KALS

396
ofthe solid shaft
U-xvolume
U 4C .10.17)
tems of 7,
Also in

To

TL TL
nC 2CJ
C

TL .(11.18)
U-2C
Alternatively, U=T

TL 1.19)
2CJ
11.5. STRAIN ENERGY IN A BEAM SUBJECTED TO PURE BENDING
Consider small length ôx of the beam between sections AB and CD (Fig
11.10). Since ôx is small, B.M. may be taken as constant here, say M.
Then for a thin layer at distance y from the neutral axis, the bendingste

which is constant throughout the layer, since &r is small and the layer s thin.

S.E. in the layer

X Volume of the layer

Myxx (Ex 84)

=
M
 S T R A I N E

397

N
6x-

B D

Fig. 11.10.
.For the whole block of the beam
between sections AB and CD. the S.E.
M?
2E?
Mox
2E2
2

2E1
For the entire beam of length L,
Strain Energy,
.(11.20)
Note. The above
expression does not take into account the .E. due to shear.
For thecase where M is constant
over the beam
e uniform area of cross-section length and the beam has
throughout,
2EI (11.21)
LRse 1. Simply supported beam with concentrated load anywhere on
pan.
portion AC of the beam, at any distance x from A,
M=Wox
L
portion CB of the beam, at any distancex from A,

M-L-x)
.S.E., U=Uac+Uce
, 11
 S T R A I NE N E R G Y

399

/unit length

Fig. 11.12.

BE8EIo (Lr-d
w
8E

_wL 20+ 12-30

8EI 60

wL w'
240E 240E ..(11.24)
where W=wL is the total load on the beam.
Case 3. Cantilever with concentrated load at end
At any distance x from the
end,
M Wx
M dx
UL 2El
dr
2EI

2EI 3
Fig. 11.13.
WL ...(11.25)
6EI
Cas
ase 4. Cantilever with U.D.L. w/unit
length
At
distance x from the free end,
M W
 400 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
M
U-22d /unit Length

8EI 5

= wLS Fig. 11.14.

40E

40EI (11.26)
where W wL is the total load on the cantilever.
Example 11.1. Calcualte the S.E. in a bar 5 m long and 50 mm
when it is subjected to a tensile load
diameterT
of 100 kN. Take Young's modulus of
200 GPaa elasticity
Sol Length of bar, L=5 m=5x 10' mm
Load, P 100 kN =10° N
Diameter of bar 50 mm
From Eq. (11.10),

Strain Energy, UPL

2AE
(10 (5 x 10)
2x (50 (200x 10
63660 Nmm= 63.66
Example 11.2. Calculate the modulus Joules
having the following of resilience in shear for a steel
properties Du
Limit of proportionality in tension, 400
GPa, C =
80 GPa. MPa, in shear 300 MPa, E 200 =

Solution. From Eq.

(11.13),
Modulus of resilience in
shear
(300x 10
2C 2x(80 x 10
=0.562 MJ/m
Examnle 11 3
SIRAINENERGY

25
m

m n

over the middle third of its 401

of
himeter

ntndiameter length, the remainder being of 50

e also
their
Compare also their
proof resilience
in
Sol. Let each bar be subjected to load P.
simple tension.
from Eq. (11.8),
Then

25
mm

P
Fig. 11.15.
P
U=
(50 Ex50xL
4
2E TX 2500 .a)

and

(50 25
P'L TX42500 12+4]
6E

PL 4
.b)
E TX 2500

PL 4
UA. 2E Tx 2500
UB P'L 4
E TX2500
(It shows that bar B is stronger in shock than bar A)
COmparing
For proof resilience,
Lel
be the proof stress

(UDProo 2E L
swbere A=
AA
Cross-sectional area of bar A)
 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
402
smaller cross-section.
is reached in the
O in bar B

Stress in the large

cross-section =4 6AgAs
(Up)Proof2E 2EA
x-area of smaller section:

and x-area of larger section =A\

16 AA L
16E d)
From (c) and (d),

2 E AA L
(AVProof 2 -=8
(Up)Proof 16EA L

Example 11.4. An aluminium pipe of -RIGIO 8AR

cross-sectional area 1l100 mm is placed on STE¬L RO0

a fixed
support as shown in Fig. 11.16. A
rigid bar is placed on the top of the pipe and 2.4 ALUMINIUM
PIPE
a steel rod
of 15 mm diameter and 4.2 m
length attached to the rigid bar is placed SUPPORT
concentrically in the pipe. A load of 30 kN
is applied to the rod. Determine
(a) total
strain energy of the
system (b) the strain 1-8
m
energy density in the aluminium pipe and
the steel rod. Modulii
of elasticity for steel
and aluminium are 200
GPa and 70 GPa
respectively.
Sol. (a) From 30 kN
Eq. 11.10
Fig. 11.16.
Strain Energy =
PL
2AE
3x 10 (2.4 x 1000). (3x 10* (4.2 x 1000)
2 x (1100) (70 x
10) 2x 1s200x 10)
 SIRAIN
EWER ERGY

403
=
14026+ 53476 Nmm
=67.5 J
Strain energy density in pipe,
()
u=4026 x 103
(1100 x 10°) (2.4)
= 5.32 kJ/m

in
Strain enerEy density rod,
(53476 x 10)
x 1x 104.2)
72 kJ/m
ample 11.5. Two shafts A andB are of the same length and made
hronze respectively. Both the shafts are of steel1
ana subjected to equal torques. Find the
tio of the shaft diamelers so that (1) strain energy stored per unit volume (ii)
nfal S.E. stored, by each is the same. Take C for steel as 80 GPa and for bronze
as S0 GPa.

Sol. From E4 (11.17),

Strain energy density, u =max

4C

max
Now
d
2 32
167
max
Td

) Strain energies per unit volume in the two shafts are,

UA
(167 1
4CA
and (16T
4C
Since
4A4g

x 1096
= .924
dg 80x 10
i) Here
UA=Up
 404 MECHANICS OF MATERIALSs

[1671
nd, 4C
which gives
d - 0.8889
d
Example 11.6. A hollow shafi with ratio its
of diameters as V3 transmits
4000 kW at 110 rp.m. when the energy stored is 2100
J/m" of material. Calcuiate
the shaft dianmeters ifC = 80 GPa.

Sol. Let D and d be the external and internal shaft diameters

metres.
respectively in

27tNT4000x
60 10
60 x 4 x 10
T=
27T x 110
.347 x 10° Nm
Now
7- max
D/2

Tmax
347x 16x.347x 10
32
1D-d2 TCD
18x .347x 10° 1.988 x 10°
Pa
-

..(a)
TD' D
Also from Eq. (11.16), S.E. lunit vol,
2
u=
max

4C
Tmax
4x (80 x 10)
2
max

240x 10
2100 J (given)
2 504 x 102
or
max22.45 x 10° pPa . ..(b)
.. From (a) and (b),
i.988 x

D 10=22.45 x 10°
STRAINENERGY

405
D'1988
D'
22.45 =.08855m
88.55 x 10 mm
D=445.7 mm
and d 445.257 mm
Example l1.7. In the gear system shown in Fig. 11. 17 shafts A, B and C
are of steel and 5 mm diameter. The diameters of gears D are twice chose
of
oears E. lf the rotation of shaft C is prevented, determine the strain energy in
gear train when a forque of 0.9 Nm is applied to shaft A. Take G = 80 GPa.

LLLLLLLLUULULULLLLLLL
E

900
Nn

70
mm

Fig. 11.17.

Sol. The values of torques at different shafts are:

TA 900 Nmm

Tp 2-450
2 Nmm

T -225 Nmm
Also, 2 5 (5)"'=61.4 mm
32

S.E., U=E9C
CJ

(450) x 50+(225)* 40
x
70+
(900)
L
x

2 (80x 10') (61.4)

7.01 Nmm =7.01 mJ
 406 MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
30kN 30 kN
A c D B
03 -0 6 m- 0-3
Fig. 11.18.
RA Re
Example 11.8. Determine the strain energy for the beam and loading shown
in Fig. 11.18. Moment of inertia for the beam section is 2x 10° m'. Take E =
190 GPa.
Sol. RA Rg 3 0 kN = 3 x 10* N
MAC 3x 10* x Nm
McD 3x10*x-3x 10 (r-0.3)
= 0.9x 10= 9000 Nm
MDB 3x10° x-3 x 10* (x-0.3) -3x 10° (x-0.9)
-21000 x+27000, Nm
SE.U= Md
2EI
1
2 (190x 10) (2x 10*
F0.3 0.9
(3x 10 x dx+ (9000) d
0.3

+(-21000x +27000) dx
0.9
85.5 J
Example 11.9. The cross-section of a steel bar of
sides a. It is subjected to length L is square wiun
of its sides which produces
a
uniform bending moment in a plane
the maximum parallel to one
stress in the bar as o which is within

(o) -/Ro-
(6