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  • Class 7th, 18th Century Political Formation-WPS Office

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    Uii
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    The document summarizes the political formations in 18th century India. It describes the decline of the Mughal Empire after Aurangzeb's death in 1707, as many states emerged and Mughal authority weakened. As the empire declined, powerful governors and landowners consolidated their control over revenues and military administration. In the 18th century, three overlapping groups of states developed - old Mughal provinces, states with considerable independence under the Mughals, and states like the Marathas, Sikhs, and Jats who seized independence.

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    The document summarizes the political formations in 18th century India. It describes the decline of the Mughal Empire after Aurangzeb's death in 1707, as many states emerged and Mughal authority weakened. As the empire declined, powerful governors and landowners consolidated their control over revenues and military administration. In the 18th century, three overlapping groups of states developed - old Mughal provinces, states with considerable independence under the Mughals, and states like the Marathas, Sikhs, and Jats who seized independence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    35 views4 pages

    Class 7th, 18th Century Political Formation-WPS Office

    Uploaded by

    Uii
    The document summarizes the political formations in 18th century India. It describes the decline of the Mughal Empire after Aurangzeb's death in 1707, as many states emerged and Mughal authority weakened. As the empire declined, powerful governors and landowners consolidated their control over revenues and military administration. In the 18th century, three overlapping groups of states developed - old Mughal provinces, states with considerable independence under the Mughals, and states like the Marathas, Sikhs, and Jats who seized independence.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Cl

    ass7t
    h,Chapt
    er–10(Hi
    stor
    y)

    Ei
    ght
    eent
    h-Cent
    ury
    :Pol
    it
    icalFor
    mat
    ions

    •By1765,
    Bri
    ti
    shhadcapt
    uredmaj
    orchunksofI
    ndi
    ant
    err
    ior
    yin
    east
    ernI
    ndi
    a.

    •Wi
    thAurangzeb’
    sdeathi
    n1707,
    manynewst
    atesemer
    gedi
    n
    I
    ndi
    a.Hewast hel
    astpower
    ful
    Mughal
    Emper
    or.

    •TheCr
    isi
    soft
    heEmpi
    reandt
    heLat
    erMughal
    s

    (i
    )Afterr
    eachi
    ngit
    szenit
    h,Mughal
    empi
    rest
    art
    eddecl
    i
    ning
    underEmperorAur
    angzeb.

    Thi
    swasbecauseofAurangzeb’
    smil
    it
    aryandreli
    giouspoli
    cy
    whi
    chdepl
    etedthemil
    i
    taryandfi
    nanci
    alresour
    cesoft he
    Mughal
    s.

    (i
    i)Underhissuccessor
    s,t
    heeffi
    ciencyoftheimper
    ial
    administ
    rati
    onbrokedown.Itbecamediffi
    cultt
    ocheckthei
    r
    powerfulgover
    norsandmansabdar s.

    Governors(
    Subadar
    )-cont
    rol
    l
    edr
    evenue(
    diwani
    )andmi
    l
    itar
    y
    administ
    rat
    ion(
    fauj
    dari
    ).

    (
    ii
    i)I
    nthemidstoft
    hiscri
    sis,Nadi
    rShah’
    sinv
    asioni
    n1739and
    i
    nvasi
    onsofAfghanrul
    erAhmedShahAbdal ibet
    ween1748-
    1761,
    weakenedt
    heMughal empire.
    (i
    v)Thenobil
    it
    ywasdi v
    idedi
    ntotwomaj orgroupsIr
    ani
    sand
    Turani
    s.Foralongti
    me, t
    hel
    aterMughal emperorswer
    epuppet
    s
    i
    nt hehandsofeit
    heroneort
    heot herofthesetwopowerf
    ul
    groups.

    •Emer
    genceofNewSt
    ates:
    (i
    )Wi t
    hthedecli
    neofMughal
    authori
    ty,
    thegov
    ernor
    soflar
    ge
    provi
    nces,subadar
    sandt
    hegreatzamindar
    sconsol
    idat
    edthei
    r
    authori
    ty.

    (i
    i
    )In18thcent
    uryt
    hest
    ateswer
    edi
    vi
    dedi
    ntot
    hreeov
    erl
    appi
    ng
    groups;

    a)ol
    dMughal
    prov
    incesl
    i
    keAwadh,
    Bengal
    andHy
    der
    abad

    b)St
    ateswhi
    chenj
    oyedconsi
    der
    ati
    onindependenceunder
    MughalsasWat
    anJagi
    rsandsever
    alRajputpr
    inci
    pal
    it
    ies,
    and

    c)Thel
    astgr
    oupi
    ncl
    udedst
    atesl
    i
    keMar
    athas,
    Sikhsandt
    he
    Jat
    s.

    •TheOl
    dMughalPr
    ovi
    nces:
    (i
    )Thesei
    ncludedt
    hestatesofAwadh,BengalandHyder
    abad.Al
    l
    thi
    sthest
    ateswerefoundedbymember softhehighMughal
    nobil
    i
    tywhohadbeengov er
    norsofl
    argeprovi
    nces.

    (
    i)Hy
    i der
    abadst
    atewasf Ni
    oundedby- zam-
    ul-
    Mul
    kAsafJah.
    (
    ii
    i)Awadhwasf
    oundedbySaddatKhan.

    (
    iv)Bengal oundedbyMur
    wasf shi
    dQul
    iKhan.
    Hy
    der
    abad
    Nizam-ul-
    MulkAsafJah,t
    hefounderofHy
    der
    abadstat
    e(1724-
    1748),
    wasoneoft hemostpowerf
    ulmember
    satthecourtoft
    he
    Mughal EmperorFarr
    ukhSiy
    ar.

    Tost rengthenhi
    sposi t
    ionAsafJahbr oughtskil
    ledsol
    diersand
    admi nistr
    ator
    sfrom northernIndi
    awhowel comedthenew
    oppor tuni
    ti
    esinthesout h.Heappoi ntedmansabdarsandgr ant
    ed
    j
    agirs.Hecommandedr ev enueadmi nistr
    ati
    onofthest
    at e.Under
    Ali
    vardi Khanthestatebecamepr osper ous.

    Awadh:

    •TheWat
    anJagi
    rsoft
    heRaj
    put
    s:
    (i
    )ManyRajputKings,par
    ti
    cular
    lyt
    hosebelongi
    ngtoAmberand
    Jodhpurhadser
    v edundertheMughalswi
    thdisti
    nct
    ion.Theygot
    consi
    derabl
    eautonomyandt huswerecal
    ledwatanjagi
    r.

    (i
    i
    )Mar athaexpansi
    onaf
    ter1740sputr
    est
    ri
    cti
    onongr
    owt
    hof
    Rajputexpansi
    on.

    Sei
    zi
    ngI
    ndependence;

    •TheSi
    khs:
    (
    i)TheSi
    khar
    oseasapowerunderGur
    uGobindSinghwho
    i
    nspir
    edt
    heKhal
    sawit
    hthebel
    ieft
    hatt
    hei
    rdesti
    nywastorul
    e.

    (i
    i)Maharaj
    aRanji
    tSi
    nghreunit
    edtheSi
    khsasapower
    ful
    group
    andestabli
    shedhi
    scapi
    talatLahor
    ein1799.

    •TheMar
    athas:
    (i
    )TheMarat
    haki
    ngdom r
    oseunderShiv
    aji.Af
    terShi
    vaj
    i
    ’sdeat
    h
    Peshwa,
    ledt
    heMarat
    haempir
    etoitszenit
    h.

    (i
    i
    )Mar at
    hascol
    l
    ect
    edhugerevenuef
    rom t
    axesofchut
    hand
    Sardshmukhi
    int
    heent
    ir
    ekingdom.

    (i
    i
    i)Marat
    hachief
    sincl
    udedPeshwa,Sindhi
    a,Gaekwadand
    Bhonsl
    e.Thei
    rter
    ri
    tor
    ytouchednearDelhii
    nit
    speakstages.

    •TheJat
    s:
    (i
    )TheJatsunderChur
    amancont
    rol
    l
    edt
    err
    it
    ori
    est
    owar
    dst
    he
    westofDelhi
    .

    (
    ii
    )Theywer
    epr
    osper
    ousagr
    icul
    tur
    ali
    sts.

    (i
    i
    i)UnderSuraj
    Mal
    ,theki
    ngdom ofBhar
    atpuremer
    gedasa
    str
    ongstate.

    (
    iv)
    Jat
    sev
    enbui
    l
    tagar
    denpal
    aceatDi
    g.

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