WIRELESS MICROPHONE

Muhammad Alfadhil Syayuti

2011011003

INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING D4

STUDY PROGRAM
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING MAJOR PADANG STATE
POLYTECHNIC
2021/2022
 VALIDITY SHEET

Name : Muhammad Alfadhil Syayuti

NIM : 2011011003
Tittle : WIRELESS MICROPHONE
Supervisor : Nini Wahyuni, S.pd.,M.P
Date / Time : Sunday / 21st November 2021

Padang, December 2021

Supervisor 1

NiniWahyuni, S.pd.,M.Pd

Acknowledgments
 We give thanks to the presence of Allah SWT. who has given His grace and
guidance so that I can complete this "wireless microphone" project on time.

The purpose of writing this report is to fulfill assignments in English

courses. In addition, this report also aims to add insight into making wireless mics
in everyday life for readers and also for writers.

First of all, I would like to thank Mrs. Nini Wahyuni, S.pd., M.Pd as an
English Lecturer who has given this assignment so that I can add knowledge and
insight according to the field of study that I am pursuing..

Padang, December 2021

Muhammad Alfadhil Syayuti

ABSTRACT
 Wireless Microphone is a tool used to make it easier convey information at a
distance, so that communication can run well and smoothly. Transmission media
on a wireless microphone or wireless microphone is air with electromagnetic
waves. On This Final Report explains the working principle of the receiver circuit
wireless microphones. The working principle can be seen in the block diagram
receiver circuit, namely from the wireless microphone receiving antenna, tuned
control, demodulator, Local Oscillator, IF amplifier, detector, AF Amplifier and
speakers as sound output. In addition to a wireless microphone, this tool also
equipped with other supporting devices such as DVD, USB, Radio and Bluetooth
that goes into the selector so you can choose which device you want turned on.
From the measurement results, this tool can work well and can used as a medium
of entertainment, communication tools at ceremonies, seminars,exercise and
others.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

VALIDITY SHEET.....................................................................................................................................2
Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................................................3
ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................4
TABLE OF CONTENT...............................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................6
1.1 Background of the Research........................................................................................................6
1.2 Purpose of the Research...............................................................................................................6
1.3 Benefits........................................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER II Theorical Bacground.............................................................................................................8
CHAPTER III PROCEDURE.....................................................................................................................8
CHAPTER IV RESULT............................................................................................................................10
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION...............................................................................10
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................11
 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.2 Purpose of the Research

The purpose of an FM transmitter is to convert one or more input signals in the form of
audio frequency (AF) into modulated waves in an RF (Radio Frequency) signal which is
intended as power output which is then fed to the antenna system for transmission. In its simplest
form it can be separated into an FM modulator and an RF power amplifier in one unit. Actually
the FM transmitter consists of a series of subsystem blocks that have their own functions,
namely:
FM exciter converts audio signal into modulated RF frequency
Intermediate Power Amplifier (IPA) is required on some transmitters to increase the RF power
level to be able to handle the final stage
The Power Amplifier in the final stage increases the power of the signal as required by the
antenna system

The power supply converts the input power from an AC source into the DC or AC
voltage and current required by each subsystem
The Transmitter Control System monitors, protects and gives commands to each subsystem so
that they can work together and deliver the desired results
RF lowpass filter limits unwanted frequencies from transmitter output
Directional coupler indicating that power is being transmitted or received from the antenna
system
FM Exciter

The heart of an FM broadcast transmitter lies in its exciter. The function of the exciter is to
generate and modulate a carrier wave with one or more inputs (mono, stereo, SCA) according to
FCC standards. The modulated carrier wave is then amplified by the wideband amplifier to the
level required by the next level.

Direct FM is a modulation technique where the frequency of the oscillator can be changed
according to the voltage used. As with oscillators, the so-called voltage tuned oscillator (VTO)
was made possible by the development of a varactor tuning diode which can change the
capacitance according to changes in the reverse bias voltage (also called a voltage controlled
oscillator or VCO).

The frequency stability of the direct FM oscillator is not good enough, for that we need an
automatic frequency control system (AFC) that uses a stable crystal oscillator as the reference
frequency. The AFC component acts as a frequency regulator generated by the local oscillator to
be supplied to the mixer, so that the oscillator frequency becomes stable.
Microphone Booster with Dynamic Tone Level Compressor
In this design the transistor BC547C acts as an initial amplifier of 20 dB for the signal from the
microphone. The collector voltage sets the DC voltage level for the op-amp input to
approximately half the supply voltage.

The audio signal output from the op-amp is rectified by diodes D1 and D2 which supply positive
and negative capacitors C1 and C2, respectively. The voltage difference between C1 and C2
causes a discharge of charge that passes through R3, D3, D4, and R4. Capacitors C3 and C4 have
the dual function of reducing AC ripples from the current through D3 and D4 and providing
ground for the voltage divider consisting of R5 and the impedance of the diodes D3 and D4
(parallel). The impedance of the two diodes depends on the amount of discharge by the
capacitors C1 and C2 passing through these two diodes. The greater the current in the diode
circuit, the smaller the impedance, and the smaller the input voltage for the op-amp on the non-
inverting (positive) pin.

When the signal voltage at the input of the op-amp is small, the nonlinearity of the diodes creates
a small distortion of 2.5 V p-p at the output of the op-amp.

1.2 Purpose of the Research

The purpose of making a wireless microphone is so that the maker understands how it
works and understands how to make it, and so that it can be used in everyday life
1.3 Benefit
1. in order to understand how to make such as soldering and installing components
2. to understand how this tool works
3. to understand how to use this tool

CHAPTER II Theorical Bacground

2.1 Definition of wireless mic
Wireless microphones are microphones whose connections do not use cables. It transmits
its signal using a small FM radio transmitter which is connected to its receiver in a single sound
system. Wireless microphones are basically low power FM transmitters. Microphone without
cables or also called Wireless is an electronic circuit that functions to convert sound waves into
electrical waves and then emitted in the form of electromagnetic waves, these waves are then
captured by a receiver circuit which converts them into sound waves again (Effendi, 2006)

2.2 wireless mic working principle

Basically the working principle of a series of wireless equipment is the same, especially
wireless equipment that utilizes electromagnetic waves or radio waves as a connecting medium.
For a simple radio transmitter circuit we can group it into several parts. The first is that the input
signal or information signal to be sent usually has a low frequency range. Then the high
frequency wave generator section or oscillator will be used as a carrier signal. Next is the mixer
or mixer which functions to combine the information signal with the carrier signal which results
in the signal being a modulated signal. (Akbar, 2011: 1) The microphone will convert sound
waves into audio signals. This process is accomplished through a small, lightweight material
called the diaphragm. When sound vibrations through air reach the diaphragm, it causes the
diaphragm to vibrate. This vibration causes an electrical current to be output from the
microphone. Output from the microphone will be sent to the mixer, amplifier. In the microphone
there is an ON / OFF button, this button functions to activate and deactivate the microphone. The
ON position is to activate the microphone, so that the microphone can be used, while the OFF
position is to disable the microphone, so that the microphone cannot be used (not functioning).
Another part of the microphone is the output that will be connected to other audio equipment
such as tape recorders, audio mixers, and power amplifiers. Output connected to other audio
equipment can use a connecting cable or wireless (wireless)

CHAPTER III PROCEDURE

3.1. Tools and Materials

No Tool's Name Total

1. Transistor 2N2222 3
2. Capasitor non polar 47nF 4
3. Capasitor non polar 1nF 1
4. Capasitor non polar 10nF 1
5. Capasitor non polar 33pF 1
6. Capasitor non polar 10pF 1
7. Saklar 1
8. Trimpot 100kΩ 1
9. Resistor 10kΩ 1
10. Resistor 33kΩ 1
11. Resistor 12kΩ 1
12. Resistor 5,6kΩ 1
13. Resistor 2,2kΩ 1
14. Resistor 47kΩ 2
15. Resistor 470Ω 1
16. Resistor 180Ω 1
17. Inductor 1mH 1
3.2 Network Image

3.3 Work Steps

1) Create a wireless microphone circuit on the Eagle.
Schematic :
Board :

Adjust the size of the component according to the original so that when printed the size
is right.

2) Print the Wireless Microphone circuit that has been made on the Eagle.
3) The PCB that has been prepared is cleaned first with sandpaper under running water.
4) The printout of the Wireless Microphone circuit is heated above the PCB by ironing it
so that it sticks to the PCB.
5) If there is a path that is missing or slightly faded, it is thickened with an OPM/OPF
marker so that during the process of matching the path nothing is lost or problems occur.
6) The next process is etching process. Put the PCB in the etching liquid and shake the
case until the PCB is etched well.
7) Rinse the PCB with water to clean the PCB from etching liquid.
8) Apply the PCB with a lotfet so that when the PCB is tinted it is not difficult and the
tin does not clot.
9) Heat the soldering iron to the desired temperature.
10) PCB tinning.
 11) PCB drill to place components according to size
For component legs (resistors, capacitors, transistors) use a drill bit with a size of 0.8
and for a trimpot leg with a drill bit size of 1.
12) Assemble the components according to the circuit. Do not forget the polarity of a
component.
13) Solder the legs of the components that have been installed.
14) Cut the legs of the components that have been soldered so that they are neat.
15) Do a test run.

CHAPTER IV RESULT

4.1 TESTING

A. CIRCUIT TESTING (HARDWARE)

1. Measure the voltage of each DC amplifier of each transistor amplifier (Vb, Vc, and
Ve) with a Volt Meter.
2. Test with Receiver Radio
B. PENGUJIAN DENGAN SIMULASI MULTISIM
1. Buat Rangkaian di Multisim
2. Measure the voltage of each amplifier (Vb, Vc, and Ve)
3. Provide input with a function generator measure the voltage at the output of each
transistor using an oscilloscope
Note: Transistor 1 foot Base

Note: 1 pin emitter transistor

Note: transistor 2 feet Base

Note: transistor 2 emitter feet

Note: transistor 3 feet Base

Note: Transistor 3 feet Collector

 Note: Transistor 3 pin Emitter
4. Retest the circuit by referring to or looking at the video of the modulator and
demodulator circuit if modification of the circuit is needed

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

Conclusion

So, Wireless mic is a type of wireless microphone that works by using wireless frequencies.
Microphones have many advantages, including the user's movement is not limited by wires,
longer range, and of course shorter settings. Using radio waves to deliver signals in the form of
sound to the receiver. The transmitter on a wireless device works on radio frequencies. Not only
that, the transmitter antenna is also attached to the tail of the mic

Suggestion

So, my advice in making wireless microphones is to understand how it works and understand
what components are used in making and the most important thing is to pay attention to the
worksheet
 REFERENCES

https://www.goshen.co.id/detailberita/microphone-wireless
https://iprice.co.id/audio-hi-fi/microphone/nirkabel/
https://www.wikikomponen.com/prinsip-cara-kerja-mic-wireless-uhf-vhf-dan-fm/