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q t v BpA_ Ga ,^g= yE 9K]g= m] Or a m_t_ G \= marA jP_G QaO_G iaATl zf
c Ga IO9pAT:Ga
? 9 j_ ?_6 Ga ?c_agp*Ga ?c_f9p_9= b=A~p - 9KAcF=a ?_lG_ G m9d F
.)24(mRG_Ga QG_ Ga >Z _ F Ga hpQ_ G dJ Q9Gl ?g=Q zf C jQGA dJa .)23(H9t*Ga
: \=W_G gaGa Hl ?c=Qg_G va ?cAcQtTFT_G v m;t_G m9TrC ?cQdF a_MA :a

EOJ zf cO c 9l Kcp cgp_ Ga ,H9AcQdF_G \cp u~WA 9ll qQJ_ Ga cgp_ Ga mT:9p
mT G" IQJ9d= H9AcQdF_G BlA JG Or a .c=rATl aC Q]9J aC ^9l H9lR zfa

v aC \TpF v bFgl zf \A::O ?c]r - qQJ_G H9TQOA 9lJa - 9AJQaa : "cgp_G
k
aJF_G QD.A zf ;c_O gOJa ^KFc : \=W_G gaGa Hl {AcQdF_G {= 9l Ht_a .g|i
,?j__G QJGad Hl IQJ9d qQJ_ G aC cgp_ G aC mT : G HC u_P ;jOFK_G aJF_9= d=Qg_G
K ,{FT_G Hl
m p >9rJ.= >At_ G v A9l_g_G gQaTc HC c=r ?j__ G v O G la a aJa
v v G aC QvD.v A_G GPvJ
| D. A_ zf a .?v j__G Ov g= 9vJaOv Ga Ovra :E >vAt_G v 9JaQv avT 9l
FEa ,?cfa]al ?caj_ B9cagl 9KFE EcJ Hl QJGad_G gPK= - OGa HE - s_gAc :
9l
k
cgp_Ga mT:G HE .9J|c9gl b=]a 9KpcFZAa 9KAG_9gl ?cpct= - ;Dl - s_gAc
Hla \Fl ?cAcQtTFT_G v m;t_ q_A. G c 9lt d=Qg_G m;t_ G \Fl q_A. c 9l* qQJ_ Ga
cc F G K
? A QtT T_ ?j__9= 9 l_t m9Tr v BQD.A Or ? =Qg_ ?j__ C c G G HatA HC ca= GPEa ,IGOFG
9l v jOFK_G aJF_9= QD.A Or d=Qg_G aJF_G Hatc HC - Y9=AAT:G scQa= - ca=
k
: ?cfaF B9lTa GOOf m;t_G m9TrC [Mc
: xMGO cc_Oa dGQ9M cc_O : H;c_O - \_t u_P Og= - |D.A_ G GPJ dpF_a
I.WF HlR - OaFK__ Htc m_ \FC 9lK_aC : HGQlC \lGarp dGQ9M_G cc_O_G 9lC
22
GP@p ,>Qg_G aJF v QDCc HF mJaJF cJCc 9l >Qg_9= B;Z_G Hl - d=Qg_G aJF_G
q
B9j__G HGOcl v - \FC yEa ,?pO9Z*G OQGl yE gOQ >Ga {caJF_G {= \=W OGa
k
A9l_f \pQgc H9t 9l )dFcF9=( aJF HC 9lKcF9Da : Rp9J_G EcJ Rp9J_G hrc Or - 9]cC
q
?j__9p ;mJ|i \pQgc H9t :a ,9JOg= :a d=Qg_G aJF_G I.WF H9=E : ?c=Qg_G
Hl9D_G HQr_G QM GaC v : E Hac=Qj_G ?j__ G A9Krp 9KpWAtc c G cc

m_ ?l Or_ ? A QtT T_ F G
c
? =Qg_ G I9JF_ bF.p ,QWf hT9A_G HQr_G bTGaC v :E )dFcF9=( aJF qQgc m_a QWf
v - F G Hl
{ T_ q:5= \g]a Og= - aJF_G GPJ QDCc HC qcQa_Ga ? \= GaQD.Ac HC
OG " )dFcF9=( ?j__ G A9l_f ^g=
qOf Or_ bAJ ,9k j_9= Gk|D.A EcOJ_G dF9T__G |tpA_G
Hl iQMC ?cGO=" ?cOFK_G )dFcF9=( ?cQdF GaOq fa .)25("?DcOJ_G ?cl_g_G a

E J= _ G
.)26("B9cF9T__G B9 O=cG
va ?cAcQtTFT_G v m;t_G m9TrC {= ?FRGa*G HC \AOlgp ,xMGO_G cc_O_G 9lCa

k k
m;t_G m9TrC ?cQdF"v |D.A jOFK_G aJF__ Hatc HC 9ga9r 9cpF dpFA ?c=Qg_G
q
Hl HtlA_ {caJF_G {= ?FRGa*G HE c= ; I.WF_G gPJ Og= :a 9KA.WF H9=q E : "d=Qg_G
Hl 9J|i yE m;t_G C
m9Tr ?_.Tl R 9GA a c 9lKFc= jQPG_G q;AM:G \GaC HE car_G
K
9 pQZ a 9JaJFa ?cAcQtTFT_G ?j__ G HaDOJ*G Hacaj__G qWAt G " Orp ,c89T*G
?_ Z y | WE c 9l UQO a G
qWAt 9l v U _ c a .9KA_cZp Hl iQMC B9j_= 9 JaFQ9ra
.)27("?c=Qg_G ?caj__G G
B9T QO_9=
c
? J_aZ* G v " -Louis Renou - )aFQ U c a_( F
>9At 9 Q=OA GPE HJFa
Hl aJa -)29("\ca=cT >9At_ UQKp*G mGg*G" a )28("?cAcQtTFT_G ?j__ ?caJF_G
aJF_G QD.A dpF= harc 9l 9lKcp 9FOGa - )a=aQA QG|G( dTFQp_G sQWAT*G h]a
q_AMca .jOFK_G aJF_9= - c89T*G Hl 9J|i va m;t_G m9TrC ?_.Tl v - d=Qg_G
k
?TQO*G {= \=W \Ga u9FJ Uc_" \F@p ,?caJF c89Tl 9p_AMG 9lt 9GKFl HGaJF_G
bAJ \ca=cT Og= A9G d=Qf jaJF jC HKFl aC ,>9At_G v \ca=cT HKFla ?cFcF9=_G
23
"?_arl Hl OFK__ c
9l s rJA v " dFa|=_G H9JcQ_G 9=C Ht_a ;)30("Q]9J_G 9Flac
.d=Qg_G aJF_G I.WF v QD Or C jOFK_G aJF_G H.=a u_P |j= m Ja c Or }M= dA.c
)31(
"HQt9=" blTca jOFK_G ?j__G m_f CO=l v )v v J440B( dFa|=_G carc
k k
9J=Tl 9c_Zl "acO9Kl" yE ... >JP OFK_G A9l_f OJC HC ... m_g_G GPJ ?c_aC v : Ga_9r
k
OaTFG a=C ?c=Qg_G v 9Kg]a 9lt I|Tc {FGar g9afCa \_ QKd HC yE 9fQ]Al
.)32(YaQp_G Hl 9JOg= 9Kcp Oq cc.A_G" gOfaa

)v v J69 B( G a
wCO_ O TF G d=C a
QD.A= c r__ }M_ G GPJ zf caqgc HC Htlc :a
k
? _ c aC ?Zrp ,mfR_G GPJ zf - [F cca.A :a 9ZF : - cOc : aKp ,jOFK_G aJF_9=
c
q Q9ZA a aJF_G" c
m _gA _ K G 9Kcp
? _6 cMOAA c a
? Q aT C ?Zr jOFK_G aJF_G
)33(
Hf cRgl= ? =Qg_ c G aJF_G ?c_aC ?Zr a ,YaQp_G hcQpA cc G
v O .A_ OgA a "m;t_G
.cgp_9= ?JcJZ HatA : HC R9G HEa H9tlD9= c
?J J Z dJa jQaaTFG h=9a_ G
: dFa|=_G car 9lCa
aJF_G {= \=W yE IQ9WE OQGl aKp - "OaTFG a=C ?c=Qg_G v 9Kg]a 9lt"
k
Hl I|Tc ?_lG - gQlC CO=l v - 9lKFl ;t HC \KGa d=Qg_G aJF_Ga jOFK_G
- aJF ctp ,QM6G v 9lJOJC |D.A dFgc : \Ga_G GPJ v 9lKtG~WG Ht_a ,{FGar_G
Hl 9vlp ,\v faQp YQv pAa \v_av ZC v v
u_P O g= c ZC A mD v ,I|vTc { FGar - Hatc 9l c aC
u_P Hl mR_cp C >F9G_G GPJ v jOFK_G aJF_G \=Wc aJa :E - EcOJ aC mcOr - m_f
? \= QD.A Or jOFK_G aJF__ c9 A aJF ct Hatc HC
{= B;Z_ N Q9A s89rJ G c \]JOA jOFK_G aJF_9= OaTFG d=C QD.A= car_G HE
Or Hatc HC Htlc :a ,NcQ9A_G GPJ c=r X9f Or wCO_G OaTFG a=.p ;>Qg_Ga OaFK_G
HC ?_.T* G
Fa ."jOFK_G HQt9c=_G" u_P v \AOlfa ,h]a 9l aJF_G Hl h]a
?At
k
- Htlc :a ,jOFK_G aJF_9= - 9gclG \McQ9A B9GQgFl v - QD.Ac m_ d=Qg_G aJF_G
k
jOFK_G aJF_9= BQD.A Or d=Qg_G aJF_G v m;t_G m9TrC ?cQdF HatA HC - u_P_ 9g=A
.9JQGaaC Q89T E J c Hl :a 9KA.WF EcJ Hl : \c p G
m;t_ m9Tr ? Qd = C c Fa

24
ÑUHÇ uMU1 3dFÇ uMÇ d3Q2 WO{d ²
.{rQWAT*G Hl ?_D Hf dTQ9p_G aJF_9= d=Qg_G aJF_G c

QD.A ? ]Qp BQOZ
9l - \cCQ v - u_P yE cc=T_Ga .-De Boer - )Qa= jO( jRc_GF:G sQWAT*G mKFl
v H9t 9l ct zf Y;a:G >Qg__ QTc" \F@p ,)m759B( hpr*G H= \__G O=f \lGQA
jQFJ( H9cTFQp_G H9rQWAT*G mKFla "...)34(?caj_ EaJ= Hl ?ca_Kp_G ?j__G
k
?v v p9rD_9= c9ZA:G RtGQl mJC Hl GRtQl IQZ=_G BF9t Orp :)a=aQA QG|G(a )Xc_p
sQWAT* G 9l C ,)36({cTQ9p )v v J189B( d89Tt_Ga \ca=cT H9ta ,)35(?cTQ9p_G

y E gOq Ql 9l FE c89]p Hl >Qg_ G ma_f v 9l HC iQcp -)HaGQ= .L( jRc_GF:G
k
:;89r u_P QQrca ,mJOJa UQp_G
,m;ta ,EcOJa |T9pA Hl >Qg_ G ma_f - IO9g_G v - blTc 9ll PM
UQp_ G \= mKTC 9l d=Qf aJF Hla ,mGGQAa ,NcQ9Aa ,?caj_ mG9gla >aa ,?pT_pa
.)37(ga_aA Or c9lfF G gPJ Hl >At 9l |M HC OGA c9lf C Hl
k
KZ H8_p ,{rc yE m_TA HC Hf ,
;]p KGQA : ? ]Qp m r_ c a G \= dA.c 9la
?j_9=* G Hl HE ,UQp_G IQ9]J Hl >FGaG zf Y;a:G >Qg__ QTc Or hpr*G H=G HC
c F G H=G "BTQKp"
m O _ v a .calW_Ga malg_G ?pZ Y;a:G GPK_ bfOc HC
H9T__G yE dTQ9p_G H9T__G Hl hpr* G H=G 9K_rF dA_G >At_ G Hl ?p89a )v v J438B(
.?caj__G E9J=F9= s_gAc 9l 9Kcp Uc_a ,)38(d=Qg_G
aJF_G |D.A= har c c

: ? TQ9p_ G ?p9rD_ G zf ?JApAl IQZ=_G HatA HCa
>Qg_ G I9JF_G E
hl9Tl y ?p9rD_ G gPJ AGOZC cZ c HCa ,d=Qg_G aJF_G v dTQ9p_G
\cfa v Q QrAT: G G Hla ,jaJF_G crf v HtlA_G Hl H9t u_P HC dFgc : c8 GaFG
>TJ= \pctca \cp qQZA _ c \Fl O=: jP_G H9rADG \FrAca \_DlAc " EcJ= dF9T__G
m_f A9F= bFTAc \FC QaZAF HC ... |Tg_ G Hla .9JaJF h] a dA_G G c
?j__ B9 ]Arl

25
QO9Zl Hl crFG zf aC ,IQW9=l 9JQO9Zl Hl PMCA m_ ,IQ9gATl UTC zf OcOG

HC zf ,)39("?cGaQ_G scQa Hf cZ a Or Hatc HC Htlc 9ll B_r F 9l FEa a
?= Atl
c
? ]r v B=_ G Htlc H9ta ,?cMcQ9A_G aG K
s89D _ 9 A=DA : 9 Tp K F UTF G gPJ IQ9gATG
aJF_G {=a \v v Fc= HRGaFp ,mcOr_G dTQ9p_G aJF_9= ?pQgl zf 9Ft a_ |D.A_Ga QD.A_G
k
Hl 98cW m_gF : HJFp " aJF_G GPJ 9F_ epJA m_ m9cFG Ht_a .\A.WF H9=E d=Qg_G
a
c r_9p GPJ zf a .)41()a=aQA QG|G( carc 9lt ,)40("mcOr_G dTQ9p_G aJF_G QlC
Hat Hl mR_ c :a .">cj_9= mGQ " dTQ9p_G aJF_9= d=Qg_G aJF_G QD.A=
OQGl
k
?j__9p ;>Qg_G aJF v | D .A UQp_G aJF_ Hatc HC 9cTQ9p d89Tt_G aC \ca=cT
; c G c
Orp ?l Or_ ? TQ9p_ G dJ BTc_ 9J9pQgc HC d89Tt_Ga \ca=cT_ Htlc dA_G ?cTQ9p_G
dJ :a ,)42(m s )333( ?cFclMFG ?cQaaG}lDG barT PFl c9lgAT: G 9JQGJ
a G vv
u _* ? f9a a dv v F9T9T_G OKg_G Q89gW Hl 9K_9lgATG H9t ; c aG c
Orp ?a T _ ? TQ9p_ G
dJ 9l FEa ,mKAj_ J )m642( d=Qg_G
B= P KAp_9= m v v KJcQ J
B= P 9l_p ,{cF9T9T_G
G E jC ;jO;c*G h=9T_G HQr_G v 9KZGaM B_tWA Ora ,?DcOJ_G ?cTQ9p_G ?j__G
KAp_ QD
k k
9rclf GQD.A BQD.Ap ?cl;TDG ?c=Qg_G IQ9]J_G qFt v BFatA Or dKp ,d=Qg_G
ca
? A Z_ G 9J9F= v a ,?cl_g_G 9KA9J_aZl v a ,?caj__G 9KA_cZJ c
v ? =Qg_ G ?j__9=
m_ a ,?c_J*G ?clac_G I9cJ_G K G

zf 9 l OMAT QZAr G Ga ,?c_:O_Ga ?c=ct~_Ga ?cpQZ_Ga
.jO;c*G QW9g_G /jQGK_G h=GQ_G HQr_G v :E qc_.A_Ga ?=9At_G B9j_ q9Zl yE sQA
q
a_a ,h]ac 9* 9 JaJF HCa d89Tt_Ga \ca=cT HlR UQOA B 9t 9l 9 F KFC u_P bFgl
c
? TQ9p 9pQg c HC d89Tt_Ga \ca=cT HtlC GPEa .?c=Qg_G aJF= QD.A* G aJ H9t_ h] a
9KFcFGar m_9g_G ?pQgl= Uc_a \Aj_ hl9T_G m_tA*G ?pQgl= s_gAc QlFG H@p ,9lJQZf
k
:a ,;lf ?cTQ9p_G ?t_l H9ltJc 9lKp ,\A9l_Tla 9KrTF B9c_aCa ?l9g_G 9K8O9=la
k
,jaJF_G 9K_GaFl dF=c H.= \_ KlTA 9lKFl ct HT BF9t 9lp ,9l_f 9KFcFGar H9pQgc
HT_G v aJa IQZ=_G \ca=cT cMO a ,)43("m;i aJa a G
?p t_ cMO " Or d89Tt_9p
)44(
9l FE" \ca=cTp ,?caJF ?cF9T_ yaFG 9lK_acl BF9t 9l Hc_GQ_G HE mD . K
9 Tp F
c aC - d89Tt_G [AMGa ,aJF_G >_aa u_P uQA mD ,)45("EcOJ_G >Atc_ IQZ=_G mOr
26
m_gA 9l FE "a ,HcQaKW*G ?g=T_ G AGQr_G OJ C aJa ,?cFBQr_G BGAGQr_G v - [AM 9l G

\cA.c HC Htlc : H;GQ_G \=_a jP_G aJF_G H@p ,GPJ zf a .)46("}t_G zf aJF_G
Og= zf )HaGQ= .L( jRc_GFDG sQWAT* G \= A9G 9la .9lK_=r Hl ?cTQ9p_9= QD.A_ G
k
Or a :E >Qg_G ma_f Hl m_f Hl 9l \FC - :aC - KcJZ= Uc_p ,?cl_g_G ?rcrJ_G Hl
AGQp_Ga d89Tt_Ga \ca=cT c9Dl C u_P y A a H8_p .\cp >At 9l |M mG9fF G y A a
k
aQlf d=C c9DlC >Qg_G A9l_g_G Hl 9]cC g:aA Or_ ,mJ|ia ?=cAr H=Ga )v v J207B(
.mJ|ia )v v J215B( jQ9ZFFG OcR d=Ca OlJC H= cc_M_Ga )v v J154B( A;g_G H=G
mR; c m_ a_ c G
?g pQ_ ?GQO_ G gPJ aJF_G Hl c H9t
k_= _ 9l I9JF_G m9l E \ca=cT HEa
dpp : \=9Ata \ca=cT zf HcO Hl \l_fa cc_M__ 9l A9lOr_G eJ: Or a .cc_M_G
.)47("cc_M_G Hf \ca=cT c
>9At v ? 9tJ_ ?l9f G " HC "{cQZ=_G { caJF_G Q9=M C"
ep_ a \dp_= \=Ga=C Orf " Or a >9At_ G q_ C \ca=cT HC "{caJF_G G "
>A Ql v a
)48(
c \ca=cT
c r B 9l 9* " \F@p \ca=cT jQZ9gl Hf u_P qMc m_a , "cc_M_G
k
.)49("cc_M_G m_f v ?rQa q_C Hl 9=9At q_C Or \ca=cT HE : )v v J182B( UFac_
.)50("cc_M_G m_f A9cJE" v "?lJ9Tl" \=9At Og c \TpF \ca=cT H9ta

a :)51(>Qg_G
9l m;t a EcOJ_Ga HBQr_G dJ 9lFE 9KF9tQCa ">9At_G" ?FaOl caZCa
Or \ca=cT H@p GPtJa .?FaO*G gPJ :a_ h] a 9l aJF_G Hl h] c HC \ca=cT_ H9t
c
? =Qf " ?FaOl Hla "mKAc=Qg= saDa*G" >Qg_ G Y9lT Hla cc_M_G m_f Hl O9p C
.9KAi;=a 9K=aMa >Qg_G ?j_ zf \=9At \ca=cT c lf " Orp ,"H9T__Ga Oc_Ga \Ga_G
k k
.)52("9Ac= {TlM a C FaO*G gPJ
9p_ ? v QgW_ O G JGaW Bj_= Or a
A:CJ HlOFG Orp ,mG9fC A9l_f \=9arC Hl Hatc HC g|]c : aJF_G HC sJ_Ga
q
?lOM u8_aCa A:CJ mKp ,?caj__Ga ?cFcO_G IOJa_G qFt v >Qg_G A9l_f hl A9l_g_G
dTQ9p_Ga d89Tt_Ga \ca=cT H9t GPEa .\AQ9]Ja m;TDG HcOa ,\Aj_a HBQr_G
k q
?j__G v mG9f.= GaTc_p >TF_G v 9lGf )v v J538B( jQWMlR_G a )v v J377B(
K Gar - UFG__ aC - sQg__ \AcCQ_ m;TDG {tlA L9lOF:G GPJ QTc Ora ,?c=Qg_G
9 l

27
,dA9laT_Ga dDGQa_Ga dgc=a_9= c cF

s_gAA ? O9l ? == U _ c - U G_F G aC - sQg_ G HC
gOOJc ?j__9= m_tA*G "UFG" v p ,df9lAG:Ga dGa_acOcF9= s_gAA ?cRlQ ?cF= \Ft_a
\__G zZ - caTQ_G car cRFAc Q9aDG GPJ va ,dGa_ac=_G \DQE : ,df9lAG:G \DQE
m_tA Hlp ,H9T__G dJ 9lFEa ,mC :a >C Hl c
mtOJ.= ? =Qg_ U _ G c " HC -m_Ta \c_f
G c G HC
B R l* v cDlA c "UFG_G" maKpl cgG c car aJa ,)53("d=Qf aKp ?c=Qg_G
,mO_9= :E \_cZJA Htlc : 9 lf IQ9=f HatA HC 9Kcp b~W c O9f 9l ,"?cTFG_G"
dl;TDG hlAG* y G E AGa]F:Ga ?c=Qg_G G Kc
?j__ m_gA 9 _ ZJA bQW K=Z 9l C FEa
"sQg_G" aC "UFG_G" QaZA* ?cGa_acTaT_G ?cCQ_G gPJ Aa] v a .\Ap9rDa
sQg_ G aC U G__F \laKpl zf \cF=c \FF ;?cl_f c jP
?l r |i HaGQ= car Hatc
HC dJ K
?l l ?r rJ c Hf cJPc \FFa ,dGa_acTaT_G \laKpl zf : dGa_ac=_G
\= Ha_O=ATc mKp ,dlGfFG mK=TF= OGOAfG |=t HaOAgc : mKTpFC mG9fFG A9l_g_G
k k
,u_P v ?]9]i HaOGc : mJa ,9Kl_tAa ?c=Qg_G m_gA aJa 9=9TAtG >TAtc 9=TF
: jQWMlR_G aJa mJOJC car QtP F HC dptca ,c89]p_G mdf C Hl ?_c]p \FaOgca
>Qg__ >]j_ G zf dF_=Ga ,?c=Qg_G A9l_f Hl dF_gG HC zf OlJ C \__G"
ca
? = gW_ G c
q p_ y E ja]FCa ,R9AlCa mJQ9ZFC Hf OQpA C HC w b=Ca ,?c=Zg_Ga
.)54("R9JFCa
k
zf ; _O ^ c KFc : - \AJZ ^Qp zf - jRc_GFDG sQWAT*G car HE mD
gag]a Or m KFC :E dFgc : aJF_G GPJ Ga_aAc H.p ,>Qg_G aJF v UQp_ G |D.A
\c_f GaarTc m_ mKp ,>Qg_G m;t AGQrATG Hl \ZGaMa \FcFGara gOfGar Gaa=FATGa
k
9lp ,\AcCQ |i ?cCQa gOaOJ |i GOaOJ galR_c m_a ?c=Qg_G ?j__G jQ9Gl q_9Mc 9l
A9l_f 9KA=Dc m_ ?_9ZFG gPJ HC zf cc_O_G aJa ,ccZC d=Qf - HPE aJ - \= GaC9G
k
.9]cC mGg_G A9l_f 9KA=DC 9lFEa mJOJa ?c=Qg_G

28
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?FT 9rrJl hpr*G H=G QZAMl QKdc HC c=r - H9t daTQFG saF*9= \cr=9Ta
sOZ {=A a gCaM B=D Or - u_P Og= - \FCa ,^G~pGa {lMA OQGl - 1970
.I.WF_G Qaa G
v m;t_ m9Tr EJ=l C a d=Qg_G aJF_G C aJa ,\]crF
?_ 9 Z

73
gÇuPÇ
XF. Fleich (Henri), TraiteÂ de philology t 1. p 23. - 1

.64 [ ,d=Qg_G jaj__G Qtp_G v ?cF9Fac QZ9Ff ,Uct ,kcATQcp - 2
.344[ ,>Qg_G OFf jaj__G EJ=_G ,Q9AMl OlJ C ,Qlf - 3
.32[ ,?caJF_G UQGO*G ,draW ,qc] - 4
.133[ ,OaFK_G OFf jaj__G EJ=_G ,Q9AMl OlJ C ,Qlf - 5
.47 [ ,1 L ,{g_G >9At ,OlJC H= cc_M_G ,jOcJGQp_G - 6
.9KTpF ?JpZ_ G ,s=9T_G QOZ*G- 7
.9KTpF ?JpZ_ G ,s=9T_G QOZ*G- 8
CF.Brockelmann (Carl): G.A.t1,p97. - 9
Id: Supp, t1. p 156 - 10
.5 Xl9 J ,124 [ ,2 L ,d=Qg_G >OFG NcQ9A ,cQ9t ,H9l_taQ= - 11
.344 ,
[ >Qg_G OFf jaj__G EJ=_G ,Q9AMl OlJ C ,Qlf - 12
H=: ">GQfDG ?f9FZ QT" aJ BGaZFG ?TGQO_ OQpc d=Qf >9At caC - 13
Hl {r=9T_G \_9lfC v \_ QDC ;p ,jQGK_G h=GQ_G HQr_G v :E q_Cc m_a dFG
EJ9=*G HaOgc gOg= A9G Hla dFG H=G aQZ9gl cd Ora ,>Qg_G I9JF
k
m_f EJ9=*G gPK_ Hatc HC v \GKF GaGKFc m_a aJF_G Hl GARG ?cAaZ_G
.g|j_ ?cg=A_G Hl 9KZ_Mca 9K= crATc

.345 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G ,Q9AMl OlJ C ,Qlf - 14
.s=9T_G QOZ*G - 15
Haywood (J.A): Arabic lexicography p 7 - 16
UQGO*G ,draW ,qc] .94 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G ,Q9AMl OlJC ,Qlf QdFG - 17
.32[ ,?caJF_G
74
Haywood (J.A): Loc. eit. - 18

Id: Op.cit,p4 - 19
.343 ,
[ >Qg_G OFf jaj__G EJ=_G ,Q9AMl OlJ C ,Qlf gQtP - 20
.9KTpF ?JpZ_ G ,s=9T_G QOZ* G - 21
CF.Filliozat (Pierre-Sylvain): Grammaire sanscrite paninienne, pp 63- - 22
64
CF.Idig cit, p 66-67. - 23

CF.Id: opcit, p 78. - 24
Benveniste (Emile): probleÂmes de linguistique geÁneÂrale. T1, p 30 - 25
Id, Loc, cit. - 26
.13 [ ,d=Qg_G aJF_G caZC ,OlJl ,Ocf - 27
Renou(Louis): Terminologie grammaticale du sanscrit, Paris, 1942. - 28
TroupeaÃu 5GeÂrard): Lexique - Index du kitõÃb de sibawayhi, Paris, - 29
1976.
.347 :
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G ,Q9AMl OlJ C ,Qlf - 30
K jOCA B9r9rAWGa \l;t KJZc aJF " - dFa|=_G \pQgc 9lt - HQt9=_G - 31
m =
v ,)H9JcQ_G a=C( )dFa|=_G( " ?=9aM_G v ?J9Zp_Ga ?=9At_G v ?i;=_G yE
.104 [ ,?_arl Hl OFK__ 9l scrJA

.105 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G - 32
.56 ,
[ m;T DG G c
v ?pT_p_ N Q9A :)L,B( Qa= jO - 34
CF.Fleich (Henri): TraiteÁ de philologie arabe, t1, p 24 - 35
CF.Loc.cit,et Troupeau (GeÂrard): Lexique - Index du kitõÃb du - 36
sibawayhi, p 14.

75
.24 [ ,"UQ9p EGQA " Hl] ,UQp_G m;T E :)L( HaGQ= - 37

.364-309-303-132 [ [ BTQKp_G , ,LQp_G a=C ,mcOF_G H=G Qd FG - 38
.27 [ ,?j__Ga saF*9= d=Qg_G aJF_G ?r;f caJ QaGaM ,QO9r_GO=f ,j|K*G - 39
Troupeau GeÁrard: Loc.cit. - 40
Id.loc.ci - 41
Manessy - Guitton (Jackielile): L'indo - europeÂn. p 1278. - 42
.127 ,
[ {caj__Ga {caJF_G B9r=a Qt= , a=C ,jOc=R_G - 43
.127 -126 [ ,jaj__G QaaA_G v ,Qa=Z_G , J
O=f { 9W Qd FG - 44
.66 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G ,Qt= a=C ,jOc=R_G - 45
.68 [ ,A9=_FG ?JRF ,B9t}_G a=C ,jQ9=FFG - 46
.31 ,
[ {cQZ=_G {caJF_G Q9=MC O gT ,c a=C ,vG|T_G - 47
.106 ,
[ {caJF_G >AGQl > a_ , c G a=C ,jaj__G - 48
.52 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G ,Qt= a=C ,jOc=R_G - 49
dl]KG_G xf H= QZF 9FDOJ " :[F_G GPJ \cpa 75 [ ,s=9T_G QOZ* G - 50
." cc_M_G m_f dJF c9gA :\c=F c9r \=9At q_Cc HC \ca=cT OGQC :
9 * c9 r
.103-7 [ [ ,5 L \ca=cT >9At ,m;T_G O=f ,HaQ9J Qd FG - 51

.9KTpF ?JpZ_ G ,s=9T_G QOZ* G ,Qt= a=C ,jOc=R_G - 52
.169 ,
[ mcrAT*G bGQZ_G ,HcO_G drA ,?clcA H=G - 53
.2[ ,?c=Qg_G m_f v cZp*G ,mT9r_G a=C ,jQWMlR_G - 54
.42[ ,d=Qg_G aJF_Ga aaTQC saFl ,mcJGQ=E ,QatOl - 55
.79 ,
[ 9KArcQaa 9KAO9l :?caJF_G OfGar_G O lJ_ O=f ,c G ,HTJ - 56
.250 -249 [ [ ,aJF_Ga ?j__G ,HTJ ,Haf - 57
.219 [ ,1 L ,>Qg_G >GOB NcQ9A ,dGQG ,HGOcR - 58
Troupeau (GeÂrard): lexique - index, p 13. - 59
76
HQr_G ?cGO= yE >Qg_G OFf ?caj__G B9TGQO_G ,{TJ OlJl ,{T9c cB - 60

.85 [ ,E_9D_G
.134 [ ,\ca=cT >9At Aa] v d=Qg_G aJF_G I.WF ,QG|G ,a=aQA :QdFG - 61
.9KTpF ?JpZ_ G ,s=9T_G QOZ* G :QdFG - 62
.135[ ,s=9T_G QOZ* G - 63
F " kcATQcp Uct >9At >cQgA_ \AlOrl v jQt9Ft OalJl gQtP - 64
QZ9 f
k
Uclc_rE >FG >9At Hf ;rF ,25 [ ,"d=Qg_G jaj__G Qtp_G v ?cF9Fac
,203 [ ,1 L ,dF9cQT_G ?j__G aJF v ?cKW_G ?gl__G " OaGO qTac

.1904 b
Troupeau (GeÁrard): Lexique - Index, p 12. - 65
.138 [ ,\ca=cT >9At Aa] v d=Qg_G aJF_G I.WF ,QG|G ,a=aQA - 66
.56 ,
[ m;T DG G c
v ?pT_p_ N Q9A ,L.B ,Qa= jO - 67
.37 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G - 68
.247 ,
[ >Qg_G yE ?crcQiDG ?p9rD_G u_9Tl ,dT: jO ,jQc_aC - 69
.69 -68 [ [ ,A9ltJ_Ga A9=aFG B9r=a ,cG_G H=G - 70
.118 [ ,A9ltJ_G Q9=M.= A9l_g_G Q9=ME ,HTJ_G a=C ,dapr_G - 71
[ ,1 L ,A9=aFG B9r=a v A9=FFG Hacf ,U9=g_G a=C ,?g=cZC d=C H=G - 72
.184
.55 ,
[ mlFG B9r=a ,dT_OFFG ,Of9Z - 73
Madkour (Ibrahim): L'organon d 'Aristote dans le monde arabe, p 17. - 75
.42 [ ,d=Qg_G aJF_Ga aaTQC saFl ,mcJGQ=E ,QatOl - 76
Madkour (Ibrahim): L'organon d 'Aristote dans le monde arabe, p 17. - 77
k
,?g=cZC d=C H=G :9]cC QdFGa ,49 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ*G G ,dT_OFFG ,Of9Z - 78
.341 [ ,3 L ,s=9T_G QOZ*G ,U9=g_G a=C
77
.30 ,
[ ?caJF_G UQGO*G ,draW ,qc] - 79
,1926 ?FT 67 [ ,2 OOf ,Islamica ucl;TE ?_G* \_ c9rl v u_Pa - 80
.5 Xl9J ,67 [ ,d=Qg_G aJF_G caZC :QAQ9t L.m :QdFG
.94[ ,?caj__G B9TGQO_G ,{TJ ,

OlJl {T9 c cB - 81
.134 [ ,1 L ,b]AQ*G w9lC ,xf ,b]AQ*G - 82
.49 ,
[ {caj__Ga {caJF_G B9r=a Qt= , a=C ,jOc=R_G - 83
.105 ,
[ hpr*G H=G yE ?=aTF*G ?c_9aaTQFG mGG~_G ,ca9= ,UaGQt - 84
.309 [ BTQKp_G, ,LQp_G a=C ,mcOF_G :QdFG - 85
.9KTpF ?JpZ_ G ,s=9T_G QOZ* G ,ca9= ,UaGQt - 86
.106 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G - 87
.303 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G ,LQp_G a=C ,mcOF_G H=G - 88
.3 Xl9 J ,105 [ s=9T_ QOZ* , G G ,ca9= ,UaGQt - 89
.118 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G - 90
.305 ,
.132 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G - 92
.9KTpF ?JpZ_ G ,s=9T_G G - 93
QOZ*
.HGacJ_G ,H9lDf a=C ,eJ9G_G - 94

.106 [ s=9T_ QOZ* , G G ,ca9= ,UaGQt - 95
.111 ,
.167 ,
[ ma_g_G KcA9pl OlJl , ,dlRQGaM_G - 97
.107[ ,s=9T_G QOZ* G ,ca9= ,UaGQt - 98
.309 ,
.106 [ s=9T_ QOZ* , G G ,ca9= ,UaGQt - 100
.108[ ,s=9T_G QOZ* G - 101
78
.106 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G - 102
.113 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G - 103
.106 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G - 104
.112 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G - 105
.107 [ ,s=9T_G QOZ*G - 106
k
yE GO9FATG 1975 ?FT Ia9=r HcO_G QMp \rrJ jP_G >9At_G u_P ?_DlC Hla - 107
9KAcF9D va ,"aJF_G v clG_G >9At" 9J:aC v >9At_G HGaFf :NTF E;D
H9AMTF_G >TFAa .">GQfDG clG >9At" 9KAD_9D va ">ZF_G gaGa"

,?=TF_G gPK= ?cF9D_G ?aaaM*G harA :a OlJC H= cc_M_G yE ?D_9D_Ga yaFG
aJ ccra OlJC H= cc_M[cG]\p_C >ZF_G gaGa >9At":9Kcp A9G Orp
,1987 ?FT >9At_G GPJ UQ9p R89p QWF Ora ,"|rW H=G ...qcFZA
yE >9At_G ?=TF HJaa ,">ZF_G gaGa :zJ*G" aJa >9At_G HGaFf srJa
[ ,s=9T_G QOZ*G :srJ*G ?lOrl QdFG( |rW H=G yE \A=TF OcCa cc_M_G
.)113
Cf.Troupeau (GeÂrard): La logique d' Ibnal - Muqaffes et les origins - 108
de la grammaire arabe, p 244
.167 ,
[ ma_g_G KcA9pl OlJl , ,dlRQGaM_G - 109
.15 [ c_M_G, M;ZE ,OcT_G H=G ,dTac_a=_G - 110
.151 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G ,ca9= ,UaGQt - 111
,?j__Ga F
sa *9= d=Qg_G aJF_G ?r;f c J Qa a GaM ,QO9r_G O=f ,j|K*G - 112
.28 [
Troupeau (GeÂrard): Lexique-Index, p 15. - 113
Cf. Pellat (Charles) le mieleiu basirien et la formatoion de Gahid, p - 114
130,n 5.
k
.27 , G
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G ,QO9r_G O=f ,j|K*G 9] cC FGa
Qd

79
.12 [ ,1 L ,AGQgW_G caJp B9r=a ,m;T H= OlJl ,dJlG_G - 115

.31 ,
[ {caJF_G >AGQl > a_ , c G a=C ,jaj__G - 116
.55 [a ,47 [a ,31 [ ,{caj__Ga {caJF_G B9r=a ,Qt= a=C ,jOc=R_G - 117
.9KTpF ?JpZ_ G ,s=9T_G QOZ* G ,QO9r_G O=f ,j|K*G - 118
.48 [ ,aJF_G c_f v M9]cDG ,mT9r_G a=C ,dG9GR_G - 119
.181 [ ,2 L ,I9fa_G ?cj= ,HcO_G c ;G ,daacT_G - 120
.112 ,
[ B9T=9r*G ,H9cJ a=C ,jOcJaA_G - 121
.35 ,
[ HK=*G KAp_ , G a=C ,dFG H=G - 124
.29 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G ,QO9r_G O=f ,j|K*G Qd FG - 125
.9KTpF ?JpZ_ G ,s=9T_G QOZ* G ,HcO_G c ;G ,daacT_G - 126
Elamarani-Jamel (Abdelali): Logique aristotalicienne et grammaire - 127
arabe, p 26.
Merx (Adelbert): L'origine de la grammaire arabe, p18. - 128

Eamarani-Jamel (Abdelali): loc.cit. - 129
Id: loc.cit. - 130
Cf. Troupeau (geÂrard): La logique d'ibn al-Muqaffa et les origines - 131
de la grammaire arabe. P p 245-246.
k
,d=GQ9p_G 9]cC QdFGa ,169 [ ,ma_g_G KcA9pl ,OlJl ,dlRQGaM_G - 132
OWQ H=Ga ,42-41 [ [ ,saF*G v ?_lgAT*G e9p_FG ,QZFa=C
.61 [ ,IQ9=g_G >9At [cM_A ,)Oc_a_G a=C(

.166 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G ,OlJl ,dlRQGaM_G - 133
.273 [ ,2 L ,m;TDG bJ] ,OlJC ,{lC gQtP - 134
80
.47 ,
[ B9cF9T__G Ual9r m;T_ O=f , G ,jOT*G - 135
.43 ,
[ saF*G v ?_lgAT*G e9p_FG >9At QZ , F a=C ,d=GQ9p_G - 136
[cM_A ,Oc_a_G a=C ,OWQ H=G :QdFGa ,100 [ ,IQ9=g_G >9At ,aaTQC - 138
.59 [ ,IQ9=g_G >9At
.12 [ ,1 L ,>9At_G ,\ca=cT - 139
.101 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G ,aaTQC - 140
.14 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G ,\ca=cT - 141
.9KTpF ?JpZ_ G ,s=9T_G QOZ* G ,aaTQC - 142
Hl 9lJa LGQT_G H=G Qt= a=Ca L9GR_G s9JTE a=C OJ_G GPK= s_gA Hlla - 143
\FC 92 [ ,"d=J9Z_G" >9At v UQ9p H=G QtP Orp ,mT9r_G d=C IPA9TC
|i bFgl zf cGO maKpl harl BaZ :c9rp mT:G OJ Hf L9GR_G c8T"
v ?cp;M c89Tl" v j}tg_G A9r=_G a=C QtPa ."H9tl :a H9lR zf cGO
ep_ ct aJ" :\AQaZ gPJa ,mT:G LGQT_G H=G OJ 42 -41 [ ,"aJF_G
."cZJl H9lR= H~rl |i \TpF v bFgl zf cO

.48 [ ,aJF_G c_f v M9]cDG ,mT9r_G a=C ,dG9GR_G - 144
.101 [ ,IQ9=g_G >9At ,aaTQC - 145
.12 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G ,\ca=cT - 146
.108[ ,s=9T_G QOZ* G ,aaTQC - 147
.63 [ ,IQ9=g_G >9At [cM_A ,Oc_a_G a=C ,OWQ H=G - 148
,IQ9=g_G >9At MQW ,QZF a=C ,d=GQ9p_Ga ,64 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G :QdFG - 149
.36 [
.69 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G ,Oc_a_G a=C ,OWQ H=G - 150
.9KTpF ?JpZ_ G ,s=9T_G QOZ* G ,QZF a=C ,d=GQ9p_G - 151
.102-101 [ ,IQ9=g_G >9At ,aaTQC - 152
81
.9KTpF ?JpZ_ G ,s=9T_G QOZ* G ,QZF a=C ,d=GQ9p_G - 153

H=Ga ,41 [ ,saF*G v ?_lgAT*G e9p_FG ,QZF a=C ,d=GQ9p_G :QdFG - 154
.61 [ ,s=9T_G QOZ*G ,Oc_a_G a=C ,OWQ
.17 [ ,3 L ,A9pW_G ,xf a=C ,9FcT H=G - 155
Qd FGa ,13 Xl9 J ,113 [ ,?_lG_G yE ?l_t_G Hl ,QO9r_G O=f ,j|K*G - 156
k
a
c ZF ?lOrl :\ca=cT ?_9TQ v B9dJ;l )qZF*G( QaW9f 9]cC
.554 [ ,?cQdF_G aJF_G
.56 [ ,jaO= HlJQ_G c ,
O=f > QgA QgW_G Hp ,aaTQC - 157
.12 [ ,1 L ,>9At_G ,\ca=cT - 158
s_gA c 9l v - QdFGa ,5 ,
[ ?claQGFG ,dFcR OlJC ,H;JO - 159
HAl MQW
,aJF_G c_f v M9]cDG ,mT9r_G a=C ,dG9GR_G :- qaQJ_G >Q].=

.54 [
.9KTpF ?JpZ_ G ,s=9T_G QOZ*G - 160
.17 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G - 161
.13 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G - 162
.215 [ ,2 L ,s=9T_G QOZ*G - 163
.231 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G - 164
.309 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G - 165
.31 [ c_M_G , M;ZE ,OcT_G H=G ,dTac_a=_G - 166
.52 [ ,1 L :\ca=cT >9At MQW ,OcgT a=C ,vG|T_G - 167
.95 [ ?j__G , \rp v d=J9Z_G ,OlJC ,UQ9p H=G - 168
.100 [ ,d=Qg_G jaj__G Qtp_G v ?cF9Fac QZ9Ff ,Uct ,kcATQcp - 169
.12 [ ,1 L ,s=9T_G QOZ* G ,\ca=cT - 170
.15 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G - 171
82

.17 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G - 173
.90 -89 ,
[ w9lFG mT9r_ , G a=C ,dG9GR_G - 174
.53 Xl9 J ,9KTpF ?JpZ_ G ,s=9T_G QOZ* G ,Uct ,kcATQcp :QdFG - 175
Merx(Adelbert) L' origine de la grammaire arabe, p 19. - 176
.31 , G
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G ,OcT_G H=G ,dTac_a=_G - 177
Cf. Troupeau(GeÂrard): la logique d'lbn al - Muqaffa, p 247. - 179
Cf. Id: Lexique - Index p 60- 61. - 180
.283 ,
[ ?c=Qg_G m_f v cZp*G ,\__G Q9G ,jQWMlR_G - 181
Merx (Adeldert): Op.cit, p 18. - 182
q
?_:O aJa - maKp*G GPJ HC yE )macr ucQA9= H9G( dTFQp_G sQWAT*G >JPc - 183
h=GQ_G HQr_G bTGaC v :E I9JF_G OFf QKdc m_ - g|i v bFgl zf qQJ_G
,(le discourse tout entire et nom, verbe et particule,p28 ) :QdFG ,jQGK_G

c9r"[F_G GPJ OGF "dTac_a=__ c_M_G M;ZE"v ,u_P c=r QKd \FC sJ_Ga
.29[ ,"AdW yE AdW ?_Za \F.= qQJ_G zf cOATc" :Oc_a_G H= OlJl

,dTac_a=_G :QdFGa ,52[ ,1L ,\ca=cT >9At MQW ,OcgT a=C ,vG|T_G - 184
.31[ ,c_M_G M;ZE ,OcT_G H=G
.44[ ,aJF_G c_f v M9]cDG ,mT9r_G a=C ,dG9GR_G - 185
Merx(Adelbert):op.cit,p15 - 186
Id:op.cit,p14 - 187
.37Xl9J ,470[ ,d=Qg_G aJF_G caZC ,L ,m ,QAQ9t - 188
.456[ ,s=9T_G QOZ*G - 189
H=G mJaC Ora ,2[ ,8L ,2Hl ,cZp*G MQW ,HcO_G spal ,Xcgc H=G - 190
k k
d=C Hf - O9tc aC - 9cpQJ ;rF \_rF \FC sJ_Ga ,gO9rAFG Hl u_P HC Xcgc
83
a MQWc aJa ,130[ ,1L ,h=A*G v c9r Orp )616B( j}tg_G A9r=_G
c r
?dp_ Hl yaC )cOc( ?dp_ HE" :g|i v bFg* A9G 9l qQJ_Ga :dFG H=G
?_f {=A "g|j_ A9G 9la"a ,\ArcrJ Hf qW9t AdW_G zf cGO_G HF ;A9G
."g|i AdW_G ?_fa ,\= AdG*G

.13[ ,1L ,>9At_G ,\ca=cT - 191
cf. Elamrani jamel,logique,p123. - 192
Merx (Adelbert):op,cit,p22. - 193
:QdFGa .199-198 [ ,?lcOr_G ?c=Qg_G ?lG~_G ,?=9aM_G ,aaTQC QdFG - 194
.125[ ,d=Qg_G jaj__G Qtp_G v ?cF9Fac QZ9Ff ,Uct ,kcATQcp
.\ca=cT >9At Aa] v d=Qg_G aJF_G I.WF ,QGQG ,a=aQA :QdFG - 195
cf.potier(Bernard) les langues du monde,p244. - 196
.25[ ,?j__Ga saF*9= d=Qg_G aJF_G ?r;f caJ QaGaM ,QO9r_GO=f ,j|K*G - 197
.88[ ,?j__G m_f NcQ9A ,LQaG ,{Fal - 198
Madkour (ibrahim):l'organon d'aristote dans le monde arabe,p18 - 199
s9JT E H= {FJ_ HC mcOF_G H=G QtP Ora ,9KTpF ?JpZ_G ,s=9T_G QOZ*G - 200
.)353[ ,BTQKp_G( {cF9Fac_G >JGPl zf >GQfDG m9tJC >9At
56[ ,d=Qg_G jaj__G Qtp_G v ?cF9Fac QZ9Ff ,Uct ,kcATQcp - 201
.56[ ,s=9T_G G - 202
QOZ*
.58[ ,s=9T_G G - 203

QOZ*

QOZ*

QOZ*
.94[ ,s=9T_G G - 206

QOZ*
.32[ ,s=9T_G G - 207

QOZ*
.53[ ,s=9T_G G - 208

QOZ*

84
.114[ ,s=9T_G G - 209

QOZ*
.32[ ,s=9T_G G - 210

QOZ*
.9KTpF ?JpZ_ Ga ,s=9T_G G - 211

QOZ*
.62[ ,s=9T_G G - 212

QOZ*
.35[ ,s=9T_G G - 213

QOZ*
.45[ ,aJF_G c_f v M9]cDG ,mT9r_G a=C ,dG9GR_G :QdFG - 214

.262-261-222 ,
[ B9T=9r*G ,H9cJ a=C ,jOcJaA_G :QdFG - 215
.76[ ,1L ,?TFGC*Ga Y9AlDG ,H9cJ a=C ,jOcJaA_G :QdFG - 216
.9JOg= 9la 16[ ,?j__G \rp v d=J9Z_G ,OlJC ,UQ9p H=G :QdFG - 217
.88[ ,?j__G m_f NcQ9A ,LQaG ,{Fal :QdFG - 218
.42[ ,saF*G v ?_lgAT*G e9p_FG ,QZF a=C ,d=GQ9p_G - 219
Madkour(ibrahim);l'organon d'aristote dans le monde,p18. - 220
.445[ ,d=Qg_G aJF_G caZC ,L.m ,QAQ9t - 221
.31[ ,d=Qg_G jaj__G Qtp_G v ?cF9Fac QZ9Ff ,Uct ,kcATQp - 222
.63-62 ,
[ s=9T_ QOZ* G G - 223
.36[ ,s=9T_G G - 224
QOZ*
.443[ ,d=Qg_G aJF_G caZC ,L.m ,QAQ9t - 225

.451.[ ,s=9T_G G - 226
QOZ*
.135[ ,\ca=cT >9At Aa] v d=Qg_G aJF_G I.WF ,QGQG ,a=aQA - 227
.135[ ,s=9T_G G - 228
QOZ*
.138[ ,s=9T_G G - 229

QOZ*
.453[ ,s=9T_G QOZ* G ,L.m ,QAQ9t - 230

.303[ ,s=9T_G QOZ* G ,Uct ,kcATQcp - 231
QOZ*

85
l4Çd*Çè ÑÏUB*Ç
:?lcOr_G QO9Z*G - 1
:?c=Qg_G ?lcOr_G QO9Z*G - 1 - 1
,HTJ qT ac clf ,?cp9t_G zf ,HcO_G d]Q ,jP9=G~TFG - 1

d]Q_G MQW
.1973 ,jR9jF= ,UFacQ9r ?gl9G BGQaWFl

G ,4
QO b ,A9=aFG B9r=a v A9=FFG Hacf ,HcO_G a ,?g=cZC d=C H=G - 2
sp l
.1987 ,Ba|= ,?p9rD_G

:B9t}_G a=C ,jQ9=FFG - 3
.1999 ,Ba|= ,1 b O = ,aJ qT ac c ,c
B9tQ= s rJA ? =Qg_ Q QT G G C-
G ,OclJ_G
QO O=f HcO_G dcJl OlJl s rJA c ,q;M_G c89Tl v q9Z FDG -
.B .O ,?lQt*G , c a Ga
?tl h R A_ F
QW __ R9=_ G
G ,1
QO b m , cJGQ=E c]p_ G d=C OlJl s rJA c ,A9=OFG B9r=a v A9=FFG ?JRF -
.1967 ,IQJ9r_G ,QWF_Ga h=a__ QZl ?] KF
c
s rJA ,dG9GR__ clG_G v hrGa_G c_M_G M;ZE ,\__G O=f ,dTac_a=_G - 4
.1979 ,^9cQ_G ,NcQ*G QGO ,1 b ,dFQWF_G \__G O=f IRlJ
,HaQ9J OlJl m;T_ G O=f s rJA c ,>OFG ?FGRM ,QO9r_G O=f ,jOGOj=_G - 5
.1986-1967 ,IQJ9r_G
aC crg_G v ?_a=rl ?_arl Hl ,H9JcQ_G a=C ,dFa|=_G - 6
OFK__ 9l scrJA v
,OFK_G ,HtO_G O9=B QOcJ ,?cF9lDg_G qQ9g*G IQ8GO U_Gl ?g=al ,2 b ,?_aPQl
.1958
:H9cJ a=C ,jOcJaA_G - 7
a
B |= ,I9cJ_G ?=Atl Q OG ,HcR_G OlJ Ca C C c
{l OlJ s rJA ?T C* , FG Ga Y9AlDG -
.B.O
86
.1989 ,Ba|= ,>GO6G QGO ,2 , ca c

b {TJ s p A s rJA B9T=9r* , G-
.vJ1369 ,IQJ9r_G ,1 ,
b mcrAT*G bGQZ_G ,HcO_G drA ,?clcA H=G - 8
,HaQ9J OlJl m;T_ G O=f s rJAc ,HGacJ_G >9At ,H9lDf a=C ,eJ9G_G - 9
.1965 ,IQJ9r_G
.1955 ,IQJ9r_G ,1 b ,A9ltJ_Ga A9=aFG B9r=a ,OaGO a=C ,cG_G H=G - 10
:H9lDf ,dFG H=G - 11
,QWF_Ga ?f9=a__ iOK_G QGO ,2 b ,Q9GF_G mc_J_G c
O=f s rJA ,[89ZM_G -
.B.O ,Ba|=
.1985 ,sWlO ,m_g_G QGO ,1 b ,jaGOFJ HTJ scrJA ,>GQfDG ?f9FZ QT -
?] KF_G ?=Atl a >At_ G m_9 f ,2 b ,HlC*G c

Ol9J s rJA ,?c=Qg_G v hl__G-
.1985 ,Ba|= ,?c=Qg_G
,sWlO ,dr~_G ?g=al ,?T9lJ_G HGacO AGQgW A9lTC |TpA v H =* K G-

.vJ1348
,Qt9W a
OlJl O lJl s rJA c ,AGQgW_G caJp B9r=a ,m;T H=G ,dJlG_G - 12
.1974 ,IQJ9r_G dFO*G ?g=al ,2 b
jOKla d8GQl9T_G mcJGQ=E scrJA ,{g_G >9At ,HlJQ_G O=f a=C ,cc_M_G - 13
.1988 ,Ba|= ,B9fa=al__ dl_fFG ?TTCl ,1 b ,dlaRM*G
G ,1
QO b ,jQ9c=FG mcJGQ=E c
s r JA ,ma_g_G KcA9pl ,OlJl ,dlRQGaM_G - 14
.1984 ,Ba|= ,d=Qg_G >9At_G
c a
? l QGF G HAl zf H;JO dFcR OlJC OcT_G MQW ,dFcR OlJC ,H;JO QQtl - 15
.B.O .Ba|= ?c=gW_G ?=At*G ,?c=Qg_G m_f v
,1 b ,mT9r OalJl scrJA ,IQ9=g_G >9At [cM_A ,Oc_a_G a=C ,OWQ H=G - 16
.1981 ,IQJ9r_G ,>9At__ ?l9g_G ?cQZ*G ?8cK_G
87
c]p_ G d=C OlJl s rJA c ,{caj__Ga {caJF_G B9r=a ,Qt= a=C ,jOc=R_G - 17
.1984 ,IQJ9r_G qQ9g*G QGO ,2 b ,mcJGQ=E
:mT9r_G a=C ,dG9GR_G - 18
.1925 ,IQJ9r_G ,?cOalJ*G ?g=a* G ,2 ,
b w9lF G-
,Ba|= ,U89pF_G QGO ,2 b ,uQ9=*G HR9l scrJA ,aJF_G c_f v M9]cDG -

.1973
G a ?_9TQ_G ?TTCl ,1 b ,OlJ_G scpaA xf scrJA ,aJF_G v clG_G >9At -

QO
.1984 ,H9lfa Ba|= ,clFG

HcO_G QO= OlJl s rJA c ,?c=Qg_G m_f v cZp*G ,\__G Q9G ,jQWMlR_G - 19
.B.O ,Ba|= ,ccG_G QGO ,dF9TgF_G
,1b ,xAp_G {TJ_ G O=f scrJA ,aJF_G v caZFG ,Qt= a=C ,LGQT_G H=G - 20
.1973 ,OGOj== dldfFG ?g=ala qGF_9= H9lgF_G ?g=al
,ccG_G QGO ,1 b ,HaQ9J G
OlJl m;T_ O=f s rJA c ,\ca=cT >9At ,\ca=cT - 21
.1991 ,Ba|=
:OcgT a=C ,vG|T_G - 22
,m9ZAf:G QGO ,1 b 9 =_ m, F G cJGQ=E c

OlJl s rJA { QZ=_ { , c G caJF_G Q9=MC-
.1985 ,IQJ9r_G
dlKp OalJla >GaA_G O=f H9]lQ c

s r JA ,1L ,\ca=cT >9At MQW -
,>9At__ ?l9g_ G ?cQZ*G ?8 cK_G ,1 b ,m8GO_G O=f mW9 J OlJl a jR9GJ
c
? QZ* G ?8cK_G ,1 b ,>GaA_G O=f H9]lQ scrJA ,2 L ,1986 ,IQJ9r_G
.1990 ,IQJ9r_G ,>9At__ G
?l9g_
,QatOl mcJGQ=Ea j|]M_G OalJl scrJA ,A9pW_G >9At ,xf a=C ,9FcT H=G - 23
.1970 ,IQJ9r_G
88
:HcO_G c ;G ,daacT_G - 24
,HtO_G B c , cF9lDg_G
O9= O J ? qQ9g* G IQ8GO ,1 b ,aJF_G v Q89d _ F Ga g9=WFG -
.vJ1359
,mcJGQ=E c]p_ G d=C OlJl s rJA c ,I9JF_Ga { caj__G B9r=a v I9fa_G ?cj= -
.B.O ,Ba|= ,?cQZg_G ?=At* G
G ,dF9TgF_G HcO_G
QO QO= s rJAc ,hlGaG_G hlG MQW v hl GaK_G hl J-
.B.O ,Ba|= ,?pQg*G
,Ba|= ,1 ,
b UQ9p R89p s rJA >ZF_G : c , gaGa :zJ*G ,OlJC ,|rW H=G - 25
.1987
.1912 ,Ba|= ,1 b ,aMcW U ca_ scrJA ,mlFG B9r=a ,dT_OFFG ,Of9Z - 26
G ,2
QO b ,dFGa_J_G c
|M OlJl s rJA ?cp;M c89Tl , ,A9r=_G a=C ,j}tg_G - 27
.B.O ,sWlO ,EG~__ Hal.*G
G ,2
QO b m , cJGQ=E c]p_ G d=C scrJA ,{caJF_G >AGQl ,>ca_G a=C ,jaj__G - 28
.1974 ,IQJ9r_G ,QWF_Ga h=a__ QZl ?]KF
:QZF a=C ,d=GQ9p_G - 29
a W KUTSCH v cv v v ,IQ9v =v gv _G
s rJA v c v
U _9 a av av TQC vv
>9 A t MQv W -
.1960 ,Ba|= ,1 b S.MARROW
?g=a* G ,1 b ,jOKl HTJl scrJA ,saF*G v ?_lgAT* G e9p_F G >9At -

.1968 ,Ba|= ,?ctc_aD9t_G
?=Atl ,1 ,
b QrZ OlJ s rJA ?j__G C c , \rp v ,OlJC ,UQ9p H=G - 30
d=J9Z_G
.1977 ,IQJ9r_G ,d=a_G d=9=_G

OlJl OlJ C Qa9W_ G OlJl s rJA c ,?cQtTg_G c89T*G ,xf a=C ,dTQ9p_G - 31
.1982 ,IQJ9r_G ,dFO*G ?g=al ,1 b ,OlJC
89
,IO9gT_G ?g=al ,A9ltJ_G Q9=M.= A9l_g_G Q9=ME ,HcO_G c9lG ,dapr_G - 32

.vJ1326 ,IQJ9r_G
,>At_G , c G
m_9f ?l df s_9M_ O=f OlJl s rJA >]Ar*G U9=g_ c , , G a=C ,O}*G - 33
.B.O ,Ba|=
,1 b ,mcJGQ=E c]p_ G d=C OlJl s rJA c ,b]AQ*G w9lC ,xf ,b]AQ*G - 34
.1954 ,IQJ9r_G
,IRc*G QGO ,3b ,OOGA 9]Q :scrJA ,BTQKp_G ,LQp_G a=C ,mcOF_G QQtl - 35
.1988 ,Ba|=
.B.O ,Ba|= ,>At_G m_9f cZp*G , MQW ,HcO_G a , c c H=G - 36
sp l X g
:?=Qg*G ?lcOr_G QO9Z*G - 2- 1
:aaTQC - 37
?_9t a ,jaO= HlJQ_G O=f s rJAc ,?lcOr_G ?c=Qg_G ?l G ~ _G ,?=9aM_G -
.1979 ,Ba|= ,m_r_G QGOa Bcat_9= a
B9f =a* G
,jaO= HlJQ_G O=f \ZaZF srJa \JQWa ?cF9Fac_G Hf \lGQA ,QgW_G Hp -
.1973 ,Ba|= ,?p9rD_G QGO ,2 b
c
s rJA ,d89Fr_G UFac H= bAl QW= d=C crF ,QgW_G v Uc_9a aaTQC >9At -
.1973 ,Ba|= ,?p9rD_G QGO ,2 b ,jaO= HlJQ_G O=f
c
s rJA ,1 Hl ,aaTQC sa l F Hl] ,{FJ H= s9JT crE F ,IQ9=g_G >9At -
,Ba|== m_r_ G QGOa B cat_9= B9f =a* a G ?_9t a -1 b ,jaO= HlJQ_GO=f
.1980
:?c=Qg_G |j= ?lcOr_G QO9Z*G - 3 - 1
38 - Aristote: PoeÂtique, ed.et trad. J. Hardy,Paris,1967.
39 - Panini: La Grammaire de Panini, trad. Louis. renou, Paris, 1948.
40 - Trace (Dioysos de-) Grammaire ... eÂd.et trad. M. Gabriel, Paris,

1830.

90
:?DcOJ_G hGGQ*G - 2
:?c=Qg_G ?DcOJ_G hGGQ*G - 1 - 2
HQr_G ?c9KF yE >Qg_G OFf ?caj__G B9TGQO_G ,{TJ OlJl ,{T9c cB - 41

.1980 ,Ba|= ,I9cJ_G ?=Atl QGO ,1 b ,E_9D_G
.B .O ,Ba|= ,d=Qg_G G G ,5
>9At_ Q O ,
b m;TDG bJ] ,OlJC ,{lC - 42
hlGl ?_Gl ,\ca=cT >9At Aa] v d=Qg_G aJF_G I.WF ,QG|G ,a=aQA - 43
.138-125 [ ,1978 H9lf ,1 Hl ,dFOQFG ?c=Qg_G ?j__G
G G cv
> O6 ? _ t ?_Gl ,aaTQC saFla d=Qg_G aJF_G ,HlJQ_GO=f ,K_9Z L9J_G - 44
.86-67 [ ,1964 ,Q8GRG_G ,1 Y ,)Q8GRvG_G ?gl9G(
a_GFFG ,2 b ,9KArcQaa 9KAO9l :?caJF_G OfGar_G ,OclJ_GO=f ,HTJ - 45
.1953 ,IQJ9r_G ,?cQZ*G
,m;t_G mcTvrA v d=Qg_G aJF_Ga aaTQC draFl {= ,|M OlJl ,dFGa_J_G - 46
.26-19 [ ,1980 ,OGOj= ,1 Y ,9 Hl ,OQa*G ?_Gl
?gl9G_G ,aJF_G [aZF_ ?craF*G IAGQr_G v ,HTJ ,IRlJ - 47
B9c_aJ
.581-561 [ ,2002 ,UFaA ,?=aFl ?gl9G ,>GO6G ?c_t ,46 Y ,?cTFaA_G

G ,1b ,HKF*G
QO ,
v EJ= EcOJ_G UQO_Ga d=Qg_G aJF_G ,gO=f ,dJGGQ_G - 48
.1976 ,Ba|= ,?c=Qg_G ?]KF_G
,Ba|= ,I9cJ_G G ,2b ,?c=Qg_G
?=Atl Q O ?j__G >GOB NcQ9A ,dGQG ,HGOcR - 49
.1978
,?pcda_Ga ctW_G EcJ Hl d=Qg_G m;t_G m9TrC c]9p ,bpaZl ,dr9T_G - 50
.1977 ,IQJ9r_G ,dGF9M_G ?=Atl ,1 b
,Ba|= ,?_9TQ_G ?TTCl ,2 b ,jaj__G QaaA_G v ,Qa=Z_G O=f ,{J9W - 51
.1985
.1968 ,IQJ9r_G ,qQ9g*G QGO ,1b ,?caJF_G UQGO*G ,draW ,qc] - 52
91
:qZF*G ,QaW9f - 53
m9lA_ G {= ? lT: c G a
?_ rl v EJ= :jaJF_G |tpA_ G v mT: G IQJ9d -
.1999 ,UFaA ,?=aFl ,>GO6G ?c_t BGQaWFl ,1 b ,H9ZrF_Ga
G
?gl9G_ B9 _ J ? Qd _c a : c F G aJF_G caZF ?lOrl :\=a=cT ?_9TQ v B9dJ;l -
- 549 [ [ ,2002 ,UFaA ,?=aFl ?gl9G ,>GO6G ?c_t ,46 Y ,?cTFaA_G
.559
:Q9AMl OlJ C ,Qlf - 54
.1972 ,Ba|= ,?p9rD_G QGO ,1b ,OaFK_G OFf jaj__G EJ=_ G-
.1971 ,IQJ9r_G ,>Qg_G cGT h=9al ,1b ,>Qg_G OFf jaj__G EJ=_ G-
?g=al ,1b ,?FQ9rla ?c_c_JAa ?cMcQ9A B9TGQO :aJF_Ga ?j__G ,HTJ ,Haf - 55
.1952 ,?cQOFtTDG ,c9caQ
,?c=Qg_G G
?j__ hlGl ?_Gl ,d=Qg_G aJF_Ga aaTQC , cJGQ=E ,QatOl - 56
saFl m
.346-338 [ ,1953 ,IQJ9r_G ,7Y

:QO9r_G O=f ,j|K*G - 57
,?cTFaA_G ?gl9G_G B9c_aJ ,?j__Ga saF*9= d=Qg_G aJF_G ?r;f caJ QaGaM -
.36-21 [ ,1973 U FaA .10 Y
.1993 ,Ba|= ,dl;TDG >Qj_G QGO ,1b ,d=Qvg_G jaj__G EG~_G v BGQvdF -
O=f H= mcQt_G O=f ?TTCl ,1b ,I9JF_G HKFl v EJ= :?_lG_G yE ?l_t_G Hl -
.1998 ,UFaA ,\__G
,1b ,?c=Qg_G O;=_Ga OFK_G {= B;Z_G NcQ9A ,ccf9lTE OlJl ,jaOF_G - 58
.B.O ,Ba|=
.1977 ,Ba|= ,1b ,\=a=cT OJGaW UQKp ,>AGQ OlJ C ,N9pF_G - 59
92
:?=Qg*G ?DcOJ_G hGGQ*G - 2 - 2
,H9TJ c ,
m9lA > QgA >Qg_G yE ?cF9Fac_G ?p9rD_G u_9Tl ,dT;cO ,jQc_aC - 60
.1959 ,IQJ9r_G ,?cQZ*G a_GFFG ,1b
,\8;lRa v9pt OlJl >cQgA ,UQ9p "EGQA" Hl] ,UQp_G m;TE ,L ,HaGQ= - 61
.1959 ,IQJ9r_G
,4b ,Q9GF_G mc_J_G cv
O=f s rJA ,1L ,d=Qg_G >OFG NcQ9A ,cQ9t ,H9l_taQ= - 62
.1977 ,IQJ9r_G ,qQ9g*G QGO
d=C jO9K_G O=f OlJl > QgA c ,m;TDG v ?pT_p_G NcQ9A ,jO .L .B ,Qa= - 63
.1938 ,IQJ9r_G ,1b ,IOcQ
a
O lJl > QgA c ,d=Qg_G jaj__G Qtp_G v ?cF9Fac QZ9Ff ,Uct ,kcATQcp - 64
.2000 ,H9lf ,1b ,jQt9Ft
,XcFJ jO9K_G O=f >cQgA ,d=Qg_G aJF_G caZC ,L R m ,QAQ9t - 65
G
c9g_ O=f
{rQWAT*G ^g= 9JGQc 9lt dl;TDG Qtp_G 9c9]r Hl " >9At Hl]
-439 [ ,1988 ,U_=GQa ,?cl;TDG IafO_G ?c_t BGQaWFl ,)u~Wl(
.472
Hl] ,hpr*G H=G yE ?=aTF*G ?cTc_9aaTQFG mGG~_G ,ca9= ,UaGQt - 66
,"{rQWAT*G Q9=t_ B9TGQO" ,"?cl;TDG IQ9]J_G v dF9Fac_G EG~_G"
?_9ta ,jaO= HlJQ_G O=f ?c_9acDGa ?cF9*FG Hf 9KlGQAa 9KFc= q_C
.120-101 [ ,1980 ,Ba|== m_r_G QGOa Bcat_9= B9fa=a*G

,>9v v Avt__ ?v vcv=Qv g_G QGOv_G ,1b ,B9vvvvcF9vvvvvTv__G Uavvl9vvr ,m;v T_G Ov=f ,jOv Tv*G - 67
.1984 ,UFaA/9c=c_
:?c=Qg_G |j= ?DcOJ_G hGGQ*G - 3 - 2
68 - Arnaldes (Roger):
L'influence de la traduction d' Aristote sur l'evolution de la langue
arabe, Acte d u CongrEs de L'association Guillaume BudE, Lyon, 1958.
69 - Benveniste (Emile):
ProbleÂmes de linguistique geÂneÂrale, t 1, Gallimard, Paris, 1966.

93
70 - Brockelmann (Carl):
Geachichte der arabischen literature Bd I-II, Leiden 1943-1949.
71 - Brockelmann (Carl):
Supplement I-III, Leiden, 1937-1942.
72 - Carter (M.G)
Les origins de la grammaire arabe, traduit de l'anglais par y.
Moubarak, in Revue des Etudes Islamiques, R.E.I, txL, Paris,
1972, pp 69-97.
73 - Elamrani-Jamal (Abdelali):
Logique aristoteÂlicienne et Grammaire arabe (Etude et Documents
Librairie philosophique J. Vrin, Paris, 1983.
74 - Filliozat (Pierre Sylvain):

Grammaire sanscrite paninienne, Picard, Paris, 1988.
75 - Fleisch (Henri):
TraitE de Philologie arabe, Vol I, Imp. Catholique, Beyrouth, 1961.
76 - Geoor (khalil):
les categories d'Aristote dans leurs Versions syro-
arabes,Beyrouth,1948.
77 - Gibb (H.A.R):Arabic literature.oxford,1963.
78 - Guillaume (jean-patrick):
Le discours tout entier est nom,verbe et particule:elaboration et
constutition de la theorie des parties du discours dans la tradition
grammaticale arabe in langage 92,23 annee, paris, didier/ larousse,
1988,pp25-36.
79 - Lyons (John):
linguistique generale, larousse,paris,1970.
80 - Madkour (Ibrahim):
L'organon d'Aristote dans le monde arabe:ses traductions, son
etude et ses applications, librairie philosophique.j.yrin,paris,1969.
81 - manessy-Guitton (Jacqueline):
L'indoeuropeen,in Martinet (Andre)[Ed]: le langage,Encyclopedie
de la pleiade,Gallimard, paris,1968,pp 1240-1287.
82 - Mehiri (Abdelkader):
Les theories grammaticales d'Ibn Ginni, publication de l'universite de
Tunis,Tunis,1973.

94
83 - Mehiri(Abdelkader):
Les theories linguistiques arabe, in introduction a' la linguistique
moderne,Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Economique et Sociales,
Tunis,1973-1974.
84 - Merx (Adelbert):
L'origine de la grammaire arabe,Bulltin de L'Institut Egypsien, le
Caire,1891.
85 - Pottier (Bernard):
Les langues dans le monde,[Ed]le langage,C.E.P.L,Paris,1973,
pp226-249.
86 - Renou(Louis):
Terminologie grammaticale du sanscrit,paris,1976.
87 - Troupeau (Gerard):
Laxique-index du Kitabe de Sibawayh,Klincksieck, paris, 1976.
88 - Troupeau (Gerard):
La logique d'Ibn al Muqaffaa et les origines de la grammaire
arabe,fasc.2-3,1981,pp.242-250.
89 - Versteegh(C.H.M):
Greec elements in arabic linguistic thinking,leiden-Brill,,1977.
90 - Weiss(B):
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أصالة النشأة في النحو العربي

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أصالة النشأة في النحو العربي

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