Name (print)_______________________________

Student Number___________________________
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Elec Eng 3FK4

Dr. S. Kumar

DAY CLASS
DURATION OF EXAMINATION: 2.5 Hours
MCMASTER UNIVERSITY FINAL EXAMINATION
14 December, 2015

THIS EXAMINATION PAPER INCLUDES 7 PAGES AND 7 QUESTIONS. YOU

ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR ENSURING THAT YOUR COPY OF THE PAPER IS
COMPLETE. BRING ANY DISCREPANCY TO THE ATTENTION OF YOUR
INVIGILATOR.

Aids allowed: Use of Casio FX-991 calculator only is allowed.

No books or papers of any kind.

Answer: Answer all questions.

Answer questions in Answer Booklet/s provided.

Marking: Marks are shown at the end of each question.

This paper must be returned with your answers.

START OF EXAM QUESTIONS

1. Find the amplitude of the displacement current density:

(a) adjacent to an automobile antenna where the magnetic field intensity of an FM
signal is H x  0.25cos[3.12(3108 t  y )]A m ;
(b) in the air space at a point within a large power distribution transformer where

B  1.2 cos[1.257 106 (3108 t  x)]yT ;
(c) within a large, oil-filled power capacitor where ε r = 5 and

= E 0.5cos[1.257 ×10−6 (3 ×108 t − z 5)]x MV m ;
(d) in a metallic conductor at 60Hz, if ε = ε 0 , µ = µ0 , =
σ 5.8 × 107 S m , and
conduction current density

= J 2sin(377t − 117.1z )x MA m 2 .
Comment on the magnitudes of conduction current density and displacement
current density in this example.
6 marks

Page 1 of 7
2. With reference to the sliding bar shown in Figure 1, let the length of the sliding

bar d=7cm, magnetic flux density B=0.3 z T, and velocity of the sliding bar

v=0.1 e 20 y y m/s. Let y=0 m at t=0 s. Find
(a) v (t = 0 s ) ;
(b) y (t = 0.1s ) ;
(c) v (t = 0.1s ) ;
(d) Voltage V12 at t=0.1s.

Fig. 1
4 marks
3. Draw an equivalent circuit of a transmission line and show that
dVs
=−( R + jω L) I s ,
dz
dI s
−(G + jωC )Vs
=
dz
5.5 marks
4. Explain the meaning of impedance matching. Suppose you need to connect two
dissimilar lines of characteristic impedances Z 01 and Z 02 . You need to insert a
short transmission line so that there is no reflected wave going towards the source.
Find the length and characteristic impedance of the short line. Assume that the
line 2 (with the impedance Z 02 ) is connected to a load impedance that is matched
to the line 2.
5.5 marks
5. In Figure 2, characteristic impedance Z 0 =50 Ω; Rg =RL =Z 0 / 3. The battery
voltage is V0=10V. The switch is closed at time t=0. The length of the
transmission line is l and the speed of the voltage wave is v. Draw the voltage and
current reflection diagrams. Determine the line voltage and the line current at

Page 2 of 7
 z = 3l / 4 as functions of time (include terms up to V2− ( I 2− ) ). Plot the line voltage
and line current at z = 3l / 4 as functions of time. What are the steady state load
voltage and load current?
t=0

Z0
Rg
RL

V0

z=0 z=l

Fig. 2
6 marks
6. In a good conductor, the electric field amplitude decreases exponentially with
distance, as given by

A exp(−α z ) cos(ωt − β z ),
Ex =
jk= α + j β ,
− jωµ (σ + jωε ).
k2 =
Show that
α= β= π f µσ
and derive an expression for skin depth, δ .
5.5 marks
7. Explain the meaning of:

(i) Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). How would you calculate the
characteristic impedance of a transmission line using the measured VSWR
and the location of first maximum/minimum?
(ii) Speed and propagation constant (= wave number) of a plane wave
(solution of Maxwell’s equations)
(iii) Perfect dielectric, lossy dielectric, good conductor and perfect conductor.
7.5 marks

END OF EXAM QUESTIONS

Useful information on the following four pages

Page 3 of 7
 Useful information
Speed of light in vacuum c = 2.99793 × 10 8 m/s
ε 0 free space permeability = 8.854 ×10−12 H / m
µ0 free space permeability = 4π ×10−7 F / m
Faraday’s Law:
dψ
Emf = - where ψ = magnetic flux.
dt
   
ψ = ∫ B.d S Emf = ∫ E.d L
S L

Faraday’s law in point form:


 ∂B
∇× E = −
∂t
  ∂E ∂E    ∂E ∂E    ∂E y ∂Ex 
∇=×E  z − y x+ x − z  y+ − z
 ∂y ∂z   ∂z ∂x   ∂x ∂y 
Ampere’s Law (Magnetostatics):
Integral form: Differential form:
 
  ∇× H = J
 
∫ H .d L = I
L
I = ∫ J .dS
s
Ampere-Maxwell Law
Integral form: Differential form:

    ∂ D
∫ H .d L= I + I d
L
∇ × H= J +
∂t
I d =displacement current
Maxwell’s equations:
Differential form: Integral form:
 
 ∂B   ∂ B 
∇× E = −
∂t ∫L E.d L = - ∫s ∂t .d S

  ∂ D  
∇ × H= J +
∂t ∫ H .d L= I + I d

L


∇.D =ρ
∫ D.ds = q
s
  
∇.B =0 ∫ B.ds = 0
s
     
=B µ= H D ε= E J σE
Permittivity, ε = ε 0ε r
Permeability, µ = µ0 µr
Wave equation:

Page 4 of 7
 ∂ 2 Ex ∂ 2 Ex
-µε =0
∂z 2 ∂t 2
1
Speed of EM wave in a medium, v =
µε
c
=v =, n ε r µr
n
Phasor Form:
Ex = Re{Exs exp( jωt )}
H y = Re{H ys exp( jωt )}
Exs and H ys are phasors corresponding to Ex and H y , respectively.
d 2 Exs
= −k 2 Exs
dz 2
k2 = − jωµ (σ + jωε ) Exs
Propagation in dielectrics and conductors:
The plane wave in a perfect dielectric medium is given by
=Ex Ex 0 cos(ωt − β z )
=H y H y 0 cos(ωt − β z )

µ
1/2
Ex 0
= η=  
H y0 ε 
ω
= v= speed of EM wave
β
2π
β = wave number
=
λ
v =λ f
λm = λ0 / n
λ0 is the wavelength in free space, λm = wavelength in a medium
The plane wave in a lossy dielectric medium is
Ex = Ex 0 exp(−α z ) cos(ωt − β z )
H y =H y 0 exp(−α z ) cos(ωt − β z )
1/2
µε '   ε ''  
2

α = Re( jk ) = ω 1 +   − 1
2 
 ε' 

1/2
µε '   ε ''  
2

β = Im( jk ) = ω 1 +   + 1
2 
 ε' 


Page 5 of 7
 1/2
Ex 0  µ 
= η=  
H y0  ε '− jε '' 
The plane wave in a good conductor is
Ex =Ex 0 exp(−α z ) cos(ωt − β z )
H y =H y 0 exp(−α z ) cos(ωt − β z )
α= β= π f µσ
Skin depth
δ = 1/ α
Loss tangent
σ
tan θ =
ωε '
Transmission Lines:

d 2Vs
= γ 2Vs
dz 2
γ 2 = ZY
Z= R + jω L
Y= G + jωC
For the loss less case, speed v and characteristic impedance Z 0 are
1 L
=v = Z0
LC C
In general,
Z
Z0 =
Y
Power loss (dB) = 8.69 α z
Reflection coefficient and VSWR
V − Z L − Z0 1+ | Γ |
Γ= + = s =
V Z L + Z0 1− | Γ |
Wave impedance,
Z L − jZ 0 tan( β z )
Zw ( z ) = Z 0
Z 0 − jZ L tan( β z )

Plane wave reflection

Reflection coefficient
η −η
Γ= 2 1
η2 + η1

Page 6 of 7
Transmission coefficient

2η2
τ=
η2 + η1
The wave impedance
η − jη2 tan( β 2 z )
ηw ( z ) = η2 3
η2 − jη3 tan( β 2 z )
Trigonometric identities

cos(=A − B) cos A cos B + sin A sin B

cos(=A + B) cos A cos B − sin A sin B
=
sin( A + B) sin A cos B + cos A sin B
=
sin( A − B) sin A cos B − cos A sin B
exp(=
jA) cos A + j sin A

THE END

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