Poet _______ welcomed the Russian
38. The Anglo-Japanese alliance resulted in the Revolution by his poem.[Ans. Bharathiyar]
_______ in 1904.[Ans. Entente Cordiale] 57. _______ became Prime Minister leading a new
39. _______ and _______ were old rivals. coalition of liberals and moderate Socialists.
[Ans. France, Germany] [Ans. Kerensky]
40. _______ intentionally recognised the 58. The Bolshevik Party was renamed the _______
independence of the Sultan of Morocco. Party.[Ans. Russian Communist]
[Ans. Kaiser Wilhelm II] 59. The First Secretary General of the League of
L
Nations was _______.
41. The _______ empire extended over the Balkans
and across Hungary to Poland[Ans. Ottoman] [Ans. Sir Eric Drummond]
A
42. The _______ is a frightful example of the atrocity 60. The Principle of _______ could not be applied in
of the Balkan wars. actual practice.[Ans. Collective Security]
D
[Ans. Armenian Genocide] III. Choose the correct statement
43. Turkey was reduced to the area around _______. 1. (i) The British recruited a vast contingent
[Ans. Constantinople] of Indians to serve in Europe, Africa and
44. The climax to these events in the Balkans
A
occurred in _______ in Bosnia[Ans. Sarajevo]
West Asia.
(ii) After the First World War, the soldiers
came back with new ideas but they had no
K
45. _______ was the heir to Franz Joseph Emperor impact on the Indian society.
of Austria - Hungary[Ans. Franz Ferdinand] (iii) India sent war materials to the value of
46. _______ and _______ signed the secret Treaty of £ 250 Million.
London in April 1915.[Ans. France, Italy] (iv) This caused enormous economic distress.
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct
I
47. In the war in Western Front, within a month

_______ seemed almost doomed.[Ans. Paris] (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
LV
(c) (ii) and (iv) are correct

48. In 1917, the _______ in Russia was overthrown
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
in a revolution.[Ans. Tsarist Regime]
[Ans. (d) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct]
49. In the War in the middle east, Turks tried to
attack _______, but were repulsed. 2. (i) Imperialism is the highest stage of
capitalism.
A
[Ans. Suez Canal]

(ii) The need to control the sources of raw
50. President _______ declared war against materials inevitably led to imperialism.
Germany in April 1917.[Ans. Wilson] (iii) Besides being a market for surplus goods,
K
51. All _______ colonies became mandated colonies served another purpose.
territories under the League of Nations. (iv) Imperialism was only about colonies
[Ans. German]
(b) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
52. The War conditions led to the rise of _______ (c) (iv) is correct
movement in India.[Ans. Home Rule] (d) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
53. On the abdication of the Tsar, the _______ [Ans. (d) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct]
government which followed, wanted to continue 3. (i) The Covenant of the League was worked
the war.[Ans. bourgeois] out at the Paris Peace Conference.
54. Nicholas II encouraged Russian expansion in (ii) The secretariat was the executive of the
League.
_______.[Ans. Manchuria]
10
(iii) Even the small nations in the league 2. (1) Napoleon’s defeat (a) London
possessed the right of veto.
(2) Princip (b) Trotsky
HISTORY
(iv) Germany resigned from the league in
1930. (3) German Bomb attack (c) Trafalgar
(4) Rhineland (d) Bosnian serb
(b) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
(c) (i) and (iii) are correct (5) Soviet of worker’s (e) Allies
(d) (ii) and (iv) are correct delegates
[Ans. (c) (i) and (iii) are correct] [Ans. 1 - c, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4- e, 5 - b]
4. Assertion (A) : Militant forms of nationalism V. Answer briefly 2 Marks
contributed to the outbreak of World War I. 1. Why is 20th century called ‘the long nineteenth
century’ by historions?
L
Reason (R) : The love for one country demanded
hatred for another country. Ans. (i) 1914 is a turning point in world history.
(a) A is right but R is not the correct reason (ii) The political and social processes that
A
(b) Both A and R are correct began in 1789 culminated in the First
(c) Both A and R are wrong World War that broke out in that year
(d) R is right but it has no relevance to A. and decisively shaped the course of the
D
[Ans. (b) Both A and R are correct] twentieth century.
(iii) Historians therefore call this as ‘the long
5. Assertion (A) : 1914 is a turning point in world nineteenth century’.
history.
Reason (R) : The political and social processes
that began in 1789 culminated in the I world
war that year (1914) and shaped the course of
A 2. How was the surplus wealth produced by
capitalist industry used?
Ans. The aim of capitalistic industry was to produce
K
the twentieth century. more and more. The surplus wealth thus produced
(a) Both A and R are correct was used to build more factories, railways,
(b) A is right but R is not the correct reason steamships or other such undertakings.
(d) R is right but it has no relevance to A. 3. What is a Trust?
I
[Ans. (a) Both A and R are correct] Ans. A trust is an industrial organisation engaged
6. Assertion (A) : During the first three years of in the production or distribution of any
LV
the I World War, the united states gave only commodity. The trust would possess adequate
moral support and valuable material aid to control over the supply and price of that
Britain and France. commodity to its own advantage.
Reason (R) : They had a very Poor leadership
(a) Both A and R are correct 4. Why did Japan annexe Korea in 1910?
(b) A is right but R is not the correct reason Ans. After 1905 Japan took control of Korean
A
(c) Both A and R are wrong domestic and foreign policy. The assassination
(d) R is right but it has no relevance to A. of a prominent Japanese diplomat provided the
[Ans. (b) A is right but R is not the correct excuse in 1910 for Japan’s annexation of Korea.
K
reason] 5. What heightened the tension between

IV. Match the following Germany and Britain?
Ans. (i) Kaiser proclaimed that Germany would
1. (1) River somme (a) 1,00,000 men be the leader of the world. The German
(2) Lloyd George (b) France navy was expanded.
(ii) Germany’s aggressive diplomacy and
(3) Woodrow Wilson (c) Four month
Battle rapid building of naval bases convinced
Britain that a German navy could be
(4) Clemenceau (d) England directed only against her. Therefore,
(5) German Army (e) USA Britain embarked on a naval race, which
[Ans. 1 - c, 2 - d, 3 - e, 4- b, 5 - a] heightened the tension between the two
powers.
11

6. Name the nine states that opposed the central VI. Answer the following in detail:
powers.
5 Marks
HISTORY
Ans. Nine states that opposed the Central powers 1. Write a note on the fall out of the First World
were: Russia, France, Britain, Italy, the United war.
States, Belgium, Serbia, Romania and Greece.
Ans. (i) The First World War left a deep impact on
7. Write a note on the Tsar’s abortive attempts for European society and polity.
peace. (ii) The outcome, in all countries, was
Ans. (i) Tsar Nicholas II of Russia suggested to the
imbalance between the sexes-a shortage
Powers that they meet together to bring
of men.
about an era of universal peace.
(iii) Soldiers came to be placed above civilians.
(ii) In response two Peace Conferences were (iv) The War and its aftermath turned out to be
held at The Hague in Holland in 1899
L
a stirring period of history.
and 1907, but in vain. (v) The most striking of all was the rise and
8. Give an account of the supremacy of Allies in consolidation of the Soviet Union, the
A
seas U.S.S.R or the Union of Socialist and
Ans. (i) The epicenter of the struggle was the Soviet Republics, as it was called.
western front and the seas. (vi) America entered the War as a debtor
D
(ii) As the Allies controlled the sea-routes, country but it emerged as the money-
they cut off the supply of food and other lender to the world in the aftermath of the
material reaching the Central Powers. War.
(iii) In Germany and Austria women and
children suffered from hunger and
A
privation. Germany attacked England by
(vii) Another outstanding event of this period
was the awakening of the colonies and
their inspired attempts to gain freedom.
K
air.
2. Give an account of popular uprisings in Russia.
(iv) Bombs were thrown on London and places
where there were major factories. Ans. (i) Even on 23 February 1917, when the
socialists celebrated International
(v) The Germans introduced poison gas and
soon both sides resorted to it use. Working Women’s Day on that day, the
I
Tsar seemed unchallengeable. But he had

9. Why did America enter the first World war? to abdicate on the morning of 2 March.
LV
Ans. In January 1917, Lusitania, an American

(ii) Though none called for strikes fearing that
ship, was torpedoed by a German submarine.
the time was not ripe for militant action.
There was a lot of resentment in the USA and
President Wilson declared war against Germany The bread shortages among women
in April 1917. America’s entry with its enormous textile workers, many with husbands
resources made Allied victory a foregone in the army, forced them to go on strike
A
conclusion. anyway and march through the factory

10. What were the objectives of the League of areas of Petrograd, the capital of the
Nations? Russian Empire.
K
Ans. (i) The two-fold objective of the League of (iii) Masses of women workers demanding
Nations was to avoid war and maintain “Bread for workers” waved their arms
peace in the world and to promote towards factory workers and shouted
international cooperation in economic “Come out!” “Stop work!”
and social affairs. (iv) The city’s 400,000 workers joined the
(ii) The League intended to act as conciliator movement the next day (24 February).
and arbitrator and thereby resolve a
dispute in its early stages. 3. What was the outcome of the Russian
(iii) If wars should break out despite Revolution?
arbitration, the members should apply Ans. (i) The Russian Communist Party eliminated
sanctions to the aggressor-first economic illiteracy and poverty in Russia within a
and then military. record time.
12
(ii) Russian industry and agriculture had (viii) Thereafter the League was a passive witness
developed remarkably. to events, taking no part in the crises over
HISTORY
(iii) Women were given equal rights, including the Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia
rights to vote. and Poland.
(iv) Industries and banks were nationalised. (ix) The last decisive action it took was in
Land was announced as social property. December 1939 when Russia was expelled
(v) Land was distributed to poor peasants. for her attack on Finland.
(vi) Lenin thought the most important factor (x) The Assembly did not meet again and the
for the fall of Provisional government was League of Nations was finally dissolved in
its failure to withdraw from World War. 1946.
(vii) So Lenin immediately appealed for peace. VII. Answer
L
all the questions given
(viii) Unmindful of the harsh terms dictated
under each caption.
by the Central Powers, Lenin opted for
A
withdrawing from the War to concentrate 1. Balkan Wars [GMQP-2019; QY-2019]
on the formation of new government. (a) Why was Balkan League formed?
(ix) In March 1918 the Treaty of Brest– Litovsk Ans. (i) The Balkan League was formed by
D
was signed. Russia to expel the Turks from the
4. What were the issues and incidents of violations Balkans.
of the league of nations? A (ii) Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria and
Ans. (i) One of the major problems confronting Montenegro formed the Balkan
the European powers was how to achieve League in March 1912 and defeated
the Turkish forces in the first Balkan
K
disarmament.
War.
(ii) In 1925 the Council of the League set
(b) What was the outcome of the first Balkan
up a commission to hold a Disarmament War?
Conference to sort out the problem.
Ans. (i) The Turkish forces were defeated.
I
(iii) But the proposed conference materialised

(ii) The Treaty of London was signed in
only in February 1932. In this Conference,
LV
May 1913 and a new state of Albania

Germany’s demand of equality of arms
was created.
with France was rejected. In October
(iii) Turkey was reduced to the area
Hitler withdrew Germany from the
around Constantinople.
Conference and the League.
(c) Who were defeated in this war?
(iv) Japan attacked Manchuria in September
Ans. The Turkish forces.
A
1931 and the League condemned Japan.

(d) What was the name of the Treaty signed
(v) So Japan also followed the example of
at the end of this second Balkan War?
Germany and resigned from the League.
K
Ans. The Second Balkan War ended with the

(vi) In the context of Italy’s attack on Ethiopia, signing of the Treaty of Bucharest in
the League applied sanctions. August 1913..
(vii) As the sanctions came into effect, Italy
resigned from the League in 1937.

13
Unit test
HISTORY
[Time: 60 Minutes] [Total: 25 Marks]
I. Choose the correct answer IV. Match the following (4 × 1 = 4)

(3 × 1 = 3) (1) Kemal Pasha (a) England
1. What is the Battle of Marne remembered for?
(a) air warfare (b) trench warfare (2) Hall of Mirrors (b) South Africa
(c) submarine warfare (d) ship warfare (3) Lloyd George (c) Turkey
2. Which country emerged as the strongest in (4) Cecil Rhodes (d) Versailles
L
East Asia towards the close of nineteenth
century?
(a) China (b) Japan
V. Answer the questions briefly
A
(c) Korea (d) Mongolia (4 × 2 = 8)
3. Lenin was influenced by the ideas of ______ 1. What was the role of Mustafa Kemal Pasha?
(a) Confucius (b) Plato
D
2. What is a Trust?
(c) Mao-Tse-Tung (d) Karl Marx
3. What were the three militant forms of
II. Fill in the blanks (3 × 1 = 3) nationalism in Europe?
heavy losses.
A
1. In the battle of Tannenberg _______ suffered 4. Name the nine states that opposed the central
powers.
VI. Write in detail answer (1 × 5 = 5)
2. Locarno Treaty was signed in the year _______.
K
3. __________ was the famous cruiser which 1. Explain the course of the Russian Revolution
bombarded Madras in 1914. under the leadership of Lenin.
III. Choose the correct statement

I
(2 × 1 = 2)
1. (i) The Turkish Empire contained many A nswers
LV
non-Turkish people in the Balkans.

(ii) Turkey fought on the side of the central I. 1. (b) trench warfare
powers 2. (b) Japan
(iii) Britain attacked Turkey and captured
3. (d) Karl Marx
Constantinople
(iv) Turkey’s attempt to attack Suez Canal but II. 1. Russia
A
were repulsed. 2. 1925

(a) (i) and (ii) are correct 3. Emden
(b) (i) and (iii) are correct
K
(c) (iv) is correct III. 1. (d) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
(d) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct 2. (a) Both A and R are correct]
2. Assertion : The first European attempts to IV. 1 - c, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4- b
carve out colonies in Africa resulted in bloody V. 1. Refer Sura’s Guide V - 5
battles. 2. Refer Sura’s Guide V - 3 (A)
Reason : There was stiff resistance from the 3. Refer Sura’s Guide V - 3
native population.
4. Refer Sura’s Guide V - 6 (A)
(a) Both A and R are correct
VI. 1. Refer Sura’s Guide VI - 3
(c) Both A and R are wrong 
14
Unit 2
The World between Two
World Wars
L
A
Learning Objectives
D
To acquaint ourselves with
ªª The post-World War I developments leading to the Great Depression.

A
ªª The unjust provisions of Treaty of Versailles and the rise of fascist governments
led by Mussolini in Italy and Hitler in Germany.
K
ªª Anti-colonial struggles and the decolonisation process in the colonized
world: Case Studies of Indo-French in South-East Asia and India in South
Asia.
I
ªª European Colonisation in Africa – The case of Britain in South Africa.

LV
ªª Independence struggles and political developments in South America

A
Exercise
I. Choose the correct answer
K
3. Who made Peru as part of their dominions?

1. With whom of the following was the Lateran (a) English (b) Spaniards
Treaty signed by Italy? [GMQP-19; QY&HY-2019] (c) Russians (d) French
(a) Germany (b) Russia
[Ans. (b) Spaniards]
(c) Pope (d) Spain
[Ans. (c) Pope] 4. Which President of the USA pursued “Good
Neighbour” policy towards Latin America?
2. With whose conquest did the Mexican
civilization collapse? (a) Roosevelt (b) Truman
(a) Hernan Cortes (b) Francisco Pizarro (c) Woodrow Wilson (d) Eisenhower
(c) Toussaint Louverture (d) Pedro I [Ans. (a) Roosevelt]
[Ans. (a) Hernan Cortes]
15

5. Which part of the world disliked dollar (a) Both A and R are correct
imperialism? [PTA-2]
(b) A is right but R is not the correct explanation
HISTORY
(a) Europe (b) Latin America

(c) India (d) China
(d) R is right but it has no relevance to A
[Ans. (b) Latin America]
II. Fill in the blanks explanation]
1. The founder of the Social Democratic Party was 3. Assertion (A) : The Berlin Colonial Conference
_____________. [Ans. Ferdinand Lassalle] of 1884–85 had resolved that Africa should be
2. The Nazi Party’s propaganda was led by divided into spheres of influence of various
L
_____________. [Ans. Josef Goebbels] colonial powers.
3. The Vietnam Nationalist Party was formed in Reason (R) : The war between the British
A
_____________. [Ans. 1927] and Boers in South Africa, however, was in
defiance of this resolution.
4. The Secret State Police in Nazi Germany was
known as _______. [Ans. Gestapo] [QY-2019] (a) Both A and R are right
D
(b) A is right but R is not the right reason
5. The Union of South Africa came into being in
May _____________. [HY-2019] [Ans. 1910] (c) Both A and R are wrong
the bars for ________ years.

A
6. The ANC leader Nelson Mandela was put behind
[Ans. 27]
(d) A is wrong and R has no relevance to A
[Ans. (a) Both A and R are right]
K
7. Boers were also known as _____________. IV. Match the following
[Ans. Afrikaners]
(1) Transvaal - Germany
III. Choose the correct statement (2) Tongking - Hitler
1. (i) During World War I the primary task of
(3) Hindenburg - Italy
I
Italy was to keep the Austrians occupied

(4) Third Reich - gold
LV
on the Southern Front

(ii) Germany took to Fascism much later than (5) Matteotti - guerilla activities
Italy. Ans. (1) Transvaal - gold
(iii) The first huge market crash in the US
occurred on 24 October 1929. (2) Tongking - guerilla activities
(iv) The ban on African National Congress was (3) Hindenburg - Germany
A
lifted in 1966. [PTA-1] (4) Third Reich - Hitler

(a) (i) and (ii) are correct (5) Matteotti - Italy
K
(b) (iii) is correct

(c) (iii) and (iv) are correct V. Answer briefly
(d) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct 1. What do you know of the White Terror in
[Ans. (d) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct] Indo-China? [PTA-6]
Ans. (i) The mainstream political party in Indo-
2. Assertion (A) : A new wave of economic China was the Vietnam Nationalist Party.
nationalism which expressed itself in (ii) In 1929 the Vietnamese soldiers
protectionism affected the world trade. mutinied, and there was a failed attempt
to assassinate the French Governor-
Reason (R) : This was because the USA was not
General.
willing to provide economic aid to the debtor
countries. [PTA-5]
16
The World between Two World Wars Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE
(iii) This was followed by a large scale peasant (iv) The great fall in prices prompted Indian
revolt led by the Communists. nationalists to demand protection for the
HISTORY
(iv) The revolt was crushed and thousands internal economy.
of rebels were killed. This is known as 6. Define “Dollar Imperialism.” [PTA-2]
“White Terror” in Indo-China. Ans. Dollar Imperialism, the term used to describe the
2. Discuss the importance of Ottawa Economic policy of the USA in maintaining and dominating
Summit. over distant lands through economic aid.
Ans. (i) The ‘Great Depression’ of 1929 had a VI. Answer in detail
disastrous impact on British trade and
1. Trace the circumstances that led to the rise of
business.
Hitler in Germany.
(ii) Britain transmitted the effects of
L
Depression to its colonies. Ans. Evolution of German Fascism :
(iii) Bilateral trade treaties between Britain (1) The origin of German fascism goes back
to 1919 when a group of seven men met
A
and the member states of the British
Empire were signed at an economic in Munich and founded the National
summit in Ottawa in 1932. Socialist German Workers’ Party.
(iv) The participants (including India) agreed (2) During World War I, he served in the
D
to give preference to imperial (British) Bavarian army. In 1923 Hitler attempted
over non-imperial goods. to capture power in Bavaria. His launch of
3. What was the result of Mussolini’s march on A the National Revolution on the outskirts
Rome? of Munich landed him in prison.
Ans. (i) In October 1922, in the context of a long (3) During his time in prison wrote on it (My
Struggle), an autobiographical book
K
ministerial crisis, Mussolini organised the
Fascist March on Rome. containing his political ideas.
(ii) Impressed by the show of force, the King The Nazi state of Hitler:
invited Mussolini to form a government. (1) Republican government fell, as the
(iii) The inability of the Democratic Party Communists refused to collaborate
I
leaders to combine and act with resolution with the Social Democrats. Thereupon
LV
facilitated Mussolini’s triumph. industrialists, bankers and Junkers

4. Point out the essence of the Berlin Colonial prevailed upon President Von Hindenburg
Conference, 1884-85. to designate Hitler as Chancellor in
Ans. (i) The Berlin Colonial Conference of 1884– 1933. The Nazi state of Hitler, known
85 resolved that Africa should be divided as Third Reich brought an end to the
into spheres of influence of various parliamentary democracy.
A
colonial powers. (2) Hitler replaced the flag of the Weimar

(ii) The war between the British and Boers in republic by the swastika banners of
South Africa, however, was in defiance of National Socialism.
K
this resolution. (3) The army of brown-shirted and jack-

5. How did Great Depression impact on the booted storm-troopers was expanded.
Indian agriculture? Trade unions were abolished, their leaders
Ans. (i) The ‘Great Depression’ also dealt a were arrested. Strikes were made illegal,
death blow to Indian agriculture and the wages were fixed by the government.
indigenous manufacturing sector. (4) The Nazi Party’s propaganda was led by
(ii) The value of farm produce declined by Josef Goebbels, who manipulated public
half, while the land rent to be paid by the opinion through planned propaganda.
peasant remained unchanged. (5) In August 1934 President Hindenburg died
(iii) In terms of prices of agricultural and Hitler, apart from being Chancellor,
commodities, the obligation of the farmers became both President and Commander–
to the state doubled. in-Chief of the armed forces.
17

2. Attempt a narrative account of how the process (ii) However the decision of Britain to
of decolonization happened in India during involve India in the Second World War,
HISTORY
the inter-war period (1919-39). without consulting the popular Congress

Ans. Dyarchy in Provinces ministries, forced the latter to resign from
(i) The decolonization process started in office.
India from the beginning of the twentieth 3. Describe the rise and growth of nationalist
century with the launch of the Swadeshi politics in South Africa. [PTA-1]
Movement in 1905. Ans. There were two main political parties :
(ii) In 1919, the Government of India Act (i) The Unionist Party which was mainly
introduced Dyarchy that provided for British, and the South Africa Party which
elected provincial assemblies as well as for had largely Afrikaners (Boers).
L
Indian ministers to hold certain portfolios (ii) The first Prime Minister, Botha belonged
under Transferred Subjects. to the South Africa Party ruled in
(iii) The Indian National Congress rejected cooperation with the British.
A
Dyarchy and decided to boycott the (iii) But a militant section of the South Africa
legislature. Party formed the National Party under
Herzog.
D
Lack of Measures to Industrialise India
(i) Despite the discriminating protection (iv) In the 1920 elections the National Party
given to certain select industries such as gained forty-four seats.
A
sugar, cement, and chemicals, there was
no change in the colonial economic policy.
(ii) But in the case of indigenous industries,
(v) The South Africa Party, now led by Smuts,
secured forty-one seats.
(vi) At this juncture the British-dominated
K
support was only in the form of providing Unionist Party merged with the South
“technical advice and education, and the Africa Party.
establishment of pioneer factories in new (vii) This gave Smuts a majority over the
industries”. militant Afrikaner controlled National
(iii) However, even this policy was soon Party.
I
abandoned as many British enterprises (viii) The Afrikaners pursued a harsher, racist
LV
were opposed to this. policy towards the blacks and the minority
Impact of Depression on Indian Agriculture Indians.
(i) The value of farm produce, declined by (ix) The Act of 1913 had segregated black and
half, while the land rent to be paid by the white farmers, which made it impossible
peasant remained unchanged. for the blacks to acquire land in most
A
(ii) In terms of prices of agricultural parts of the country.

commodities, the obligation of the farmers (x) The Act passed in 1924 prevented blacks
to the state doubled. from striking work and from joining
K
(iii) The great fall in prices prompted Indian trade unions.

nationalists to demand protection for the (xi) In the Cape Province the voting right
internal economy. to blacks was abolished. Native Blacks
Government of India Act, 1935 suffered in all spheres: social, economic
(i) This Act provided for greater power of the and politics.
local governments and the introduction VII. Activity
of direct elections. In the 1937 elections 1. Each student may be asked to write an
the Congress won a resounding victory in assignment on how each sector and each
most of the provinces. section of population in the USA came to be
affected by the Stock Market Crash in 1929.
Ans. Activity to be done by Students themselves.
18
2. A group project work on Vietnam War is desirable. An album or pictures, portraying the air attacks of
the US on Vietnam and the brave resistance put up by the Vietnamese may be prepared.
HISTORY
Ans. Activity to be done by Students themselves.
pta Questions & AnsWers

(vi) He passed a law forbidding strikes and
1 Mark lockouts.
1. Which quickened the process of liberation in (vii) Unions and employers were organized
South America? [PTA-3] into corporations which would settle
(a) Support of US wages and working conditions.
L
(b) Napoleonic Invasion (viii) In 1938 Parliament was abolished and
(c) Simon Bolivar’s involvement was replaced by a body representing the
Fascist Party and the corporations.
(d) French Revolution
A
(ix) This new arrangement bolstered
[Ans. (b) Napoleonic Invasion] Mussolini’s dictatorial control of the
2 Marks economy, as well as enabling him to
D
1. What were the provisions incorporated in the wield enormous power as head of the
Lateran Treaty? [PTA-5] administration and the armed forces.
Ans. (i) In order to give respectability to the A 2. How did the decisions of the Paris peace
Fascist Party, Mussolini won over the conference cause for the rise of Facism in Italy?
Roman Catholic Church by recognising [PTA-4]
the Vatican City as an independent state.
K
Ans. The decisions of the Paris peace conference:
(ii) In return the Church recognised the (i) The defeated powers were absent from
Kingdom of Italy. negotiations.
(iii) The Roman Catholic faith was made the (ii) Italy was much disappointed at the peace
religion of Italy and compulsory religious settlement.
I
teaching in school was ordered. (iii) Despite suffering heavily she was given
LV
(iv) The Lateran Treaty incorporating the said merely small places such as Trieste, Istria
provisions was signed in 1929. and the south Tyrol.
5 Marks (iv) The war and its aftermath turned out to be
a stirring period of history.
1. Write about the rise of Mussolini in Italy.
[PTA-3] Causes of rise of Fascism in Italy:
A
Ans. (i) In the 1924 elections, after intimidation of (i) In the elections held November 1919 in
the electors, 65 per cent of the votes were the aftermath of the Treaty of Versailles,
cast for the Fascists. Italian socialists, proclaiming that they
K
(ii) Matteotti, a socialist leader, who were following Bolshevism, won about a
questioned fairness of the elections was third of the seats.
murdered. (ii) The Fascists resorted to violence freely.
(iii) The opposition parties boycotted the (iii) The inability of the Democratic Party
Parliament in protest. leaders to combine and act with resolution
(iv) Mussolini reacted by banning opposition facilitated Mussolini’s triumph.
parties and censoring the Press. (iv) Assuming the title of II Duce (the leader),
Opposition leaders were killed or in 1926 he became a dictator with power
imprisoned. to legislate.
(v) Assuming the title of Il Duce (the leader),
in 1926 he became a dictator with power
to legislate.
19
Govt. Exam Questions & AnsWers

for the independence for Vietnam. His
HISTORY
1 Mark
articles in newspapers and especially the
1. Latin America protested the _____ of U.S.A. pamphlet,French Colonialism on Trial, made
[Ans. American intervension and dollar him well known as a Vietnam nationalist.
imperialism] [Sep-2020] (i) The mainstream political party in Indo-
2 Marks China was the VietnamNationalist Party.
Formed in 1927, it was composedof the
1. Explain the Monroe Doctrine. [GMQP-2019;
wealthy and middle class sections of
QY-2019]
the population. In 1929 the Vietnamese
Ans. (i) Monroe, the President of the USA, came
L
soldiers mutinied, and there was a
up with his famous Monroe doctrine. failed attempt to assassinate the French
(ii) It declared that if Europeans interfered Governor-General. This was followed
A
anywhere in America, north or south, it by a large scale peasant revolt led by the
would amount to waging a war against the Communists. The revolt was crushed
United States. This threat frightened the followed by what is called “White Terror.”
D
European powers. Thousands of rebels were killed.
8 Marks (ii) After the White Terror, Ho Chi Minh
1. Write short notes on Ho Chi Minh and the left for Moscow and spent the 1930s in
emergence of Viet Minh. [Sep-2020]
Ans. Ho Chi Minh (1890-1969) was born in
A Moscow and China.
(iii) Crossing over the border into Vietnam in
January 1941, they organized the League
Tongking. When Ho Chi Minh was twenty
K
one, he went to Europe. After working as for the Independence of Vietnam, or
a cook in a London hotel, he went to Paris. Viet Minh. This gave renewed emphasis
In the Paris peace conference, he lobbied to a distinct Vietnamese nationalism.

I
A
I. Choose the correct answer : 4. In England, the ______ party was defeated in
LV
the general elections of 1931.

1 Mark (a) Labour (b) Republican
1. The ________ powers were gravely weakened (c) Socialist (d) Communist
by the war, financially and politically. [Ans. (a) Labour]
(a) Asian (b) European
5. The first nation of Western Europe to turn
A
(c) African (d) Australian

against the ruling regime was______
[Ans. (b) European]
(a) France (b) Italy
2. After the I World war, the situation was made (c) Germany (d) Spain
K
worse by the political complication caused by [Ans. (b) Italy]

the ______
(a) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 6. The Fascist Party was founded in the year ___
(b) Treaty of Bucharest (a) 1918 (b) 1920
(c) Treaty of Versailles (c) 1919 (d) 1921
(d) Treaty of London [Ans. (c) 1919]
[Ans. (c) Treaty of Versailles] 7. Between 1871 and 1914, _______ had risen
3. Devaluation led to a world-wide credit ______. to dizzy heights of economic, political and
cultural accomplishments.
(a) expansion (b) upheaval
(a) India (b) Germany
(c) growth (d) contraction
(c) Italy (d) Britain
[Ans. (d) contraction] [Ans. (b) Germany]
20
8. Ho Chi Minh was inspired by______ 18. The mainstream political party in Indo-China
(a) Mao-Tse-Tung (b) Lenin was the ________ party.
HISTORY
(c) Mortague (d) Hitler (a) Democratic (b) Socialist
[Ans. (a) Mao-Tse-Tung] (c) Vietnam Nationalist (d) Congress
9. ______ became the first Caribbean country to [Ans. (c) Vietnam Nationalist]
throw off slavery and French colonial control 19. The decolonization process started in India
(a) Cuba (b) Jamaica with the launch of the ________ Movement in
(c) Guyana (d) Haiti 1905.
[Ans. (c) Haiti] (a) Home rule (b) Khilafat
10. At the dawn of the 20th Century ______ had (c) Quit India (d) Swadeshi
occupied Cuba and Puerto Rico
[Ans. (d) Swadeshi]
(a) The United Kingdom
L
(b) The United States 20. The call given by the Congress for a _______
movement, evoked tremendous response in
(c) Germany (d) Italy
rural India.
[Ans. (b) The United States]
A
11. ______ Was the American President in 1904. (a) Civil disobedience (b) Quit India
(a) Abraham Lincoln (c) Swadeshi (d) Khilafat
(b) Franklin Roosevelt [Ans. (a) Civil Disobedience]
D
(c) Theodore Roosevelt 21. In the 1937 elections, the _______ won a
(d) George Washington resounding victory in most of the provinces.
[Ans. (c) Theodore Roosevelt] (a) Congress (b) Communist
12. The monarch of Brazil fell in ______
(a) 1885
(c) 1889
(b) 1888
(d) 1890
A (c) Socialist

(d) Democratic
[Ans. (a) Congress]
K
[Ans. (c) 1889] 22. The union of South Africa came into being in
13. The first huge stock market crash occurred in ________.
________. (a) May 1911 (b) May 1910
(a) 1927 (b) 1929 (c) March 1912 (d) April 1913
(c) 1928 (d) 1926 [Ans. (b) May 1910]
I
[Ans. (b) 1929] II. Fill in the blanks :

LV
14. After the breakdown of system of exchange the

1. At the end of the World War I __________ was
_________ found itself in bankruptcy.
financially in a sound position. [Ans. America]
(a) Bank of America (b) Hong Kong Bank
(c) Bank of England (d) Indian Bank 2. The stock market crash in the US was followed
[Ans. (c) Bank of England] by the failure of _____.
15. The first of the nations of Western Europe to [Ans. American banks]
A
turn against the old ruling regime was _______.

3. ______ forced creditors to stop lending.
(a) Italy (b) Germany
(c) USA (d) Britain [Ans. Devaluation]
K
[Ans. (a) Italy] 4. In the USA, the _______ party was rejected
16. In the 1924 elections, ________ of the votes by the people in successive elections for about
were cast for the Fascists in Italy. twenty years, after the Depression.
(a) 75% (b) 80%
[Ans. Republican]
(c) 60% (d) 65%
[Ans. (d) 65%] 5. ______ was the son of a blacksmith.
17. The reparations and other clauses in the [Ans. Mussolini]
_______ caused acute discontent and hardship.
(a) Treaty of London 6. Mussolini assured the title of _______ meaning
(b) Treaty of Versailles 'the leader'. [Ans. Duce]
(c) Lateran Treaty (d) Munich Pact
[Ans. (b) Treaty of Versailles]
21

7. In 1935, Mussolini invaded ______. 23. In 1821, Central America seceded from _______.
[Ans. Ethiopia] [Ans. Mexico]
HISTORY
8. The Social Democratic Party was outlawed 24. The ______ had barred European interference
soon after the _____ came to power. in the affairs of the American continent.
[Ans. Nazis] [Ans. Monroe Doctrine]
25. The withdrawal of American capital was
9. The Boers hated the people whom they referred
aggravated by the _________ in 1929.
to as _______. [Ans. Uitlanders]
[Ans. US market crash]
10. The South Africa act passed by the British
26. England decided to leave the _________ as the
parliament in 1909 provinced for a Union
situation did not improve after the stock market
Parliament at _______. [Ans. Cape Town]
L
crash.[Ans. Gold standard]
11. In 1930's the emergence of the ______ was seen 27. ________ was the socialist leader, who
as a militant mass movement in India. questioned the fairness of elections in Italy.
A
[Ans. Indian National Congress] [Ans. Matteotti]
12. In 1924, elections were won by the ______with 28. Between 1871 and 1914 ________ had risen to
dizzy heights of economic, political and cultural
D
the support of the Labour movement in South
Africa.[Ans. National Party] accomplishments.[Ans. Germany]
29. The National Socialist German Workers Party
13. In spite of misunderstandings and disagreements
_______ alliance lasted until 1939 in South
Africa.
A
[Ans. Smuts - Herzog]
was abbreviated as ________.[Ans. Nazi Party]
30. The Nazi state of Hitler, known as _________
brought an end to the parliamentary democracy.
K
14. Around the 11th century, large cities formed into [Ans. Third Reich]
a league of _______ of Native Americans. 31. Hitler replaced the flag of the Weimar republic by
[Ans. Mayapan] the __________ banners of National Socialism.
15. __________ Who was the Prime Minister of [Ans. Swastika]
32. The Gestapo was formed and run by ________.
I
South Africa from 1958 to 1966 was the brain

behind the apartheid policy. [Ans. Verwoerd] [Ans. Himmler]
LV
33. The Nazi termed the killing of 6 million Jews in

16. A Spaniard named ______ led the conquest of Europe as _________.
the Incan Empire. [Ans. Francisco Pizarro] [Ans. The Final Solution]
17. The American and French Revolutions provided 34. Himmler’s second in command was _________,
inspiration to the ________. who was responsible for the concentration
camps.[Ans. Heydrich]
A
[Ans. Latin Americans]

35. Hitler’s deliberate attempts to breach the
18. The ______ invasion of Spain and Portugal in _________ led to the outbreak of Second World
1808 quickened the process of liberation struggle
K
War.[Ans. Treaty of Versailles]

in South America. [Ans. Napoleonic] 36. Social Democratic Party was founded on 23 May
19. _______ was also called El. Liberator. 1863 in _________.[Ans. Leipzig]
[Ans. Simon Bolivar] 37. The mainstream political party in Indo-China
was the _____ party.[Ans. Veitnam Nationalist]
20. _______ renouncing the claim to the Portuguese 38. The peasant revolt in Indo China was crushed by
throne declared the independence of Brazil. __________.[Ans. White Terror]
[Ans. Pedro I] 39. The pamphlet, ________ made Ho Chi Minh
21. From 1898 to 1902 ______ was under US well known as a Vietnam Nationalist.
military rule. [Ans. Cuba] [Ans. French Colonialism]
40. The ________ of 1929, had a disastrous impact
22. Latin America disliked ______. on British trade and business.
[Ans. Dollar Imperialism] [Ans. Great Depression]
22
41. Britain’s need for gold in the crisis years was met 4. Assertion (A) : Mussolini won over the Roman
from the export of gold from ________. Catholic Church by recognizing the Vatican
HISTORY
[Ans. India] city as an independent state.
42. The language of the Boers was _________. Reason (R) : He wanted to give respectability
[Ans. Afrikaans] to the Fascist party.
43. The ban on African National Congress was lifted (a) Both A and R are correct
in __________. [Ans. 1990] (b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
44. _________ was the first black president of South (c) Both A and R are wrong
Africa. [Ans. Nelson Mandela] (d) R is right but A is wrong.
45. Even though apartheid was dismantled, the [Ans. (a) Both A and R are correct]
_________ completely dominate the economic 5. Assertion (A) : In the Boer war camps, shortage
of food, medical and sanitary facilities caused
[Ans. Whites]
L
sphere.
the death of 26,000 people.
III. Choose the correct statement Reason (R) : There were clashes among the
1. (i) When the first world war came to an end, people in the camp.
A
the industries that grew to meet war-time (a) Both A and R are correct
requirements had to be abandoned or
modified. (b) A is right but R has no relevance to A
(c) A is right but R is not the correct explanation
D
(ii) Huge stocks had to be disposed off and
large numbers of workers had to be sacked. (d) R is right but A is wrong.
(iii) At the end of the World War I, Germany [Ans. (c) A is right but R is not the correct
was financially in a sound position. explanation]
(iv) America encouraged the flow of capital
into Europe.
A 6. Assertion : In the sixteenth century, when the
Aztecs were at the height of their power, the
Mexican empire collapsed.
K
Reason : A handful of adventures led by a
Spaniard named Hernan Cortes made an
(c) (iv) is correct attack on Mexico.
(d) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct (a) Both A and R are correct
[Ans. (b) (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct] (b) A is right but R is not the right reason.
I
2. (i) People held the rulers of Italy responsible (c) Both A and R are wrong
LV
for the humiliation at Versailles.

(ii) Mussolini was qualified as an elementary [Ans. (a)Both A and R are correct]
school master. 7. Assertion : The congress ministers elected in
(iii) Mussolini was a forceful speaker. 1937 were forced to resign from office.
(iv) Matteotti was a socialist leader Reason : Britain decided to involve India in the
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct second World War, without consulting them.
A
(a) Both A and R are wrong

(c) All the four are correct (b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
(d) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct (c) Both A and R are correct
[Ans. (c) All the four are correct] (d) R is right but A is wrong
K
3. (i) Apartheid Became the racial policy of the [Ans. (c) Both A and R are correct]
Socialist Party in 1947.
(ii) Marriage between white and non - white IV. Match the following :
was forbidden.
(iii) The African National Congress founded in 1. (1) Social Democratic (a) Killing of jews
1912 fought the practice of racism. party
(iv) In the elections held subsequently the (2) Tenochtitlan (b) Leipzig
Africans were allowed to vote. (3) The final solution (c) German
(a) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct President
(b) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
(c) (i) and (iv) are correct (4) Fall of Hitler (d) Mexico
(d) (ii), (iv) are correct (5) Von Hindenburg (e) 1945
[Ans. (b) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct] [Ans. 1 - b, 2 - d, 3 - a, 4- e, 5 - c]
23
2. (1) Toussiant (a) Mexico (iv) Later they were turned into extermination
Louverture camps where industrial means of murder
such as gas chambers were used to kill
HISTORY
(2) Simon Bolivar (b) Brazil Jews.

(3) Central America (c) 1791 - 1804
5. Name the countries that were accorded
(4) Uruguay (d) Gran Dominion Status prior to 1939.
Columbia
Ans. Canada,New Zealand, the Union of South Africa
(5) Venezula & (e) The Liberator and Ireland.
Ecuador
6. Why did British miners settle in large numbers
[Ans. 1 - c, 2 - e, 3 - a, 4- b, 5 - d]
in and around Johannesburg?
3. (1) Vietnam Nationalist Party (a) 1919 Ans. The discovery of gold in Transvaal, in 1886, led
L
(2) Dyarchy in India (b) 1932 to large numbers of British miners settling in and
around Johannesburg.
(3) Ottawa economic summit (c) 1935
A
7. What is Apartheid?
(4) Government of India Act (d) 1926
Ans. Apartheid, which means separateness, became
(5) The Imperial Conference (e) 1927
the racial policy of the Nationalist Party in 1947.
D
[Ans. 1 - e, 2 - a, 3 - b, 4- c, 5 - d]
8. What are the five republics that split from
V. Answer briefly 2 Marks Central America?
1. Why do historians call breakdown of the A Ans. Central America itself split into five republics
International system of exchange at the Great Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras,
Depression?
and Nicaragua.
Ans. (i) The defensive measures adopted by
K
various nations to safeguard its economic 9. How was president Theodore Roosevelts
interests led to an unprecedented decline attitude to Latin American countries summed
in world economic activity. up?
(ii) As its effect was deep and prolonged Ans. "Speak softly and carry a big stick".
economists and historians call it the Great
I
Depression. 10. Write a note on Good Neighbour Policy.

2. What is Gold standard? Ans. Franklin Roosevelt in his “Good Neighbour”
LV
Ans. Gold Standard is a monetary system where

policy agreed that the US would not intervene
in the internal affairs of any state, and would
a country’s currency or paper money carried a
give economic and technical assistance to Latin
value directly linked to gold.
America.
3. Write a note on Fascism.
VI. Answer in detail 5 Marks
Ans. Fascism is a form of radical authoritarian
A
1. Give an account of Boer Wars.

ultra-nationalism, characterized by dictatorial
Ans. (i) The relations between the two British
power,forcible suppression of opposition and
colonies of Natal and Cape Colony
strong regimentation of society and of the
K
and the two independent Boer states of

economy,which came to prominence in early Transvaal and the Orange Free State had
20th-century Europe. long been unfriendly.
4. Write a note on Nazi policy towards jews. (ii) The discovery of gold in Transvaal, in 1886,
Ans. (i) Along with the repressive measures, led to large numbers of British miners
Hitler’s government followed a policy of settling in and around Johannesburg.
repressing Jewish people. (iii) The Boers hated these people whom they
(ii) The Jews were removed from government referred to as Uitlanders (foreigners).
positions, excluded from the universities The Boers taxed them heavily apart from
and deprived of citizenship. denying political rights.
(iii) Jewish businesses were closed down, and (iv) Fearing attacks from the British, the
their establishments were attacked. Boers armed themselves and decided to
attack.
24
(v) The Boer War lasted for three years, from VII. Answer the questions given
1899 to 1902. Initially, the Boers were under each caption
HISTORY
successful.
(vi) In retaliation the British destroyed farms 1. Ho Chi Minh [QY-2019; HY-2019]
and crops. They set up internment camps (a) Where was Ho Chi Minh born?
for Boer women and children. Ans. Ho Chi Minh was born in Tongking in
(vii) Shortage of food, medical and sanitary 1890.
facilities caused the death of 26,000 (b) How did Ho Chi Minh become a popular
people. Vietnam Nationalist?
(viii) In 1907 full responsible government was
Ans. His articles in newspapers and especially
given to the Transvaal and the Orange
Free State. the pamphlet, French Colonialism on
L
Trial, made him well known as a Vietnam
(ix) The four states formed into a union and
the South Africa Act passed by the British nationalist.
parliament in 1909 provided for a Union (c) What do you know of Ho Chi Minh’s
A
Parliament at Cape Town. Revolutionary Youth Movement?
(x) The Union of South Africa came into Ans. (i) In 1923 Ho Chi Minh’s went to
being in May 1910. Moscow and learnt Russian and
D
revolutionary techniques.
(ii) In 1925, he founded the Revolutionary
A Youth Movement.
(d) How was the League for Independence
called in Indo-China?
K
Ans. Viet Minh.
Time Line Chart

I
Scale
LV
1920
(1 unit = 5 years)
1922 - Mussolini’s March on Rome
1925
1927 - Formation of Vietnam Nationalist Party
A
1929 -The Great Depression

1930
K
1933 - Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany

1935 1935 -Mussolini invaded Ethiopia

25
Unit test
HISTORY
[Time : 60 Minutes] [Total : 25 Marks]
I. Choose the correct answer(3 × 1 = 3) IV. Match the following (4 × 1 = 4)

1. Who made Peru as part of their dominions?
(a) English (b) Spaniards (1) Transvaal (a) Brazil
(c) Russians (d) French (2) Matteotti (b) 1945
2. Who was the brain behind the apartheid policy (3) Uruguay (c) Italy
L
in South Africa?
(4) Fall of Hitler (d) Gold
(a) Verwoerd (b) Smut
(c) Herzog (d) Botha V. Answer the brief questions(4 × 2 = 8)
A
3. The first nation of Western Europe to turn
against the ruling regime was _______. 1. What do you know of the White Terror in
(a) France (b) Italy Indo-China?
D
2. What is gold standard?
(c) Germany (d) Spain
II. Fill in the blanks (3 × 1 = 3) 3. What was the result of Mussolini’s march on
Rome?
1. The Nazi Party’s propaganda was led by _______.
2. Boers were also known as _______.
3. The Social Democratic Party was outlawed soon
A 4. Define “Dollar Imperialism.”
VI. Write in detail answer (1 × 5 = 5)
K
after the _______ came to power.
1. Trace the circumstances that led to the rise of
III. Choose the correct statement Hitler in Germany.
(2 × 1 = 2)
1. (i) During World War I the primary task of
Italy was to keep the Austrians occupied
I
on the Southern Front A nswers

LV
(ii) Germany took to Fascism much later than

Italy. I. 1. (b) Spaniards
(iii) The first huge market crash in the US 2. (a) Verwoerd
occurred on 24 October 1929. 3. (b) Italy
(iv) The ban on African National Congress was
lifted in 1966.
II. 1. Joseph Goebbels
A
(a) i and ii are correct (b) iii is correct 2. Afrikaners

(c) iii and iv are correct 3. Nazis
(d) i, ii and iii are correct III. 1. (d) i, ii and iii are correct
K
2. Assertion : A new wave of economic 2. (b) A is right but R is not the correct
nationalism which expressed itself in explanation
protectionism affected the world trade.
Reason : This was because the USA was not
IV. 1 - d, 2 - c, 3 - a, 4- b
willing to provide economic aid to the debtor V. 1. Refer Sura’s Guide V - 1
countries. 2. Refer Sura’s Guide V - 2 (A)
(a) Both A and R are correct 3. Refer Sura’s Guide V - 3
(b) A is right but R is not the correct explanation
4. Refer Sura’s Guide V - 6
VI. 1. Refer Sura’s Guide VI - 1

26
Unit 3
World War II
L
A
Learning Objectives
D
ªª To acquaint ourselves about the political and economic developments after
World War I which ultimately led to World War II
A
ªª To understand the course of the War, in general; in particular, to learn the
main events which were turning points in the War
K
ªª To know the effects of World War II
ªª To understand the “holocaust”, and the mass killing of Jews in Nazi
ªª To acquire knowledge about the international organisations established

I
after the
LV
War to create a new international order:

United Nations and the associated international organisations.
World Bank and its agencies.
International Monetary Fund and its objectives.
A
K
27
Exercise
HISTORY
I. Choose the correct answer : 3. _______ started the Lend Lease programme.
1. When did the Japanese formally sign of their
[Ans. Roosevelt]
surrender?
(a) 2 September, 1945 (b) 2 October, 1945 4. Britain Prime Minister _______ resigned in
(c) 15 August, 1945 (d) 12 October, 1945 1940. [Ans. Chamberlain]
[Ans. (a) 2 September, 1945] 5. _______ is a device used to find out the enemy
2. Who initiated the formation of League of aircraft from a distance. [Ans. Radar]
Nations?
L
(a) Roosevelt (b) Chamberlain
(c) Woodrow Wilson (d) Baldwin 1. Assertion (A) : President Roosevelt realised
[Ans. (c) Woodrow Wilson] that the United States had to change its policy
A
3. Where was the Japanese Navy defeated by the of isolation.
US Navy? Reason (R) : He started a programme of Lend
Lease in 1941.
D
(a) Battle of Guadalcanal [QY-2019]
(b) Battle of Midway (a) Both A and R are correct
(c) Battle of Leningrad (b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
(d) Battle of El Alamein
[Ans. (b) Battle of Midway]
A (c) Both A and R are wrong
[Ans. (a) Both A and R are correct]
4. Where did the US drop its first atomic bomb?
K
(a) Kavashaki (b) Innoshima IV. Match the following
(c) Hiroshima (d) Nagasaki
[Ans. (c) Hiroshima] (1) Blitzkrieg - Roosevelt
5. Who were mainly persecuted by Hitler? (2) Royal Navy - Stalingrad
I
(a) Russians (b) Arabs (3) Lend Lease - Solomon Island

LV
(c) Turks (d) Jews (4) Volga - Britain

[Ans. (d) Jews] (5) Guadalcanal - lightning strike
6. Which Prime Minister of England who signed
the Munich Pact with Germany ? Ans. (1) Blitzkrieg - lightning strike
(a) Chamberlain
(2) Royal Navy - Britain
A
(b) Winston Churchill

(c) Lloyd George (3) Lend Lease - Roosevelt
(d) Stanley Baldwin[Ans. (a) Chamberlain] (4) Volga - Stalingrad
K
7. When was the Charter of the UN signed? (5) Guadalcanal - Solomon Island
[Sep-2020]
(a) June 26, 1942 (b) June 26, 1945 V. Answer the questions briefly
(c) January 1, 1942 (d) January 1, 1945
1. Who were the three prominent dictators of the
[Ans. (b) June 26, 1945]
post World War I ? [PTA-1]
II. Fill in the blanks : Ans. The post-World War I decades led to the rise
1. Hitler attacked _______ which was a of extreme right wing dictatorships in, Italy
demilitarised zone. [Ans. Rhineland] (Mussolini), Germany (Hitler) and Spain
(Franco).
2. The alliance between Italy, Germany and Japan is
known as _______.
[Ans. Rome - Berlin - Tokyo Axis]
28
World War II Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE

2. How did Hitler get the support from the people (ii) The objectives of the IMF are: “to foster
of Germany? global monetary cooperation, secure
HISTORY
Ans. (i) Adolf Hitler was gifted with great financial stability, facilitate international
oratorical skills, he was able to sway the trade, promote high employment and
people by his impassioned speeches, sustainable economic growth and reduce
promising a return to the glorious poverty around the world.”
military past of Germany. VI. Answer in detail
(ii) The fundamental platform on which 1. Analyse the effects of the World War II.[PTA-2]
Hitler built his support was the notion Ans. Effects of the War:
of the racial superiority of the Germans New geo-political power alignment :
as a pure, ‘Aryan’ race and a deep-seated (i) World War II changed the world in
hatred of the Jews.
L
fundamental ways.
3. Describe the Pearl Harbour incident. [PTA - 3; (ii) The world was polarized into two main
HY-2019; Sep-2020] blocs led by superpowers, one led by the
A
Ans. (i) On December 1941, Japan attacked United States with a pronounced anti-
American naval installations in Pearl Communist ideology, and the other by
Harbour, Hawaii, without warning. Soviet Russia.
D
(ii) The idea was to cripple America’s (iii) Europe was divided into two: Communist
Pacific fleet so that Japan would not face and non-Communist.
any opposition in its offensive against Nuclear proliferation :
Southeast Asian countries.
(iii) Many battleships and numerous fighter
planes were destroyed.
A (i) The United States and the Soviet Union
entered into a race to have more nuclear
powered weapons.
K
(iv) The United States declared war on Japan, (ii) They built a large stockpile of such
with Britain and China also joining in. weapons. Defence spending sky-rocketed
(v) Most importantly, it brought the United
in many countries.
States with its enormous resources into
International agencies :
the war as a part of the Allies.
(i) Many international agencies, in particular
I
4. What do you know of Beveridge Report?. the United Nations, the World Bank
LV
Ans. (i) In 1942, the Report commonly known as and the International Monetary Fund
the Beveridge Report was published in the came into existence providing a forum for
United Kingdom. countries large and small.
(ii) It proposed a series of measures which (ii) Colonial powers were forced to give
the government should adopt to provide independence to former colonies in a
citizens with, adequate income, health process of decolonization.
A
care, education, housing and employment (iii) India was the first to achieve
to overcome poverty and disease which independence.
were the major impediments to general
(iv) Women started entering the labour force
K
welfare.
in greater numbers. Societal notions of
5. Name the Bretton Woods Twins. [QY-2019] stable social relations (marriage, family)
Ans. (i) The World Bank and the International changed as more and more women
Monetary Fund, referred to as the became economically independent.
“Bretton Woods Twins”. 2. Assess the structure and the activities of the
(ii) They were both established in 1945 after UN. [PTA-6; GMQP-2019; QY-2019; Sep-2020]
the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944. Ans. Administrative Structure
6. What are the objectives of IMF? (i) The executive wing of the United Nations
Ans. (i) The primary objective of the International is the UN Secretariat. It is headed by the
Monetary Fund (IMF) is to ensure Secretary General, who is elected by the
financial stability and development General Assembly on the recommendation
across the world. of the Security Council.
29

(ii) The Secretary General, along with his Activities of the UN
cabinet and other officials, runs the (i) Over the decades, the United Nations has
HISTORY
United Nations. The International Court expanded its activities in response to the
of Justice, headquartered at The Hague in changing problems facing the world.
Holland, is the judicial wing of the United (ii) In the 1960s, decolonization was an
Nations. important issue.
(iii) The Economic and Social Council (iii) Human rights, the problems of refugees,
(ECOSOC), the fifth organ of the United climate change, gender equality are all
Nations, is responsible for coordinating now within the ambit of the activities of
all the economic and social work of the the United Nations.
United Nations. (iv) A special mention must be made of the
L
(iv) The regional Economic Commissions UN Peacekeeping force, which has acted
functioning for regional development in many areas of conflict all over the world.
across the various regions of the world are (v) The Indian army has been an important
A
organs of ECOSOC. part of the peacekeeping force and has
(v) They have been very successful, and have been deployed in many parts of the world.
been headed by eminent economists like
D
Gunnar Myrdal.
VII. Students activity A

1. Marking the Allies and Axis countries, as well as important battlefields of World War II in a world
map.
K
N
WORLD WAR II AXIS VS ALLIED POWERS ARCTIC OCEAN W E

S
I
LV
UNITED
STATES U S S R
UNITED NORWAY
DENMARK
A
CANADA KINGDOM POLAND

MOSCOW
NETHERLANDS GERMANY
BELGIUM HUNGARY
UNITED NORTH FRANCE ROMANIA
SAN STATES ATLANTIC
K
NORTH FRANSICO BULGARIA

OCEAN CHINA
PACIFIC ITALY GREECE JAPAN
OCEAN
HAWAI
ISLAND
INDIAN
BRAZIL OCEAN
SOUTH SOUTH AUSTRALIA

PACIFIC ATLANTIC
OCEAN OCEAN
NEW
Axis Power Countries ZEALAND
Allied Power Countries SOUTHERN OCEAN
Not to Scale
ANTARCTIC OCEAN
30
VIII. Map work

Mark the following on the world map.
HISTORY
1. Axis Power Countries
N
AXIS POWER COUNTRIES W

S
E
L
A
GERMANY
HUNGARY
ROMANIA
BULGARIA
ITALY JAPAN
D
A
K
Not to Scale
2. Allied Power Countries

I
ALLIED POWER COUNTRIES

LV
WO AR II AXIS VS ALLIED POWERS ARCTIC OCEAN W E

S
A
UNITED
STATES U S S R
UNITED NORWAY
DENMARK
CANADA KINGDOM POLAND
MOSCOW
K
NETHERLANDS
BELGIUM
UNITED NORTH FRANCE
SAN STATES ATLANTIC
NORTH FRANSICO OCEAN CHINA
PACIFIC GREECE
OCEAN
HAWAI
ISLAND
INDIAN
BRAZIL OCEAN
SOUTH SOUTH AUSTRALIA

PACIFIC ATLANTIC
OCEAN OCEAN
NEW
ZEALAND
SOUTHERN OCEAN
Not to Scale
ANTARCTIC OCEAN
31

3. Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Hawai Island, Moscow, San Fransico
HISTORY
N
W E
S
L
MOSCOW
A
HIROSHIMA
SAN FRANSICO NAGASAKI
D
HAWAI ISLAND
A
K
Not to Scale
I
pta Questions & AnsWers

LV
1 Mark 5 Marks
1. The two wars fought from 1914 to 1918 and 1. Specify the reasons for the failure of the League
1939 to 1945 are referred to as World wars of Nations. [PTA-4]
because of the [PTA-5] Ans. (i) The Treaty also set up the League of
(a) extended areas of the conflict Nations, on the initiative of President
A
(b) very high death toll of civilians and armed Woodrow Wilson of the United States.
combatants (ii) The League was expected to mediate
(c) fought on several fronts across Europe, Asia between countries and take action against
K
and Africa countries which indulged in military

aggression.
(d) All these [Ans. (d) All these]
(iii) However, the United States was not
2 Marks interested in playing a global role or any
role in European politics.
1. What military equipments were used in the (iv) The popular mood favoured the
second world war? [PTA-4] traditional isolationist approach, and
Ans. World War II was a modern war fought with therefore the United States did not become
heavy military equipment such as tanks, a member of the League.
submarines, battleships, aircraft carriers, fighter (v) The other Allied nations were also
planes and bomber planes. determined to maintain a non-
interventionist attitude and, in
consequence, the League remained an
ineffectual international body.
32
2. Attempt an essay on the rise and fall of Adolf (vi) In 1936, before Germany invaded the
Hitler. [PTA-5] Rhineland, which was supposed to be a
HISTORY
Ans. The Rise of Adolf Hitler demilitarised zone, Rome - Berlin Axis
(i) Adolf Hitler was able to exploit the general had come into being. Later, with Japan
discontent among the Germans. joining this alliance, it became Rome-
Berlin-Tokyo Axis.
(ii) Gifted with great oratorical skills, he was
able to sway the people by his impassioned (vii) In 1938, Hitler invaded Austria and
speeches, promising a return to the Czechoslovakia. Sudeten land in
glorious military past of Germany. He Czechoslovakia was German speaking,
founded the National Socialist party, and Hitler's claim was that German
generally known as “the Nazis”. speaking people should be united in
toone nation.
L
(iii) The fundamental platform on which
Hitler built his support was the notion Fall of Hitler
of the racial superiority of the Germans (i) The Allied forces under the command of
A
as a pure, ‘Aryan’ race and a deep-seated General Eisenhower invaded Normandy
hatred of the Jews. Hitler came to power in in France.
1933 and ruled Germany till 1945. (ii) The German army was forced back.
D
(iv) The recruitment for the armed forces (iii) But the Germans fought back and the war
and the manufacture of armaments and continued for nearly another year, and
machinery resulted in an economic finally ended in May 1945.
revival and solved the problem of
unemployment in Germany.
(v) Italy’s break with Britain and France in the
A (iv) Hitler committed suicide in April 1945.
(v) Later, Germany was divided into two
sections after the war.
K
wake of Mussolini’s invasion of Ethiopia
resulted in better relationship between
Italy and Germany.
I

LV
A
I. Choose the correct answer : (a) Munich Pact
1 Mark (b) Tripartite Pact
1. The Germans offered to pay _______ gold (c) German- Soviet Pact
marks as war reparation. (d) Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact
(a) 150 billion (b) 200 billion [Ans. (a) Munich Pact]
A
(c) 100 billion (d) 75 billion 5. In 1939, Hitler invaded _______.

[Ans. (c) 100 billion] (a) Austria (b) France
(c) India (d) Czechoslovakia
K
2. _______ was not interested in playing global

[Ans. (d) Czechoslovakia]
role or any role in European Politics.
(a) Britain (b) The United States 6. In Septermber 1940, _______ also joined the
(c) France (d) Spain Axis powers.
[Ans. (b) The United States] (a) China (b) Japan
(c) Russia (d) Spain
3. In 1937, Japan invaded ____ and seized Beijing. [Ans. (b) Japan]
(a) Turkey (b) Russia
(c) Germany (d) China 7. In Septermber 1940, _______ was bombed
[Ans. (d) China] mercilessly.
(a) London (b) New York
4. In 1938, Prime Minister Chamberlain (c) Tokyo (d) Washington
concluded the _______ with Germany. [Ans. (a) London]
33

8. In _______, the Germany army invaded Russia. 17. The _______ party promised to undertake
(a) July 1941 (b) June 1940 steps to look after the people “from the cradle
HISTORY
(c) July 1942 (d) June 1941 to the grave” in Britain.

[Ans. (d) June 1941] (a) Labour (b) Democratic
9. German forces under General _______ were (c) Communist (d) Congress
remarkably successful in occupying North [Ans. (a) Labour]
Africa rapidly. 18. The League of Nations was set up on the
(a) Montogomery (b) Rommel initiative of President __________ of the
(c) Omar Bradley (d) Dwight United States.
[Ans. (b) Rommel] (a) Woodrow Wilson (b) F.D. Roosevelt
10. The Chinese army, under _______ retreated to (c) Theodore Roosevelt (d) Herbert Hoover
L
the west to the hilly country from where they [Ans. (a) Woodrow Wilson]
continued to fight the Japanese. 19. The currency of __________ became practically
(a) Su Yu (b) Chiang Kai-shek worthless after World War I
A
(c) Chen Yi (d) Lin Biao (a) Italy (b) Germany
[Ans. (b) Chiang Kai-shek] (c) India (d) France
11. Shakespeare's play _______ clearly depicts the [Ans. (b) Germany]
D
dislike and distrust of jews among the people. 20. __________ was able to exploit the general
(a) The Tempest discontent among the Germans
(b) King hear A (a) Mussolini (b) Kaiser Wilhem II
(c) The Merchant of Venice (c) Adolf Hitler (d) Clenenceau
(d) Hamlet [Ans. (c) The Merchant of Venice] [Ans. (c) Adolf Hitler]
K
12. The U.N. adopted the historic charter on 21. Hitler came to power in __________.
_______ which is globally observed as Human (a) 1930 (b) 1934
Rights Day.
(c) 1931 (d) 1933
(a) 10 December 1948 (b) 5 December 1948
(c) 10 October 1945 (d) 6 October 1945 [Ans. (d) 1933]
I
[Ans. (a) 10 December 1948] 22. The first years of the World War II were a time
of spectacular successes of the _______ army.
LV
13. A Major out come of the Holocaust was the

creation of the state of _______ as a homeland (a) American (b) Germany
for the jews. (c) Russian (d) French
(a) Rome (b) Israel [Ans. (b) Germany]
(c) Britain (d) Turkey
23. Hitler wanted to force __________ to accept
[Ans. (b) Israel]
his proposals for peace.
A
14. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) (a) Spain (b) Italy
is located at _______.
(c) Britain (d) Turkey
(a) Newyork (b) The Hague
K
(c) Paris (d) Geneva [Ans. (c) Britain]

[Ans. (d) Geneva] 24. President Roosevelt started the ‘Lend Lease’
15. The Declaration of the United nations was programme in __________
accepted by all the _______ countries which (a) 1940 (b) 1932
fought against the Axis power. (c) 1938 (d) 1941
(a) 20 (b) 22 (c) 26 (d) 25 [Ans. (d ) 1941]
[Ans. (c) 26] 25. German army wanted to exploit the __________
16. The _______ mainly functions with private resource of Russia.
enterprises in developing countries. (a) Oil (b) Coal
(a) IDA (b) IBRD (c) Gold (d) Diamond
(c) IFC (d) ILO
[Ans. (a) Oil]
[Ans. (c) IFC]
34

26. _______ was a large industrial city producing II. Fill in the blanks :
armaments and tractors. 1. World War I was fought from _______.
HISTORY
(a) Moscow (b) Stalingrad [Ans. 1914 - 1918]
(c) Volgograd (d) Sarajeov 2. World War II was fought from _______.
[Ans. (b) Stalingrad] [Ans. 1939 - 1945]
27. Japan attacked American Naval installations 3. Germany’s allies were _______ and _______ in
in __________ without warning. World War II.[Ans. Italy, Japan]
(a) Yokohama part (b) Tokyo harbour 4. The World War I was also referred to as the
(c) Port of Osaka (d) Pearl harbour _______ or _______.
[Ans. (d) Pearl harbour] [Ans. The Great war, The war to End All Wars)]
L
28. As a top secret project, the __________ 5. When Italy invaded Ethiopia, Emperor _______
developed an atomic bomb more powerful of Ethiopia, appealed to the League of Nations.
[Ans. Haile Selassie]
A
than conventional explosives
(a) Germany (b) Japan 6. Britain and France declared war on Germany in
(c) Italy (d) US[Ans. (d) US] _______. [Ans. September 1939]
D
7. By 1941, all of mainland Europe till the Russian
29. Major issues and conflicts are discussed in the
frontier was under the ____.[Ans. Axis Powers]
__________.
8. Russians consider the _______ to be one of the
(a) Security Council A greatest battles of their Great Patriotic War.
(b) General Assembly
[Ans. Battle of Stalingrad]
(c) Court of Justice
9. The Allied Forces under General _______
K
(d) International Labour Organisation counter-attacked and defeated the German and
[Ans. (a) Security Council] Italian forces.[Ans. Montgomery]
30. The International Court of Justice is the 10. Mussolini was thrown out and the new
__________ wing of the United Nations. Government of Italy surrendered to the Allies in
I
(a) Executive (b) Legislative _______.[Ans. 1943]

LV
(c) Judicial (d) Special 11. Mussolini was killed in 1945, by Italian _______.
[Ans. (c) Judicial] [Ans. partisans]
12. _______ had traditionally been the capital of
31. In the 1960’s __________ was an important
China.[Ans. Peking / Beijing]
issue of the world.
13. In 1944, the combined British and Indian armies,
(a) Decolonization (b) Population
pushed Japanese out of Burma and liberated
A
(c) Famine (d) Unemployment

_______ and ______.[Ans. Malaya, Singapore]
[Ans. (a) Decolonization]
14. As the Japanese still refused to surrender, another
K
32. Soft loans are given at very low rates of interest atom bomb was dropped on ______.
for a period of __________ years. [Ans. Nagasaki]
(a) 40 (b) 50 15. During the Nazi rule, nearly six million jews
(c) 10 (d) 20 [Ans. (b) 50] were killed in _______ camps.
33. International Monetary fund now has a [Ans. Extermination]
membership of __________ countries. 16. The UN efforts to protect human rights on
(a) 100 (b) 60 a global basis resulted in the constitution of
(c) 156 (d) 189[Ans.(d)189] _______.
[Ans. UN commission on Human Rights]
35

17. The joint declaration issued by the US and Britain 33. A major outcome of the Holocaust was the
in 1941 is known as the _______. creation of the state of _________. [Ans. Israel]
HISTORY
[Ans. Atlantic Charter] 34. The UN Secretariat is headed by the _______ .

18. The Charter of the United nations was signed on [Ans. Secretary General]
June 26, 1945 by _______ nations.[Ans. 51] 35. The __________ is the fifth organ of the UN.
19. The _______ is the body of UN in which each [Ans. ECOSOC/ Economic and Social Council]
member state is represented.
36. In 1942, the Report known as the __________
[Ans. General Assembly] was published in the United Kingdom which
20. The UN Security council has _______ members. proposed a series of welfare resources.
[Ans. 15] [Ans. Beveridge Report]
L
21. The _______ also lends money to Governments
for developmental activities.
A
[Ans. International Development Agency] 1. I. The devastation caused by World War I
22. The International Monetary fund was was of such magnitude that it was referred
primarily the brainchild of ______ and _______. to as ‘The Great War’.
D
[Ans.Harry Dexter White, John Maynard Keynes] II. The immediate and primary cause of
23. All the countries in _______ are now welfare World War II was the aggressive military
states.[Ans. Western Europe] policy of Germany and Japan.
24. Due to the non-interventionist attitude of the
Allied nations, the __________ remained an
ineffectual international body. [Ans. League]
A III. The treaty of Versailles ending World War
I was signed in June 1920.
IV. War reparations were calculated at $10
K
25. __________ was facing massive unemployment billion dollars by Britain.
by the General Strike of 1926.[Ans. Britain] (a) I, II and III are correct
26. Prime Ministers __________ and __________ (b) II, III and IV are correct
did not feel justified in intervening in a region (c) III and IV are correct
I
which was not officially in their sphere of interest. (d) I, II and IV are correct
LV
[Ans. Baldwin, Chamberlain] [Ans. (d) I, II and IV are correct]

27. World war II was fought on two distinct fronts 2. (i) In May 1940 more than 300,000 British
__________ and the __________ and French soldiers were forced back to
[Ans. Europe, Asia Pacific] the beaches in Dunkirk.
28. The German army followed a tactic of (ii) In the Battle of Britain, the Italian force
A
__________ to storm into various countries. began to attack the ports, air field and
[Ans. Lightning Stroke (Blitzkrieg)] Industrial installations.
29. German war Planners hoped to achieve that end (iii) The Germans dropped their plans to invade
K
with ______[Ans. Fall Blau or Operation Blue] Britain because of the lack of leadership.
30. The Allies faced many reverses in the __________ (iv) President Roosevelt started the Land lease
because of their inadequate preparation. programme in March 1941.
[Ans. Pacific region] (a) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
31. After World War II, World was polarized into (b) (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
too many blocks led by the __________ and (c) (ii) and (iv) are correct
__________[Ans. United States, Soviet Russia] (d) (i) and (iv) are correct
32. In the process of decolonization. __________ [Ans. (d) (i) and (iv) are correct]
was the first to independencies.[Ans. India]
36

3. Assertion (A) : In 1939, Britain and France V. Answer briefly 2 Marks
declared war on Germany.
1. Why are the ‘World Wars’ called so?
HISTORY
Reason (R) : Hitler broke the Munich Pact, Ans. (i) While the world at large had experienced
attacked Czechoslovakia followed by Poland. many wars, these two wars are referred to
(a) Both A and R are correct as “World” wars because of the extended
(b) A is right but R is not the correct reason areas of the conflict and the very high
(c) Both A and R are wrong death toll of civilians as well as armed
(d) R is right but it has no relevance to A. combatants.
[Ans. (a) Both A and R are correct] (ii) Both wars were fought on several fronts
4. Assertion (A) : In June 1941, the German army across Europe, Asia and Africa.
L
invaded Russia. 2. How was the social and economic condition in
Germany after the World War I?
Reason R) : Germany wanted have an alliance
with Russia which was refused by the latter. Ans. (i) Germany experienced both high
A
(a) Both A and R are correct unemployment and severe inflation
(b) A is right but R is not the correct reason after the War, and its currency became
practically worthless.
D
(ii) There are several pictures of the 1920s
(d) R is right but it has no relevance to A.
when ordinary people had to carry money
reason] A in wheelbarrows to buy bread.
5. Assertion (A) : In 1940, London and other 3. What were the manifestations of military
industrial cities were bombed by the Germans. activity by Germany, Italy and Japan?
K
Ans. (i) Britain and France continued to be
Reason (R) : Bombing failed because of the top non-interventionist.
secret device ‘radar’.
(ii) The mood in Britain was not in favour of
(a) A is right but R is not the correct reason
starting another war.
(b) Both A and R are correct
I
(iii) Prime Ministers Baldwin and

(c) R is right but it has no relevance to A.
Chamberlain did not feel justified in
LV
(d) Both A and R are wrong

intervening in a region which was not
[Ans. (a) A is right but R is not the correct officially in their sphere of interest.
reason]
(iv) The United States was totally indifferent
IV. Match the following to the outside world, and was concerned
with the revival of the economy after the
1. (1) General De (a) Spitfires &
A
Great Depression.
Gaulle Hurricanes
(2) Blitz (b) $46.5 billion 4. How is World War II described?
Ans. (i) World War II was a modern war fought
K
(3) Royal Air Force (c) Durkirk

with heavy military equipment such as
(4) Lend Lease (d) North Africa
tanks, submarines, battleships, aircraft
(5) El Alamein (e) Battle of Britain carriers, fighter planes and bomber
[Ans. 1 - c, 2 - e, 3 - a, 4 - b, 5 - d] planes.
(ii) This involved a very large resource base,
2. (1) Charles Malik (a) China
since all this equipment needed to be
(2) P.C. Chang (b) Eminent manufactured.
(3) John Humphrey (c) Lebanon (iii) There had to be raw materials,
(4) Rene Cassin (d) Canada manufacturing capacity and technical
(5) Gunnar Myrdal (e) France inputs to improve the military hardware.
[Ans. 1 - c, 2 - a, 3 - d, 4- e, 5 - b]
37

5. Why did Germany develop of fleet of (ii) However, the Germans set Mussolini up in
submarines? a puppet regime in the north. Mussolini
was killed in April 1945, by Italian
HISTORY
Ans. (i) Britain depended on large scale imports of

food, raw materials and industrial goods partisans.
by sea from its Empire and the US.
10. Why did the US drop bombs in Japan?
(ii) To attack this, Germany developed a
Ans. (i) The Japanese generals refused to
fleet of submarines which caused havoc,
surrender and finally the US dropped an
especially in the Atlantic Ocean area, by
atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
sinking a large number of civilian ships
(ii) As the Japanese still refused to surrender,
carrying supplies to Britain.
another atom bomb was dropped on
6. Write a note on the ‘Battle of Britain’. Nagasaki.
Battle of Britain– By July 1940, it was
L
Ans. (i) (iii) Japan ultimately announced surrender
feared that the Germans were planning to on 15 August 1945 and formally signed
invade Britain. 2 September 1945 bringing an end to
A
(ii) Hitler wanted to force Britain to accept his World War II.
proposals for peace by a prolonged air-
11. Write a note on Nuclear Proliferation.
borne bombing campaign.
Ans. (i) The United States and the Soviet Union
D
(iii) The German air force began to attack
entered into a race to have more nuclear
specific targets, especially the ports,
powered weapons.
airfields and industrial installations.
(ii) They built a large stockpile of such
(iv) In September 1940, London was bombed A weapons.
mercilessly, an action known as The Blitz.
(iii) Defence spending sky-rocketed in many
(v) By October 1940, night bombing raids on
countries.
London and other industrial cities began.
K
12. Name the Associated Organisations of the UN.
7. What do you mean by ‘Lend Lease’? Explain.
Ans. (i) These are : Food and Agriculture
Ans. (i) President Roosevelt realized that the
Organisation (FAO), World Health
United States had to change its policy of
Organisation (WHO), UNESCO (UN
isolation, but could not intervene directly
Educational, Scientific and Cultural
I
in the War in Europe, because it was not

Organisation).
politically feasible.
LV
(ii) There are also special organizations

(ii) So he started a programme of “Lend Lease” funded voluntarily by member countries.
in March 1941. Arms, food, military (iii) The two best known among them are
equipment and other supplies were sent UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund)
to Britain, disguised as a “loan”, which which promotes child health and welfare
would be returned after use. across the world, and the UNDP (United
A
Nations Development Programme),

8. Why was Germany army unable to resist the
which focuses on development.
Soviet force completely?
Ans. (i) The German strategy of lightning strikes 13. Name the two main organs of the world bank.
K
was initially successful and the army Ans. The two main organs of the World Bank are the
penetrated 1000 miles into Russian International Bank for Reconstruction and
territory very soon. Development (IBRD) and the International
(ii) The German army then marched on Development Agency (IDA).
Moscow. But ultimately, the resistance 14. State the responsibilities of the IBRD.
by the Soviet army, and the fierce Russian Ans. (i) To promote economic development
winter defeated the German army. in poorer countries and the Bank
9. What was the end of Mussolini? Or write a note lends money to various countries for
on the surrender of Italy. developmental projects.
Ans. (i) Mussolini had been thrown out and the (ii) A further area of interest is poverty
new government of Italy surrendered to alleviation, especially in the rural areas of
the Allies in 1943. developing countries.
38

15. What are soft loans?
Ans. (i) The International Development Agency (IDA) also lends money to governments for developmental
HISTORY
activities.
(ii) These loans are “soft” loans, and are given at very low rates of interest for a period of 50 years.
16. What does the term ‘Welfare State’ refer to?
Ans. The term Welfare State refers to the concept that the government is responsible for the social and economic
welfare of the people, thus expanding the role of the state beyond providing defence and maintaining law
and order.
L
Time Line Chart
Scale
A
1935
(1 unit = 5 years)
D
1939 - Outbreak of World War II
1940 1940 - Battle of Britain
1941 - Pearl Harbour incident
1942 - Battle of Stalingard
1945 1945 - Formation of UNO

A
K

I
LV
A
K
39
Unit test
HISTORY
[Time : 60 Minutes] [Total : 25 Marks]
I. Choose the correct answer(3 × 1 = 3) V. Answer the brief questions (4 × 2 = 8)

1. When did the Japanese formally sign of their 1. Describe the Pearl Harbour incident.
surrender?
(a) 2 September, 1945 (b) 2 October, 1945 2. Why did Germany develop of fleet of submarines?
(c) 15 August, 1945 (d) 12 October, 1945 3. Who were the three prominent dictators of the
post World War I ?
2. Who were mainly persecuted by Hitler?
L
(a) Russians (b) Arabs 4. What was the end of Mussolini? Or write a note
(c) Turks (d) Jews on the surrender of Italy.
A
3. In 1939, Hitler invaded _______. VI. Write in detail answer (1 × 5 = 5)
(a) Austria (b) France
(c) India (d) Czechoslovakia 1. Assess the structure and the activities of the UN.
D

II. Fill in the blanks (3 × 1 = 3)
A A nswers
1. _______ is a device used to find out the enemy
aircraft from a distance. I.
1. (a) 2 September, 1945
2. The alliance between Italy, Germany and Japan is 2. (d) Jews
K
known as _______.
3. (d) Czechoslovakia
3. World War II was fought from _______.
III. Choose the correct statement II. 1. Radar
Rome - Berlin - Tokyo Axis
(1 × 1 = 1) 2.
I
1939 - 1945
3.
1. Assertion (A) : President Roosevelt realised
LV
that the United States had to change its policy III. 1. (a) Both A and R are correct
of isolation.
Reason (R) : He started a programme of Lend IV. 1 - c, 2 - e, 3 - a, 4 - b, 5 - d
Lease in 1941.
(a) Both A and R are correct V.
1. Refer Sura’s Guide V - 3
2. Refer Sura’s Guide V - 5 (A)
A

(c) Both A and R are wrong 3. Refer Sura’s Guide V - 1
(d) R is right but it has no relevance to A 4. Refer Sura’s Guide V - 9 (A)
K
IV. Match the following (5 × 1 = 5) VI. 1. Refer Sura’s Guide VI - 2

(1) General De (a) Spitfires &
Gaulle Hurricanes
(2) Blitz (b) $46.5 billion 
(3) Royal Air Force (c) Durkirk
(4) Lend Lease (d) North Africa
(5) El Alamein (e) Battle of Britain
40
10 STD
th
GOVT. SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION
SEPTEMBER 2020
Reg. No.
Part - III
Time Allowed : 3.00 Hours] Social Science (With
[Maximum
Answers) Marks : 100
Instructions: (1) Check the question paper for (a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is
fairness of printing. If there is any not the correct explanation of (A)
lack of fairness, inform the Hall
(b) (A) is correct, but (R) is wrong
Supervisor immediately.
(2) Use Blue or Black ink to write (c) Both (A) and (R) are wrong.
and underline and pencil to draw (d) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is
L
diagrams. the correct explanation of (A)
Note: This question paper contains four Parts. 6. Pick the odd one out.
A
Part - I (a) Kolleru Lake (b) Vembanad Lake
Note: (i) Answer all the questions. (c) Chilka Lake (d) Pulicat Lake
D
14 × 1 = 14 7. Golden Revolution is related to the production
(ii)
Choose the appropriate answer from of this:
the given four alternatives and write (a) Potato (b) Oil seed
the option code with the corresponding
answer.
A 8.
(c) Honey (d) Jute
The National Institute of Wind Energy is at :
Where did the Ethiopian army defeat the
K
1.
(a) Faridabad (b) Chennai
Italian Army? (c) Kanyakumari (d) Vizhinjam
(a) Delville (b) Orange State
9. Retreating monsoon wind picks up moisture
(c) Adowa (d) Algiers
from:
I
2. The U.N. Charter was signed on : (a) Arabian Sea (b) Bay of Bengal
LV
(a) June 26, 1942 (b) June 26, 1945 (c) Indian Ocean (d) Timor Sea
(c) January 1, 1942 (d) January 1, 1945
10. Disaster emergency contact number :
3. The author of the book Satyarthaprakash is : (a) 1095 (b) 1944
(a) Swami Dayanand Saraswati (c) 1098 (d) 1077
(b) Atma Ram Pandurang
A
11. Which one of the following rights was

(c) Annie Besant
described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the ‘Heart
(d) Debendranath and Soul of the Constitution’?
K
4. The context in which the Chotanagpur (a) Right to freedom of religion

Tenancy Act was passed: (b) Right to equality
(a) Kol Revolt (b) Indigo Revolt (c) Right to constitutional remedies
(c) Munda Rebellion (d) Deccan Riots (d) Right to property
5. Assertion (A): T he Congress Ministries 12. Who drew up the borders for newly
resigned in 1939. independent Pakistan ?
Reason (R) : T
he Colonial Government (a) Lord Mountbatten
of India entered the war (b) Sir Cyril Radcliffe
without consulting the elected
Congress Ministries. (c) Clement Atlee
(d) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
[347]
348 Sura’s ➠ X Std - Social Science ➠ Supplementary Exam Question Paper - 2020
13. A b e t t e r e c o n o m y i n t r o d u c e s r a p i d Part - III

development of the : Note : Answer any 10 questions. Question No. 42
(a) Cash Subsidies (b) Capital Market is compulsory: 10 × 5 = 50
(c) Tax Concessions (d) Property Rights 29. Fill in the blanks:
14. Choose the incorrect statements : (i) Latin America protested the _____ of
U.S.A.
(i) Shortage of goods, whether natural
or artificial is the root cause of black (ii) The trees of the Alpine forests are called
money. _____trees.
(iii)
The difference between the value of
(ii) Industrial sector has been the major exports and imports is called_____.
contributor to black money. (iv) India conducted its first nuclear test at
L
(iii) Smuggling is one of the major sources _____.
of black money (v) _____ foundation from U.S.A.
A
(iv) When the tax rate is low, more black introduced the HYV in India.
money is generated. 30. Elaborate about Velunachiar.
(a) (i) and (ii) only 31. Discuss the main causes for the First World
D
(b) (iv) only War.
32. (a) Distinguish between:
(c) (i) only (i) Agro based industries and mineral

(d) (ii) and (iii) only
Part - II
A based industries.
(ii) Roadways and Railways.
K
Note : Answer any 10 questions. Question No. 28 (b) Give reasons: The Eastern Ghats is
is compulsory: 10 × 2 = 20 discontinuous
15. Highlight the global influence of Russian 33. Assess the structure and the activities of the
U.N.
Revolution.
I
16. Describe the Pearl Harbour incident. 34. What were the causes for the failure of the
Great Rebellion of 1857 ?
LV
17. What was the impact of Swami Vivekananda’s

activist ideology ? 35. Explain the Eastern and Western Coastal
18. How are the peasant uprisings in British India
Plains of India.
classified? 36. What is urbanization ? Explain its impacts.
19. Write short note on the martyrdom of Tirupur 37. Describe the various vital powers of the
Kumaran.
A
Governor.
20. What is burst of Monsoon?
38. Make a list on the basic concepts followed
21. What is mixed farming agriculture ? by India to maintain friendly relations with
K
22. What is Communication ? What are its types ? its neighbours.

23. What is the role played by Mangroves in 39. Write the challenges of Globalization.
Coastal Zone Management ?
40. Write briefly some of the important objective
24. How is the President of India elected? By
whom ? of India’s agricultural policy.
25. State the reasons for the formation of BRICS. 41. Draw a Time Line for the following:
Write any five important events between
26. Name the sectors that contribute to the GDP
with examples. 1920 and l940.
27. What is progressive tax ?
28. What are the main objectives of India’s
Foreign Policy?
கீழே ககொடுக்கப்பட்டுள்ள நீல நிற எழுத்துக்களள கதொட்டு அந்த
தளலப்பிற்கு ஏற்ப பொட குறிப்புகளள கபற்றுக் ககொள்ளவும்
L
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 Unit Test Questions with Answers for all Units.

Supplementary Exam -2020 (Sep - 2020) questions are also incorporated in

September 2020 Govt. Supplementary Exam Question Paper (with answers)

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DEMAND DRAFT / CHEQUE

Unit 3 India - Agriculture 157 - 170 July

Unit 5 India - Population, Transport, Communication and 185 - 202 August

Unit 2 Central Government 249 - 258 July

Unit 3 State Government 259 - 267 August

Unit 2 Globalization and Trade 302 - 312 July

Unit 3 Food Security and Nutrition 313 - 321 August

Unit 4 Government and Taxes 322 - 331 October

Unit 5 Industrial Clusters in Tamil Nadu 332 - 341 November

Map 342 - 346

ªª Treaty of Versailles and its provisions

ªª Causes, course and outcome of the Russian Revolution

East Asia towards the close of nineteenth

Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE Unit 1

to the Treaty of _______ signed in May 1913.

 [Ans. Macedonia] (2) Jingoism - Turkey

(3) Kemal Pasha - Russia with

 [PTA-1] [Ans. 1925]

non-Turkish people in the Balkans. (3) Kemal Pasha - Turkey

Britain that a German navy could be

Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE Unit 1

Austria and Russia resumed their activities

the Balkan League.

occurred in Sarajevo in Bosnia. and the minority Bolsheviks were timid

(ii) On 28 June 1914 the Archduke Franz

(ii) Lenin wanted continued revolution. His

Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE Unit 1

Ans. 1. Great Britain* 2. Germany 3. France* 4. Italy*

Govt. Exam Questions & AnsWers

Time Line Chart

1914 - Outbreak of World War I

withdraw its troops from ______.

universal peace. (d) Environment day

Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE Unit 1

(a) Locarno Treaty

domestic and Foreign policy. government was in office in Russia.

 [Ans. (b) Japan]

32. In October 1932, ________ withdrew Germany

15. In 1916, a naval battle ________ had taken place

Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE Unit 1

47. In the war in Western Front, within a month

(c) (ii) and (iv) are correct

[Ans. Suez Canal]

reason] 5. What heightened the tension between

Sura’s ➠ X Std - SOCIAL SCIENCE Unit 1

Tsar seemed unchallengeable. But he had

Ans. In January 1917, Lusitania, an American

conclusion. anyway and march through the factory

(iii) But the proposed conference materialised

May 1913 and a new state of Albania

1931 and the League condemned Japan.

[Ans. Macedonia] (2) Jingoism - Turkey

[PTA-1] [Ans. 1925]

[Ans. (b) Japan]

[Ans. Suez Canal]

Ans. The Second Balkan War ended with the

[Time: 60 Minutes] [Total: 25 Marks]

I. Choose the correct answer IV. Match the following (4 × 1 = 4)

the bars for ________ years.

lifted in 1966. [PTA-1] (4) Third Reich - Hitler

colonial powers. (2) Hitler replaced the flag of the Weimar

this resolution. (3) The army of brown-shirted and jack-

worse by the political complication caused by [Ans. (b) Italy]

[Ans. (b) 1929] II. Fill in the blanks :

[Ans. Latin Americans]

War.[Ans. Treaty of Versailles]

[Time : 60 Minutes] [Total : 25 Marks]

I. Choose the correct answer(3 × 1 = 3) IV. Match the following (4 × 1 = 4)