القانون التجاري

^9cp mcJGQ=E OalJl .
ÕuBM WOKOK2 W7ÇÑÏ æULóÇ ÏuI ! pKN*Ç WUL5

©²°°¸¯´¸¨ rÑ w1èÑèõÇ tO4uÇ
ÖUO rOÇd1Å ÏuL ¯ÑubÇ
‫ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ‬:‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﻮﺩ ﺍﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬

ãÑUA*Ç wb*Ç æuUIÇ ÐU7Ã :‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬
2008 / 48 ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻲ ﺭﻗﻢ‬
WÑUAÇ WFU4 æuUIÇ WOK
‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ‬ :‫ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺪﺭ‬

: [M_l
\c GaA_G 9JQrC d A_G ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬
u_KATl_G‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬
?c9lJ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺲ‬
b=Ga] -H9‫ﺍﻟﻜﻮﻳﺖ‬ ‫ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
c= b_E ?T GQO_G gPJ qOKA :‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺷﺮ‬
?p9]E 9lA8:G Oarf p u_KATl_G ?c9lJ= [9M_G mrQ d=aQaFG
,H d
‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ‬ ،‫ﻓﻴﺎﺽ‬
)2008/48(
:‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤؤﻟﻒ‬
mt9Jl_Ga ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl H f I QO9Z_G ?c89]r_G O9=l_G cc_JA _
b E
?r;g_1‫ﻉ‬
G BG,42‫ﻣﺞ‬ ?c:‫ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺩ‬/‫ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺪ‬
q
9FgrGa d p 9KFl OcpATF 9F_f ;b=Ga]_G P =
g K P O9JA:G caO_ Faa_G
qg]_G ?_9J_ = Q FG QWl_G uGQOE _ ?TGQO_G BZ_M =Qg_G 9r_G

d a a Y b E
‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ .d dFaF
:‫ﻣﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬
^GQiF _9l
d H 9lA8G b _f \ a _ ZJ >_a OFf u_KATl_G >9AFA dA_G d pQgl_G
caZa_G _
b E \c GaA_G qOKc .c9Gl_G GPJ d p \ _MOA QQ=c 9l2018
l ,?cQTC aC :‫ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻼﺩﻱ‬
?cZMW ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬
?cOrg_G ?a=GQ_G pQa = pQgl_G OcgZ_G _f ca=rl Orf HRGaA ATl _
d Hc d b j
‫ﻣﺎﺭﺱ‬ ia b E
:‫ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ‬
B9lGRA_:G H l OcOg_9= H 9lA8:G KF9l mGR_E :c;M H l t;KAT:G
,d H9lA8:G Oarf d p
?c_tW_G baQW_G H l OcOg_G d fGQc H 9lA8G Orf OGOf123
@= \lG-R_181
E ,Or9gA_G ?_JQl c=:‫ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ‬
r
k
OGOT_Ga caOg_G p sJ_G u_KATl_G KFl GQcMCa ,?cp9pW_G CO=l srJA 9l]_
906361 :MD ‫ﺭﻗﻢ‬
d H
B9lGRA_:G g J P . P9pF_G RcJ H 9lA8:G ?cr9pAG caMO >rf H 9lA8:G ?lcr_ Qt=l_G
.?TGQO_G gPJ d p c‫ﻭﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ‬
Zpl_G EJ‫ﺑﺤﻮﺙ‬
=_G QGOl BF9t sa:‫ﺍﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻯ‬
rJ_Ga ‫ﻧﻮﻉ‬
Arabic O l:‫ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬
: cKA
dp QdF_G IO9fE b_E d]9l_G HQr_G B9cFcF9lD ?cGO= PIslamicInfo
Fl d=aQaFG YQWl:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬
_G bgT ‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬
m9g_G،‫ﺍﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‬ dp 9laQ ‫ﻋﻘﻮﺩ‬ >Gal= ?c=a‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
?cr9pAG،‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ‬ QaFG sa،‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ‬
T_G A9WFE PFl‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ‬
\Ff IQO9Z_G OfGar_G h:‫ﻣﻮﺍﺿﻴﻊ‬
clG
A9]fFG caO_G Hc= jO9ZAr:G Ha9gA_G iaATl QcaaA‫ﺍﻻﻭﺭﻭﺑﻴﺔ‬ dp \Fl ?=iQ , )1957(
) 1(
A9WFE scQhttp://search.mandumah.com/Record/906361
a Hf ,AGaT OJ b_f A9]fFG caO_G K_9Zl cDlc jO9ZArG O9JAG A9WFEa:‫ﺭﺍﺑﻂ‬
IGaFt (the internal market) ?tQAWl_G saT_G aC IOJal_G saT_9= blTc 9l
saT A9WFE b_E IOJal_G saT_G K_aZl QcWc .)2(d=aQaFG O9JA:G A9WFD ?cT9TC
Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (Rome, 25 March )1(

1957).
Q W_ ? ]r_ p ? = Q F cOg_ ?ltJl Q Qr l ?D_9D_ Qrp_ Qa

(CA Consumer I cK G c G d ca a G G G H ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ‬G I‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬G .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬ : FG 2022)2( ©
G A_
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ‬.‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬
\c a G Ya QWl X9r ?T_G H89A u_Pt Qd
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ F ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ‬
F: ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺗﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀ‬
FG ,Finance v Ingrid Bakkaus and Others) ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ ﻭﻳﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬،‫ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
= 9 p 9G A_
.‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ mrQ
: Kc ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬
A (‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‬
d G )7( ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
123 å 2018/1 ÏbFÇ

^9cp mcJGQ=E OalJl .O

‫ﻟﻺﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩ ﺑﻬﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻗﻢ ﺑﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺇﺳﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﺸﻬﺎﺩ‬

ãÑUA*Ç wb*Ç æuUIÇ ÐU7Ã

:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺏ‬
: APA
[M_l‫ﺇﺳﻠﻮﺏ‬
:‫ﺍﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬ ‫ ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻘﻮﺩ‬.(2018) .‫ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ‬،‫ﻓﻴﺎﺽ‬
\cGaA_G 9JQrC dA_G u_KATl_G ?c9lJ b=Ga] H9c= b_E ?TGQO_G gPJ qOKA
,42‫ ﻣﺞ‬،‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ‬
?p9]E ,H9‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬
lA8:G .2008
Oarf d/p 48
u_KA‫ﺭﻗﻢ‬
Tl_G ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻲ‬
?c9lJ= [‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ‬
9M_G )2008 /48(‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
mrQ d=a‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬
QaFG
906361/Record/com.mandumah.search//:http
mt9Jl_Ga ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl Hf IQO9Z_‫ﻣﻦ‬ G ?c‫ﻣﺴﺘﺮﺟﻊ‬
89]r_G O9.181
=l_G c-c_123
JA b،_1‫ﻉ‬
E
q
9FgrGa d p 9KFl OcpATF 9F_f ;b=Ga]_G P = ?r;g_G BGP O9JA:G caO_ ?cFaa_G
g K
qg]_G ?_9J_ = Q FG
d a a Y QWl_G uGQOE _ ?TGQO_G BZ_M
b E .d =Qg_G dFaF 9MLA
r_G ‫ﺇﺳﻠﻮﺏ‬
‫^ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬:‫ﺍﻻﺋﺘﻤﺎﻥ‬
GQiF d_‫ﻋﻘﻮﺩ‬
9l H9l‫ﻓﻲ‬
A8G b‫ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻬﻠﻚ‬
_f \_aZJ ‫"ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
>_a OFf .‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ‬
u_KATl‫ﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬
_G >9AFA ‫ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩ‬
dA_G dp،‫ﻓﻴﺎﺽ‬
Qgl_G
1‫ ﻉ‬,42‫ﻣﺞ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺠﻠﺔ‬ ".2008 / 48 ‫ﺭﻗﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻭﺭﻭﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ‬
caZa_G b_E \cGaA_G qOKc .c9Gl_G GPJ dp \_MOA QQ=c 9ll ,?cQTC aC ?cZMW ‫ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
?cOrg_G ?a=GQ_G dpQa Hc= dpQgl_G OcgZ_‫ﻣﻦ‬ G b_‫ﻣﺴﺘﺮﺟﻊ‬
f ca=rl jO.181
rf HR-Ga123
A iaA:(2018)
Tl b_E
B9lGRA_:G Hl OcOg_9= Hhttp://search.mandumah.com/Record/906361
9lA8:G KF9l mGR_E :c;M Hl ,dt;KAT:G H9lA8:G Oarf dp
?c_tW_G baQW_G H l OcOg_G d fGQc H 9lA8G Orf OGOf@= l R_E ,Or9gA_G ?_JQl c=r
\ G
k
OGOT_Ga caOg_G d p sJ_G u_KATl_G KFl GQcMCa ,?cp9pW_G CO=l srJA H9l]_
B9lGRA_:G P
g J .P9pF_G RcJ H 9lA8:G ?cr9pAG caMO >rf H 9lA8:G ?lcr_ Qt=l_G
.?TGQO_G gPJ d p cZpl_G EJ=_G QGOl BF9t sarJ_Ga
O lA
: cK
dp QdF_G IO9fE b_E d]9l_G HQr_G B9cFcF9lD ?cGO= PFl d=aQaFG YQWl_G bgT
m9g_G dp 9laQ ?cr9pAG >Gal= ?c=aQaFG saT_G A9WFE PFl \Ff IQO9Z_G OfGar_G hclG
A9]fFG caO_G Hc= jO9ZAr:G Ha9gA_G iaATl QcaaA dp \Fl ?=iQ ,)1()1957(
A9WFE scQa Hf ,AGaT OJ b_f A9]fFG caO_G K_9Zl cDlc jO9ZArG O9JAG A9WFEa

1957).
Q W_ ? ]r_ p ? = Q F cOg_ ?ltJl Q Qr l ?D_9D_ Qrp_ Qa

(CA Consumer I cK G c G d ca a G G G H ‫ﺍﻟﺤﻘﻮﻕ‬G I‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬G .‫ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬
.‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬ : FG 2022)2( ©
G A_
‫ ﻳﻤﻜﻨﻚ‬.‫ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬
\c a G Ya QWl X9r ?T_G H89A u_Pt Qd
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ F ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﺃﻥ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎ‬
F: ،‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬ ‫ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺗﻔﺎﻕ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎﺀ‬
FG ,Finance v Ingrid Bakkaus and Others) ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫ ﻭﻳﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﻋﺒﺮ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬،‫ﺗﺤﻤﻴﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ‬
‫ﻫﺬﻩ‬
= 9 p 9G A_
.‫ﺗﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻈﻮﻣﺔ‬ mrQ
: Kc ‫ﺩﻭﻥ‬
A (‫ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‬
d G )7( ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ‬
123 å 2018/1 ÏbFÇ


ãÑUA*Ç wb*Ç æuUIÇ ÐU7Ã
: [M_l
\c GaA_G 9JQrC d A_G u_KATl_G ?c9lJ b=Ga] 9 =
H c _ ?TGQO_G
b E g J P qOKA
?p9]E ,H 9lA8:G Oarf d p u_KATl_G ?c9lJ= [9M_G )2008/48( mrQ = Q FG
d a a
mt9Jl_Ga ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl H f I QO9Z_G ?c89]r_G O9=l_G cc_JA _

b E
q
9FgrGa d p 9KFl OcpATF 9F_f ;b=Ga]_G P = ?r;g_G BGP O9JA:G caO_ ?cFaa_G
g K
qg]_G ?_9J_ = Q FG
d a a Y QWl_G uGQOE b E _ ?TGQO_G BZ_M .d =Qg_G dFaF 9r_G
^GQiF d_9l H 9lA8G b _f \ a _ ZJ >_a OFf u_KATl_G >9AFA dA_G d pQgl_G
caZa_G _
b E \c GaA_G qOKc .c9Gl_G GPJ d p \ _MOA QQ=c 9ll ,?cQTC aC ?cZMW
?cOrg_G ?a=GQ_G d pQa Hc = d pQgl_G OcgZ_G b _f ca=rl j Orf R A
H Ga ia ATl _
b E
B9lGRA_:G H l OcOg_9= H 9lA8:G KF9l mGR_E :c;M H l ,dt;KAT:G H9lA8:G Oarf d p

?c_tW_G baQW_G H l OcOg_G d fGQc H 9lA8G Orf OGOf@= l R_E ,Or9gA_G ?_JQl c=r
\ G
k
OGOT_Ga caOg_G d p sJ_G u_KATl_G KFl GQcMCa ,?cp9pW_G CO=l srJA H 9l]_
B9lGRA_:G g J P . P9pF_G RcJ H 9lA8:G ?cr9pAG caMO >rf H 9lA8:G ?lcr_ Qt=l_G
.?TGQO_G gPJ d p cZpl_G EJ=_G QGOl BF9t sarJ_Ga
O lA
: cK
dp QdF_G IO9fE b_E d]9l_G HQr_G B9cFcF9lD ?cGO= PFl d=aQaFG YQWl_G bgT
m9g_G dp 9laQ ?cr9pAG >Gal= ?c=aQaFG saT_G A9WFE PFl \Ff IQO9Z_G OfGar_G hclG
A9]fFG caO_G Hc= jO9ZAr:G Ha9gA_G iaATl QcaaA dp \Fl ?=iQ ,)1()1957(
A9WFE scQa Hf ,AGaT OJ b_f A9]fFG caO_G K_9Zl cDlc jO9ZArG O9JAG A9WFEa

1957).
(CA Consumer IQcKW_G ?c]r_G dp ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl QGQr Hl ?D_9D_G IQrp_G :QaFG )2(
\cGaA_G YaQWl X9rF ?T_G H89AF :u_Pt QdFG ,Finance v Ingrid Bakkaus and Others)
= :9Kcp A9G dA_G )7( mrQ
123 å 2018/1 ÏbFÇ

H 9lA8:G Oarf d p u_KATl_G ?c9lJ
o
dA_G ?cQ9GA_G RGGaJ_Ga B9=rg_G hclG 9Kcp cGRA ,O9JA:G caO hclG_ IOJGa ?cQ9GA
saT_G O9ZArG ?lOM cptc 9l= B9lOM_Ga h_T_Ga OGQpFG crFA ?cQJ scgA aC hFlA Or
k
b_f 9T9TC IOJal_G saT_G ?T9cT OlAgA .)3(O9JA:G caO iaATl b_f 9KAcTp9FAa
,B9lOM_G ,h_T_G ?tQJ ?cQJ H9l] dp ?_DlAl_G ?g=QFG QcQJA_G Qcc9gl= blTc 9l
?p9]E )4((the negativeintegration actions) O9JA:G caO Hc= cGalFGa [9MWFG
O9JA:G caO_ ?cQ9GA_Ga ?craT_G B;l9gl__ ?ld9F_G ?cFaF9r_G mdF_G OcJaA b_E
YQWl_G cMOA Hcl.A dgcQWA_G OcJaA_G >_aAc .(the positive integration actions)
b=Ga]_G IOJa scrJA H9l]_ dFaa_G YQWl_G 9K= OWQATc ?l9f OfGar h]a qOK=
caZa_G H9l] b_E ?p9]E ,A9]fFG caO__ jO9ZAr:G b9WF_G mtJA dA_G ?Z9M_G
\_rFA H9l]_ ,O9JA:G caO hclG dp draT_G clg_G Qcc9gl ?p9t= u_KATl_G ?rD b_E
dp d=aQaFG YQWl_G bWF ,U9TFG GPJ b_f .OOQA aC qaM HaO sGaTFG gPJ Hc=
Hl OcOg_G hcQWA= ;d]9l_G HQr_G B9FcF9lD qZAFl PFl u_KATl_G ?c9lJ c9Gl
.HcpOK_G HcPJ scrJA H9l]_ u_KATl_G ?c9lJ B9KcGaA
m9lAJ9= ?c_9l_G B9TTCl_G hl \_l9gA OFf u_KATl_G ?c9lJ maKpl PaJATG
ccDlA Hl]A ,?_l9tAl ?cFaF9r ?ladFl hcQWA c;M Hl d=aQaFG YQWl_G Hl [9M
clWA .B9TTCl_G gPJ hl \_l9gA OFf ?cO9ZAr:Ga ?cFaF9r_G u_KATl_G K_9Zl
sGaTC B9lOMa Hcl.A_G B9lOM ,?cpQZl_G B9lOM_G hclG Hl ct ?c_9l_G B9lOM_G
k
\cGaA_G QGOZ@= )1987( m9g_G dp ?cGO= 9c_G m9lAJ:G GPJ QKd .)5(?c_9l_G sGQaFG
= In order to facilitate the emergence of a well-functioning internal market in
consumer credit, it is necessary to make provision for a harmonised Community
framework in a number of core areas.
For more details see: S Grundmann, Information,party autonomy and )3(

Economic agents in European contract law (2002) Common Market Law
Review 269; G Howells, A Janssen and R Schulze, Party autonomy for the
internal market, the role of information (Grundman: London 2001); T Hervey,
Community and national competence in health after tobacco advertising (2001)
Common Market Law Review 1421; G Howells and H Micklitz, EC consumer
Law: has it come of Age? (2003) European Law Review 370.
http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/top_layer/index_1_en.htm. visited on 17-11- )4(

2007.
B9lOM_G IQ9GA QcQJA ,^9cp OalJl :QdFG ?c_9l_G B9lOM_G maKpl caJ ccZ9pA_G Hl OcRl_ )5(
?_9TQ( HcaT_p dp ?c_9l_G B9lOM_G Y9ar hrGaa ?cl_9g_G IQ9GA_G ?ldFl B9cr9pAG dp ?c_9l_G
.)2005 BcRQc= ?gl9G :QcATG9l
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 124

bAJ QlATGa d_9l_G H9lA8:G Oarf dp u_KATl_G ?c9lJ= [9M_G )6()87/102( mrQ
H9lA8:G cDlc .)7(?c_9l_G B9lOM_G B:9Gl ?p9t dp ?_l9tAl ?ladFl hcQWA= GPJ 9Flac
dA_G ?rD_G \FC b_f qQgca ,?c_9l_G B9TTCl_G 9KlOrA dA_G B9lOM_G mJC OJC d_9l_G
k k
\JFlc H.= ,9caFgl mC 9cgc=a H9tC AGaT 9l [MW_ ?c_9l_G ?TTCl_G aC uF=_G 9Kc_ac
spAl ?cFlR IQAp c;M ,OOJl ^Qi dp \lGOMAT: 9k c_9l GkO9lAfG aC c9l_G Hl 9k j_=l
clWc .)8(9Kc_f spAl IO89p aC \c_f spAl jO9l O89f c=9rl ?Fcgl baQW=a 9Kc_f
RQ=C dpQZl_G ^Qr_G Hatc 9l IO9fa ,O9lAf:Ga ^Qr_G B;l9gl Hl ct H9lA8:G
^Qr_G Oarf" 9Kc_f s_ac ^g=_G cgG 9l ,Hct_KATl__ KFlAo dA_G H9lA8:G QJ9dl
H9fPE Oarf 9JQ9=AfG dp dt;KAT:G H9lA8:G Oarf Qa9Ml HltA .)9("dt;KAT:G
cDlc aJF b_f OQpFla s=Tl ctW= Org_G OaF= ?i9cZ H9lA8:G KF9l d_aA >=T=
HaO 9Kc_f hcraA_G u_KATl_G Hl >_acoa ,u_KATl_G ?J_Zl >9TJ b_f brp \J_9Zl
\p_MA 9lf ucJ9F ,9Kcp ?l9g_G B9lGRA_:G b_f HcpQa_G s9pAG OQGl= ^GQAfG jC AGO=E
Qci AGQW B9c_lg= m9cr__ u_KATl_G iO_ ?Jl9G ?=iQ Hl âQr_G KFl B;cKTA
u_P >J9Zc 9la ,A9pa_G Hf RGg_9= 9k =_9i dKAFA ,?J]Ga ?c_9l ?cCQ HaOa ?cQaQ]
.?pcg]_G caMO_G >9JZF ?=TF_9= ?Z9M IQlOl ?cf9lAGG ?cO9ZArG Q9DB Hl
?c9lJ )1987( m9g_G dp QQra Qa9Ml_G gPJ b_E d=aQaFG YQWl_G \=FA
QOZCa ,dFaF9r_Ga jO9ZAr:G 9JPapF_ ?c_9l_G B9TTCl_G qTgA Hl u_KATl_G
A9F= \cGaA_G GPJ ccOgA )2002( m9g_G ?cGO= dp QQr \FC :E ,)87/102( mrQ \cGaA_G
?p9t dp qDtl dgcQWA b9WF Hl ARGt O9JA;_ ?l9g_G ?c]apl_G ?cZaA b_f
mcdFA b=Ga]a Qcc9gl OcJaA dp \J9GF mOf >=T= - u_KATl_G ?c9lJ B:9Gl
Council Directive 87/102/EEC of 22 December 1986 for the approximation of )6(

the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States
concerning consumer credit. (OJ L 101, 1.4.1998, p. 17).
IOgl_G ?_l9W_G ?TGQO_G ?gGGQl bGQc ?c9lJ_G gPJ QaCa OfGar caJ ccZ9pA_G Hl OcRl_ )7(
m9g__ ?c_9l_G B9lOM_G Oarf dp u_KATl_G ?c9lJ= ?r_gAl_G d=aQaFG O9JA:G ?c]apl ?aTGa=
:d_9A_G dFaQAt_DG b=GQ_G b_f )2014(
http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2014/507463/IPOL-
IMCO_ET%282014%29507463_EN.pdf visited on 18/12/2014.
dp d_9l_G cc_JA_G QaO ,H9lcE U=9J :QdFG d_9l_G H9lA8:G ?cJ9l caJ ccZ9pA_G Hl OcRl_ )8(
-M9=Ql jOZ9r ?gl9G :QcATG9l ?_9TQ( jQ8GRG_G dFaa_G uF=_G ?_9J ?TGQO ,âQr_G KFl
.3 )2011 ?_rQa
.5 [ ,s=9T hGQl )9(
125 2018/1
å ÏbFÇ
s_gAA >9=TF ,O9JA:G caO iaATl b_f A9]fFG caO__ dt;KAT:G H9lA8:G Oarf
dp ?=iQ_G b_E ?p9]E ,Or9gA_G OFf u_KATl__ ?lOrl_G B9la_gl_G iaATl ?c9pt mOg=
(maximum harmonization B9gcQWA__ d_t_G OcJaA_G >a_TC O9lAfG
?c9lJ= [9M_G )2008/48( mrQ \cGaA_G b_E ?c9KF_G dp cZF_ ,)10(technique)
)11(
NcQ9A= \cF=A mA jP_G )\cGaA_9= Og= 9lcp \c_E Q9Wc( H9lA8:G Oarf dp u_KATl_G
dA_G ?c9lJ_G OfGar QZArA .2010/5/12 NcQ9A= P9pF_G RcJ cMOa 2008/4/23
9l dA_JQl OfGar_G gPJ clWAa ,brp dt;KAT:G H9lA8:G Oarf b_f \cGaA_G 9JQrc
Og= 9lcp \c_E Q9Wl( u_KATl_G K_9Zl ccDlA H9l] qOK= ;9JOg=a Or9gA_G c=r
?cO9ZAr:Ga ?cFaF9r_G )H9lA8:G Hl OcpATl_G( aC OcpATl_G )OcpATl_G aC u_KATl_9=
.)H9lA8:G KF9l= Og= 9lcp 9Kc_E Q9Wl( H9lA8:G ?JF9l ?c_9l_G B9TTCl_G ?KGGal dp
RtQl dp u_KATl_G OaGa ?c]Qp Hl \cGaA_G 9JQrC dA_G ?c9lJ_G ?T9cT Br_aFG
,?r;g_G dpQa B9lGRA_Ga sarJ= s_gAc 9lcp H9lA8:G KF9l= ?FQ9rl qcg] dpQgl
dFaF9r_G gRtQl QcOrA mOf c;M Hl Or9gA_G dp u_KATl_G YQTA ?cF9tlE b_E ?p9]E
k
b_f B9lGRA_:G Hl GOcRl \cGaA_G ^Qpc ,U9TFG GPJ b_f .Or9gA_G OFf OcG ctW=
RtQl_G cO9gA - 9l OJ b_E - H9l]_ Or9gA_G c=r 9l ?_JQl dp H9lA8:G KF9l
c;M Org_G Hf caOg_G dp sJ_G u_KATl_G KFl b_E ?p9]E ,?r;g_G dpQa_ dpQgl_G
.H9lA8:G k_=l_ Qt=l_G OGOT_G bAJ aC Or9gA_G NcQ9A Hl ?Fcgl ?cFlR IQAp
k k
Hl 9cp9t 9l9lAJG Ya]al_G GPJ s_c m_ ,d=Qg_G dgcQWA_G OcgZ_G b_f
QaFG (See COM (1995) 117f final and COM (2002) 433). ?l9g_G ?c]apl_G QcQrA :QdFG )10(
(CA Consumer IQcKW_G ?c]r_G dp ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl QGQr Hl )3( IQrp_G :u_Pt
\cGaA_G YaQWl_ ?gT9A_G X9rF_G ?T_G H89AFa Finance v Ingrid Bakkaus and Others)
:d_c 9l 9lKcp A9G jP_G
Full harmonisation is necessary in order to ensure that all consumers in the
Community enjoy a high and equivalent level of protection of their interests

and to create a genuine internal market. Member States should therefore not be
allowed to maintain or introduce national provisions other than those laid
down in this Directive. However, such restriction should only apply where there
are provisions harmonised in this Directive. Where no such harmonised
provisions exist, Member States should remain free to maintain or introduce
national legislation.
Directive 2008/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 )11(

April 2008 on credit agreements for consumers and repealing Council Directive
87/102/EEC.
2018/1
å ÏbFÇ 126
b_f bja EcJ ,QcMFG Org_G dp ?c=Qg_G caO_G 9KAQrC dA_G u_KATl_G ?c9lJ B9gcQWA
,?=cgl_G B9GAFl_G mGOMATG Hl u_KATl_G ?c9lJ H9l] Ya]al B9gcQWA_G gPJ
uaF=_G Hf IQO9Z_G B9lc_gA_G Hl ?falGl b_f H9lA8:G Oarf mcdFA QlC QZArGa
OfGar= ?Z9M_G ?cRtQl_G uaF=_G BGQGQr_ ?cQ9GA_G uaF=_G BGRa9GA Aa] dp .?cRtQl_G
^g= BQOZC ,)12(?aTrl_G âQr_G Hl 9JQcia ?ct;KAT:G âQr_G KFl UTCa
âQr_9= ?Z9M B9F9c=a B9la_gl hclGA mdF Hl]AA HcFGar ?c=Qg_G caO_G
?c_aO_G Qcc9gl_G b_E 9JGaATl dp brQA : ,)13(?cF9lA8:G B;cKTA_Ga ?ct;KAT:G
.EJ=_G cJl d=aQaFG \cGaA_G 9KFla ?r;g_G BGP (international best practices)
?c9lJ c9Gl dp ?c=aQaFG ?_9J_G b_f Aa]_G bc_TA b_E ?TGQO_G gPJ qOKA
\cGaA_G 9JQrC dA_G ?Z9M_G OfGar_G H9c= c;M Hl ,H9lA8:G Oarf dp u_KATl_G
?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl BGQGQr b_E cZpl ctW= sQaA_Ga ,c9Gl_G GPJ dp d=aQaFG
?r;g_G BGP - ?TGQO_G Ya]al mOMc jP_G QOr_9= - O9JA:G caO_ ?cFaa_G mt9Jl_Ga
Ya]al_G GPK= ?cFaF9r_G ?c=Qg_G ?=Atl_G AGQDE dp EJ9=_G Hl ?=iQ ,EJ=_G Ya]al=
q
H_ .d=Qg_G Haa_G dp ?_D9ll OfGar_ 9FgcQWA OFf \Fl OcpATF 9F_f ,m9K_Ga EcOJ_G
Y9TAG mOg_ EJ=_G Ya]al mdFA dA_G ?c=Qg_G B9gcQWA_G hrGa b_E EJ=_G sQaAc
.QlFG GPK_ c9Gl_G
?g=QC b_E \lcTrA >T9Fl_G Hl \FC 9FOGa EJ=_G Hl IaGQl_G qGOJFG scrJA_
>_al_G ^QgATcT mD Hla ,\cGaA_G sc=aA s9aF H9c= caFG >_al_G ca9FAc ,>_9al
c=r H9lA8:G KF9l B9lGRA_G( Or9gA_G c=r 9l ?_JQl dp u_KATl_G ?c9lJ b=Ga] dF9D_G
dp dt;KAT:G H9lA8:G Orf B9caAJla Hal]l Hf EcOJ__ crAFc_ ,)Or9gA_G ?_JQl
PcpFA( Or9gA_G Og= 9l ?_JQl dp ?c9lJ_G b=Ga] H9c== EJ=_G dKAFca ,E_9D_G >_al_G
.)Org_G
cclg_G g9GA ?ct;KAT:G âQr_G B9c_lf Hf uF=__ ?cFOl_G ?c_a8Tl_G ,jQcp]_G O_9M )12(
,49/26 HaF9r_Ga ?gcQW_G ?_Gl )2012( dAcat_Ga dTFQp_G HaF9r_G dp ?TGQO ,^QArl_G
.408 [
?Z9M B9F9c=a B9la_gl hclGA mdF= [9M_G )2001( ?FT_ )2( mrQ dAcat_G HaF9r_G cDl )13(
Hf IQO9Z_G dt;KAT:G ccalA_G Oarf b=Ga] ,?cF9lA8:G B;cKTA_Ga ?ct;KAT:G âQr_9=
.?cOagT_G ?c=Qg_G ?t_ll_G dp uaF=_G ?=rGQl_ ?l9g_G IQGODG
127 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

caFG >_a*G
\c GaA_G sc=aA s9aF
b_f IO9l_G gPJ BZF EcJ ,\rc=aA s9aF )3/3( IO9l_G [F dp \cGaA_G OOJ
Hl OcpATl_G (creditor) H9lA8:G KF9l \=Gal= KFlc jP_G Org_G aJ H9lA8:G Orf HC
k k
A9FDAT9= -\=9W 9l aC ^Qr ctW dp - hpO_G cGCl 9c_9l 9F9lA8G (debtor) H9lA8:G
dp 9K_=9rl u_KATl_G hpOc jQaO ctW= ?ct;KATG B9lOM aC h89]= OcQaA B:9J
H9c= \cGaA_G Hl ?D_9D_G IO9l_G BFl]A .)14(HcpQa_G Hc= 9Kc_f spAl b9TrC ctW
KF9l qcQgAa u_KATl_G qcQgA 9Kcp 9l= \cp IOQGa_G B9J_aZl_G qcQgA Hl OcOg_G
OcOg_G \cGaA_G Hl ?cF9D_G IO9l_G BOQaC ,c=9rl_G dp .)\cGaA__ dZMW s9aF( H9lA8:G
s_gAA BGQ9=Af: 9lE 9Kcp IOQGa_G ?c9lJ_G m9tJ.= ?_alWl_G Qci BGA9FDAT:G Hl
dpcda_G s9aF_9=( qQgc 9l aJa ,N_G...\AOl aC gQGOrl ,MaFll_G H9lA8:G Hl ^Qj_9=
.)\cGaA__
caFG YQp_G
\c GaA__ dZMW_G sc=aA_G s9aF
hAlAc jaFgl aC dgc=a [MW ct clWc_ KF9l_G maKpl Y9TAG b_f q;M :
\c_f [F 9l GPJa ,dFKl_G aC jQ9GA_G \a9WF ?TQ9ll Q9aE dp d_9l H9lA8G KFl sJ=
,c=9rl_G dp .)15((b/3) IO9l_G [F dp H9lA8:G KF9l_ \pcQgA OFf ?JGQZ \cGaA_G
mC ,dgc=a_G [MW_G b_f qQgA_G GPJ s9=aFG iOl OcOJA u_KATl_G qcQgA d]Arc
?Z9M_G ?caFgl_G [9MWFGa B9tQW_G cDl( 9k ]cC jaFgl_G [MW_G clWc_ OAlc Or
^Qj= Or9gAc Hl b_f qcQgA_G GPJ QZr ?cF9tlE iOl H9c= b_E ?p9]E ,)?l9g_Ga
9KlQ=c Or dA_G Oarg_G clWc_ gOGOAlG mC ?cT9TFG ?c_RFl_Ga ?cZMW_G \A9G9J Y9=WE
cDl( d_gp_G jQ9GA_G mKa9WF= b=AQA : ?cQ9GA B9fa]al= s_gAA dA_Ga ,Q9GA_G
This article provides that: credit agreement' means an agreement whereby a )14(
creditor grants or promises to grant to a consumer credit in the form of a
deferred payment, loan or other similar financial accommodation, except for
agreements for the provision on a continuing basis of services or for the supply
of goods of the same kind, where the consumer pays for such services or goods
for the duration of their provision by means of instalments.
This article provides that: creditor' means a natural or legal person who grants )15(
or promises to grant credit in the course of his trade, business or profession.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 128

\rp_G dp \Ff Q=gco 9l GPJ .)BFQAFE B9lOM OaRl hl QpTa ?J9cT >Atl Or9gA
.)16(u_KATl__ hTal_G qcQgA_Ga sc]_G qcQgA_9= d=Qg_G dFaF9r_G
[F dp A9G EcJ ,u_KATl__ sc]_G qcQgA_G ?JGQZ d=aQaFG \cGaA_G bF=A
\cGaA_G GPJ 9JQrc dA_G ?c9lJ_G OfGar_ h]9M_G u_KATl_G qcQgA \Fl b_aFG IO9l_G
jQ9GA_G \a9WF c9Gl= s_gAc : c9Gl dp cl9gAc jP_G dgc=a_G [MW_G" :\F.=
GPJ 9JQrc dA_G ?c9lJ_G OfGar= calWl_G u_KATl_9p ,U9TFG GPJ b_f .)17("dTc8Q_G
B9G9cAJ9= OaRA__ H9lA8G b_f cZJc jP_G dgc=a_G [MW_G brp aJ \cGaA_G
QaDc jP_G cGCT_Ga .dpcda_G aC dFKl_G \a9WF c9Gl= s_gAA : ?cQTC aC ?cZMW
OcOJA_G GPK= qcQgA_G GPJ hl d=aQaFG YQWl_G cl9gA GP9l_ :aJ c9Gl_G GPJ dp
?sc]_G
HC b_E \cGaA_G OGal QGQrEa ?Wr9Fl= ?r_gAl_G ?cQc]JA_G c9lfFG ?lOrl QcWA
HRGaA_G mOf ?_9J b_f >_jA_G dJ \cGaA_G GPJ Hl YQWl_G 9Kc_E bgT dA_G ?c9j_G
HC QZ9gl_G dFaF9r_G \rp_G iQc .)18(H9lA8:G KF9la u_KATl_G Hl ct Hc= jOrg_G
OJC Hatc EcJ ,Org_G dpQa Hc= ?c_gp_G IGa9Tl_G mGOgFG Hl .WFc jOr9gA_G qg]_G
b_f Or9gA_G dp YaGQ_G dp u_KATl_G Q9cM QDC ,jOFW qTac :QdFG ccZ9pA_G Hl OcRl_ )16(
?c9lJ_G ,df9pQ_G OlJC ,255 HaF9r_Ga ?gcQW_G ?_Gl 43 )2010( Org_G mGQ=E ?dJ_ OcOJA
.)1994 IQJ9r_G :?c=Qg_G ?]KF_G QGO( jOrg_G Hal]l_G AGRE u_KATl__ ?cFOl_G
Consumer' means a natural person who, in transactions covered by this )17(
Directive, is acting for purposes which can be regarded as outside his trade or
profession.
:d_c 9l h=9AA_9= 9lKcp A9G HcP__G )24( mrQa )19( mrQ \cGaA_G X9rF B9T_G QdFG )18(
Recital (19): In order to enable consumers to make their decisions in full
knowledge of the facts, they should receive adequate information, which the
consumer may take away and consider, prior to the conclusion of the credit
agreement, on the conditions and cost of the credit and on their obligations. To
ensure the fullest possible transparency and comparability of offers, such
information should, in particular, include the annual percentage rate of charge
applicable to the credit, determined in the same way throughout the Commu-
nity.
Recital (24): he consumer needs to be given comprehensive information before
he concludes the credit agreement, regardless of whether or not a credit

intermediary is involved in the marketing of the credit. Therefore, in general,
the pre-contractual information requirements should also apply to credit
intermediaries.
129 å 2018/1 ÏbFÇ

GPJ IOGQE c9ac aJF b_f ,c=9rl_G qQa_9= ?FQ9rl qcg] RtQl dp HcOr9gAl_G HcpQa_G
.)19(>89Z_G QGQr_G P9MAG dp IOGQDG gPJ IQOra ?cQJ b_f QDCca qcg]_G qQa_G
Ora \AGP Or9gAl_G [MW Hl ?g=9F HatA Orp ,jOr9gA_G qg]_G >9=TCa QJ9dl OOgAA
b_f .EJ=_G cJl Org_9= ?acJl_G ?cGQ9M_G qaQd_9= cZAA EcJ= \Ff ?cGQ9M HatA
jO9ZArG qg] ,(Inherent weakness) dAGP qg]_G GPJ Hatc Or ;U9TFG GPJ
k
.)20((Knowledge weakness) dpQgl qg] GQcMCa (Economic weakness)
d_rg_G alF_G 9Kcp Hatc dA_G ?_9J_G dJ :(Inherent weakness) dAGP_G qg]_G - 1
OGQC bAl >89Z_G QGQr_G P9MA: cJCl Qci d_rg_G \tGQOE iaATl aC [MW__
RcclA_G mGOgFG dA_9J qg]_G Hl YaF_G GPJ clWc .Qcj_G hl ?cOr9gA B9cr9pAG mGQ=E
.Or9gAl_G qQa_G GPJ IOGQE dp >cf OGa ?_9Ja ,\F9ZrF aC Or9gAl_G qQa_G iO_
AGaT Or9gAl_G qQa_G uGQOEa QctpA iaATl dp c_M OaGa= b_aFG ?_9J_G cZAA
^QGaf Hl ^Q9g= \A=9ZE mC [MW_G GPJ HT QjZ u_P AGQa Hl >=T_G H9tC
dp c_M OaGa= ?cF9D_G ?_9J_G s_gAA ,c=9rl_G dp .)?_pj_Ga HaFG_G ,\Ag_G( ?c_JFG
QctpA_G iaATl c9lAtG Hl miQ_G b_f \AOGQE dp >cf >=T= Or9gAl_G qQa_G IOGQE
.)21()gGQtDGa Uc_OA_G ,b_j_G( \cO_ uGQODGa
mOf ?GcAF .WFA dA_G ?_9J_G dJ :(Economic weakness) jO9ZAr:G qg]_G - 2
9K_;M Hl hcaATc aJF b_f ,?cOrg_G ?a=GQ_G dpQa_ jO9ZAr:G RtQl_G cO9gA
qQa_G m_f miQ ,qcg]_G qQa_G b_f ?cOr9gA_G \aaQW ^Qp jar_G qQa_G
qQa_G hAlA >=T= qg]_G GPJ .WFc .jOrg_G HRGaA_G dp c_M_G GPK= qcg]_G
cJl B9lOM_Ga h_T_G Q9tAJG ?GcAF saT_G dp Qc=t jO9ZArG PapF= jar_G
Or ?cOr9gA baQW ?cF c=9rl_G qQa_G ca=r Hl 9k rDGa \_gGc aJF b_f ,Or9gA_G
9Kcpa ,?_9J_G gPJ QJ9dl mJC OJC H9fPDG Oarf Q=AgA .jar_G qQa_G GPJ 9Kc_lc
P Cserne, Policy considerations in contract interpretation: the contra profer- )19(

entem rule from a comparative and economic perspective, paper to be presented
at the EALE conference, Copenhagen, 13-15 September 2007.
,c9g_G O=f HcTJ OlJl :QdFG ,jOr9gA_G qg]_G QJ9dla maKpl caJ ccZ9pA_G Hl OcRl_ )20(
9la 15 )2007 IQJ9r_G :?c=Qg_G ?]KF_G QGO( ?cOrg_G ?a=GQ_G dp qcg]_G qQa_G maKpl
.9JOg=
J Dickie, article 7 of the Unfair terms in Consumer contracts Directive (1996) )21(
4-2 Consumer law Journal 112.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 130

aC 9KWr9Fc HC HaO baQW Hl \c_E mOrco 9l ca=r b_f qcg]_G qQa_G QaO QZArc
.)22(9Kc_f h_ac
>=T= qg]_G Hl YaF_G GPJ .WFc :(Knowledge weakness) dpQgl_G qg]_G - 3
Hatc EcJ ,Org_G Ya]al cJla baQW= Org_G dpQa ?pQgla IQ=M Ba9pA
Org_9= s_gAA B9la_gl= - QM6G qQa_G hl ?FQ9rl - ;k J9G qcg]_G qQa_G
OcOg_9= \l9lAJG mOfa qcg]_G qQa_G IQ=M ?_r >=T= c=9rl_G qQa_G 9JRaJc
mAKc ,c9Dl_G cc=T b_f .sJ: Bra dp :E 9KAclJC uQOc : dA_G B9la_gl_G Hl
\A9G9cAJG ?c=_A_ brp H9lA8:G ?lcr b_f caZJ_9= H9lA8:G Hl OcpATl_G
jC Qcgc :a ,OGOT_G b_f ?cO9ZAr:G \AQOr OcOJA ?clJC uQOc HC HaO ?cZMW_G
q o
b_f \AFlcJa \AOGQE ^Qp Hl H9lA8:G KF9l HtlA dA_G ?cOr9gA_G baQW__ m9lAJG
.Org_G PcpFA ?_JQl c;M u_KATl_G
KF9l aC h89=__ jO9ZAr:G RtQl_G PapF= s_gAc : dpQgl_G qg]_G HC dFgc GPJ
b_f u_KATl_G IQOr mOg= :a ,?c_Jl_G saT_G dp \Ff ccO= OaGa mOg= :a H9lA8:G
?pQgl mOf ?GcAF .WFc c= ,9K_cOgA >_aa 9KAWr9Fl bAJ aC Org_G baQW IAGQr
Hl YaF_G GPJ cDl= \DGQAtG mOfa \AQ=M mOf ?GcAF ?cOrg_G B9F9c=_9= qcg]_G qQa_G
q
Hf 9FJ EOJAF .\AJ_Zl_ jOrg_G HRGaA_9= c;MDG Hl h89=_G Htlco 9l ,B9la_gl_G
k
Hl >_aca 9r=Tl QG9A_G 9JOgc dA_G u;KAT:G Oarf dp ?cGPalF_G Oarg_G mGOMATG
k
YQWl_G cpt .9KFal]l b_E GQcDt u_KATl_G BpA_c HC HaO 9Kc_f hcraA_G u_KATl_G
k
\cGaA_G [aZF= baQW_G gPJ cDl mGOMATG OFf ?c9lJ_G Hl GOcG iaATl d=aQaFG
?cpTgA_G baQW_G mGOMATG Hl u_KATl_G ?c9lJ= s_gAl_G )1993/13( mrQ d=aQaFG
baQW_G hclG H;a= b_f ?JGQZ \cGaA_G GPJ [F EcJ ,)23(u;KAT:G Oarf dp
.)24(IOQpFl_G \AOGQ@= ?cOrg_G ?a=GQ_G dp mtJA_G HcOr9gAl_G OJF KlTA dA_G ?cpTgA_G
P Nebbia, standard form contracts between unfair terms control and competi- )22(
tion law (2006) 31 (1) European law Review Journal 103.
For more details about this Directive, see: T Wilhelmsson The abuse of the )23(
confidant Consumer as a justification for EC law (2004) Journal of Consumer
policy 325; M J Bonell, The CIGS, European contract law and the development
of a world contract law (2008) 56-1 The American journal of comparative law 6.
dA_G ?cpTgA_G baQW_G Hl OcOg_G b_f [F_G \cGaA_G GPK= [9M_G caFG sJ_l_G Hl]A )24(
q
Hl QG9A_G Htlc jP_G bQW_G ?l89r_G gPJ B_lW EcJ ,QZJ_G : c9Dl_G cc=T b_f BOQa
dp \c_f spAl_G QgT_G ccOgA Hl \FctlA aC ?lOM_G aC ?g_T_G mc_TA Bra hc=_G QgT OcOJA
=
131 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

Orp ,dt;KAT:G H9lA8:G Oarf clWA dA_Ga ?c_9l_G B9lOM_G Oarg= s_gAc 9lcp
dA_G ?cpTgA_G baQW_G ^g= \cGaA_G GPJ sJ_l GPJ Hl ?cF9D_G IQrp_G BFDATG
h]a dp d=aQaFG YQWl_G ?=iQ_ ;)25(QdJ_G Hl ?c_9l_G B9lOM_G Oarf dp mOMATA
k
\Fl 9tGQOE \GaA_G GPJ cDl YQWl_G u_T .)26(Oarg_G gPK_ [9M dFaF9r mcdFA
clWA_ OAlA ?c9lJ OfGar Hl \=_aAA 9la m9f ctW= ?c_9l_G B9lOM_G Oarf ?cZaZM_
d=aQaFG YQWl_G HKAFG u_P_ ;g9FOC K]al aJ 9lt 9JOg= 9la Or9gA_G c=r 9l dA_JQl
dA_G u_KATl_G ?c9lJ B9KcGaA ?c=_9i dp 9JQrC dA_G ?T9cT_G BGP \cGaA_G GPJ dp
,\]pQ aC OcOJA_G GPJ b_f ^GQAf:G dp sJ_G u_KATl__ Hatc HE HaO IOQpFl_G \AGOGQ@= Org_G =
BOGa bAl u_KATl_G Q9aME HaO Org_G A9KFE dp sJ_G QG9A_G KFlc jP_G bQW_G b_E ?p9]E
hl Qa9WA_G HaO Org_G baQW ccOgA dp \rJ b_E ?p9]E ,u_P b_E afOA ?cQJaG >9=TC
.c=9rl_G qQa_G
:dp QdJ_G Hl I9FDATl_G bQW_G gPJ B_DlA )25(
?cQJaG >9=TC BOGa bAl u_KATl_G Q9aME HaO Org_G A9KFE dp \rJ= QG9A_G e9pAJG -
.u_P b_E afOA
c=r u_KATl_G 9Kc_f h_ac m_a s=Tl ctW= h89=_G 9JOfC ?cOr9gA baQW= u_KATl_G mGR_E -
.Org_G b_f hcraA_G
ccOgA Hl \FctlA aC ?lOM_G aC ?g_T_G mc_TA Bra hc=_G QgT OcOJA Hl QG9A_G HctlA -
^GQAf:G dp sJ_G u_KATl__ Hatc HC HaO IOQpFl_G \AGOGQ@= Org_G dp \c_f spAl_G QgT_G
.\]pQ aC OcOJA_G GPJ b_f
Scope of subparagraphs (g), (j) and (l) )26(
(a) Subparagraph (g) is without hindrance to terms by which a supplier of
financial services reserves the right to terminate unilaterally a contract of
indeterminate duration without notice where there is a valid reason, provided
that the supplier is required to inform the other contracting party or parties
thereof immediately.
(b) Subparagraph (j) is without hindrance to terms under which a supplier of
financial services reserves the right to alter the rate of interest payable by the
consumer or due to the latter, or the amount of other charges for financial
services without notice where there is a valid reason, provided that the supplier
is required to inform the other contracting party or parties thereof at the
earliest opportunity and that the latter are free to dissolve the contract
immediately.
Subparagraph (j) is also without hindrance to terms under which a seller or
supplier reserves the right to alter unilaterally the conditions of a contract of
indeterminate duration, provided that he is required to inform the consumer
with reasonable notice and that the consumer is free to dissolve the contract.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 132

c9Gl= s_gAc : Q9aE dp cl9gAc jP_G dgc=a_G [MW_G b_f ?c9lJ_G iaATl BQZr
.)27(?cT9TFG \ApQJ aC \AFKl
hTaA_Ga \GaA_G GPK_ A9]fFG caO_G ?p_9Ml ?cF9tlE caJ cC9TA_G QaDc Or ,GkQcMC
cOg_G ?ltJl B=9GC ?Q9GA__ ?JaFll_G H9lA8:G Oarf clWc EcJ= ?c9lJ_G s9aF dp
9KAQ9WATG 9lFcJ )28((di pinto) IQcKW_G ?c]r_G dp cC9TA_G GPJ Hf ?c=aQaFG
Q9GA_G B;l9gl clWc_ ?c9lJ_G s9aF Ol ?cF9tlE [aZM= ?cTFQp_G ^rF_G ?ltJl
b9WF_9=( QlFG s_gA a_ bAJ \GaA_G GPJ ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl B]pQp ,?cF9lA8:G
gPK= QG9A_G hAlA mOf dFgc aJa ,(not his usual business) )QG9A__ jO9cAf:G Qci
b9WF_G GPJ Htc m_ HEa bAJ jQ9GA_G \a9WF= ?r;f H9lA8:G Org_ H9t 9l_9a ?c9lJ_G
b_f ?c_9l ?TTCl hl dTOFJ >Atl Or9gA ?_9J cDl( ?cTc8Q_G \A9a9WF Hl] Hl
H9t ,u_P b_E ?p9]E .)\cp qcctA IRKGC >ctQA ^Qj= H9lA8G >Atl_G KFl U9TC
9KAOfC dA_G )29((green paper) AGQ]M_G ?rcDa_G Hl )15( IQrp_G [F dp 9k J]Ga
(consumer acquis) u_KATl_G ?c9lJ B9gcQWA ?gGGQl H.W= ?c=aQaFG ?c]apl_G
u_KATl_G qcQgA hl cl9gA_G dp ?cgcQWA_G ?T9cT_G OOWA ,)30(O9JA:G iaATl b_f
See: M Fayyad. A glance of unfair terms in consumer transactions in Arab )27(

legal systems and Islamic law: what Arab lawyers can learn from the European
experience (2012) 5/2 international journal of private law 200.
Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 14 March 1991. - Criminal )28(

proceedings against Patrice Di Pinto. - Reference for a preliminary ruling: Cour
d'appel de Paris - France. - Consumer protection - Doorstep canvassing. - Case
C-361/89.
HcFGar_G hcQ9Wl b_E d=aQaFG O9JA;_ dFaF9r_G m9dF_G dp A9]c=_G ?rQa_G K_aZl QcWc )29(
B9JQArl_G Hl ?falGl Hl]AA dA_Ga d=aQaFG YQWl_G c=r Hl 9K_aGOA mAc dA_G B9TGQO_Ga
mAc ?rQa_G gPJ .gQGQr P9MAG dp d=aQaFG YQWl_G Of9TA dA_G BGA9ZJDGa B9TGQO_Ga
hlAGl B9TTCl ,AGQ=M( d=aQaFG O9JA:G caO dp [9ZAM:G jaP b_f 9KgcRaAa 9JQWF
mKA9dJ;la mKA9JQArl= O9WQAT:G mAc EcJ ,)N_G ...?c=9rF B9TTCla B9cglG ,dFOl
9l >rf A9]c=_G ?rQa_G caGOAa QWF mAc 9l IO9f .?TGQO_Ga EJ=_G cJl Ya]al_9= ?r_gAl_G
cJl ?_tWl_G AGQ]M_G ?rQa_G Ya]al ca9FAc .(The green Paper) AGQ]M_G ?rQa_9= blTc
KApAa 9l Ya]al ?G_9gl ?clJC ca9FAA 9lFEa ,IOOJl B9JQArl ca9FAA :a ,?TGQO_Ga EJ=_G
U_Gl b_aAc .9Kc_f >_jA_G c89Taa ?_tWl_G gPJ B9cfGOA X9rF_ ?l9g_Ga hclG_G m9lC c9Gl_G
B9G9AFAT:G hcRaAa QWFa 9JGaAJl ?Wr9Fl mcdFAa sGQaFG gPJ OGOfE d=aQaFG O9JA:G
b_f B9TGQO_G gPJ ^QgA mD Hla qGQaFG hclG Hl 9Kc_E cZaA_G mA dA_G B9cZaA_Ga
.d=aQaFG O9JA;_ dFaQAt_DG hral_G Q=f 9K]rFa 9Kc_f Y;a:G hclG__ M9Aca QGQr_G dgF9Z
Green Paper on the Review of the Consumer Acquis /* COM/2006/0744 final. )30(
133 2018/1
å ÏbFÇ
clWc_ ?c9lJ_G s9aF Ol dp A9]fFG caO_G Hl OcOg_G \GaA q_9Mc aJF b_f
caO__ ?cFaF9r_G ?ldFFG OcJaA H9l] qOK= ;AGaT OJ b_f ?cQ9GA_G B;l9gl_G
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KF9l g9]Arl= mRA_c jP_G Org_G \FC b_f H9lA8:G Orf qQgA_ ,?c9lJ_G cJl H9lA8:G
cGC ctW b_f (credit) 9k F9lA8G (debtor) H9lA8;_ dr_Al_G KFl= (creditor) H9lA8:G
HC GPJ Hl mKpco Or .?K=9Wl_G A9pa_G B;cKTAa ?paWtl_G B9c_lg_Ga ^Qr_9t ,A9pa__
H9lA8:G KF9l Hc= Orf OaGa brp >_aAA \cGaA_G GPJ m9tJF ?g]9M_G H9lA8:G Oarf
dp clWc aJF b_f ,OOJl dFaF9r maKpl= Org_G GPJ s9aF OcrAc HC HaO ,u_KATl_Ga
hc=_G ,?cpQZl_G âQr_G :cDl dF9lA8:G h=9a_G BGP ?c_9l_G Oarg_G ?p9t \r9aF
,>=T_G GPK_ .)31(N_E...AGQW_G Q9cM hl Q9GcDG ,uc_lA_G b_E dKAFl_G Q9GcDG ,jQ9GcDG
Oarf Hl OcOg_G ?JGQZ ?cF9D_G \AO9l Hl )6 b_E 2( Hl \AGQrp dp \cGaA_G bFDATG
?cF BKGAG .9k cQ9cAMG aC 9k c8RG ,9k c_t Ak9FDATG 9lE \cGaA_G GPJ sc=aA s9aF Hl H9lA8:G
^GQAf9= BlOaZG 9KFC :E \cGaA_G sc=aA s9aF dp hTaA_G b_E ?cGO= ?c]apl_G
dp m89r aJ 9l hl \cGaA_G m9GTFG H9l] b_E BgT dA_G A9]fFG caO_G Hl OcOg_G
ARG_G GPJ dp cZpl_G EJ=_G QGOl BGA9FDAT:G gPJ HatAT .?cFaa_G ?cFaF9r_G 9KAldFC
.)32(RGal ctW= H9lA8:G Orf ?cJ9l Hf EcOJ_G Og= ?TGQO_G Hl
L9AFDG dp gQ9lDAT: c9l_G qc_TA O9ZAr:G m_f dp H9lA8:9= OZrc
k
b_f 9FaF9r qQgca .IOl_Ga ?rD_G 9lJ HccT9TC HcQZFf b_f marc aJa .u;KAT:Ga
QaZ q_AMA ."c=rATl_G dp OGOT_9= Ofa= ?g_T aC OarFt Q]9J c9l ?_O9=l" \FC
9k rpa .)33(\Fl ^Qj_G q;AMG b_E ?p9]E ?cFaF9r_G \Agc=a q;AM: 9k g=A H9lA8:G
.414 [ s=9T hGQl ,jQcp]_G O_9M )31(

H. Micklitz, N. Reich and P. Rott, Understanding EC consumer law (Hart )32(
Publishing Ltd: U.S.A. 2009) 187.
IQ9GA_G HaF9r ?falGl ,dtF=_G HaF9r_Ga IQ9GA_G ?FaOl Hc= ?ctF=_G Oarg_G ,dGaQp_G OlJl )33(
dp RcGa_G ,ja9rQW_G ?W89f ,398 )1998 A9]c=_G QGO_G :IOcOG_G M9GF_G ?g=al( c9lfFGa
.71 )2008 b9=Q_G :QWF_Ga ?f9=a__ sGQrQ d=C QGO 2( dtF=_G HaF9r_G
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 134

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^QArl_G b_E jOCc H.= ^Qrl_G \cp mRA_c Orf Hf IQ9=f ^Qr_G H9t GPEa .O9lAf:Ga
9Kc_f spAl ?c_9l B9gpO b_f k_=l_G GPJ OQ= QcMFG mGRA_G c=9rl c9l_G Hl 9k j_=l
\=Gal= OKgAc Orf aJ O9lAf:G H@p ,)34(?c_9l IO89p k_=l 9Kc_E q9]c 9l IO9fa
BGQl aC IQl A9W bAl \Fl >JTc cclg_G qQZA BJA Hcgl k_=l h]a= KF9l_G
HC dFgc GPJ .)35(GPtJa >JT_G Ocgc HC \_ HtlC HcO_9= bpaC GPEa ,?Fcgl IOl c;M
cc=T b_f hc=_G Orgp ;H9lA8:G ?c_lg_ OcJa_G dFaF9r_G qQZA_G Uc_ ^Qr_G Orf
OOJl cG.= jQAWl_G Y9pAFG b_f s9pA:G mAc 9lOFf 9KAGP ?GcAF_G srJc Or c9Dl_G
?=TF_9= c9J_G u_Pta ,b9TrC ctW b_f 9k fapOl HlD_G Hatc 9lOFf aC ,HlD_9= A9pa__
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.)36(Q9GcDG IOl c;M
k k k
,)38(9cQ9lDATG ,)37(9cG9AFE H9lA8:G Hatc Or ,H9lA8:G Hl ^Qj__ 9rpa
Oarf b_f ?JGQZ d=aQaFG \cGaA_G sc=aA s9aF QZArG .9k ct;KATG aC )39(9k c_;jATG
ctW b_f OGQpI_ KFlc dF9lA8G ^Qr \FC b_f qQgc EcJ ,dt;KAT:G H9lA8:G
dp ,d_89g_G aC dZMW_G u;KAT;_ h_T b_f caZJ_G ^Qj= d_9l O9lAfG aC ^Qr
.414 [ s=9T hGQl ,jQcp]_G O_9M )34(

.17 [ ,s=9T hJQl ,H9lcE U=9J )35(
.414 [ s=9T hGQl ,jQcp]_G O_9M )36(
dA_Ga ?p_AMl_G ?cO9ZAr:G B9f9ar_G aJF \GaA ?c_9l k_9=l :\FC b_f dG9AFDG H9lA8:G qQgc )37(
,?cQaQ]_G c89Ta_G Hl 9JQcia B:Ba ?c_aC OGal b_E L9AJc jP_G ?f9FZ_G Y9ar dp cDlAA
.G_A PE ,L9AFDG IO9cR scQa Hf OGQpFG B9=iQ Y9=WE b_E qOKc jP_G dfGQR_G Y9ar_G u_Pta
IO9cRa dfGQR_G 9K_aZJl ccalA_ ^Qr >_a= uF=_G Hl IOf9Tl_G >_a b_E ?TTCl_G
.OGQcAT:Ga QcOZA_G b_f \A;l9gA c9Gl QZArc jP_G IQ9GA_G Y9ar ccalA_ aC ,gO8Gaf
jPv_Ga ,B=9D c9vl UCQ HcatA OZr= ?cQ9lDAT:G hcQ9Wl_G ccaJA_ MaFll_G ^Qr_G \= OZrc )38(
âQr_G KFlAa ,N_G...dF9=l_G ,d]GQFG ,BGQ9rg_G cDl ?_caa ?cFlR IQAp_ ?vTTCl_G dp bvr=c
,IOcOG mKTCa BGOFT dp 9K=9AAtG ccalA_ Q9lDAT:G B9tQWa Q9lDAT:G uaF=_ ?cQ9lDAT:G
sGQaFG IQT9lT cGF aC >_a_G OvFf ?rJATl âQr cvtW dp ?cQ9lDATk :G âQr_G KFlA
.?c_9l_G sGQaI_ mKA9cQAWl Hl ARG ccalA_ OGQpI_ 9]cC KFlAa ,?c_9l_G
YaF_G GPJ IOl MaGQAA ,BrCl qQd ?KGGal= KlTA ,cGFG IQcZr âQr Hf IQ9=f dJ )39(
GPK_ ?TTCl_G .G_A ,IOJGa_G ?FT_G Ra9GAA :a QaKW ?g]= b_E m9cC ?g]= Hl âQr_G Hl
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.OaOJl HlR
135 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

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^Qj= Orgco \FC jC ,?ct;KAT:G B9lOM_Ga h_T_G AGQW ccalA dp H9lA8:G YGaFC Hl
9l mJCa ,d_RFl E9DC aC IQ9cT AGQWt ?cQTFG aC ?cZMW_G u_KATl_G B9G9J ?c=_A
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bQAWc :a ,^Qr_G cZC b_E q9]A dA_G IO89p_G ?=TF dp cDlAc ?lOM_G gPJ mcOrA
.)41(HlR_G dp IOOJl B9gpO b_f Hatc Orp IOJGa ?gpO A9pa_G Hatc HC QcMFG GPJ dp
k
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b_f .?cFaa_G 9KA9gcQWA dp BGA9FDAT:G gPJ Hl jC I9fGQl mOf c;M Hl \cGaA_G
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)42(
:dp BGA9FDAT:G gPJ B_DlA .g9FOC \c_E Q9Wl_G ?l89r_G gPJ dp
OvcvpvAvTvlv_G 9vKvgvpOvc ?vcvp9v]E mavTQ ?vcC aC IOv89vp kv_v=vlv= ?vav=QvAvlv_G Qvcvi H9vlvAv8:G Oavrvf -
.)43(H9lA8:G KF9l b_E
H9vlvAv8:G ?vlvcvr OGOvTv= OvcvpvAvTvlv_G 9vKvcvp mRvAv_vc dvAv_G cvGFG IQvcvZvr H9vlvAv8:G Oavrvf -
IOv 89v pv _G ?v =v Tv F Bv F9v t c9v J dv p \v cv _v f \v _av Zv J Nv cQ9v A Hv l Qv Kv WC ?v D;v D IOv l c;v M
s9vrvJvAvT:G >vTvF Ov8Gavpv= ?vFQ9vrvl (insignificant) ?v_vcv_vr H9vlvAv8:G GPvJ Hvf ?vrvJvAvTvlv_G
.)44(cGFG ?_caa (term of maturity)
.118 [ ,s=9T hGQl ,ja9rQW_G ?W89f :QdFG B9pcQgA_G gPJ caJ ccZ9pA_G Hl OcRl_ )40(
.s=9T_G hGQl_G )41(
.EJ9=_G O9KAGG Hl ?lGQA_G )42(
Para. (2/f) provides that: credit agreements where the credit is granted free of )43(
interest and without any other charges.......
In addition, Para. (2/j) provides that: credit agreements which relate to the
deferred payment, free of charge, of an existing debt.
Para (2/f) provides that:....... And credit agreements under the terms of which )44(
the credit has to be repaid within three months and only insignificant charges
are payable.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 136

?v cv tv _v lv _G sav rv J >9v Tv Av tG bv _E Ov cv pv Av Tv lv _G 9v Kv 8GQa Hv l qOv Kv c dv Av _G H9v lv Av 8:G Oav rv f -

dvp .)45(dv]9vlv_G dvp \v=vTvAvtG Ovr H9vt ?vcQ9vrvf ?vcvtv_vl svJ bv_vf ?vdvp9vJvlv_G aC ?vcQ9vrvgv_G
Q9vlvfE IO9vfE bv_E qOvKvA dvAv_G H9vlvAv8:G Oavrvf \vcvGavAv_G svcv=vavA s9vavFv_ hv]vMvc cv=9vrvlv_G
.)46(OcpATl_G 9Kt_lc ?l89r BGQ9rf - HcTJA aC - mclQA aC
mOvf c9vJ dvp Q9vGvcDG Oavrvf bv_E ?vp9v]E 9vKv_9vtvWC ?vp9vtv= dv_vcavlvAv_G QvcvG.vAv_G Oavrvf -
- cv rv Av Tvl s9v pvAG Hvlv] aC Ov rv gv_G Hvlv ] - Ov cvpvAv Tv lv_Ga Kv F9vlv _G Hv cv= s9v pv AG Oav Ga
9vKvcv_vf svpvAvl ?vcv_9vl b9vTvrC OGOvT bvpavAvTG GPE Ovrvgv_G cvJvlv_ QvG.vAvTvlv_G uv_vlvAv= dv]vrvc
.)47(HcpQa_G Hc=
bvrvp mvKvcOv_ Hvcv_vl9vgv_v_ cvlvgv_G >9v=QC 9vKvJvFvlvc dvAv_G OvcvpvAvTvlv_v_ ?vcv_vcv]vpvAv_G H9vlvAv8:G Oavrvf -
cvrvA ?vcavFvT IOv89vp >vTvF ?vFvlv]vAvlv_G aC IOv89vp >vTvF Hvl ?vcv_9vMv_G - ?vl9vgv_G HaO -
.)48(saT_G dp \= calgl aJ 9lf QcDt=
?vFvcvgvl ?v8vpv_ ?vJavFvlvlv_Ga [9vM HavF9vrv= ?vlvdvFvlv_G OvcvpvAvTvlv_v_ ?vcv_vcv]vpvAv_G H9vlvAv8:G Oavrvf -
cvrvA IOv89vp Q9vgvT.v= ?vav=vAQvl BvF9vt aC IOv89vpv_G Q9vgvTC Hvl Bv_vM HE ,hvlvAvGvlv_G dvp
.)49(saT_G dp \= calgl aJ 9lf eaJ_l ctW=
(the total amount of credit) dv_9vlvGDG cvcavlvAv_G kv_v=vl 9vKvcvp cvrvc dvAv_G H9vlvAv8:G Oavrvf -
Para. (2/b) provides that: credit agreements the purpose of which is to acquire )45(
or retain property rights in land or in an existing or projected building.
\cGaA_G m9tJ.= cOgl_G )102/87( \cGaA_G sc=aA s9aF Hl u_Pt I9FDATl Oarg_G gPJ BF9t )46(
.?TGQO_G Ya]al
Para. (2/d) provides that: hiring or leasing agreements where an obligation to )47(
purchase the object of the agreement is not laid down either by the agreement
itself or by any separate agreement; such an obligation shall be deemed to exist
if it is so decided unilaterally by the creditor.
Para. (2/g) provides that: credit agreements where the credit is granted by an )48(
employer to his employees as a secondary activity free of interest or at annual
percentage rates of charge lower than those prevailing on the market and which
are not offered to the public generally.
Para (2/l) provides that: credit agreements which relate to loans granted to a )49(
restricted public under a statutory provision with a general interest purpose,
and at lower interest rates than those prevailing on the market or free of
interest or on other terms which are more favorable to the consumer than those
prevailing on the market and at interest rates not higher than those prevailing
on the market.
137 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

BvpQvf ,[avZvMv_G GPvJ dvpa .)50(aQavc qv_C )75( Hvf OvcRvc aC aQavc )200( Hvf
>vGavlv= OvcvpvAvTvlv_v_ ?vJ9vAvlv_G kv_9v=vlv_G dv_9vlvGE :\vFC bv_vf cvcavlvAv_G kv_v=vl ?vDv_9vDv_G IO9vlv_G
.)51(ccalA_G Orf
>v=vTv= ,?v_avrvFvlv_G Qvcvia ?v_avrvFvlv_G cGavlIv_ ?vcQ9vrvgv_G HavJQv_9v= ?vav=vAQvlv_G H9vlvAv8:G Oavrvf -
.)52(B;l9gl_G gPJ m9tJC mdFA A9]fFG caO_G ?p9t_ ?Z9M B9gcQWA OaGa
bv_vf KvF9vlv_G gRavJvc dvFvcvf H9vlv]v_ OvcvpvAvTvlv_G mvcOvrvA >v_vavAvA dvAv_G H9vlvAv8:G Oavrvf -
\v vA9v vlGRv Av _G OGOv vTv v= Ov vcv vpv vAv vTv vlv v_G m9v cv r Hv cv J bv v_E )jR9v vcv vJ Hv vJQ( H9v lv ]v v_G cv vcv v=v vT
OvfGavr( Oavrvgv_G Hvl YavFv_G GPvJ mvdvFvA ?vZ9vM OvfGavr OavGa U9vTC bv_vf ,)53(?vcv_9vlv_G
.)jR9cJ_G HJQ_G
B9v 8v cv J m9v lC ?v cOa B9v cav Tv A aC ?v cv 89v ]v r BGQGQv r >v Gav lv = ?v Gv A9v Fv _G H9v lv Av 8:G Oav rv f -
.?ZAMl ?clctJA aC ?c89]r
\vcvGavAv_Ga (EC/39/2004) \vcvGavAv_G m9vtvJF ?vgv]9vMv_G jQ9vlvDvAvT:G H9vlvAv8:G Oavrvf -
.)54(?c_9l_G B9lOM_G c9Gl dp Q9lDAT:G B9F9l]= ?Z9M_G (EC/48/2006)
Para (2/c) provides that: credit agreements involving a total amount of credit )50(
less than EUR 200 or more than EUR 75 000.
Para (3/l) defines the total amount of credit as: the ceiling or the total sums )51(
made available under a credit agreement.
Para. (1/a) provides that: credit agreements which are secured either by a )52(
mortgage or by another comparable security commonly used in a Member
State on immovable property or secured by a right related to immovable
property.
Para. (2/k) provides that: credit agreements upon the conclusion of which the )53(
consumer is requested to deposit an item as security in the creditor's safe-
keeping and where the liability of the consumer is strictly limited to that
pledged item.
Para. (2/h) provides that: credit agreements which are concluded with )54(
investment firms as defined in Article 4(1) of Directive 2004/39/EC of the
European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004 on markets in
financial instruments (9) or with credit institutions as defined in Article 4 of

Directive 2006/48/EC for the purposes of allowing an investor to carry out a
transaction relating to one or more of the instruments listed in Section C of
Annex I to Directive 2004/39/EC, where the investment firm or credit
institution granting the credit is involved in such transaction.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 138

k
:d c p da_G sc=aA_G s9aF H l d 8RG_G A9FDAT:G - 9cF9D
KF9l mGRA_G BFl]A dA_G \cGaA_G Hl )3/2( IO9l_G [F dp A9FDAT:G GPJ OQa
c9J dp ,\cGaA_G dp 9Kc_f [aZFl_G B9lGRA_:G - ct Uc_a - ^g== H9lA8:G
HcOl_G jQ9G_G >9TJ_9= blTc 9l aC "qaWtl_G b_f >JT_G" B;cKTA Oarf
OcpATl__ KlTc jQ9G_G >9TJ_G b_f OaOJl H9l] aJa )55((overdraft facility)
GPJ sc=aA_ bQAWc .qQZl_G iO_ QpGaAl_G d_9l_G gOcZQ sapA ?c_9l B9gpO >JT=
iOgAA : ?cFlR IQAp c;M aC >_a_G OFf H9lA8:G ?lcr OQ= OcpATl_G mGRA_G A9FDAT:G
k
,A9FDAT:G GPK_ 9rpa .H9lA8:G b_f \_aZJ NcQ9A Hl QKW Hf crA :a QKWC ?D;D
b_E \cGaA_G dp 9Kc_f [aZFl_G B9la_gl_G ^g= Hf M9ZpD9= KF9l_G mRA_cT
K]al aJ 9lt Or9gA_G Hf caOg_G dp \rJ_ OcpATl_G HGOrp b_E ?p9]E OcpATl_G
.cc]pA_9= g9FOC
k
:d c p da_G sc=aA_G s9aF H l j Q9cAM:G A9FDAT:G - 9D_9D
IOJAl_G ?t_ll_G dp IQWAFl_G dFa9gA_G Q9MO:G uaF= clg= A9FDAT:G GPJ s_gAc
dA_G B9TTCl_G mJC Q=AgA dA_Ga ,(Mutual saving banks) [aZM_G \Ga b_f
hpOA : d_9A_9= dJa ,9Kcp HcfOal__ ?ta_ll 9KFF ,ccalA_Ga Q9MO:G B9c_lg= h_a]A
UpF dp mJ HcP_G HcfOal__ 9k J9=QC mOrA c= 9KcO_ ?fa]al_G h8GOa_G b_f O8Gap
.9KcO_ HcfOal__ ?c_9l B9cF9lA8G mcOrA= c=9rl_G dp marAa ,?TTCl_G >9JZC Bra_G
A9]fFG caO_G KFlp ,?c_9l_G B9TTCl_G gPJ clf ?cZaZM d=aQaFG YQWl_G uQOC
c;M Hl ,HcOcpATl_G hl 9KA;l9gA mcdFA OFf ?c89FDATG ?_l9gl 9KJFl dp sJ_G
QZr( 9KA;l9gA b_f g;fC K]al_G d8RG_G A9FDAT:G dp OQGa_G A9FDAT:G sc=aA
dp sJ_9= OcpATl_G hAlA mOf b_E ?p9]E ,IOOJl B9la_gl Hf M9ZpD9= 9KA9lGRA_G
)56(
:?c_9A_G baQW_G BQpGaA bAl )caOg_G
Para. (3/c) defines it as: an agreement whereby a creditor grants or promises to )55(
grant to a consumer credit in the form of a deferred payment, loan or other
similar financial accommodation, except for agreements for the provision on a
continuing basis of services or for the supply of goods of the same kind, where
the consumer pays for such services or goods for the duration of their provision
by means of instalments.
These conditions are stipulated in article (2/5) which provides that: )56(
Member States may determine that only Articles 1 to 4, 6, 7 and 9, Article 10(1),
points (a) to (h) and (l) of Article 10(2), Article 10(4) and Articles 11, 13 and 16 to
= 32 shall apply to credit agreements which are concluded by an organisation which:
139 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

.brp 9K89]fF ?_O9=Al_G ?gpFl_G scrJA ^Qj= .WFA HC -

.9K89]fC Qci Hl OJC 9Ka9WF Hl OcpATc : HC -
.?cFaa B9gcQWA= 9KlcdFA mAc ?cf9lAGG qGOJC srJA HC -
.brp 9K89]fC b_f ccalA_Ga Q9MO:G b9WF QZArc HC -
\v= cavlvgvl avJ 9vlvf cvrvA ?vcavFvT IOv89vp cOvgvlv= 9vKv89v]vfF ?vcv_9vl B9vcvF9vlvAv8G mOvrvA HC -
o k
.?cFaa_G B9gcQWA_G dp QrC 9l_ 9r=a aC saT_G dp
= (a) s established for the mutual benefit of its members.
(b) does not make profits for any other person than its members.
(C)fulfils a social purpose required by domestic legislation.

(d) receives and manages the savings of, and provides sources of credit to, its
members only.
(e) provides credit on the basis of an annual percentage rate of charge which is
lower than that prevailing on the market or subject to a ceiling laid down by
national law.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 140

dF 9D_G >_a*G
Or9gA_G ?_JQl c=r H 9lA8:G KF9l B9lGRA_G
B9F9c=_G ?p9t b_f caZJ_G dp u_KATl_G IOf9Tl H9l] b_E mGRA_:G GPJ qOKc
aJF b_f \_ ?cQ9GA_Ga ?cFaF9r_G IOf9Tl_G mcOrAa ,H9lA8:G Org= ?r_gAl_G B9la_gl_Ga
h]a ,QMB bFgl= .\lOf Hl H9lA8:G Orf m9lAE dp >89Z_G QGQr_G P9MAG Hl \Ftq lco
H9lA8:G KF9l_ dpQgl_G RtQl_G hl - 9l OJ b_E - HRGaAl dpQgl RtQl dp u_KATl_G
hTAc ,?GcAF_G gPJ b_E caZa_G H9l]_ .9KcpQa Hc= ?cOrg_G ?r;g_G HRGaA Hl]c 9l=
Hf H;fDG OFf b=Ga]_G Hl OcOg_G I9fGQl= :H9lA8:G KF9l mGRA_G clWc_ mGRA_:G GPJ
Org= ?Z9M_G B9Fc=_Ga B9la_gl_G ?p9t b_f u_KATl_G Y;aE ,9KlOrc dA_G B9lOM_G
?lcr OGOT b_f >_a_G mOrl_ )?cF9lA8:G ?c_JFG( ?c_9l_G IQOr_G ?TGQO ,H9lA8:G
k
GQcMCa ,\=_a ^pQ c9J dp 9Kc_f u_KATl_G Y;aEa ,\c_f cZJ aJ HE H9lA8:G
B9lGRA_:G gPJ qOKA .)57(Org_G b_f â9pA_G ?_JQl c;M O9WQDGa KZF_G >GGa
;H9lA8:G Org= ?Z9M_G ?c_cZpA_G B9la_gl_G ?p9t= OcpATl_G OcaRA b_E 9KfalGl dp
dp IOaGal_G âQg_G dr9=a mOrl_G ^Qg_G Hc= Q9cAM:Ga ?_]9pl_G Hl HtlAc dt_
.?TGQO_G Hl ARG_G GPJ dp cZpl_G EJ=_G QGOl B9lGRA_:G gPJ HatAT .saT_G
caFG YQp_G
c_]*G |i j Q9GA_G H ;fDG |c9gl= mGRA_:G
H9fPDG Oarf dp >9GcDG c9tWC Hl ctW ?=9Dl= Q9KWDG aC H;fDG Q=Agc
scQa Hf QW9=l Qci OKG \F.= d=Qj_G dFaF9r_G \rp_G \pQf Ora ,malg__ \Gal_G
c=9rl= B9lOM_G aC h_T_G aC Q9tpFG HcaQAa ^Qg_ ?l9g_G c9ZA:G c89Ta iOJE
cGC Hl u_KATl_G b_f QcD.A__ ?cl_f UTC b_f OlAgc ,jQtp YGO=E aKp .)58(jO9l
c;M Hl u_Pa ,M9=QFG IO9cRa B9GAFl_G qcQZA dJa ?cO9ZArG ?c9i scrJA
srJcT 9k FTJ 9k lGOMATG mOMATG 9l GPE jP_Ga ,?cl;fDG c89Ta_G q_AMl c9lgATG
?cn]p Qlo Qci H89AF b_E jOCc \F@p @cT ctW= mOMATG GPE 9lC ,?c=9GcE GkQ9DBa O8Gap
.g;fC 9lKc_E Q9Wl_G )24( mrQa )19( mrQ \cGaA_G X9rF B9T_G :QdFG )57(
IOGa ?gl9G ,sarJ_G ?c_t ,IGQaAtO ?_9TQ ,u_KATl_G ?c9lJ_ ?cFaF9r_G QJ9dl_G ,QcFl jOKl )58(
.239 [ ,2005-2004 >Qjl_G ,)caFG OlJl(
141 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

Hatc .)59(c_]l_G aC >P9t_G H;fD9= qQgc 9l aJa ,u_KATl_G cc_]A dp cDlAA

c;M Hl ,u_P b_E jOCc HC Htlc aC u_KATl_G YGOM \F.W Hl H9t GPE 9k =P9t H;fDG
?la_gl aC B9F9c= LGQOE scQa Hf Or9gA_G b_E \gpOc Or b_i dp \f9rcEa \_c_]A
H;fD9= d=Qj_G dFaF9r_G \rp_G dp \Ff qQgc 9l aJa ,c9J_G hrGa hl spAA : ?__]l
k
Y9FAlG c;M Hl ;_]l H;fDG Hatc 9lt .(positive actions) clg= m9cr_9= c_]l_G
aC 9KFf H_gc dA_G IO9l_G BGP= cZAA Or s89rJ aC B9la_gl Hf M9ZpDG Hf H_gl_G
Hl9FQ= AGQW b_E ?G9J_G cDl( 9KFf H_gc HC >Gc ?cQaQ] ?cGQ9M QZ9Fg= b=AQA
d=Qj_G dFaF9r_G \rp_G dp qQgc 9l aJa ,)\Ff H_gl_G Hl9FQ=_G cclJA_ Hcgl dFaQAt_E
Rclc Hl u9FJ Ht_ )60((negative actions) clf Hf Y9FAl:G c;M Hl cc_]A_9=
BGQ9=f dp Z9Zc \Ft_a ?=P9t B9F9c= Qto Pcn : c_]l_G H;fDG Hat Hl 9k r;aFG 9lKFc=
Hc= hrA ?arF dp c_]l_G H;fDG hrc aJF_G GPJ b_fa ,u_KATl_G YGOM b_E jOCA
.)61(>P9t_G H;fDGa sO9Z_G H;fDG
9KJQaA dA_G ?cQ9GA_G B9F;fDG hl cl9gA_G ?clJC d=aQaFG YQWl_G uQOC
^g== \cGaA_G Hcl]A QQrA u_P_a ;u_KATl_G 9]Q b_f 9JQDCa ,?cF9lA8:G B9TTCl_G
QaKlG__ 9KA9lOM Hf H;fDG OFf B9TTCl_G gPJ 9KcfGQA HC >Gc dA_G B9lGRA_:G
B9F;fDG Hc= \cGaA_G Rclc .Or9gA_G c=r 9l ?_JQl c;M mKAc9lJ H9l]_ u_Pa
k
Hc=a (figures) ?cJc]aA :9tWCa ?_GO ?clrQ B9laTQ jaAJA dA_G ?cQ9GA_G
b_E dF9D_G YaF_G mcdFA c9JC EcJ .)62(B9laTQ_G gPJ cDl jaAJA : dA_G B9F;fDG
OlJC ,231 )2005 b9=Q_G :H9lFG QGO ?g=al( ?FQ9rl ?TGQO - H9fPDG Oarf ,d=Qg_G O9cl )59(
:IOvcOvGv_G ?vgvl9vGv_G QGO( ?v_v_v]vlv_Ga ?v=P9vtv_G ?vcQ9vGvAv_G ?vc9vfOv_G Hvl ?vcvFOvlv_G ?vc9vlvJv_G ,OQvrRv_G
QGO 1( dFaQAt_DG Org_G dp u_KATl_G ?c9lJ mcJGQ=E MaOll O_9M ,18 )2007 ?cQOFtTDG
.42 )2008 ?cQOFtTDG :dgl9G_G IQtp_G
M Fayyad, Misleading Advertising Practices in Consumer Transactions, can )60(
Arab Lawmakers Gain an Advantage from European Insight(2012) 26 Arab
law Quarterly 287.
Hans W. Micklitz, 'full harmonization of unfair commercial practices under )61(

Directive 2005/29, Case comment' International Review of Intellectual Property
and Competition Law 40-4 (2009) 372; S Norelid, 'the unfair commerce.al
practice Directive' European Lawyer Journal 76 (2008) 42.
H. Micklitz, N. Reich and P. Rott, Ibid 192. )62(
å 2018/1 ÏbFÇ 142

)63(
)2005/29( mrQ \cGaA_G >Gal= ?__]l_G B9F;fDG Hl u_KATl_G ?c9lJ OfGar
Qci ?cQ9GA_G B9TQ9ll_G Hl u_KATl_G ?c9lJ dp ?l9g_G ?c:a_G >J9Z gQ9=Af9=
dp .)64(?lOM_G aC ?g_T_G HcaQA OFf c_]l_G H;fDG mGOMATG clWA dA_Ga ?_O9g_G
?lcr OOJA ?cJc]aA ?cF9c= B9laTQa ?cF9c= B9laTQ H;fDG Hl]A GPE ,c=9rl_G
Qcc9gl_G ^g== B9TTCl_G gPJ mRA_A HC >Gcp ,N_G...jaFT_G IO89p_G cOgl ,H9lA8:G
H9l]_ u_Pa ;)2/4( \AO9l dp \cGaA_G 9Kc_f [F dA_G (standard information)
m9rQFG gPJ mGOMAT9= \Tc_OA >FGAa ,?rcrO IQaZ= m;fDG dp u_KATl_G sJ
?l89r jQ9GA_G H;fDG Hl]Ac HC >aGa b_f IO9l_G gPJ BZF EcJ ,B9laTQ_Ga
caO_G 9K= mRA_A HC >Gc dA_G (exclusive information) ?cQZJ_G B9la_gl_G Hl
)65(
:dp cDlAA ,?cFaa_G 9KA9gcQWA dp \cGaA_G m9tJC sc=aA OFf A9]fFG
,9v JOGOv Tv = Ov cv pv Av Tv lv _G mRv Av _v c dv Av _G qv cv _9v tv Av _G hv cv lv G dv Ja ,cv cav lv Av _G ?v pv _v t dv _9v lv GE -
,cvGFG ?vpv_vt :cvlvWvAa ,cvcavlvAv_G Ovrvf m9vtvJC svpa dvT9vTFG cvcavlvAv_G kv_v=vl q;vMv=
.N_E.....?cQGODG qc_9tA_G ,B:alg_G ,maTQ_G
.KF9l__ 9JOQ= OcpATl_G mRA_c dA_G ?c_t_G H9lA8:G ?lcr -
Hvl IOvcvpvAvTvlv_G A9v]vfFG caOv_v_ RavGvc \vFC bv_vf ,mvZvMv_v_ javFvTv_G ?v=vTvFv_G cOvgvl -
B9v Tv TCv lv _G A9v pv fE dv Fa9v gv Av _G Q9v MO:G uav Fv =v _ ?v Jav Fv lv lv _G ?v cQ9v cv Av M:G BGA9v Fv Dv Av T:G
.OF=_G GPJ Hl ?cF9lA8:G
H9vlvAv8:G ?vlvcvr OGOvTv= OvcvpvAvTvlv_G 9vKv_;vM mRvAv_vc dvAv_G IOvlv_G dvJa ,H9vlvAv8:G Ovrvf IOvl -
.\_ MaFll_G
Hv _v gv lv _G mRv Av _v c ,cv GCv l hv pOv = ?v lOv M aC ?v gv _v T mv cOv rv Av = sv _v gv Av lv _G H9v lv Av 8:G ?v _9v J dv p -
.OcpATl_G 9KgpOc ?lOrl B9gpO ?cCa jOrF_G QgT_G Hf H;fD9=
Directive 2005/29/EC of 11 May 2005 concerning unfair business-to-consumer )63(

commercial practices in the internal market and amending Directives 84/450/
EEC, 97/7/EC, 98/27/EC and 2002/65/EC and Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004.
Article (4/1) provides that: Any advertising concerning credit agreements which )64(
indicates an interest rate or any figures relating to the cost of the credit to the
consumer shall include standard information in accordance with this Article.
This obligation shall not apply where national legislation requires the indication
of the annual percentage rate of charge in advertising concerning credit
agreements which does not indicate an interest rate or any figures relating to
any cost of credit to the consumer within the meaning of the first subparagraph.
.EJ9=_G O9KAGG Hl ?lGQA_G )65(
143 å 2018/1 ÏbFÇ

.9K= mRA_cT dA_G b9TrFG ?lcr b_E ?p9]E OcpATl_G \gpOcT jP_G d_9lGDG k_=l_G -
?j_= B9F;fDG gPJ Z9ZAo HC >aGa b_f \cGaA_G [Fc ,u_P b_E ?p9]E
9K_aGOAc : dA_G ?cFp_G B9J_aZl_G mGOMATG >FGAA HCa ,u_KATl__ ?laKpla ?J]Ga
Hf H;fDG dp K]aA HC >Gc B9J_aZl_G gPJ BlOMATG 9l c9J dpa ,?l9g_G
BlR_C 9lt .)66(u_KATl_G 9KlKpc HC hcaATc ?clrQ ?cJc]aA ?_DlC mGOMATG scQa
B9=_aAl ?cC H9c= b_f H;fDG clAWc HC >aGa= H_gl_G \cGaA_G Hl )3/4( IO9l_G
?_9J dp IQ9cT_G b_f cl9W_G Hcl.A_G cDl( H9lA8:G Orf 9K=_aAc iQMC ?cFcl.A
aC Or9gA_G Bra ?lcr_G IQOrl BF9t HE 9KAlcr b_E ?p9]E ,)BGQ9cT_G AGQW âQr
IO89p_G cOgl >F9G= H;fDG dp RQ9= H9tl dp ?lcr_G IQOrl Qci BF9t HE ,9KAgc=a
.)67(H9lA8:G ?lcr b_f sJATl_G ?caFT_G
dF 9D_G YQp_G
Org_G zf â9pA_G ?_JQl c;M H 9lA8:G KF9l B9lGRA_G
dp u_KATl__ dpQgl_G qg]_G ?_9J b_f >_jA_G H9l] b_E mGRA_:G GPJ qOKc
?_JQl c;M H9lA8:G KF9l mGR_E c;M Hl ,KF9l_G hl Org_G OaF= ?Wr9Fl ?_JQl
,O9WQDGa KZF_G >GGa b_E ?p9]E ,QcZ=A_Ga m;fDG >GGa= Org_G b_f â9pA_G
QGQr_G Q9cAMGa jOr9gA_G \pral QcOrA_ (insight) u_KATl_G IOGQE QcZ=A qOK=
.)68(B9la_gl Hl \c_f cZJA 9l Aa] dp \Ff caOg_G aC Or9gA_9= 9lE >T9Fl_G
b_f IOOJl BGAGRG hcQWA Hf hFAlG Or d=aQaFG YQWl_G HC b_E ?cGO= QcWF
b_f [F_G mOf b_E ?p9]E ,B9lGRA_:G gPJ dfGQA m_ c9J dp ?cF9lA8:G B9TTCl_G
c9Gl_G 9k tQ9A ,\lOf Hl B9lGRA_:G gPK= H9lA8:G KF9l A9pa B9=DE A>g= mRA_c Hl
M Fayyad, Ibid 287. )66(

This article provides that: Where the conclusion of a contract regarding an )67(
ancillary service relating to the credit agreement, in particular insurance, is
compulsory in order to obtain the credit or to obtain it on the terms and
conditions marketed, and the cost of that service cannot be determined in
advance, the obligation to enter into that contract shall also be stated in a clear,
concise and prominent way, together with the annual percentage rate of charge.
mGRA_:G ,QZAFl QcKT :QdFG ,O9WQDGa KZF_G >GGa= QG9A_G mGRA_G caJ ccZ9pA_G Hl OcRl_ )68(
u_KATl_G ?c9lJ ,U9tF_G c9lG ,14 )QWF ?FT HaO= IQJ9r_G :?c=Qg_G ?]KF_G QGO( QcZ=A_9=
?gl9G - sarJ_G ?_Gl 2/13 )1989( dAcat_G HaF9r_G dp Org__ ?l9g_G ?cQdF_G b_f 9JQDCa
.47 [ Bcat_G
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 144

9l= ,B9=DDG A>f OcOJAa BGAGRG_G gPJ QcQrA dp a]f ?_aO ct_ dFaa_G YQWl__
scrJA Hl]c 9l=a ,\cGaA_G 9JQrC dA_G ?l9g_G qGOJFG scrJA H9l] hl >T9FAc
(effective, proportionate and dissuasive) )YOQ_Ga ?c=T9FA_Ga ?c_f9p_G( QZ9Ff
mrQ B:aGOl_G ?T_G dp X9rF_G GPJ QcDC .)69(\cGaA_G Hl )23( IO9l_G \AQrC 9l_ 9k rpa
OFf A9]fFG caO_G PM.A HC ?clJC b_f Oct.A_G mA EcJ ,\cGaA_G YaQWl_ )26(
d89KF_G QGQr_G dp c;MDG GPJ QDC :Hcc_9A_G HcQ9=Af:9= BGAGRG_G gPK_ 9JQcQrA
AGQG u_KATl_G 9Kc_E cZa dA_G ?cFaF9r_G ?pQgl_G iOl b_E ?p9]E u_KATl__
?cFaF9r_G ?pQgl_G gPJ BOGORG 9l_tp ,H9lA8:G KF9l Hl 9Kc_f cZJAc dA_G B9la_gl_G
\cp ca=c Or jP_G OJ_G b_E KcJZ Utg_Ga mGRA_:G GPK= H9lA8:G KF9l s9aF s9]
.)70(?lOgFl \=W ?pQgl_G gPJ BF9t ?_9J dp \_lGl= H9lA8:G Orf
?v v vcv ]vr dp ?v v cv=aQaFG cOv vgv_G ?v vlv tv Jvl BQv rC ,AGRv G_G Hav lv]vl= sv_vgvAvc 9lcp
(Crailsheimer ?c]ra
)71(
(Schulte v Deutsche Bausparkasse Badenia AG)
B9=arg_G b_E m9tAJ:G >aGa= )72(Volksbank eG v Klaus Conrads and Others)

caO__ dFaa_G HaF9r_G OfGar_ ?l9g_G O9=l_G aC ?Z9M_G OfGar_G dp 9Kc_f [aZFl_G
IQcKW_G ?c]r_G dp ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl B]r c9Dl_G cc=T b_f .A9]fFG
[F dp OQa 9l= )73((CA Consumer Finance v Ingrid Bakkaus and Others)
[9M_G 2010/737 mrQ dTFQp_G HaF9r_G Hl (L. 311-48) IO9l_G Hl ?cF9D_G IQrp_G
.9TFQp dp d=aQaFG \cGaA_G m9tJC s=a jP_Ga H9lA8:G Oarf dp u_KATl_G ?c9lJ=
hl (Bonato) OcT_G Or9gA 2011/5/5 NcQ9A= \FC dp ?c]r_G gPJ h89ra [M_AA
q_C )20( \Alcr 9k c_9l 9k ]Qr \JFl= qQZl_G m9cr U9TC b_f (CA AF) qQZl
This article provides that: Member States shall lay down the rules on penalties )69(
applicable to infringements of the national provisions adopted pursuant to this
Directive and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are
implemented. The penalties provided for must be effective, proportionate and
dissuasive.
H. Micklitz, N. Reich and P. Rott, Ibid 193-194. )70(

ECJ Case C-350/03, 25 October 2005, Elisabeth Schulte and Wolfgang Schulte )71(
v Deutsche Bausparkasse Badenia AG.
Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 25 October 2005. Crailsheimer )72(

Volksbank eG v Klaus Conrads and Others. Case C-229/04.
Available at: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/celex.jsf?celex=62013CJ0449&lan- )73(

g1=en&type=TXT&ancre= visited on 16/12/2014.
145 å 2018/1 ÏbFÇ

QDgA .)%7( \Alcr jaFT IO89p cOgl= dZMW_G c9lgAT;_ IQ9cT AGQW ^Qj_ aQac
OGOT b_f \AQOr mOfa ?c_9l_G \f9]aC ?=agZ >=T= ?c_9l_G b9TrFG OGOT dp u_KATl_G
>_9al u_KATl_G dl9Jl QtFC .\A9]9rl b_E qQZl_G hpO 9ll ,\c_f ?rJATl_G HacO_G
?p9]E QcZ=A_Ga m;fDG >GGa= ?r_gAl_G \A9lGRA_9= qQZl_G A9pa mOg= 9k cfOl qQZl_G
A9fO:G GPJ qQZl_G hpO .u_KATl__ ?cF9lA8:G ?c_JFG ?TGQO dp qQZl_G QcZrA b_E
u_KATl_G QGQr@= Ocpc (standard term) dGPalF bQW b_f u_KATl_G hcraA 9k cfOl
?ltJl_G BQTpATG .dTFQp_G HaF9r_G \c_f [F 9l_ 9k rpa ?lR;_G B9la_gl_G ?p9t m;AT9=
A>f \c_f hrc jP_G qQa_G Hf ?cTFQp_G ^rF_G ?ltJl Hl YGRF_G QdFA dA_G ?cFaa_G
dFaF9r_G QDFG ,)u_KATl_G mC KF9l_G( \lOf Hl B9la_gl_G gPK= u_KATl_G OcaRA B9=DE
B9la_gl_G ?p9t_ u_KATl_G m;AT9= Ocpc Org_G dp dGPalF bQW hcraA b_f >AQAl_G
KF9l ?p_9Ml b_f >AQAl_G dFaF9r_G QDFG b_E ?p9]E ,HaF9r_G dp 9Kc_E Q9Wl_G B9F9c=_Ga
k
?Or9gA_G ?_JQl c=r 9FaF9r 9Kc_f [aZFl_G B9lGRA_;_ H9lA8:G
B]r dA_G ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl b_E cC9TA_G GPJ ^rF_G ?ltJl BgpQ
,\cGaA_G GPJ sc=aA= s_gAl_G dTFQp_G HaF9r_G dp OQa 9l b_E mtJ_G ?_9JE >aGa=
KF9l mRA_c m_ c9J dp \FC b_f \cp (L. 311-48) IO9l_G Hl ?D_9D_G IQrp_G BZF jP_Ga
O8Gap hpO= \lGRA_G Hl u_KATl_G bpgcoT ,O9WQDGa KZF_Ga B9la_gl_G mcOrA= H9lA8:G
?lcr OQ= brp mRA_cTa - ?ltJl_G QcOrA_ 9k rpa d8RG aC d_t ctW= - H9lA8:G
[F >Gal= OOJA ?cFaF9r O8Gap hpO b_E ?p9]E \c_f cZJA jP_G d_9l_G H9lA8:G
b_f ,d89]r_G mtJ_G QaOZ OQGl= dTFQp_G dFOl_G HaF9r_G Hl )74()1153( IO9l_G
?lcr b_f u_KATl_G caZJ Hc= ?cFlR_G IOl_G U9TC b_f IO89p_G gPJ >TAJA HC
Orf dp \c_f spAl_G cOgl_G Uc_a H9lA8:G ?lcr \cp OOT jP_G NcQ9A_Ga H9lA8:G
u_KATl_G mRA_c m_ HE )%0,5( cOgl= ?cFaF9r_G IO89p_G gPJ IO9cR bfGQca ,H9lA8:G
.)75(d89]r_G mtJ_G QaOZ NcQ9A Hl HcQKW IQAp c;M H9lA8:G k_=l cl9t OQ=
.?cQ9GA_Ga ?cFOl_G c89Tl_G dp dTFQp_G HaF9r_G 9Kc_f [F dA_G ?cFaF9r_G IO89p_G QGOrl dJ )74(
The second and third paragraphs of Article L. 311-48 of the Consumer Code )75(
provide: 'Where the creditor has not complied with the obligations laid down in
Articles L. 311-8 and L. 311-9, he shall forfeit entitlement to interest, in whole
or in such proportion as the court may direct....The borrower shall be required
only to repay the principal in accordance with the schedule provided for and
also, where appropriate, to pay the interest not forfeited by the creditor. Sums
received by way of interest, which produce interest at the statutory rate from
the date of their payment, shall be reimbursed by the creditor or set off against
the principal remaining due.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 146

Hl B9la_gl_G gPJ H9c== H9lA8:G KF9l mGRA_G srJA B9=DE A>g= s_gAc 9lcp
>Gc GP_ ,A>g_G GPJ \c_f hrc jP_G qQa_G OcOJA d=aQaFG \cGaA_G Hl]Ac m_ ,\lOf
IQaQ] hl Ht_a ,?c_9tWDG gPJ OcOJA_ dFaa_G HaF9r_G OfGar b_E AaG__G mAc HC
dp (effectiveness) ?c_f9p_Ga (equivalence) IGa9Tl_G jCO=l= Q9=Af:G Hcf dp PMFG
(Specht ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl BGQGQr Hl OcOg_G dp 9lJQGQrE mA HcP__G B9=DDG
cJl A9fO:G b_f B9=DDG OfGar sc=aA ?clJC b_E caFG CO=l_G QcWc .)76(and others
QcWc 9lFc= ,?_D9ll ?cFaF9r B:9tWE aC 9c9]r dp \f9=AG mAc 9l_ cD9ll ctW= EJ=_G
b_f ccJATc B9=DE OfGar O9lAfG mOg= Q9=Af:G Hcf dp PMFG ?clJC b_E dF9D_G CO=l_G
,U9TFG GPJ b_f .EJ=_G cJl YGRF_G B9cagl Aa] dp 9K_9lfE 9K= mRA_l_G qQa_G
\Fat \lOf Hl m;fDG >GGa= H9lA8:G KF9l mGRA_G B9=DE u_KATl_G b_f ccJATcT
KF9l b_f ?_9J_G u_A dp B9=DDG A>f crFc 9l ,GPK= \_ KlTc : jOr9gA RtQl dp
.)77(cGaJFG hclG dp H9lA8:G
k
:M 9ZpDGa m;fD9= mGRA_:G - :aC
[9M_G d=aQaFG \cGaA_G dp OQa 9l= ARG_G GPJ dp \cGaA_G Hal]l QD.A
OtC EcJ ,)78()2002/65( mrQ Og= Hf ?c_9l_G B9lOM_G Yac= dp u_KATl_G ?c9lJ=
c=r B9Fc=_G Hl OcOg_9= u_KATl_G m;f@= H9lA8:G KF9la OaRl_G mGRA_G b_f 9lJ;t
,saT_G dp ?p_AMl_G âQg_G Hc= ?_]9pl_G Hl HtlAc dt ,>T9Fl Bra= Org_G mGQ=E
See: C-501/12 to C-506/12, C-540/12 and C-541/12, EU:C:2014:2005, paragraph )76(

112.
Para. 25 and 25 from the case (Schulte v Deutsche Bausparkasse Badenia )77(
AG)mentioned aboveprovides that:
24: As regards the principle of equivalence, it must be observed that the Court
does not have before it any evidence which might raise doubts as to the
compliance of the rules at issue in the main proceedings with that principle.
25: As regards the principle of effectiveness, it should be noted that every case
in which the question arises as to whether a national procedural provision
makes the application of EU law impossible or excessively difficult must be
analysed by reference to the role of that provision in the procedure, its progress
and its special features, viewed as a whole, before the various national bodies
(judgment in Ku?ionov?, C-34/13, EU:C:2014:2189, paragraph 52.
Directive 2002/65/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 )78(

September 2002 concerning the distance marketing of consumer financial
services and amending Council Directives 90/619/EEC, 97/7/EC and 98/27/EC.
147 å 2018/1 ÏbFÇ

,u_P b_E ?p9]E .)79(Or9gA_G b_f mGOrDG c=r QctpA_Ga jaQA__ dp9t_G Bra_G \JFla
GPJ dp ?_l9g_G ?cQ9GA_G hcQ9Wl_G Hc= saT_G ?cTp9FA scrJA \GaA_G GPJ Hl]cT
BGR9cAlGa âQf Hl mOrco 9l Hc= u_KATl_G ?_]9pl H9l] c;M Hl c9Gl_G
Hl OcOg_9= u_KATl_G OcaRA= H9lA8:G KF9l mGRA_G b_f IO9l_G gPJ BZF .?p_AMl
?cQZJ B9lGRA_G ?l89r Hl] BGQOC dA_Ga H9lA8:G Org= ?r_gAl_G B9la_gl_G
OQa 9l_ 9k rpa ?cFaa_G 9KA9gcQWA dp 9KFcl]A= A9]fFG caO_G mRA_A ,(Exclusive list)
IOQGa_G B9lGRA_:G gPJ IQDt BQ9DC .)80()32( mrQ \cGaA_G YaQWl X9rF ?_aGOl dp
k
GQdF \cGaA_G YaQWl ?TGQO OFf HaF9r_G AGQ=M Hl QcDt_G ^GQAfG ?l89r_G dp
b_f H9cJFG Hl QcDt dp \AQOr mOfa B9la_gl_G gPJ hl u_KATl_G cl9gA ?=agZ_
\v v cvGavAv_G Hvcvlv]vA d=aQaFG YQv Wvl_G QQvr GPv_ .?vcvFavF9vr_G 9JQ9vDBa 9vKFavlv]l RcclA
"?c=aQaFG IOJal_G H9lA8:G Oarf B9la_gl LPalF" blTl_Ga )2( mrQ sJ_l_9=
caOG b_f jaAJc jP_G "standard European consumer credit information"
?i9Zl 9KFt_a ,IO9l_G gPJ dp LQOl aJ 9l 9KFal]l dp s=9aA - ?cQZJ B9la_gl
u_KATl__ 9KlcOrA= H9lA8:G KF9l mRA_c - mKp_G b_f ?_aKT QDtCa QW9=l ctW=
Hl ?=iQa .)81(IQaQ]_G OFf 9JGaAJl dp \AWr9Fla \_ 9JQ9DBa 9KFal]l Kc]aAa
- m9f ctW= ?c_9l_G B9lOM_G Oarg= clg_G OcJaAa ccKTA dp d=aQaFG YQWl_G
B9la_gl_G BGP dJ B9la_gl_G gPJ H.= YQWl_G QrC -H9lA8:G Oarf 9KFl] Hl dA_Ga
dA_Ga Og= Hf ?c_9l_G B9lOM_G Oarf dp 9KFf M9ZpD9= OaRl_G mRA_c HC >Gc dA_G
Article (5/1) provides that: In good time before the consumer is bound by any )79(
credit agreement or offer, the creditor and, where applicable, the credit
intermediary shall, on the basis of the credit terms and conditions offered by
the creditor and, if applicable, the preferences expressed and information
supplied by the consumer, provide the consumer with the information needed
to compare different offers in order to take an informed decision on whether to
conclude a credit agreement. Such information, on paper or on another durable
medium, shall be provided by means of the Standard European Consumer
Credit Information form set out in Annex II. The creditor shall be deemed to
have fulfilled the information requirements in this paragraph and in Article 3,
paragraphs (1) and (2) of Directive 2002/65/EC if he has supplied the Standard
European Consumer Credit Information..

H. Micklitz, N. Reich and P. Rott, Ibid. )81(
2018/1
å ÏbFÇ 148
/5( IO9l_G [F dp IOQGa_G B9la_gl_G gPJ B_DlA .)2002/65( mrQ \cGaA_9= BldFo
)82(
:dp )2008/48( \cGaA_G Hl )2
.u_KATl__ MaFll_G H9lA8:G YaF - 1
.OGa HE bcTa_G HGaFfa ?caJ b_E ?p9]E dpGQjG_G \FGaFfa H9lA8:G KF9l ?caJ - 2
.\Ff u_KATl_G caOf baQWa H9lA8;_ d_9lGDG k_=l_G - 3
KF9l_G 9FJ mRA_c ,hpO_G ?_GCl ?lOrl ?lOM aC ?g_T_ H9lA8G KFl= H9lA8:G s_gA HE - 4
9JQgT b_E ?p9]E ?JaFll_G H9lA8:G IOla d_ZFG 9JQgT= u_KATl_G OcaRA=
.H9lA8:G KFl Og= d_9lGDG
.^GQrDG ?c_lg_ ?ld9F_G ?cFaF9r_G baQW_Ga ^GQrDG cOgl - 5
dA_G ?c_t_G IO89p_G ?lcr b_E ?p9]E H9lA8:9= ?a=QAl_G ?caFT_G IO89p_G ?=TF - 6
,u_KATl__ ?cJc]aA ?_Dl.= B9la_gl_G gPJ b=AQA HC b_f ,u_KATl_G 9KgpOcT
.HlR_G cl9g= H9ZrF_Ga IO9cR_9= 9Kp;AMGa >TF_G gPJ q;AMG K]aA
H9c= b_E ?p9]E ,9JOGOT ?cpcta 9JOOfa ,u_KATl_G b_f ?rJATl_G b9TrFG ?lcr - 7
H9lA8:G qcQ9Zl mZM= AO=_G OcOJA scQa Hf 9KFl H9lA8:G k_=l mZM ?rcQa
k
.H9lA8:G cZC GQcMCa ?rJATl_G O8Gap_G ?lcr mD
mRA_c ,H9lA8:G KF9l iO_ 9k cQ9G 9k cpQZl 9k =9TJ u_KATl_G KAp H9lA8:G >_aA HE - 8
B:9J dp >9TJ_G GPJ KAp ?GcAF ?rJATl_G ?_alg_G ?lcr H9c== H9lA8:G KF9l 9FJ
.H9lA8:G Orf PcpFA= ?a=AQl_G YGOcDGa >JT_G
b_E H9lA8:G Hl OcpATl_G 9KgpOc HC >Gc dA_G - BOGa HE - H9lA8:G Orf qc_9tA - 9
This article begins with: In good time before the consumer is bound by any )82(
credit agreement or offer, the creditor and, where applicable, the credit
intermediary shall, on the basis of the credit terms and conditions offered by
the creditor and, if applicable, the preferences expressed and information
supplied by the consumer, provide the consumer with the information needed
to compare different offers in order to take an informed decision on whether to
conclude a credit agreement. Such information, on paper or on another durable
medium, shall be provided by means of the Standard European Consumer
Credit Information form set out in Annex II. The creditor shall be deemed to
have fulfilled the information requirements in this paragraph and in Article 3,
paragraphs (1) and (2) of Directive 2002/65/EC if he has supplied the Standard
European Consumer Credit Information.
149 å 2018/1 ÏbFÇ

Orf ccGTA QlFG >_aA c9J dp HaF9r_9= IOOJl_G ?clTQ_G B9KG_G aC cOg_G >9At
.caZFG >TJ cOg_G >9At iO_ H9lA8:G
>aGa cDl( H9lA8:G Orf mGQ=D iQMC ?cQ9=GE B9lGRA_G ?c.= u_KATl_G m;fE - 10
H9t HE 9KAp_tAa )9K8GQW_ d_9l H9lA8G KFl c9J dp B9=tQl_G b_f cl9W_G Hcl.A_G
.?lOM_G gPJ mOrAT dA_G ?KG_G aJ H9lA8:G KF9l
.u_KATl_G b_f 9Krc=aA Qcc9gla OGOT_G dp QcM.A_G b_f ?rJATl_G O8Gap_G cOgl - 11
B9gpO_9= QcMFG mRA_c m_ c9J dp u_KATl_G Q9gW@= H9lA8:G KF9l mGRA_G Hal]l - 12
.s9pA:G >TJ \c_f ?rJATl_G
.BOGa HE ?=a_al_G B:9pt_G ?gc=a - 13
k
.9Ftll H9t HE \aaQWa caOg_G dp u_KATl_G sJ ?cF9tlE H9c= - 14
IO89p_G B:Ogl >9TAJG ?cpcta ,H9lA8:G k_=l_ Qt=l_G OGOT_G dp u_KATl_G sJ - 15
.)16( IO9l_G [F dp OQa 9l hl ^Q9gAc : 9l= ?_9J_G gPJ dp \Fl ?=a_al_G
mA c9J dp dF9Gla QW9=l ctW= H9lA8:G >_a mOrl Z;=@= H9lA8:G KF9l mGRA_G - 16
k
IO9l_G dp Qvrl avJ 9vl_ 9vrvpa ^vpQ_G >9v=vTCa H9vlvAv8:G b_f \_aZJ >_a ^pQ
.\cGaA_G Hl )2/9(
dp H9lA8:G Orf ?MTF b_f dF9Gla jQap ctW= caZJ_G dp u_KATl_G sJ - 17
.\=_a b_f ?rpGal_G BlA c9J
\lGRA_G c9ltE 9Kcp H9lA8:G KF9l b_f >Gc dA_G ?cFlR_G IQAp_9= u_KATl_G OcaRA - 18
.\cGaA_G 9K=_aAc dA_G B9la_gl_G ?p9t= u_KATl_G m;f@=
Qcia ?cO9WQATG ?l89r_G gPJ Q=AgA ,?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl BGQGQr_ 9k rpa
IQOr= s_gAl_G m9g_G qOK_G srJc 9l= 9Kcp hTaA_G A9]fFG caO__ RaGca ,?cQZJ
sJ b_E ?p9]E ,Org_G Hf HA9F_G dFaF9r_Ga d_9l_G \pral QcOrA b_f u_KATl_G
QW9=l_G Q9TpAT:G c;M Hl H9lA8:G KF9l Hl ?cp9]E B9la_gl >_a dp u_KATl_G
Hl \pral QcQrA_ \_ ?=TF_9= ?l9J B9la_gl_G gPJ BF9t HE 9KFf QW9=l_G Qci aC
.)83(\c_E mOrl_G ^Qg_G
Para. 41 from the case (Schulte v Deutsche Bausparkasse Badenia AG) )83(
mentioned aboveprovides that: As regards the first part of that question, it is
apparent from Article 5(6) of, and recital 27 in the preamble to, Directive 2008/
48 that, notwithstanding the pre-contractual information which must be=
2018/1
å ÏbFÇ 150
k
H9lA8:G B9TTCl 9KlOrA dA_G âQg_G hl ?FaQl_G Hl YaF= \cGa_G cl9gA ,GQcMC
9Kcp >gZc dA_Ga ,)qA9K_G( ?falTl_G cZGaA_G c89Ta scQa Hf Hct_KATl_G b_E
H9lA8:G KF9l mGR_E c;M Hl u_Pa ,Or9gA_G OFf B9la_gl_G gPJ ?p9t= u_KATl_G OcaRA
B9la_gl_G gPJ B_DlA .9KgclG Uc_a g;fC IOQGa_G B9la_gl_G ^g== u_KATl_G OcaRA=
k
dp 9Kc_E Q9Wl_G B9la_gl_G dp - \cGaA_G dp )2/5( IO9l_G \c_f BZF 9l_ 9rpa -
KF9l mRA_c HC b_f ,?rcQa_G gPK= Or9gA_G mA HE .)84(g;fC )8 ,6 ,5 ,4 ,3( BGQrp_G
B9lGRA_:G ?l89r= u_KATl_G OcaRA= - Or9gA_G Og= ?Ftll ?ZQp >QrC dp - H9lA8:G
IOJal_G H9lA8:G Oarf B9la_gl caOG ctW dp )1/5( IQrp_G dp 9Kc_f [aZFl_G
aJ HE - Or9gA_G Hf caOg_G dp \rJ= ?_9J_G gPJ dp u_KATl_G OcpATcTa ,?c=aQaFG
Q9Wl aJ 9lt B9la_gl_G ?l89r \l;ATG NcQ9A Hl 9k lac )14( IQAp c;M - u_P QQr
A9FDAT:G GPJ Hl OcpATc H_ ,?p_9Ml_G maKpl= .)85(caOg_G dp u_KATl_G sJ dp g9FOC
b89Ta_G IOOgAl c89TQ_G B9lOM scQa Hf u_KATl_G hl cZGaAc jP_G H9lA8:G KF9l
.(Multimedia Messaging Service) (MMS) )[aZF_Ga BGaZFGa QaZ_G(
=provided under Article 5(1) of that directive, the consumer may, before
entering into the credit agreement, still need additional assistance in order to
decide which credit agreement is the most appropriate for his needs and his
financial situation. The creditor must therefore provide the consumer with
adequate, personalised explanations in order to place the consumer in a position
that enables him to assess whether the proposed credit agreement is adapted to
his needs and to his financial situation, where appropriate by providing
explanations of the pre-contractual information, the essential characteristics of
the products proposed and the specific effects they may have on his situation,
including the consequences of default in payment by the consumer.
Article (5/2) provides that: However, in the case of voice telephony communica- )84(
tions, as referred to in Article 3(3) of Directive 2002/65/EC, the description of
the main characteristics of the financial service to be provided pursuant to the
second indent of Article 3(3)(b) of that Directive shall include at least the items
referred to in points (c), (d), (e), (f) and (h) of paragraph (1) of this Article,
together with the annual percentage rate of charge illustrated by means of a
representative example and the total amount payable by the consumer.
Article (5/3) provides that: if the agreement has been concluded at the )85(
consumer's request using a means of distance communication which does not
enable the information to be provided in accordance with paragraph 1, in
particular in the case referred to in paragraph 2, the creditor shall provide the
consumer with the full pre-contractual information using the Standard
European Consumer Credit Information form immediately after the conclusion
of the credit agreement.
151 2018/1
å ÏbFÇ
k
: O9WQDGa KZF_G >GGa= mGRA_:G - 9cF9D
b_f â9pA_G ?_JQl c;M H9lA8:G KF9l b_f dF9D_G mGRA_:G b_E \cGaA_G crAFc
dp u_KATl_G sJ H9l] qOK= u_Pa ,O9WQDGa KZF_G >GGa dp cDlAl_Ga ,Org_G
NcQ9A bAJ .\lOf aC Or9gA_9= 9lE >T9Fl_G QGQr_G P9MAG mD Hla ,jOr9gA_G \pral QcOrA
YQWl_G QDB GP_ ,)86(mGRA_:G GPJ mdFA A9]fFG caO_G Hl OcOg_G HtA m_ \cGaA_G QGQrE
k
H9lA8:G KF9l 9lR_l ,\cGaA_G Hl )6/5( IO9l_G dp ?JGQZ \c_f [F_G d=aQaFG
(adequate information) ?=T9Fl B9la_gl )1( :d_c 9l= H9lA8:G >_9a OcaRA=
H9lA8:G ?lA;l iOl Aa] dp >T9Fl_G QGQr_G P9MAG Hl u_KATl_G HctlA H9l]_
?c.= H9lA8:G >_a mOrl Ko ZFo )3( ,OGOT_G b_f ?c_=rATl_G \AQOr )2( ,\A9G9cAJ:
>_a_G mOrl B9G9cAJG >T9FA h_T_G gPJ BF9t HE H9lA8:G KF9l 9KlOrc ?_cO= h_T
aC h_T_G b_f caZJ_9= ?r_gAl_G ?cF9lA8:G B9=_a_G c9J dp brp GPJ( c]pC ctW=
Hl )27( IQrp_G dp ?JGQZ B9lGRA_:G gPJ BOQa .)cGCl_G hpO_G ?rcQa= B9lOM_G
.)87()?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl BGQGQr Hl OcOg_G b_E ?p9]E ,\cGaA_G ?lOrl
dFaF9r_G uGQODG Hl ?_9J b_E u_KATl_G caZa H9l] b_E mGRA_:G GPJ qOKc
GPJ s9aF caJ q;M_G QaDc Or GP_ ,?c_9l_G \J_9Zl_ H9lA8:G Orf ?lA;l iOl_
hl cl9gA_G cKT_G Hl HatcT( u_KATl_G uGQOEa mc_gA iaATl q;AM: 9k g=A mGRA_:G
H. Micklitz, N. Reich and P. Rott, Ibid 197.. )86(

Para. 27 of the preamble of the directive provides that: Despite the pre- )87(
contractual information to be provided, the consumer may still need additional
assistance in order to decide which credit agreement, within the range of
products proposed, is the most appropriate for his needs and financial
situation. Therefore, Member States should ensure that creditors provide such
assistance in relation to the credit products which they offer to the consumer.
Where appropriate, the relevant pre-contractual information, as well as the
essential characteristics of the products proposed, should be explained to the
consumer in a personalised manner so that the consumer can understand the
effects which they may have on his economic situation. Where applicable, this
duty to assist the consumer should also apply to credit intermediaries. Member
States could determine when and to what extent such explanations are to be
given to the consumer, taking into account the particular circumstances in

which the credit is offered, the consumer's need for assistance and the nature of
individual credit products.
See also Para. (3) of the case: (CA Consumer Finance v Ingrid Bakkaus and
Others) that is mentioned above.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 152

GPJa ,)B9pZ_G gPJ \cp QpGaAA : jP_G u_KATl_G Hl QDtC m_gAl_G uQOl_G u_KATl_G
iOl OcOJA= s_gAA ,mGRA_:G GPJ c9lfE OFf drc=aA_G u9=AQ:G Hl ?_9J s_Mc Or gQaO=
YQWl_G uQA ,>=T_G GPK_ .)88(IO9l_G gPJ hl spGaAA_ ?lOrl_G ?JcZF_G ?c9pt
?cFaa_G mKA9gcQWA dp ?=T9Fl_G c89Ta_G P9MAG dp sJ_G A9]fFG caO__ d=aQaFG
aJ 9lt mGRA_:G GPJ Hl qOK_G scrJA >aGa I9fGQl hl ,qOK_G GPJ scrJA H9l]_
(maximum )OcJaA__ b_fFG OJ_G( ?_cTa hl spGaAc 9l= \cGaA_G ?aTGa= Qrl
m9g_G PFl u_KATl_G ?c9lJ B9KcGaA ?p9t \AF=A dA_G harmonization technique)
bTaAl_G u_KATl_G CO=l d=aQaFG YQWl_G QrC ,u_P b_E ?p9]E .)89()2002(
sc=aA B9c9j_ u_Pa u_KATl_G qcQgA mtJc m9f CO=lt )90((average consumer)
k
b_f )6/5( IO9l_G BZF ,GQcMC .)91(O9WQDGa KZF_G >GGa= ?r_gAl_G QG9A_G B9lGRA_G
k
dp B9lGRA_G Hl OQa 9l ,:aC :?c_9A_G B9la_gl_G EcJ Hl ?JcZF_G gPJ s9aF OcOJA
c=r 9l ?_JQl dp 9KFf M9ZpDG >Gc dA_G B9la_gl_9= ?r_gAl_G )1/5( IO9l_G [F
k
iOla \c_f caZJ_G dp u_KATl_G >iQc jP_G HAFl__ ?l9g_G [89ZM_G ,9cF9D .Or9gA_G
KlTA HC Htlc jP_G iOl_G ,9k D_9D .?cQTFG aC ?cZMW_G u_KATl_G B9G9J hl \rpGaA
.H9lA8:G GPJ ?lcr b9TrC OGOT B9lR_ATl hl cl9gA_G dp \= ?c_9l_G u_KATl_G Y9]aC
YQWl_G QDB EcJ ,mGRA_:G GPJ hl cl9gA_G dp A9]fFG caO_G B9gcQWA Bp_AMG
H9lA8:G Oarf hclG dp - \cGaA_G QGQi b_f - m9f ctW= \c_f [F_G jRc_GFDG
?JQArl_G H9lA8:G Oarf dp \= H9lA8:G KF9l mGRA_G >aGa b_f ?JGQZ [F 9lOFf
k
dTFQp_G A9]r_G \= PMC 9l GPJa ,)92((the proposed credit agreements) 9gclG
k
dp ?cTFQp_G ^rF_G ?ltJl B]r EcJ ,9TFQp dp \cGaA_G dF=A c=r bAJ 9]cC
O Bray, 'EU Sweep interim results: misleading advertising and unfair practices )88(
on airline Ticket websites' Computer and Telecommunications Law Review 14-
7 (2008) 179.
sJ_G 9K_ Hatc HE HaO cl9t ctW= \cGaA_G [aZF dp OQa 9l= A9]fFG caO_G mGRA_G dFgA )89(
OcJaA_G H9l] qk OK= ,\cGaA_G aC 9Kc_f [F dA_G ?c9lJ_G s9aF Hl IO9cR_G aC OJ_G dp
dp ?FaQl_G Hl 9=F9G 9KJFl I9fGQl hl ,A9]fFG caO_ ?cFaF9r_G ?ldFI_ d_9Dl_Ga cl9t_G
dFaF9r_G 9Kl9dFa >T9FAc 9l= \cGaA_G Hl IaGQl_G ?l9g_G qGOJFG scrJA c89Ta OcOJA
.dFaa_G
.?c_Jl_G saT_G dp ?craT_G ?cGQO_Ga ?cl_g_G ?pQgl_G bTaAl u_KATl_G b_E CO=l_G GPJ QcWc )90(
Ibid. )92(
153 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

KZF= \lGRA_G dp QZr Or uF=_G HC BQ=AfG 9lFcJ ?c_a8Tl_G gPK= )1994( m9g_G
h89ra B_DlA .dfGQR QGQG AGQW B9c9j_ ^Qr_G Orf iaOG mOg= u_KATl_G O9WQEa
;dfGQR QGQG AGQW ^Qj_ jQ9GA uF= Hl ^GQAr:9= YQGRl m9cr dp ?c]r_G gPJ
qWAtG .QMB 9k cfGQR GkQGQG \cp u_lc H9t Bra dp ,dfGQR_G \a9WF dp hTaAc dt
mGJ hl >T9FAc : dfGQR_G hTaA_G GPJ Hf HA9F_G d_9l_G O89g_G HC Og= 9lcp YQGRl_G
qaQZl_G b_E ?p9]E ,uF=__ ccalA_G bTr hpO Hf ?GA9F_G ?cp9]DG ?c_9l_G A9=fFG
k
dp gQDgAa ^Qr_G GPJ Hl 9c_9l gQQ]A b_E iOC jP_G QlFG ,QGQG_G clg_ jQaO_G
c9Gl_G GPJ dp ?cTFQp_G ^rF_G ?ltJl BOcC .\c_f ?rJATl_G ?c_9l_G b9TrFG OGOT
dFKl Qcia X89a ctW= qQZA Or uF=_G HC BQ=AfG dA_G q9F8AT:G ?ltJl QGQr
.)93(YQGRl_G GPJ g9GA ?cOrg_G ?c_aCTl_G m9tJ.= \lGR_E b_E ?p9]E ,\c_f ma__G sJATc
q9F8AT:G ?ltJl Hf QO9Z_G QGQr_G ?cTFQp_G ^rF_G ?ltJl BOcC ,iQMC ?c]r dp
.O9WQDGa KZF_G >GGa= uF=_G c;ME ?GcAF ^QArl_G ^cagA= uF=_G mGR_@= d]9r_G
dp ?ct;KATG ^GQiF dpQZl ^Qr >_a= UOFKl m9cr dp ?c]r_G gPJ B_DlA
9lFc= ,UOFKl_G 9Kcp clgc dA_G ?tQW__ d_9l_G RtQl_G QDgA= uF=_G \cp m_gc H9t Bra
UOFKl_G m;f@= qQZl_G marc HC HaOa ,d_9l_G QDgA_G GPK= ;k J9G UOFKl_G GPJ H9t
?rJATl_G ^Qr_G b9TrC A9pa b_f ^QArl_G )94(IQOr mOf \Ff HAF 9l ,QlFG GPK=
?c_argl_G Hl YaF= mGRA_:G GPJ hl dF9l_FG YQWl_G cl9gA ,c=9rl_G dp .)95(\c_f
B9lOM_Ga h89]=_G OcQaA Oarf b_f \rc=aA s9aF QZr 9lFcJ (reasonableness)
Org_G cJl ?lA;l iOl= H9lA8:G KF9l m_f ?cF9tlE QaZA U9TC b_f ,hpO_G ?_GCl_G
.426 [ s=9T hGQl ,jQcp]_G O_9M )93(

cclg_G IQOr dFgA dJa ,H9lA8:G KFl Qcc9gl mtJA dA_G clGag_G mJC OJC IQOr_G cl9f Q=Agc )94(
B9paQZl_Ga O8Gap_G hpO= mGRA_:Ga ^Qr_G OGOT b_f \AQOr d_9A_9=a cMO_G scrJA b_f
9K_ ^QgAc dA_G Qa9Ml_G QGOrl dp QDCA dA_G Qcc9gl_G mJC OJC IQOr_G Q9cgla ....B:alg_Ga
b_f qQgA_G Hl Q9cgl_G GPJ ?TGQO OFf qQZl__ O=: \c_fa .H9lA8:G KFl OFf qQZl_G
AGaT ?r=9T_G ?cpQZl_G \A;l9gAa ,d_9l_G gRtQl ccZ9pAa ^QArl_G cclg__ ?c]9l_G IQ=M_G
dA_G ccZ9pA_G Hl QcDt_G b_f qara_G Htlca .iQMC qQ9Zl ?cC aC qQZl_G UpF hl
m8Gar_G 9KTtgA dA_G BGQWCl_G Hl OcOg_G AGQrATG c;M Hl dF9lA8:G QGQr_G PMAl Of9TA
PMAl H9F8laG OGR ?c=9GcE >F9G_G GPJ ?TGQO H89AF BF9t 9l_tp .^QArl_9= ?Z9M_G ?c_9l_G
?JQArl_G baQW_G spa >a_al_G ^Qr_G OGOT b_f ?TGQO_G cJl ^QArl_G IQOr b_E QGQr_G
.9Kc_f s9pA:G mAcT dA_G OGOT_G OcfGal dpa ^Qr__
.427 [ s=9T hGQl ,jQcp]_G O_9M )95(
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 154

?l9f BGQaaA Hl OQa 9l hl dF9l_FG \GaA_G spGaAc .?cZMW_G u_KATl_G B9G9J_

9k gclG 9KFl mKpc dA_Ga )27( mrQ X9rF_G ?T_G B:aGOl b_E ?p9]E \cGaA_G QGQrD
k
(if applicable) 9Ftll H9t HE O9WQDGa KZF_9= H9lA8:G KF9l mGRA_G
)96(
k
H 9lA8:G H l OcpATl__ ?cF9lA8:G ?c_JFG H l srJA_9= mGRA_:G - 9D_9D
:(Responsible lending)
b_f H9lA8:G >_a mOrl IQOr Hl H9lA8:G KF9l srJA mGRA_:G GPJ >_aAc
Orf Hf ?8W9F_G ?c_9l_G B9lGRA_:9= \_;ME mOfa ,\Alcr OGOT B9lR_ATl hl cl9gA_G
)1/8( IO9l_G [F dp ?JGQZ \cGaA_G gQrC 9l GPJ .(creditworthiness)( H9lA8:G
mccrAa H9lA8:G >_a mOrl_ ?cF9lA8:G IQOr_G ?TGQO= ?cF9lA8:G B9TTCl_G BlR_C dA_G
9Kcp \AWr9Fl_ >_a_G mOrl_ 9KlcOrAa ?TGQO_G gPJ ^Qf b_E ?p9]E ,d_9l_G gRtQl
9lt .)98(\cGaA_G ?lOrl Hl )26( IQrp_G ?JGQZ \c_f BOtC 9lt ,)97(IQaQ]_G OFf
QlFG BGP= ?c_9l_G H9lA8:G B9TTCl mGRA_G b_f IO9l_G UpF Hl ?cF9D_G IQrp_G BOtC
GPJ Q9DC .)99(Or9gA_G Og= H9lA8:G k_=l IO9cR H9lA8:G KFl Hl OcpATl_G >_a c9J dp

This article provides that: Member States shall ensure that, before the )97(
conclusion of the credit agreement, the creditor assesses the consumer's
creditworthiness on the basis of sufficient information, where appropriate
obtained from the consumer and, where necessary, on the basis of a
consultation of the relevant database. Member States whose legislation requires

creditors to assess the creditworthiness of consumers on the basis of a
consultation of the relevant database may retain this requirement.
Para. 26 of the preamble of the directive provides that: ..... Without prejudice )98(
to the credit risk provisions of Directive 2006/48/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2006 relating to the taking up and
pursuit of the business of credit institutions, creditors should bear the
responsibility of checking individually the creditworthiness of the consumer. To
that end, they should be allowed to use information provided by the consumer
not only during the preparation of the credit agreement in question, but also
during a long-standing commercial relationship. The Member States' authorities
could also give appropriate instructions and guidelines to creditors. Consumers

should also act with prudence and respect their contractual obligations.
This article provides that: Member States shall ensure that, if the parties agree )99(
to change the total amount of credit after the conclusion of the credit
agreement, the creditor updates the financial information at his disposal
concerning the consumer and assesses the consumer's creditworthiness before
any significant increase in the total amount of credit.
155 å 2018/1 ÏbFÇ

H9t \FE EcJ ,\cGaA_G YaQWl ?Wr9Fl A9FDC A9]fFG caO_G Hl OcOg_G ?dcpJ mGRA_:G
?p9]E ,brp dtcG_=_Ga jQTcaT_G dFaF9r_G m9dF_G dp KcQZ ctW= \c_f 9k ZaZFl
h]c m_ ,>=T_G GPK_ .?cTFQp_Ga ?cRc_GFDG mt9Jl_G Hf IQO9Z_G m9tJFG ^g= b_E
caO_G 9K= mRA_A IOOJl BGAGRG b_f [Fc m_ 9lt ,QcQrA_G GPK_ GkOOJl ;k tW \cGaA_G
.)100(mGRA_:G GPK= H9lA8:G KF9l cMC bAl A9]fFG
?=_9al= H9lA8:G KF9l \cGaA_G mR_co ,mGRA_:G GPK_ H9lA8:G KF9l PcpFA H9l]_
q o
Iar iOl mccrA Hl \FtlA d_9l_G gRtQl Hf ?cp9t ?c_9l B9F9c= mcOrA= >_a_G mOrl
H9lA8:G Hl \AO9pATG ?cF9tlE mccrAa ,H9lA8:G b_f cZJA c9J dp dF9lA8:G gRtQl
\_MO QOZl dp cDlAA 9l IO9fa ,?c=9GcDG B9F9c=_G ?l89r= B9F9c=_G gPJ qQgA .MaFll_G
k_=l b_E \AG9J iOl b_E ?p9]E ,?cQTFGa ?cZMW_G ?c_9l_G \A9lGRA_G mGJa gQGOrla
?JZ Hl Ot.A_9= H9lA8:G KF9l mGRA_G hl ,OGOT_G b_f \AQOr B9=DEa >a_al_G H9lA8:G
mOfa B9la_gl_G gPJ Hf m;gAT:9= H9lA8:G KF9l mGRA_G GPJ dFgc .?lOrl_G B9la_gl_G
?lR;_G B9la_gl_G hclG c9ltATG ^Qj= ,BGOFATl Hl u_KATl_G \lOrc 9l= A9pAt:G
mOfa OGOT_G b_f \AQOr b_E ?p9]E ,MaFll_G H9lA8;_ u_KATl_G GPJ ?G9J iOl mccrA_
?cF9lA8:G ?c_JFG QcOrA b_f H9lA8:G KF9l IQOr QPgA c9J dpa ,u_P b_E ?p9]E .QDgA_G
d=aQaFG O9JA;_ ?l9g_G ?c]apl_G B=_9a ,?lOrl_G B9la_gl_G b_f A9F= >_a_G mOrl_
(relevant database) ?_Z BGP B9F9c= OfGar A9WF@= A9]fFG caO_G mGRA_G IQaQ]=
Hl b_f brp QZArA :a ,O9JA:G caO cMGO [9MWI_ ?JaFll_G H9lA8:G Oarf ?p9t_
q
Hl ?c_9l_G B9TTCl_G ?p9t HtlAA EcJ= ,?r=9T H9lA8G Oarf dp ?c_9l B9lGRA_9= Ga_MC
mOrl_ d_9l_G RtQl_G QcOrA mD Hla - jRcclA Qci U9TC b_f - 9Kc_f Y;a:G
k
H9lA8:G KF9l mGRA_G - ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl BGQGQr_ 9rpa - dFgc GPJ .)101(>_a_G
Htlc u_P=a ,H9lA8:G KF9l 9Kc_f cZJA dA_G B9la_gl_G Aa] dp ?c_JFG gPJ QcOrA=
HaO ?c_JFG gPJ QcOrA_ 9KAGP OJ dp ?cp9t u_KATl_G Hl ?lOrl_G B9la_gl_G HatA HC
BF9t HE ,c=9rl_G dp .?cA9la_gl_G B9F9c=_G OfGar b_E H9lA8:G KF9l AaG_ b_E ?G9J
9FKp ,H9lA8:G KF9l ?=cQ_ IQcDl BF9t aC ?cp9t Qci u_KATl_G Hl ?lOrl_G B9la_gl_G
\lGRA_G b_E ?p9]E ,B9la_gl_G gPJ ?crGOZl Hf m;gAT:9= H9lA8:G KF9l mRA_c
cOg_G ?ltJl QGQr dp \GaA_G GPJ OQa .)102(d=aQaFG B9F9c=_G caOG b_f Y;a:9=

H. Micklitz, N. Reich and P. Rott, Ibid 198- 199. )101(
See: case (Schulte v Deutsche Bausparkasse Badenia AG) mentioned above. )102(
2018/1
å ÏbFÇ 156
)103(
(LCL Le CreÂdit Lyonnais SA v Fesih Kalhan) ?c]r dp ?c=aQaFG
NcQ9A= ?c_9l_G (LCL) ?v Tv TCl hl (Kalhan) OvcvT_G Ovr9v gvA dp 9v Kvgv89vra [vMv_vAvAa
\lGRA_Ga aQac q_C )38( \Alcr ^Qr k_=l b_f \_aZJ U9TC b_f 2011/5/5
QDgA .9k =cQrA )%5,5( 9KAlcr ?caFT IO89p cOgl= GkQKW )60( b_f ^Qr_G ?lcr OGOT=
?c_9l_G ?TTCl_G hpO 9l ,)2012( Qc9Fc QKW dp B9rJATl_G ?lcr OGOT dp ^QArl_G
QcOrA= s_gAl_G \lGRA_9= H9lA8:G KF9l c;ME ?GcAF b_E ?ltJl_G B_ZaA .\A9]9rl b_E
?ltJl_ IOcOf BGQGQr Aa] b_f - u_P_ 9k g=A B]ra ,u_KATl__ ?cF9lA8:G ?c_JFG
jP_G dFaF9r_G IO89p_G cOgl sc=aAa 9Kc_f spAl_G IO89p_G b9rT@= - ?cTFQp_G ^rF_G
k
(L. 311-9) IO9l_G [F_ 9rpa d89]r_G mtJ_G QaOZ NcQ9A dp dTFQp_G HaF9r_G gQrc
.)104(dTFQp_G u_KATl_G ?c9lJ HaF9r Hl
Available at: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/celex.jsf?celex=62012CJ0565lan- )103(

g=en&type=TXT&ancre=bisited on 22/12/2014.
Para. 18 provides of this decision that: To be able to use that site, internet )104(
users must fill in a registration form. When they place an order, they must
declare that they accept the general terms and conditions and that they waive
their right of withdrawal, by ticking a specific box on the form. The
information required by Articles 4 and 5 of Directive 97/7, in particular that

concerning the right of withdrawal, is not shown directly to internet users, who
may however view it by clicking on a link on the contract sign-up page. The
conclusion of a subscription contract with Content Services is impossible if the
box has not been ticked.
157 2018/1
å ÏbFÇ
E_9D_G >_a*G
d t;KAT:G H 9lA8:G Orf Ha l]l
mOrA HC H9lA8:G ?JF9l ?c_9l_G B9TTCl_G \cGaA_G Hl )2/10( IO9l_G BlR_C
k k
dFaF9r_G gRtQl K]aA dA_G B9la_gl_G Hl OcOg_G b_f jaAJc 9=aAtl GOrf u_KATl__
,H9lA8:G Orf b_f hcraA_G c=r >T9Fl_G QGQr_G P9MAG Hl \Ftlc aJF b_f Org_G dp
dp IQpGaAl_G Oarg_G dr9=a \c_E mOrl_G Org_G Hc= ?_]9pl_G Hl \Fctll A b_E ?p9]E
\rarJ H9c= c;M Hl Q9cAM:Ga ?_]9pl_G dp u_KATl_G sJ Hf 9FJ EOJAF .saT_G
[FA .?c_Jl_G saT_G dp QpaAl aJ 9l= \AFQ9rl ?cF9tlEa Org_G Hf ?8W9F_G \A9lGRA_Ga
mcOrA= H9lA8:G KF9l mGR_E c;M Hl ,dpQZl_G H9lA8:G Orf ?c_tW b_f ?cGO= IO9l_G
-?rQa ?MTF= \cpQa Hl ct e9pAJG >aGa b_E ?p9]E ,)105(u_KATl__ >aAtl Orf
Orf OOJc HC >Gc ,u_P b_f Ia;f .)106(Org_G Hf >T9Fl >aAtl [F jC aC
sarJ (in a clear and concise manner) IRGala ?J]Ga ?rcQa= H9lA8:G
IO9l_G >Gal= IOOJl ?cOr9gA baQW b_f \_9lAWG >aGa c;M Hl \cpQa B9lGRA_Ga
?cp9pW_G CO=l_ dt;KAT:G H9lA8:G Orf I9fGQl >aGa dFgc GPJ .\cGaA_G Hl )10(
\8GaAJG >aGa b_E ?p9]E ,u_KATl__ ?laKpla ?J]Ga ?j_= \Ai9cZ >aGa c;M Hl
Hl ARG_G GPJ dp EJ=_G QGOl b=Ga]_G gPJ HatAT .?clGR_DG B9F9c=_G Hl OcOg_G b_f
.?TGQO_G
Para. 21 of this decision provides that: The internet user then receives an )105(
invoice from Content Services for access to the content of the website for 12
months, for EUR 96. The invoice reiterates that the internet user concerned has
waived his right of withdrawal and that, therefore, he no longer has the option
to cancel the subscription contract.
Para. 22 of this decision provides that: The action in the main proceedings was )106(
brought by the Bundesarbeitskammer, a body which is responsible for the
protection of consumers with its registered office in Vienna (Austria), which
challenges Content Services' business practice on the ground that it infringes
several provisions of European Union and domestic law in regard to consumer
protection.
Para. 24 of this decision provides that: he Oberlandesgericht Wien states that,
in the present case, information on the right of withdrawal is not contained in
the confirmation email itself and can be obtained only via a link sent in the
email. A website can be modified at any time and, consequently, is not

available to the consumer on a lasting basis.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 158

dp ?c_tW_G bQW Hf EcOJ_G ?cGO= 9Fc_f >GaAc ,HcQZFg_G HcPJ H9c= c=r
9k rpa dF9lA8:G u;KAT:G Orf ?=9At >aGa dp cDlAl_G - dt;KAT:G H9lA8:G Orf
Orf OGOfE >aGa b_f \cGaA_G Hl )1/10( IO9l_G BZF EcJ - g;fC OQa 9l_
(durable ?=T9Fl iQMC ?_cTa= aC (on paper) drQa ctW= dt;KAT:G H9lA8:G
?_cTa ?cC 9KFC b_f (m/3) IO9l_G [F dp "?=T9Fl_G ?_cTa_G" BpQfo .medium)
q o
dp 9Kc_f Y;a:Ga ,Org_G dp IOQGa_G B9la_gl_9= e9pAJ:G Hl u_KATl_G HtlA
GPJ OQa .)107(9Kcp ccOgA_G aC 9JGaAJl qcQJA ?cF9tlE mOf I9fGQl hl c=rATl_G
md9F_G dF9l_FG HaF9r_Ga jRc_GFDGa HaF9r_G \= PMC 9l Hc= scpaA__ ?_a9Jlt [F_G
9k =aAtl Org_G Hatc HC dF9l_FG HaF9r_G bQAWc EcJ ,\cGaA_G QGQrE c=r H9lA8:G Oarg_
u_KATl_G Y;aG H9l]_ u_Pa ,O9rgF;_ d_tW bQWt \cpQa Hl \c_f 9k grala 9k crQaa
dfGQc ,c=9rl_G dp .)108(OJGa >F9G Hl \cp ccOgA_G mOf H9l]a gGaAJl b_f
d_9A_9= ,?DcOJ_G c9ZA:G c89Ta Q=f HcpQa_G Hc= Og= Hf Or9gA_G jRc_GFDG HaF9r_G
k
IQaZ ctW dp dFaQAt_DG OcQ=_G Q=f u_KATl_G b_E ;TQl Org_G Hatc HC RcGc
,c=9rl_G dp .)109(OQpFl ctW= \_cOgA mOf H9l]_ (Scanned file) cZI_ ?r=9al
Article 5(1) of Directive 97/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the )107(
Council of 20 May 1997 on the protection of consumers in respect of distance
contracts must be interpreted as meaning that a business practice consisting of
making the information referred to in that provision accessible to the consumer
only via a hyperlink on a website of the undertaking concerned does not meet
the requirements of that provision, since that information is neither 'given' by
that undertaking nor 'received' by the consumer, within the meaning of that
provision, and a website such as that at issue in the main proceedings cannot
be regarded as a 'durable medium' within the meaning of Article 5(1).
Y Farah, allocation of jurisdiction and the internet in EU law (2008) 33-2 )108(
European Law Review Journal 257; M Schillig, Inequality of bargaining power
versus market for lemons: legal paradigm change and the Court of Justice's
jurisprudence on Directive 93/13 on unfair contract terms (2008) 33-3 European
Law Review Journal 336.
N Reich and G Woodroffe, European consumer policy after ``Maastricht'' )109(

(Kluwer Acadamic Publisher: Netherlands 1999) 293; P Nebbia, unfair contract
terms in EC Law (Hart publications: London 2007) 136; M Dean, unfair
contract terms: the European approach (1993) 56-4 Modern law Review 587;
the extent of the transparency obligation imposed on a contracting authority
awarding a contract whose value falls below the relevant value threshold: Case
C-195/04, Commission v Finland, April 26, 2007 (2007) 5 Public Procurement
Law Review NA 119.
159 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

H9lA8:G KF9l ?TQ9ll OFf cZGaA_G dp ?_cTa_G gPJ cDl jRc_GFDG HaF9r_G RcGc :
HaF9r_G [Fc EcJ ,OJGa qQa Hl IOl_G OOJl Qci H9lA8:G Orf A9KFE dp \rJ_
,caZa_G m_g= cGTl drQa Q9aME ctW dp A9KFDG Hatc HC >aGa b_f ?JGQZ
u_Pa ,?rJ: ?c_9l b9TrC OGOT Hf \praA mD Hla \c_f u_KATl_G Y;aG H9l]_
,QlATl ctW= dFaQAt_DG gOcQ=_ u_KATl_G ?g=9Al mOf Hl jRc_GFDG YQWl_G ?cWM_
\c_f >gZ_G Hl Hatc Or Bra dp b9TrFG gPJ ?lcr hpO dp gGQlATG d_9A_9=a
k
.)110(?c_9l_G B9TTCl_G clf BGAGQGE OcrgAa ?=agZ_ GQdF 9JOGOQATG
?_cTa_G Hal]l OcOJA_ 9KAGQGQr Hl OcOg_G Q=f ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl B_MOA
Hl Htlc dA_G ?_cTa_G 9KFC OOJA_ ,\cGaA_G Hl )10( IO9l_G dp 9Kc_E Q9Wl_G ?=T9Fl_G
Hl Ot.A_G b_E ?p9]E B9la_gl_G gPK_ u_KATl_G m;ATG :HcQlC Hl Ot.A_G 9K_;M
dp ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl \= B]r 9l GPJ .Bra_G UpF dp 9KAAGQra 9Kc_f Y;a:G
9Kcp dA_Ga )111((Content Services Ltd v Bundesarbeitskammer) ?c]r dp
?c_aCTl BGP ?cRc_GFE ?tQW dJa - (Content Services,) ?tQW YQp H_fC
mcOrA Hf BFQAFDG ?t=W Q=f ?cF9l_FG (Mannheim) ?FcOl dp YQp 9K_ - IOaOJl
QAac=lt_G HlGQ= Hl OcOg_G cclJA= s_gAA 9TlF_Ga 9cF9l_C Hl ct dp ?c_9l B9lOM
c=9rl= iQMFG HlGQ=_G ^g=_ (trial versions) ?c=cQGA BGQGOZE b_E ?p9]E ?cF9Gl_G
?p9t b_f ?rpGal_Ga ?tQW_G hral dp ccGTA_G Hc_l9gAl_G Hl >_a_G scQa Hf ,d_9l
Hl u_KATl_G H9lQJ b_f Oct.A_G b_E ?p9]E ,?tQW_G 9K]QgA dA_G ^Qg_G baQW
marA ,ccGTA_G ?c_lf Hl A9KAF:G >rf .)112(IOQpFl_G \AOGQ@= Or9gA_G A9KFE dp \rJ
jaAJA EcJ ,\_cGTA Oct.A_ ccGTA_G >_a mOrl b_E dFaQAt_E OcQ= c9TQ@= ?tQW_G
QcWA HC HaO ,jQT_G QaQl_G RlQa mOMATl_G mTG b_f ?cFaQAt_DG ?_9TQ_G gPJ
W Posch, The implementation of the EC Directive on Unfair Contract Terms )110(

into Austrian Law (1997) 5 European Review of Private Law 135.
P Nebbia, unfair contract terms in EC Law (Hart publications: London 2007) )111(
139.
M Herington and S Brothers, Unfair terms in Consumer contract regulations )112(

(1995) international insurance law Review 263; M Schillig, Inequality of
bargaining power versus market for lemons: legal paradigm change and the
Court of Justice's jurisprudence on Directive 93/13 on unfair contract terms
(2008) 33-3 European Law Review Journal 336; N Parr, The relevance of
consumer brands and advertising in competition inquiries(1993) 14-4 European

Commercial law Review 157.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 160

Htlca ,gO9rgFG Og= IOQpFl_G \AOGQ@= Org_G A9KFE dp mOMATl_G sJ A9j_E b_E ?_9TQ_G
Htlc dA_Ga ,?l9g_G mGOMAT:G baQW c;M Hl QdJ_G GPJ ?pQgl mOMATl__ brp
marA ,m9g_G ?c9KF dp .?cFaQAt_DG ?_9TQ_G hl cTQl_G b=GQ_G c;M Hl 9Kc_E caZa_G
gQOr d_9l k_=l hpO= \lGRA_G Hl]AA u_KATl__ hpO IQaA9p c9TQ@= ?tQW_G gPJ
OcOGA_9= IQaA9p_G gPJ dp Q9Wla ,hral_G GPK_ jaFT_G mGOMAT:G >=T= aQac )96(
.)113(Org_G A9KFE dp \rJ Hf u_KATl_G cR9FA U9TC b_f Org__ dFl]_G
9JQaO= dA_Ga ,9TlF_G dp u_KATl_G ?c9lJ B9cglG b_E Hct_KATl_G ^g= \GaA
u_KATl_G Y;aG mOg_ jOr9gA_G bQW_G GPJ A9j_@= ?=_9al B9lOM_G ?tQW BlZ9M
dp ?ZAMl_G ?ltJl_G B]r .\_ ?_TQl_G ?cFaQAt_DG ?_9TQ_G dp QW9=l ctW= \c_f
ctW= u_KATl_G m;fE mOf U9TC b_f u_KATl_G B9cglG >_a ca=r= 9Fccp ?FcOl
L9GAJ:G RGaG mOf b_E ?p9]E ,\c_E ?_TQl_G ?_9TQ_G dp Org_G A9KFE dp \rJ= QW9=l
b=GQ_G c;M Hl \c_E caZa_G mAc jP_G - ?tQW__ dFaQAt_DG hral_G dp OQa 9l=
BFga .)114(?F_gl_G ?tQW_G ?aTGa= Bra jC dp \_cOgA ?cF9tlE >=T= - cTQl_G
?ltJl QGQr Occ.A q9F8AT:G ?ltJl BQQrp ,q9F8AT:9= ?ltJl_G QGQr dp ?tQW_G
?F_gl_G ?tQW_G BFga .?ca9TlF_G ^rF_G ?ltJl 9k ]cC \= B]r 9l GPJa ,?GQO caC
mtJ_G BOcC 9JQaO= dA_G ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl m9lC ^rF_G ?ltJl QGQr dp
c;M Hl HatA HC >Gc ?=T9Fl_G m;fDG ?_cTa HC U9TC b_f \cp Hagal_G
u_KATl_G caZa Hl]c aJF b_f ,u_KATl_Ga ?lOM_G ?lOrl Hc= QW9=l_G cZGaA_G
Htlc : GPJa ,caZa_G GPJ Hl ?lOM_G mOrl Ot.Aa QW9=l ctW= ?la_gl_G gPJ b_E
.)115(?cFaQAt_DG c89TQ_G Q=f ?c=cgWA b=GaQ c9TQE c;M Hl \F9l]
The (OFT) Analysis of terms breaching the (UTCCR), plain English and )113(
intelligible language (2001) Para 19?10 P 53.
Tribunal d'instance Vienne (FR) 15. Dec. 2000 Cofidis / Fredout available in )114(
English at: http://www.eu-Consumer-law.org/caseabstracts_en.cfm?Judgmen-
tID=212 Visited on 25-2-2008 Visited on 25-2-2008.
See G Alpa, the implementation of the EC directive on unfair contract terms in )115(
Italy(1997) 5 European Review of Private Law 192; G Alpa, A Glance at
Unfair Terms in Italy and the United Kingdom: What an Italian Lawyer can
Learn from the English Experience (2004) 15- 5 European Business Law Review
1127.
161 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

caFG YQp_G
d t;KAT:G H 9lA8:G Oarf v ?cp9pW_G CO=l I9fGQl
Hl u_KATl_G HctlA H9l] dp CO=l_G GPJ ?clJC b_f \cGaA_G ?lOrl BZF
PMAc d_9A_9= ,9JGaAJl mKpa 9KAAGQra ?cOr9gA_G baQW_G b_E caZa_G b_f IQOr_G
dA_G ?rcQa_G dp jOr9gA_G bQW_G âli OQc .baQW_G u_A= m_f bAl >T9Fl_G QGQr_G
BFl]A U9TFG GPJ b_f .u_KATl_G b_E \lcOrA ?cpct= u_Pta bQW_G GPJ 9Kcp Z9Zco
O9JA:G iaATl b_f u_KATl_G ?c9lJ OfGar_ ?ld9F_G B9gcQWA_Ga B9KcGaA_G ?p9t
9k rpa .)116(Hct_KATl_G hl Q9GA_G cl9gA OFf CO=l_G GPJ ?clJC b_f [F_G d=aQaFG
b_f Y;a:G Hl u_KATl_G HctlA I9fGQl CO=l_G GPJ >_aAc ,d=Qj_G dFaF9r_G \rp__
Qc=t bM= 9KAi9cZ hl ,?laKpl ?jcZa ?J]Ga ?j_= \_ 9KlcOrAa ,Org_G baQW
baQW_G b_f ?=AQAl_G ?cFaF9r_G Q9D69= u_KATl_G m;fEa ,9KAAGQr Hl \FtlA K]Ga
k
dp9t_G Bra_G u_KATl_G KFl GQcMCa ,?cFaF9r >FGaG b_E IQ9WDG Hl]AA dA_G ?cOrg_G
k
dFaF9r_G \rp_Ga O9JA:G caO mt9Jl O9KAG: 9rpa .)117(9Kcp QctpA_Ga 9KAAGQr_
:?c_9A_G B:9J_G iOJE dp ?cp9pW_G CO=l_ YGQl Qci jOr9gA_G bQW_G Hatc d=aQaFG
m
hrac dA_G ?cOr9gA_G baQW_G iaAJl [JpA_ dp9t_G Bra_G u_KATl_G KFl mOf - 1
B Dubow, Understanding consumers: the value of stated preferences in )116(

antitrust proceedings (2003) 24-3 European Commercial Law Review Journal
141; C Doyle and R Inderst, some economics on the treatment of buyer power
in antitrust (2007) 28-3 European Intellectual Property Review Journal 210; Y
Farah, allocation of jurisdiction and the internet in EU law (2008) 33-2

European Law Review Journal 257.
Article (L-121/68) of the French consumer code stipulates that, where the )117(
consumer resides in France or when the property or one of the properties is
located on French territory, the offer is written in French. The offer is, in
addition, written, at the consumer's choice, in the language, or one of the
languages, of the (MS) in which he resides or of which he is a national, from
the official languages of the (EC). When, in application of the paragraphs that
precede the offer, the offer is written in two languages, the consumer signs, at
his own choice, one or other of the versions. Where the property or one of the
properties is located in a (MS) of the (EC) other than France and the contract
has not been written in the language of this State in application of this article,
a true translation in this language is sent to the consumer.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 162

qral dp gOaGaa ?cOr9gA_G baQW_G Hl OcOg_G jaJA ?rcDa \l;ATG >T= ,9Kc_f
.)118(baQW_G gPJ IAGQr Hl \Ftlc H_
.)119(u_KATl_G \c_f hrac jP_G Org_G b_f K]Ga Qcia QcjZ bM= bQW_G ?i9cZ - 2
HaO QG9A_G b9WF Ya]al mdFA dA_G ?c_MGO_G B9lc_gA_Ga ?ldFF9= u_KATl_G mGR_E - 3
.)120(?ldFFG gPJ Hal]la ?cJ9l= m_gc HC
dgc=a_G u_KATl_G b_f ccJATc Orgl dFaF9r ctW= ?cOr9gA_G baQW_G ?i9cZ - 4
bAJ u_KATl__ ?=TF_9= ?]l9i baQW_G gPJ cgGc 9l ,9KFal]la 9JGaAJl mKp
.)121(9KAAGQr_ dp9t_G Bra_G PMC aC 9Kc_f h_aG a_
9KFC :E ,q_AMl ctW= B:9J_G gPJ hl A9]fFG caO_G B9gcQWA B_l9gA
Oarf ?i9cZ dp ?cp9pW_G CO=l srJA H9l] qOJ b_E 9K_lGl dp B_ZaA
[F dp ?JGQZ CO=l_G GPJ b_f [F_G A9G :dTFQp_G dFaF9r_G m9dF_G dp .u;KAT:G
m9dF_G hTaA 9lt ,)2005( ?FT_ dTFQp_G u;KAT:G HaF9r Hl (L-133/2/a) IO9l_G
mt9Jl_G B]r )1( :d_9A_G aJF_G b_f CO=l_G GPJ hl \_l9gA dp dTFQp_G dFaF9r_G
u_KATl_G K_9Z Qci dp H9t HE CO=l_G GPJ dfGQc : jP_G bQW_G H;a== ?cTFQp_G
k
\Ag=AG 9l 9]cC GPJa ,)122(HtlC HE Org_G [aZF dr9=_ QDFG GPJ OAlc HC HaO
The (OFT) consultation paper No.311 Unfair contract terms guidance, )118(
Consultation on revised guidance for the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts
Regulations 1999, April 2007, P5.
In the Guidance, the (OFT) confirmed that, it is our view that technical jargon )119(
such as references to 'indemnity' can have onerous implications of which
Consumers are not likely to be aware without such legal advice. See the office of
fair trading publication No. 672 (2005) P 68Available at:

athttp://www.oft.gov.England/NR/rdonlyres/F0F8ED8F-CEF0-4C06-A500-
F7C915DEEBD7/0/oft672.pdf Visited on 22-11-2006.
P Nebbia, unfair contract terms in EC Law (Hart publications: London )120(

2007)140-141.
See: G Sepe, National Models of European contract Law: A comparative )121(

approach to the concept of unfairness in Directive 93?13 (1997) 5- 4 Consumer
Law Journal 112-113.
ECJ 144?99 (2001) ECR I-03541 this case deals the commissions claim against )122(
the Netherlands because the former failed in implementing its obligation in
adopting the transparency principle expressly in its legal system. See H S N?lke,
the New German Law of Obligations: an Introduction (2002) Bibliographies of
literature on German law in English language, available at: http://www.iuscom-
p.org/gla/literature/schulte-noelke.htm visited on 17-2-2008.
163 å 2018/1 ÏbFÇ

hclG IAGQr IQaQ]= Q9=Af:G Hcf dp PMFG >Gc )2( ,)123(?c_9acDG mt9Jl_G
d]9r_G HtlAc_ ,EJ=_G cJl jOr9gA_G bQW_G ?cp9pW iOl QcOrA OFf Org_G baQW
GPK_ \Ai9cZ OFf QG9A_G \c_E bgT jP_G ^Qj_Ga Org_G Hal]l= m9l_DG Hl dFaa_G
m;fDG CO=l= \lGRA_G >aGa QG9A_G b_f CO=l_G GPJ ^Qpc )3( ,jOr9gA_G bQW_G
,IQcFATla ?cfGa IOGQE Hf >T9Fl_G QGQr_G P9MAG Hl u_KATl_G HtlAc dt_ QcZ=A_Ga
?_JQl dp @p9tAl dA9la_gl RtQl dp HcpQa_G ;t Hatc HC H9l] b_E ?p9]E
?cTFG_G clJc aC 9TFQp dp 9k lcrl u_KATl_G H9t bAl )4( ,)124(Org_G b_f â9pA_G
u_KATl_G H9t HE ,c=9rl_G dp .?cTFQp_G ?j__9= \_ Org_G baQW mcOrA >Gc ,?cTFQp_G
iOJ@= ?i9Zlo ?cOr9gA baQW mcOrA= QG9A_G mRA_c ,d=aQaFG O9JA:G caO 9c9fQ OJC
dp u_KATl__ sJca ,?cTFQp_G ?j__G b_E ?p9]E O9JA:G caO dp 9Kcp qQAgl_G B9j__G
HaF9r Hl L133/2/b IO9l_G( 9K= mGRA_:G dp >iQc dA_G Org_G ?j_ Q9cAMG ?_9J_G gPJ
.)125()dTFQp_G u;KAT:G
?i9cZ= QG9A_G mGR_E U9TC b_f CO=l_G GPJ hl ?cRc_GFDG mt9Jl_G cl9gAA
?a=GQ_G dpQa_ dpQgl_Ga dFaF9r_G RtQl_G cD9lA scrJA Hl]c ctW= Org_G baQW
Standard business terms only become a part of a contract if the user, when )123(
entering into the contract,
1- refers the other party to the contract to them explicitly or, where explicit
reference, due to the way in which the contract is entered into, is possible only
with disproportionate difficulty, by posting a clearly visible notice at the place

where the contract is entered into, and.
2- gives the other party to the contract, in an acceptable manner, which also
takes into reasonable account any physical handicap of the other party to the
contract that is discernible to the user, the opportunity to take notice of their
contents.
BGH (DE) 09. May. 2001 IV ZR 138/99; in this case, the court underlined this )124(
possibility as: `Àccording to the principle of transparency, the user of SFC
terms is bound by the principle of good faith, to state the rights and obligations
of his contractual partner as clearly as possible. It does not thereby depend on
whether the clause, in its formulation, is comprehensible for the average policy
holder. Moreover, good faith also requires that the clause makes the economic
disadvantages and burdens as recognizable as possible in the circumstances''.
N Reich, The implementation of Directive 93/13/EEC on unfair terms in )125(

Consumer contracts in Germany (1997) 5 European Review of Private Law
165; S B Markesins, H Unberath and A Johnston, the German law of contract
A comparative Treatise (2nd Hart publishing: London 2006) 172.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 164

mt9Jl_G OOWAA U9TFG GPJ b_f .)126(Org_G b_f â9pA_G ?_JQl dp ?cOrg_G
bQW ct_ \lKpa \AAGQr iOl Hf u_KATl_G cGCT >aGa= QG9A_G mR_A_ ?cRc_GFDG
?=AQAl_G ?cFaF9r_G Q9D69= u_KATl_G m;f@= \lGRA_Ga (the duty of briefing) jOr9gA
k
GQcMC .)127(u_KATl_G 9K= m_gc : Or ?cFaF9r hc]Gal QcDA ?cOr9gA baQW ?cC b_f
IQ=M ct_ QrApc jP_G [MW_G \FC b_f u_KATl_G hl ?cRc_GFDG mt9Jl_G cl9gAA
m;fDG OfGar OOWAo GP_ ,)qcg]_G u_KATl_G( Org_G Ya]al= ?cFaF9ra ?cpQgl
.)128(c9Gl_G GPJ dp QG9A_G b_f ?]aQpl_G QcZ=A_Ga
B9cr9pA;_ ?ld9F_G ?l9g_G ?cFaF9r_G OfGar_G cl9gAA ,dF9l_FG dFaF9r_G m9dF_G dp
\rp_G cgG aJF b_f QcZ=A_Ga m;fDG dp Or9gAl_G qQa_G >GGa hl mR9J ctW= ?cOr9gA_G
Oarf dp CO=l_G GPK_ ?Z9M ?cFaF9r OfGar Hcl]A_ ?G9J : H.= jO9Fc d=Qj_G dFaF9r_G
u_KATl_G ?c9lJ HaF9r dp dF9l_FG YQWl_G [Fck m_ U9TFG GPJ b_f .)129(u;KAT:G
m9g_G dp .?l9g_G ?cFaF9r_G O9=l_G dp OQa 9l= 9cpAtl CO=l_G GPJ b_f )1976( m9g__
GPJ Hcl]A >aGa ?JGQZ dF9l_FG YQWl_G Hl ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl B=_9a ,)1999(
\c_f [Fc dF9l_FG YQWl_G cgG 9l )130(dF9l_FG u_KATl_G ?c9lJ HaF9r dp CO=l_G
IO9l_G gPJ BFl]A .)131(dF9l_FG B9lGRA_:G HaF9r Hl )305( IO9l_G [F dp ?JGQZ
Article (305/c) BGB. )126(

Article (10/2/p) provides that: the existence or absence of a right of withdrawal, )127(
the period during which that right may be exercised and other conditions
governing the exercise thereof, including information concerning the obligation
of the consumer to pay the capital drawn down and the interest in accordance
with Article 14 (3) (b) and the amount of interest payable per day.
Article (10/2/r) provides that: he right of early repayment, the procedure for )128(
early repayment, as well as, where applicable, information concerning the
creditor's right to compensation and the way in which that compensation will
be determined.
Article (10/2/s) provides that: the right of early repayment, the procedure for )129(
early repayment, as well as, where applicable, information concerning the
creditor's right to compensation and the way in which that compensation will
be determined.
Article (10/2/t) provides that: whether or not there is an out-of-court complaint )130(
and redress mechanism for the consumer and, if so, the methods for having
access to it.
Article (24) provides that: 1. Member States shall ensure that adequate and )131(
effective out-of-court dispute resolution procedures for the settlement of consumer
disputes concerning credit agreements are put in place, using existing bodies where
appropriate. 2. Member States shall encourage those bodies to cooperate in order
to also resolve cross-border disputes concerning credit agreements.
165 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

b_E mOrAo dA_G ?rcDa_G dp ?cOrg_G baQW_G ?p9t Hcl]A= H9lA8:G KF9l aC h89=_G mGR_E
mOrl_G Org_G dp \c_f ^Qgco m_ jOr9gA bQW j.= u_KATl_G mGR_E mOfa u_KATl_G
?aTGa= 9k r=Tl IOglo ?cOr9gA baQW ?cC b_E u_KATl_G g9=AFG Bp_= h89=_G mGRA_G ,)132(\c_E
mGR_E ,)133(EJ=_G Ya]al Org_G dp )9K_c_dA cDl( K]Ga ctW= 9Kc_E IQ9WDG aC QG9A_G
Hl u_KATl_G HctlA_ QcZ=A_Ga m;fDG >GGa= m9cr_G dp O9Agl_G cGQ_G ?c9Ff cP== h89=_G
.)134(QG9A_G hl 9Kc_f â9pAc dA_G ?cOr9gA_G baQW_G Q9DBa Hal]l mKp
dF 9D_G Y Qp_G
d t;KAT:G H 9lA8:G Orf B9caAJl
H9lA8G Orf OGOf@= H9lA8:G KF9l mGRA_G b_f \cGaA_G Hl )2/10( IO9l_G BZF
:?c_9A_G ?cOr9gA_G baQW_G jaJc
?v_vJQvl c;vM H9vlvAv8:G KvF9vl 9vKv= mRvAv_vc B9vlav_vgvl Hvl \vcv_E IQ9vWDG sv=vT 9vl hvcvlvG -
.\cGaA_G Hl )2/5( IO9l_G dp 9Kc_f [aZFl_Ga Org_G b_f â9pA_G
?gpO_ ^QArl_G OGOT >rf IQl ct 9Kcp IO89p_G QgT >9TAJG IO9fE mAc dA_G âQr_G dJ )132(
.HcO_G ?_aOG IO9fE Og= HcO_G c9l UCQ ?lcr H9ZrF U9TC b_f ,\c_f ?rJATl_G k_9=l_G Hl
Article (10/3) provides that: where capital amortisation of a credit agreement )133(
with a fixed duration is involved, the right of the consumer to receive, on
request and free of charge, at any time throughout the duration of the credit
agreement, a statement of account in the form of an amortisation table.
The amortisation table shall indicate the payments owing and the periods and
conditions relating to the payment of such amounts; the table shall contain a
breakdown of each repayment showing capital amortisation, the interest
calculated on the basis of the borrowing rate and, where applicable, any
additional costs; where the interest rate is not fixed or the additional costs may
be changed under the credit agreement, the amortisation table shall indicate,
clearly and concisely, that the data contained in the table will remain valid only
until such time as the borrowing rate or the additional costs are changed in
accordance with the credit agreement.
Para. 32 of this decision provides that: ...... they preclude a court from having )134(
to find that, as a result of a standard term, a consumer has acknowledged that
the creditor's pre-contractual obligations have been fully and correctly

performed, with that term thereby resulting in a reversal of the burden of
proving the performance of those obligations such as to undermine the
effectiveness of the rights conferred by Directive 2008/48.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 166

.)135(sJ_G GPJ cDl mcdFA b=Ga] hclGa caOg_G dp u_KATl_G sJ -

>vGGav_G H9vlvAv8:G kv_v=vl >9vTvAvJG IO9vfE ?vcvpvcvta Qvtv=vlv_G OGOvTv_G dvp uv_vKvAvTvlv_G svJ -
k
.)136(9KFcJ 9c89KF gOGOT
.)137(IOQpFl_G \AOGQ@= Org_G A9KFE dp u_KATl_G sJ -
Q9vaE LQ9vM ?vcv_v=vrvAvTvl B9vfGRvF ?vcC ?vcavTvAv_ ?vFvcvgvl ?vcv_B OavGav= uv_vKvAvTvlv_G m;vfE -
gPv J BGAGQv GE ?v pv _v ta )Ov rv gv _G dv p IOav Gav l ?v cv lv cv tv Jv A baQv W( ?v cv l9v dv Fv _G mv t9v Jv lv _G
caOv _G \v cv Gav Av _G Hv l )24( IO9v lv _G >v _9v av A ,>v =v Tv _G GPv Kv _ .)138(9v Kv Av gv cv =v aa ?v _v cv Tav _G
Available at: http://curia.europa.eu/juris/celex.jsf?celex=62010CJ0618&lan- )135(

g1=en&type=TXT&ancre= visited on 16/12/2014.
Para. 29 provides that: On 21 January 2010, the Juzgado de Primera Instancia )136(
No 2 de Sabadell issued an order in which it held, first, that the disputed
agreement was a pre-formulated standard contract, concluded without any real
opportunities for negotiation and including imposed general conditions and,
secondly, that the 29% rate of interest for late payment was fixed in a typed
term which could not be distinguished from the rest of the text as regards the
font, the size of the letters used or any specific acceptance by the consumer.
Para. 30 provides that: In those conditions and, having regard to, inter alia, the )137(
Euribor ('Euro interbank offered rate') and European Central Bank (ECB)
rates of interest, and to the fact that the rate of interest for late payment in the
agreement was more than 20 points greater than that of the nominal interest
rate, the Juzgado de Primera Instancia No 2 de Sabadell held of its own motion
that the term relating to interest for late payment was automatically void, on
the ground that it was unfair, referring to the settled case-law of the Court of
Justice on this matter. It also fixed that rate at 19%, referring to the statutory
rate of interest and to the rates of interest for late payment included in national
budget laws from 1990 to 2008, and ordered Banesto to recalculate the amount
of interest for the period at issue in the dispute before it.
Para. (89/2) provides that: Article 6(1) of Directive 93/13 must be interpreted as )138(
precluding legislation of a Member State, such as Article 83 of Royal
Legislative Decree 1/2007 approving the consolidated version of the General
Law for the protection of consumers and users and other supplementary laws
(Real Decreto Legislativo 1/2007 por el que se aprueba el texto refundido de la
Ley General para la Defensa de los Consumidores y Usuarios y otras leyes
complementarias) of 16 November 2007, which allows a national court, in the
case where it finds that an unfair term in a contract concluded between a seller
or supplier and a consumer is void, to modify that contract by revising the

content of that term.
167 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

Oavrvf B9vfR9vFvlv_ ?vZ9vM ?vcavTvA B9vcv_B mvcvdvFvAv_ ?vcv_vlvf BGAGQvGE P9vMvA9v= A9v]vfFG
.)139(?p_tA_G ?_ra IA9pt_Ga ?fQT_9= mTAA dt;KAT:G H9lA8:G
Kv vF9v vl mRv vAv v_v vc ,)140((capital amortization) ?v vZv vr9v vFv vAv vlv v_G âQv vrv v_G ?v v_9v vJ dv vp -
OvcaRvAv= -Ovrvgv_G ?v_vJQvl c;vM Bvra jC dvp uv_vKvAvTvlv_G >v_va bv_vf A9vFv= -H9vlvAv8:G
?vcvFavcOvlv_G ?vlvcvra ,9vlvKvFvcv= ?vcv_9vlv_G ?vr;vgv_G cvl9vtv_ dvF9vGvl >9vTvJ qvWvtv= uv_vKvAvTvlv_G
Hv cOv _G cv ZC Hv l dv rv =v Av lv _Ga 9v Kv Fv l 9v JOGOv T mv A dv Av _G B9v gv pOv _G mv Zv M Ov gv = ?v cv _9v Jv _G
.)141(hpO_G >GGa_G gOGOT caOGa
k
Hl bFOFG OJ_G B9caAJl_G gPJ cDlA ,?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl BGQGQr_ 9rpa
epAJA u_P_ ,?cFaa_G 9KA9gcQWA dp A9]fFG caO_G 9KcfGQA HC >Gc dA_G B9la_gl_G
scrJA_ m9g_G qOK_G s9aF dp iQMC B9caAJl ?p9]E dp cl9t_G 9KrJ= caO_G gPJ
B9TTCl_G OlgA b_E d_lg_G hrGa_G QcWc .\cGaA_G \c_E bgT jP_G ?cp9pW_G CO=l
Org_G B9caAJl ?p9t IAGQr= gQGQrE b_f hcraA_Ga QcW.A_G u_KATl_G Hl >_a_G ?c_9l_G
QcDc 9l ,d_lg_G hrGa_G QlFG GPJ cDlc : HcJ dp 9Kc_f \cO_ BGQ9TpATG OaGa mOfa
?QGQrDG GPJ cDl_ ?cFaF9r_G ?lcr_G caJ cC9TA_G
(CA Consumer ?c]r dp cC9TA_G GPJ b_f ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl B=9GC
HC BQQr 9lFcJ ,g;fC 9Kc_E Q9Wl_G Finance v Ingrid Bakkaus and Others)
k k
\c_f O9lAf:G Htlc 9cp9t ;c_O Ogc : H9lA8:G Orf dp \c_E Q9Wl_G dGPalF_G bQW_G
Org= ?r_gAl_G B9la_gl_G ?p9t= u_KATl_G OcaRA >GGa= H9lA8:G KF9l mGRA_G B9=DD
: u_P b_E ?p9]E .H9lA8:G Oarf ?p9t dp :k aGOAl 9k cGPalF 9k aQW \Fat H9lA8:G
Para. (13/1) provides that: The consumer may effect standard termination of an )139(
open-end credit agreement free of charge at any time unless the parties have
agreed on a period of notice. Such a period may not exceed one month.
If agreed in the credit agreement, the creditor may effect standard termination )140(
of an open-end credit agreement by giving the consumer at least two months'
notice drawn up on paper or on another durable medium.
Para. (13/2) provides that: If agreed in the credit agreement, the creditor may, )141(
for objectively justified reasons, terminate the consumer's right to draw down
on an open-end credit agreement. The creditor shall inform the consumer of the
termination and the reasons for it on paper or on another durable medium,

where possible before the termination and at the latest immediately thereafter,
unless the provision of such information is prohibited by other Community
legislation or is contrary to objectives of public policy or public security.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 168

b_E B9la_gl_G gPJ QcQlA OQGl b_f ?_9J_G gPJ dp H9lA8:G KF9l mGRA_G QZArc
d_9l_G RtQl_G QcOrA c;M Hl O9WQDGa KZF_G >GGa clWc_ OAlc c= ,u_KATl_G
?c]r dp .)142(Org_G dp \c_E Q9Wl_G dGPalF_G bQW_G dp OQGa Qci GPJa u_KATl__
.)143((anco EspanÄol de CreÂdito SA v JoaquõÂn CalderoÂn Camino) iQMC
NcQ9A= ?cF9=TDG ?c_9l_G (Banesto) ?TTCl hl(CalderoÂn Camino) OcT_G Or9gA
?=tQl AGQW_ aQac q_C )30( \Alcr ^Qr k_=l b_f caZJ_G ^Qj= 2007/5/28
^Qr__ d_9lGE IO89p cOgla )%8( \Alcr jaFT IO89p cOgl= d_RFl_G mGOMAT;_
,Og= 9lcp OGOT_G dp QDgA mD ?c_9l B9gpO h=T OGOT= u_KATl_G mGRA_G .)%29( \Alcr
k
dJ 9=cQrA aQac q_C )29( gQOr k_=l= \A=_9al_ A9]r__ AaG__G b_E ?tQW_G hpO 9l
O8Gap_Ga d_t_G ^Qr_G ?lcr Hl \gpO 9l mZM Og= c9l Hl \c_f br=A 9l ?lcr
bQW HC ?GQO caC ?ltJl BQ=AfG .?c89]r_G qcQ9Zl_Ga \c_f ?rJATl_G ?c_9lGDG
?c_9l_G ?TTCl_G \Ai9Z dGPalF Orf dp OQa bQW aJ d_9lGDG IO89p_G cOgl
bM= \Ai9cZ BlAa ,â9pA aC ?Wr9Fl HaO ^QArl_G \c_f hraa s=Tl ctW=
B9lc_gA KcQZ ctW= q_9MA ?c_t_G IO89p_G ?lcr HC b_E ?p9]E .)144(GOG QcjZ
?lcr Hl )%20( Hf OcRc : 9l= ?=TF_G gPJ BOOJ dA_G d=aQaFG jRtQl_G uF=_G
dA_G ?cFaF9r_G IO89p_G ?=TF O9lAfGa ?=TF_G gPJ H;a= b_E jOCc 9l ,?c_t_G ^Qr_G
Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 13 December 2001. Georg Heininger )142(
and Helga Heininger v Bayerische Hypo- und Vereinsbank AG. Reference for a
preliminary ruling: Bundesgerichtshof - Germany. Case C-481/99.
Para. (14/3/b) provides that: If the consumer exercises his right of withdrawal, )143(
he shall: pay to the creditor the capital and the interest accrued thereon from
the date the credit was drawn down until the date the capital is repaid, without
any undue delay and no later than 30 calendar days after the despatch by him
to the creditor of notification of the withdrawal. The interest shall be calculated
on the basis of the agreed borrowing rate. The creditor shall not be entitled to
any other compensation from the consumer in the event of withdrawal, except
compensation for any non-returnable charges paid by the creditor to any public
administrative body.
Para. (14/4) provides that: If an ancillary service relating to the credit )144(
agreement is provided by the creditor or by a third party on the basis of an
agreement between the third party and the creditor, the consumer shall no
longer be bound by the ancillary service contract if the consumer exercises his
right of withdrawal from the credit agreement in accordance with this Article.
169 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

mtJ_G GPJ dp ?c_9l_G ?tQW_G BFga .)145()%19( dF9=TDG jRtQl_G uF=_G 9JOOJ
?rpQl ^rF_G ?ltJl b_E ?c]r_G B_9JC 9JQaO= dA_G ?Fa_WQ= q9F8ATG ?ltJl m9lC
Org_G OaF= ccOgA_ cMOA_G ?a_T ?cFaa_G mt9Jl_G u_lA iOl jC b_E :d_9A_G cC9TA_9=
9Kc_f h_ac m_a h89=_G Hl s=Tl ctW= ?i9Zl ?cpTgA baQW b_f iaAJG HE
c9J dp \F.= cC9TA_G GPJ b_f ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl B=9GC .cl9t ctW= u_KATl_G
\cGaA_G OfGar q_9Mc 9l= u_KATl_G hl \_l9gA dp h89=__ dFaF9r_G RtQl_G qTgA B=D
IO89p_G >TF ccOgA_ cMOA_G dp sJ_G cl9t ?cFaa_G ?ltJl__p ,)1993/7/13( mrQ
k
.)146(9FaF9r IQQrl_G
Para. (16/2) provides that: In the event of early repayment of credit the creditor )145(
shall be entitled to fair and objectively justified compensation for possible costs
directly linked to early repayment of credit provided that the early repayment
falls within a period for which the borrowing rate is fixed. Such compensation
may not exceed 1 % of the amount of credit repaid early, if the period of time
between the early repayment and the agreed termination of the credit agreement
exceeds one year. If the period does not exceed one year, the compensation
may not exceed 0,5 % of the amount of credit repaid early.
Para. (16/5) provides that: Any compensation shall not exceed the amount of )146(
interest the consumer would have paid during the period between the early
repayment and the agreed date of termination of the credit agreement.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 170

h=GQ_G >_a*G
Org_G PcpFA ?_JQl c;M u_KAT*G sarJ
aC H9lA8:G Orf mGQ=E dp u_KATl_G YQTA c9lAJG d=aQaFG YQWl_G ^QApG
spAl_G cGFG ca_J c=r \c_f cZJA jP_G H9lA8:G ?lcr Qc=OA Hl Og= 9lcp \FtlA
hl >T9FAc 9l= \_ ?JaFll_G IO89p_G ?=TF ?_aOG IO9fE Hl OcpATc Or d_9A_9= ,\c_f
Or9gA_G Og= 9l ?_JQl c;M u_KATl__ BGR9cAlG \cGaA_G KFl .Qt=l_G OGOT_G b_f \AQOr
k_=l_ Qt=l_G OGOT_G dp \rJ b_E ?p9]E ,\Ff caOg_G aC Org_G A9KFE dp sJ_G \JFl=
\_cGgA Aa] dp ?rJATl_G O8Gap_G ?lcr ?_aOG IO9f@= u_P Hl IO9pAT:Ga H9lA8:G
.OGOT_G dp
caFG YQp_G
\F f caOg_G aC Org_G A9KFE v u_KAT*G sJ
HaO H9lA8:G Orf A9KFE dp sJ_G u_KATl__ \cGaA_G Hl )13( IO9l_G KFlA
k
,?JGQZ Org_G dp \c_f 9rpAl H9t HE s=Tl_G Q9aMDG I9fGQl >aGa hl ?c_aCTl
dp .)147(Org_G A9KFE NcQ9A Hl QKW Hf 9Kc_f spAl_G Q9aMDG IOl OcRA : HC bQW=
bQW OGao HE :E IOQpFl_G \AOGQ@= Org_G A9KFE dp sJ_G H9lA8:G KF9l u_lc : ,c=9rl_G
u_KATl__ Q9aME c9TQ@= cGaJFG hclG dp mRA_c HC b_f ,sJ_G GPJ \JFlc Org_G dp
sJ_G H9lA8:G KF9l_ sJ_G \cGaA_G KFlc 9lt .)148(A9KFDG NcQ9A Hl HcQKW Hf crc :
- (or objectively justified reasons) IQQ=l ?cfa]al >9=TF H9lA8:G KFl A9j_E dp
?_9J_G gPJ dp H9lA8:G KF9l mRA_c HC b_f - Org_G dp \c_f 9k rpAl sJ_G GPJ H9t HE
dp A9j_DG GPK= ?=T9Fl iQMC ?rcQa ?c.= aC >aAtl drQa Q9aM@= u_KATl_G m;f@=
B:9J dp Q9aMDG GPJ ?cFaa_G B9gcQWA_G QdJA m_ 9l ,\_ M9Al >T9Fl Bra >QrC
Para. (16/3) provides that: Compensation for early repayment shall not be )147(
claimed: (a) if the repayment has been made under an insurance contract
intended to provide a credit repayment guarantee; (b) n the case of overdraft
facilities; or (c) if the repayment falls within a period for which the borrowing
rate is not fixed.
If agreed in the credit agreement, the creditor may effect standard termination )148(
of an open-end credit agreement by giving the consumer at least two months'
notice drawn up on paper or on another durable medium.
171 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

cOg_G ?ltJl BGQGQr QcWA .)149(sJ_G GPJ dp 9Kc_E OFATl_G A9j_DG >=T ?_9J clWA
b_f \Fal]l dp QZArc HC >Gca \cp hTaA_G RaGc : sJ_G GPJ HC b_E ?c=aQaFG
H9lA8:G GPK_ u_KATl_G mGOMATG Hl H9lA8:G KF9l (suspicion) g9=AWG aC HrcA ?_9J
b_f HRAl Qci ctW= H9lA8:G GPK_ u_KATl_G mGOMATG ?_9J aC HaF9r__ q_9Ml ctW=
.\r9rJATG OFf OGOT_G mOf Qa9Ml_ \]Qgc Or aJF
)14( IO9l_G KcQZ= caOg_G dp u_KATl_G sJ= d=aQaFG YQWl_G QrC ,u_P b_E ?p9]E
:E (Directive 102/87) mcOr_G \cGaA_G dp \c_f 9k ZaZFl sJ_G GPJ Htc m_ .\cGaA_G Hl
U9TC b_f ?cFaa_G 9KA9gcQWA dp ?JGQZ \c_f BZF Or A9]fFG caO_G hclG HC
IO9cR A9]fFG caO__ RcGA dA_G (Minimum harmonization technique) IOf9r
GPJ QcWc .\cGaA_G GPJ [aZF dp OQa 9lf u_KATl__ MaFll_G ?c9lJ_G iaATl
HaOa IOQpFl_G \AGOGQ@= \Fl c_JA_Ga Org_G NTp dp Or9gAl_G qQa_G sJ b_E sJ_G
BQQrA dA_G sarJ_G Hl sJ Org_G Hf caOg_Ga .c=9rl_G qQa_G ?rpGal b_E ?G9J
CO=l b_f A9FDATG aJa ,\J_9Zl scrJA_ ?cFaF9r_G B9gcQWA_G Hl OcOg_G dp u_KATl__
QcQrA dp >=T_G hGQca ,9JQci HaO u;KAT:G Oarf dp ?Z9Ma Org__ ?lR_l_G Iar_G
IQ=M__ QrApc jP_G Org_G dp qcg]_G qQa_G aJ u_KATl_G HC b_E sJ_G GPJ
dlJc 9l OaGa mOf b_E ?p9]E ,Org_G dp QM6G qQa_G IQ=M= ?FQ9rl ?pQgl_Ga
u_KATl_G ?c9lJ b_E HcFGar_G B.G_ GP_ ,Org__ ?l9g_G ?cQdF_G dp u_KATl_G K_9Zl
dp ?JGQZ sJ_G GPJ Hcl]A b_E d=aQaFG YQWl_G hpO 9l GPJ .sJ_G GPJ QcQrA=
.)14 IO9l_G( 9KAGP= ?_rATl IO9l dp )2008/48( \cGaA_G
k
9lR_l Hatc HC HaO - Org_G Hf caOg_G dp sJ_G u_KATl__ IO9l_G gPJ BJFl
k
aC Org_G b_f u_KATl_G hcraA NcQ9A Hl 9lac )14( IQAp c;M - u_P_ >=T jC mcOrA=
\Fl )101( IO9l_G dp 9Kc_E Q9Wl_G ?c_cZpA_G Org_G OaF=a baQW \l;ATG NcQ9A Hl
k
IOl_G gPJ H9cQT - ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl QGQr_ 9rpa - dFgc GPJ .Og=C 9lKcC
dp 9Kc_E Q9Wl_G ?c_cZpA_G Org_G OaF=a baQW u_KATl_G m_TAc m_ 9l_9a 9JQGQlATGa
Para. (13/2) provides that: If agreed in the credit agreement, the creditor may, )149(
for objectively justified reasons, terminate the consumer's right to draw down
on an open-end credit agreement. The creditor shall inform the consumer of the
termination and the reasons for it on paper or on another durable medium,
where possible before the termination and at the latest immediately thereafter,
unless the provision of such information is prohibited by other Community
legislation or is contrary to objectives of public policy or public security.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 172

(Georg Heininger and Helga Heininger v Bayerische \cGaA_G Hl )10( IO9l_G

cZJA 9l OGOT= mRA_c ,sJ_G GPJ ?TQ9ll dp u_KATl_G >iQ c9J dp )150(Hypo)
?cFlR_G IQAp_G Hf caZI_ 9k rpa ?rJATl_G O8Gap_G ?lcr \c_E 9k p9]l - \Alcr aC - \c_f
marc HC bQW= ,H9lA8:G KF9l_ gOGOT NcQ9A b_E H9lA8:G b_f \_aZJ NcQ9A Hl IOAll_G
c9TQE NcQ9A Hl 9k lac )30( Hf OcRc : HC b_f >T9Fl Bra >QrC dp OGOT_G GPK=
KF9l_ RaGc ;p ,^cagA_G GPK= u_KATl_G mRA_G 9l_9a .H9lA8:G KF9l b_E caOg_G Q9aME
?cC ^cagA= \A=_9al A9FDAT9= iQMC ?c_9l B9]cagA ?c.= u_KATl_G \A=_9al H9lA8:G
B98cK__ KF9l_G 9KgpO (non-returnable charges paid) IOQATl Qci qcQ9Zl aC maTQ
H9lA8:G KFl dp - IOaGal BF9t HE - 9KArpGal b_f caZJ_G ^Qj= ?clatJ_G
KF9la u_KATl_G 9Kc_f spAG dA_G ?=TF_G U9TC b_f IO89p_G >TAJA .)151(u_KATl__
KF9l sJ mOg= ?c=aQaFG cOg_G ?ltJl BQrC .EJ=_G cJl H9lA8:G Orf dp H9lA8:G
?cGO= mrc m_ HE g;fC 9Kc_E Q9Wl_G O8Gap_Ga maTQ_G gPJ b_f caZJ_G dp H9lA8:G
9Kc_E Q9Wl_G )2/10( IO9l_G dp OQGa_G \lGRA_: 9k rpa >rGag_G gPK= u_KATl_G m;f@=
?c_9l B9]cagA ?c.= u_KATl_G ?=_9al H9lA8:G KF9l_ RaGc : ,u_P b_E ?p9]E .g;fC
aC ?cp9]E IOf9Tl B9lOM ?cF \lcOrA c9J dp 9Kc_E ^QgA ?c_9l Q89TM ?cC Hf ?GA9F
.)152(H9lA8:G Orf hcraA_ \gl cZGaA_G OFf (ancillary service) u_KATl__ ?cQ9WATG
Judgment of the Court (Sixth Chamber) of 13 December 2001. Georg Heininger )150(
and Helga Heininger v Bayerische Hypo- und Vereinsbank AG. Reference for a
preliminary ruling: Bundesgerichtshof - Germany. Case C-481/99.
Para. (14/3/b) provides that: If the consumer exercises his right of withdrawal, )151(
he shall: pay to the creditor the capital and the interest accrued thereon from
the date the credit was drawn down until the date the capital is repaid, without
any undue delay and no later than 30 calendar days after the despatch by him
to the creditor of notification of the withdrawal. The interest shall be calculated
on the basis of the agreed borrowing rate. The creditor shall not be entitled to
any other compensation from the consumer in the event of withdrawal, except
compensation for any non-returnable charges paid by the creditor to any public
administrative body.
Para. (14/4) provides that: If an ancillary service relating to the credit )152(
agreement is provided by the creditor or by a third party on the basis of an
agreement between the third party and the creditor, the consumer shall no
longer be bound by the ancillary service contract if the consumer exercises his
right of withdrawal from the credit agreement in accordance with this Article.
173 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

dF 9D_G YQp_G
H 9lA8:G ?lcr_ Qt=*G OGOT_G v u_KAT*G sJ
9Kc_f cZJA dA_G >T9tl_G mJC OJC H9lA8:G Org_ Qt=l_G OGOT_G Ya]al Q=Agc
dp \AG_9f Or A9]fFG caO_G HC :E ,)87/102( mrQ \cGaA_G dp d=aQaFG u_KATl_G
OJC b_f QDC 9l q_AMl ctW= - m9tJFGa baQW_G EcJ Hl - ?cFaa_G 9KA9gcQWA
qOK= ,O9JA:G caO Hc= dgcQWA_G m9GTF:G scrJA dp cDlAl_G \cGaA_G B9c9i mJC
.A9]fFG caO_G hclG Hc= u_KATl_G ?c9lJ b=Ga] OcJaAa saT_G ?cTp9FA H9l]
[F dp cZpl ctW= sJ_G GPJ mcdFA IO9fE b_E d=aQaFG YQWl_G QlFG GPJ hpO
Bra jC dp - sJ_G u_KATl_G BJFl dA_G )2008/84( \cGaA_G Hl )16( IO9l_G
?lcr_ )d8RG aC d_t ctW=( Qt=l_G OcOTA_G dp - ^cagA_9= mGRA_G HaO=a A9W
k_=l ?_aOG IO9fE mAAT ,?_9J_G gPJ dp .H9lA8:G Orf dp \c_f cZJA jP_G H9lA8:G
.u_KATl_G 9JGOC dA_G Qt=l_G OGOT_G IOla ?lcr dfGQc ctW= H9lA8:9= b=AQl_G IO89p_G
IO89p_G k_=l cl9t= u_KATl_G ?=_9al= H9lA8:G KF9l uTlAc HC RaGc : \FC dFgc GPJ
.sJ_G GPJ u_KATl_G UQ9l HE H9lA8:G Orf dp \c_f spAl_G
BR9GC ,?cQ9GA_G H9lA8:G KF9l K_9Zl I9fGQl dp d=aQaFG YQWl_G Hl ?=iQ
^cagA k_=l= u_KATl_G ?=_9al dp sJ_G H9lA8:G KF9l_ \cGaA_G Hl )2/16( IO9l_G
(fair and objectively d_gp_G gQQ]A H9lA8:G KF9l B=DC HE Qt=l_G OGOT_G Hf HA9F
IO9cR mOf I9fGQl hl ,sJ_G GPK_ u_KATl_G ?TQ9ll Hl justified compensation)

gOOT jP_G Qt=l_G H9lA8:G ?lcr Hl )%1( ?=TF Hf cGaJFG hclG dp k_=l_G GPJ
Hl IO89p_G >TJATp ,?FT Hf OGOT_G dp Qct=A_G IOl BOGR HE ,Ht_a .u_KATl_G
H9lA8:G k_=l cl9t OGOT= u_KATl_G \cp mRA_G jP_G NcQ9A_G b_E Qt=l_G OGOT_G NcQ9A
HC RaGc ;p ,?FT Hl crC OGOT_G dp Qct=A_G IOl BF9t GPG 9lC .Org_G dp \c_f spAl_G
^cagA_G k_=l OcRc HC RaGc : ,u_P b_E ?p9]E .)153()%0,5( Hf ?=TF_G gPJ OcRA
Para. (16/2) provides that: In the event of early repayment of credit the creditor )153(
shall be entitled to fair and objectively justified compensation for possible costs
directly linked to early repayment of credit provided that the early repayment
falls within a period for which the borrowing rate is fixed. Such compensation
may not exceed 1 % of the amount of credit repaid early, if the period of time
between the early repayment and the agreed termination of the credit agreement
exceeds one year. If the period does not exceed one year, the compensation
may not exceed 0,5 % of the amount of credit repaid early.
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 174

OGOT_G GPJ ?GcAF u_KATl_G 9JQpa dA_G IO89p_G ?lcr Hf IOf9r_G gPK_ 9k rpa QQrl_G
.)154(Qt=l_G
Qt=l_G OGOT_9= s_gAl_G ^cagA_G ?lcr H9lA8:G KF9l sJATc H_ ,c=9rl_G dp
Hcl.A Org= b=AQl H9lA8G Orf >Gal= Qt=l_G OGOT_G mA HE gQ89TM ?lcr Bj_= 9lKl
H9l]_ \c_f HlCl H9lA8G Orf( \c_f spAl_G H9lA8:G ?lcr OGOT H9l] b_E qOKc
Qt=l_G OGOT_G mA HEa ,HcOl_G Q9G_G >9TJ_G B:9J dp ,)H9lA8:G Hl OcpATl_G OGOT
.)155(9K_;M ^GQrDG IO89p QgT OcOJA mAc m_ dA_G ?cFlR_G IQAp_G c;M
?lA9M_G
YQWl_G 9Kc_f OlAfG dA_G ?cgcQWA_G ?T9cT_G ?cJ9l ?TGQO_G gPJ 9F_ BQKdC
Br_aFG .dt;KAT:G H9lA8:G Oarf dp u_KATl_G ?c9lJ b=Ga]_ \g]a OFf d=aQaFG
hl gOr9gA OFf qcg] dpQgl RtQl dp u_KATl_G OaGa ?c]Qp Hl ?T9cT_G gPJ
gRtQl QcOrA mOf ,?cOr9gA_G ?r;g_G dpQa B9lGRA_Ga sarJ= s_gAc 9lcp H9lA8:G KF9l
HC Htlc iOl jC b_Ea ,)?cF9lA8:G \Ac_JC( H9lA8:G b_f \_aZJ Og= hraAl_G d_9l_G
c;M Hl 9Kc_E h_aAc H9t dA_G ?cO9ZAr:G \J_9Zl ccDlA dp H9lA8:G GPJ mJ9Tc
Og= 9lcp \p9WAtGa Or9gA_G QGQr P9MAG dp u_KATl_G YQTA ?cF9tlE GkQcMCa ,Or9gA_G
QZrC Bra dp H9lA8:G k_=l OGOT b_f \AQOr aC ,saT_G dp c]pC âQf OaGa=
u_P_ hrGa_G GPJ d=aQaFG YQWl_G uQOC .\c_f sJATl_G IO89p_G k_=l ^pM d_9A_9=a
\A9G9J Y9=WD Or9gAc jP_G dgc=a_G [MW_G b_f \cGaA_G GPJ ?c9lJ s9aF QZr
hTaA ,c=9rl_G dp .jQ9GA_G \a9WF Hf Og=_G ct IOcg=_G ?cQTFG aC ?cZMW_G
u_KATl_G 9KlQ=c dA_G H9lA8:G Oarf clWA_ ?c9lJ_G gPJ s9aF dp d=aQaFG YQWl_G
\cGaA_G sc=aA A9FDATG I9fGQl hl ,d_9l O9lAfG mC d_9l ^Qr IQaZ dp BF9tC AGaT
[9M dFaF9r mcdFA OaGa aC ,?cZaZM Hl \= hAlAA 9l_ H9lA8:G Oarf ^g= b_f
Qci H9lA8:G Oarf ,?cR9cJ aC ?cQ9rf HaJQ= ?a=AQl_G H9lA8:G Oarf cDl( 9K=
Para. (16/5) provides that: Any compensation shall not exceed the amount of )154(
interest the consumer would have paid during the period between the early
repayment and the agreed date of termination of the credit agreement.
Para. (16/3) provides that: Compensation for early repayment shall not be )155(
claimed: (a) if the repayment has been made under an insurance contract
intended to provide a credit repayment guarantee; (b) n the case of overdraft
facilities; or (c) if the repayment falls within a period for which the borrowing
rate is not fixed.
175 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

aC ?Z9M_G clg_G b=GaQ= ?r;g_G BGP H9lA8:G Oarf ,IO89p B:Ogl= ?a=AQl_G
k
.\Fl ?cF9D_G IO9l_G [F dp BGA9FDATG Hl OQa 9l_ 9rpa )N_G....?l9g_G
k
dp H9lA8:G KF9l B9lGRA_G Hl OcOg_9= \cGaA_G GPJ QrC ,?T9cT_G gPJ Hl 9r;aFG
mKp H9l]a ?cp9pW_G bQW_ H9lA8:G Orf I9fGQl >GaCa ,Or9gA_G c=r 9l ?_JQl
sarJ_G Hl OcOg_G u_KATl_G KFl b_E ?p9]E ,?cFaF9r_G gQ9DBa \Fal]l_ u_KATl_G
^Qpc ,Or9gA_G c=r 9l ?_JQl= s_gAc 9lcp .Or9gA_G Og= 9l ?_JQl c;M BGR9cAl:Ga
dpQgl_G qg]_G IQJ9d b_f >_jA_G b_E qOKA B9lGRA_G H9lA8:G KF9l b_f \cGaA_G
dpQa Hc= - 9l OJ b_E - jOrg_G HRGaA_G Hl ?_9J scrJA H9l]_ u_KATl_G iO_
jQ9GA_G H;fDG clAWc HC >aGa dp B9lGRA_:G gPJ B_DlA .?cOrg_G ?a=GQ_G
iOl QcOrA dp u_KATl_G Of9TA dA_G B9la_gl_G Hl OcOg_G b_f ?cF9lA8:G B9TTCl__
Hl ,saT_G dp IQWAFl_G iQMFG âQg_9= \AFQ9rla mOrl_G ^Qg_G GPJ Hl \AO9pATG
,Or9gA_G ?GcAF 9Kc_f cZJc dA_G ?cO9ZAr:Ga ?cFaF9r_G BGR9cAl:G mGJ QcOrA c;M
b_f \cGaA_G ^Qpc u_P b_E ?p9]E ,Or9gA_G b_f mOrC aJ HE ?_=9rl_G \A9lGRA_G ?cJ9la
m;fDG >GGa dp cDlAA Org_G b_f â9pA_G ?_JQl c;M B9lGRA_G H9lA8:G KF9l
\ApW9tla u_KATl__ ?cF9lA8:G IQOr_G QcOrA b_E ?p9]E ,O9WQDGa KZF_Ga QcZ=A_Ga
QcOrA dp u_KATl_G IOf9Tl b_E 9K_lGl dp B9lGRA_:G gPJ qOKA .IQaQ]_G OFf 9K=
?cF9lA8:G \AQOr QcOrA dp \AOf9Tl b_E ?p9]E ,Or9gA_G QQr c9J dp d_9l_G gRtQl
c;ME b_f ?=AQAl_G BGAGRG_G QlC \cGaA_G uQA .H9lA8:G Orf B9rJATl OGOT b_f
9K_lGl dp BQrC dA_G ,A9]fFG caO__ ?cFaa_G B9gcQWA__ mGRA_:G GPK= H9lA8:G KF9l
cO9gc 9l= k_=l_G GPJ ?_aOG IO9fEa H9lA8:G Orf dp \c_f spAl_G IO89p_G k_=l b9rT@=
k
.9FaF9r Qrl_G IO89p_G QGOrl
ctW= ?cp9pW_G CO=l I9fGQl= \cGaA_G QrC ,H9lA8:G Orf B;lAWl= s_gAc 9lcp
QcOrAa ,gOaF= ?p9t b_f Y;a:G dp u_KATl_G sJ Hl]c 9l= Org_G GPJ dp cl9t
>aGa QlFG GPJ >_aAc .\lOf Hl Or9gA_G QGQr gP9MAG c=r OcG ctW= d_9l_G gRtQl
cZpl ctW= ?cOrg_G ?a=GQ_G dpQa B9lGRA_Ga sarJ ?p9t b_f H9lA8:G Orf c9lAWG
?i9cZ ,H9lA8:G KF9l \_ 9KlOrc m_ ?cOr9gA baQW ?c.= u_KATl_G mGR_E mOf ,K]Gaa
k
H9lA8:G KF9l mGR_E ,GQcMCa ,Qc=t bM=a ?laKpla ?J]Ga ?j_= Org_G baQW hclG
.9JQcOrA bTaAl_G u_KATl_G hcaATc : Org_G OaF= Hf .WFA Or ?cFaF9r Q9DB ?cC H9c==
k
H9lA8:G Orf b_f hcraA_G >rf u_KATl__ sarJ_G Hl OcOg_G \cGaA_G QrC ,GQcMC
hcraA NcQ9A Hl 9k lac )14( IQAp c;M Or9gA_G Hf caOg_G dp \rJ dp cDlAA
å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 176

.Og=C 9lKcC ?c_cZpA_G Org_G OaF=a baQW \l;ATG NcQ9A Hl aC Org_G b_f u_KATl_G
ctW= d_t_G H9lA8:G ?lcr OcOTA dp u_KATl_G sJ= \cGaA_G QrC ,u_P b_E ?p9]E
Hl OcpATcT ?_9J_G gPJ dpa ,9Kc_f spAl_G OGOT_G IQAp c;M Bra jC dp Qt=l
OGOT_G NcQ9A_ 9k g=A 9K=9TAJG U9TC b_f \c_f ?rJATl_G IO89p_G ?lcr ?_aOG IO9fE
.Qt=l_G
177 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

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?vgvl9vGv_G QGO( ?__]l_ ?=P9t_ ? Q9GA_ ? 9fO_ l ? Ol_ ? 9lJ_ ,OQvrRv_G OvlvJC
v v v v v Ga v v v G vc v v v G vc v v G Hv vcvF v v G vc v v v G -
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Hav F v v G dv v v v v v v v G vc v v Fv G bv v v J v Ca v v Kv v v v G vc v v -
.Bcat_G ?gl9G -sarJ_G ?_Gl 2/13 )1989( A t_ d ca G
dv Fva _ u = _ ? _9 J ? T QO ^ Q r _ K l p _9 l _ c _ J A _ Q O ,H9vlvcE Uv=9vJ

av G v Fv v G v v v G , a v v G v Fv dv dv v v G v cv v v v G a -
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9GA ? t; AT: ^ Qr_ B9 _lf f u =__ ? Ol_ ? _ 8Tl_ ,jQvcvpv]v_G Ov_9vM

g v v vcv vKv v G a v v G vcv v v Hv vFv v v vcvF v v G vcv av v v v G -
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dv vFa v v v v v v DG v v v v v v G dv v v v v vKv v v v vv vv G v vc v v v v -
.)2008 ?cQOFtTDG :dgl9G_G
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:QvWvFv_Ga ?vf9v=vav_v_ sGQvrQ dv=C QGO 2( t =_ 9r_ p R G _ ,ja9vrQvWv_G ?vWv89vf dv vFv v G HavF v v G dv vcv av G -
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.HaF9r_Ga ?gcQW_G ?_Gl 43 )2010( Org_G mGQ=E
? = GFG hGGQ*G
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= In order to facilitate the emergence of a well-functioning internal market in

consumer credit, it is necessary to make provision for a harmonised Community

framework in a number of core areas.

For more details see: S Grundmann, Information,party autonomy and )3(

Community and national competence in health after tobacco advertising (2001)

Common Market Law Review 1421; G Howells and H Micklitz, EC consumer

Law: has it come of Age? (2003) European Law Review 370.

http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/top_layer/index_1_en.htm. visited on 17-11- )4(

å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 124

Council Directive 87/102/EEC of 22 December 1986 for the approximation of )6(

concerning consumer credit. (OJ L 101, 1.4.1998, p. 17).

IMCO_ET%282014%29507463_EN.pdf visited on 18/12/2014.

Community enjoy a high and equivalent level of protection of their interests

allowed to maintain or introduce national provisions other than those laid

are provisions harmonised in this Directive. Where no such harmonised

provisions exist, Member States should remain free to maintain or introduce

Directive 2008/48/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 )11(

127 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

deferred payment, loan or other similar financial accommodation, except for

å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 128

ensure the fullest possible transparency and comparability of offers, such

information should, in particular, include the annual percentage rate of charge

Recital (24): he consumer needs to be given comprehensive information before

he concludes the credit agreement, regardless of whether or not a credit

the pre-contractual information requirements should also apply to credit

129 å 2018/1 ÏbFÇ

P Cserne, Policy considerations in contract interpretation: the contra profer- )19(

at the EALE conference, Copenhagen, 13-15 September 2007.

å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 130

131 å2018/1 ÏbFÇ

financial services reserves the right to terminate unilaterally a contract of

indeterminate duration without notice where there is a valid reason, provided

(b) Subparagraph (j) is without hindrance to terms under which a supplier of

is required to inform the other contracting party or parties thereof at the

supplier reserves the right to alter unilaterally the conditions of a contract of

indeterminate duration, provided that he is required to inform the consumer

å2018/1 ÏbFÇ 132

u_KATl_G qcQgA hl cl9gA_G dp ?cgcQWA_G ?T9cT_G OOWA ,)30(O9JA:G iaATl b_f

See: M Fayyad. A glance of unfair terms in consumer transactions in Arab )27(

experience (2012) 5/2 international journal of private law 200.

Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 14 March 1991. - Criminal )28(

d'appel de Paris - France. - Consumer protection - Doorstep canvassing. - Case

.414 [ s=9T hGQl ,jQcp]_G O_9M )31(

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