ARAB ACADEMY FOR SCIENCE , TECHNOLOGY & MARITIME TRANSPORT

COLLEGE OF MARITIME TRANSPORT & TECHNOLOGY

Marine safety
BS 112
Week one
introduction
Prepared By
Seamanship Team

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 Purpose of course

• Operation of life saving appliances (week 1 to 7)

• Applying medical first aid on board ship (week 9 to 11)

• Prevention, control & fighting fire on board (week 12

to 15)

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United Nations

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IMO – specialised UN agency
Adopted Geneva 1948
Entered into force 1958
First IMO meeting 1959
Shipping – international
Underpins(to act as a support or foundation for something) world trade
Assets move between jurisdiction
Universally applicable standards
Mid – 19th Century
1863 rules of the road – adopted by more than 30 countries
1912 – Titanic disaster*
1914 – First SOLAS Convention adopted*
construction of ships*
listening watch*
lifeboats and lifejackets*

Revised and updated – still in force today *

98% of world fleet*
 *
177Member States *
All major ship owning nations *
All major coastal states *
IGOs and NGOs *
 *Council
*Assembly
*Committees:
1-1Maritime Safety
2-Marine Environment Protection

3-Legal
4-Facilitation

5-Technical Co-operation
*
*
• Titanic 1912

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Purpose of course

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 Week one

Introduction

* Definitions

* Emergency situations

* Muster station ( Point )

* Muster list

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 SOLAS
Safety Of Life At Sea
Is The International Convention
for the Safety of Life at Sea1974
with several amendments .
That came into force on 25
May1980.
The main aim for this convention
is the safety of ships and persons
onboard

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 SOLAS
 Chapter I General provision .
 Chapter II-1 Construction –structure-subdivision and stability, machinery and
electrical installations.
 Chapter II-2 Construction – fire protection , fire detection and fire
extinction
 Chapter III Life saving appliances and arrangements .
 Chapter IV Radio communications .
 Chapter V Safety of navigation .
 Chapter VI Carriage of cargoes .
 Chapter VII Carriage of dangerous goods .
 Chapter VIII Nuclear ships .
 Chapter IX Management for the safe operation of ships .
 Chapter X Safety measures for high speed craft .
 Chapter XI-1 Special measures to enhance maritime safety .
 Chapter XI-2 Special measures to enhance maritime security .
 Chapter XII Additional safety measures for bulk carriers .
 Chapter XIII – Verification of compliance.
 Chapter XIV – Safety measures for ships 17 operating in polar waters
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 Definitions
- Administration :
means the Government of the State whose flag the
ship is entitled to fly.
- Approved :
means approved by the Administration.
- International voyage :
means a voyage from a country to which the present
Convention applies to a port outside such country or
conversely.

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- Short international voyage :

Is an international voyage in the course of which a ship is not

more than 200 miles from a port or place in which the
passengers and crew could be placed in safely. And which
doesn't exceed 600 miles. In length between the last port of
call in the country which the voyage begins and final port of
destination

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- A passenger : is every person other than:
(i) the master and the members of the crew or other
persons employed or engaged in any capacity on board a ship
on the business of that ship.

(ii) a child under one year of age.

- A passenger ship :
Is a ship which carries more than twelve passengers.

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- A cargo ship :
Is any ship which is not a passenger ship.

- New ship :
means a ship the keel of which is laid or which is at a similar
stage of construction on or after 25 May 1980.

- Existing ship :
means a ship which is not a new ship

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LSA : Life Saving Appliances Code

IMO : International Maritime Organization

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 Abbreviations
LSA : Life Saving Appliances Code .
IMO : International Maritime Organization .
PPE : Personal protective equipment .
GMDSS : Global Maritime Distress Signal System .
SAR : Search And Rescue .
TPA : Thermal Protective Aid .
SART : Search And Rescue Radar Transponder .
EPIRB :Emergency Position Indicating Radio
Beacon.
DSC : Digital Selective Calling .
ISM : International Safety Management Code
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Ships are designed to float with humans on board.

But the ship sometimes suffers from “an unforeseen

combination of circumstances or the resulting state that calls for
immediate action “ it is called emergency situation that may strike
the ship such as:
1- Fire or explosion
2- Flooding .
3- Collision .
4- Grounding .
5- Listing and in danger of capsizing
6- Sinking
7- Disabled and adrift

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The ship may be on fire
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The ship may be losing bouncy because
of flooding
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The ship may be losing bouncy because of collision
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The ship may be losing bouncy because of
grounding

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The ship may be Listing and in danger of capsizing
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In these emergency situations only the
ships captain can give His verbal
orders to abandon the ship

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As required by ISM code

the contingency plans : are showing only the main lines to

be done and are not detailed in case of emergency .

while the emergency plans are showing the details to be

done in same case.

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 Muster station

Also , may be called “ muster point ’’ it is the place at which

crew and passengers will assemble – in case of emergency –
every person must be present at his position indicate in “
muster list ”
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 Muster station arrangements

1- Shall be close to the embarkation stations .

2- Shall have enough space to accommodate all persons

assigned to muster in this station .

3- Shall be readily accessible from accommodation and work

areas .

4- Shall illuminate by lighting supplied from the emergency

source of electrical power .

.
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5- Alleyways , stairways and exit Shall illuminate by lighting

supplied from the emergency source of electrical power

6- muster station shall be provided by an emergency two

way communications between emergency station and

strategic position on board.

7- Location of muster station must be approved by

administration

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Muster List and Emergency instructions

• Clear instructions to be followed in the case of an

emergency shall be provided for every person on board.

• Instructions shall be drawn up in the language or

languages required by the ship's flag State and in the
English language.

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Muster list and emergency instructions
1- The muster list shall specify details of the general
emergency alarm and public address system.
2- The muster list shall show the duties assigned to
the different members of the crew Such as :
- Closing of the watertight doors, fire doors, valves,
scuppers Side scuttles, skylights, portholes and
other similar openings in the ship.
- Preparation and launching of survival craft.
- Manning of fire parties.

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3- The muster list shall specify which officers are responsible
about LSA maintenance.
4- The muster list shall specify substitutes for key persons who
may become disabled.
5- The muster list shall be prepared before the ship proceeds
to sea.
6- The format of the muster list used on passenger ships shall
be approved by the administration.
7- Muster lists and emergency instructions shall be posted at:
the navigation bridge, engine-room crew accommodation
spaces and any populated places .

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 Additional for passenger ships
The muster list shall show the duties assigned to
members of the crew in relation to passengers in case of
emergency. These duties shall include:
.1 warning the passengers.
.2 methods of wearing lifejackets correctly.
.3 assembling passengers at respective muster
stations.
.4 keeping order in the passageways and on the
stairways and generally controlling the movements
of the passengers.
.5 ensuring that a supply of blankets is taken to the
survival craft.
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 Muster list must contain the
following
Rank
Name
Alarm signals
Duties in different emergency situations
GMDSS equipment s
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 Command
team

Emergency Technical
team team

Muster list
teams

Backup First aid

team team
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 Alarms signals:
ABANDON SHIP’S DRILL ALARM IS :
consist of seven short blast followed by one long
blast from ship’s general alarm .
FIRE DRILL ALARM IS :
consist of continuous ringing on general alarm &
ship`s whistle for 10 sec.
MAN OVER BOARD DRILL ALARM IS :
consist of three long blast repeated four times
GENERAL ALARM SIGNAL :
consist of seven short blast followed by one long blast from
ship’s general alarm followed by message on the public
address system indicating type of emergency situation
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 Operating Instructions
- Operating instruction shall be posted near the survival crafts
indicating procedures for operating the craft and give
instruction or warnings.
- Be easily seen under emergency lighting conditions.
- Use symbols in accordance with the recommendations of
the Organization.

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The table below sums up ISO 3864 definitions on safety signs in terms of their color
and geometric shape as used in ISO 24409:

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The safety sign shown in the example above the referent used is a wheeled fire
extinguisher as the function of this safety sign is to indicate the location of a wheeled
fire extinguisher

Another typical example of a determinant is the first aid cross used on

emergency equipment safety signs:

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 Categories of Safety Signs

This takes us to the safety sign categories defined by the standard. From the table
above we can immediately identify 5 main safety sign categories but ISO 24409
specifies an additional 2 categories of safety-related signs and another 3 of safety
markings. We therefore have the following shipboard safety sign categories:

Fire-fighting equipment signs (FES) – shipboard safety signs that communicate the use
and location of fire-fighting equipment.

Emergency equipment signs (EES) – marine safety signs that communicate the use and
location of first aid facilities and portable safety equipment.
Means of escape signs (MES) – safety signs for escape route identification on-board.

Prohibition signs (PSS) – safety signs to restrict or prohibit the movement and
actions of persons on-board.

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 Mandatory action signs (MAS)

Mandatory action signs (MAS) – safety signs to be used for mandatory notices and
instructions on-board.

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Mimic signs (SMS) – mimic signs are safety-related signs that have the purpose of
informing passengers of their exact location on-board, indicating their escape routes
and of providing specific safety instructions. In order to accomplish this purpose,
Mimic signs should be displayed in passenger ships in or at the entrance of
conspicuous passenger areas, within or close to passenger stairway enclosures, at
internally located assembly stations, and inside each passenger cabin. 3/18/2020 9:29 AM
49
 Abandon Ship Drill
- Reporting to stations and preparing for the duties
described in the muster list.
- Checking that passengers and crew are suitably
dressed.
- Checking that lifejackets are correctly donned.
- Lowering of at least one lifeboat after any
necessary preparation for launching.
- Starting and operating the lifeboat engine.
- Operation of davits used for launching life rafts

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 Abandon Ship Drill
- Each crew member must participate in at least one
abandon ship & one fire drill each Month .
- If more than 25% of the crew have been changed,
an abandon ship drill must be performed during 24
hours from departure.
- On passenger vessels, an abandon ship drill must
be performed during 24 hours from departure.

Different lifeboats shall, as far as practicable, be

lowered at successive drills.
- Each lifeboat shall be launched with its assigned
operating crew aboard and maneuvered in the
water at least once every 3 months during an
abandon ship drill.
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And now put in your mind that
you had left the safe and
comfortable life on board the
ship to the hard life in the Life
Saving Appliances

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 *** first things first ***
When you hear the abandon ship signal:
- Put on heavy clothes , no matter the
degree of the temperature outside .
- Done your life jacket in a proper way.
- Make sure the children are using
proper life jackets .
- Go directly to your “ muster station ” as
per the “ muster list ”
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The main enemies for a survivor

 Sun

 Wind

 Water

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 Sun

1- The main problem is dehydration.

2- Wearing wet clothing will keep cooler
than bare skin , it will also protect you
from burns .

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 Wind

Protect your body from the wind . wind can

very quickly increase the risk of losing body
temperature “ HYPOTHERMIA ” which is the
main cause of death .

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 Water

Immerse the body in water without

protection cause hypothermia the body lose
his temperature 25 times greater in the
water than in the air.

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 Difficulties facing survivals

abandoning
Panic Water
the ship

Sea
Food
sickness

Sun stroke Sharks Hypothermia

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 Food

- Before eating any food, be aware that digestion

(especially of proteins and dried food) requires
much water.

- If you have food but no water, wait until you can

collect enough water.

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Does the sea contain enough food to remain healthy?

Seaweed

Fish

Sea Turtles Sea Cucumbers

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 Panic
Panic can do temporary eye and brain blindness.
And to avoid this you have to participate to
emergency drills and exercise.

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 Water
- Water is one of the most urgent needs for
survivors.
- Do not drink sea water.
**Drinking sea water is dangerous and will
result kidney failure.
- Collect rain water.

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 Sea sickness

- No one is away from sea sickness even old

experienced seaman.
- Because the different of ship and survival
craft size.

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 Sharks Attack prevention
 Always stay in groups.

 Do not wear shiny jewelry.

 Avoid bright colored clothing

 Avoid erratic movements64and swim smoothly3/18/2020 9:29 AM

Items which the survivors have to avoid it
when abandon the ships

1-Avoiding hypothermia

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Avoiding hypothermia

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 2- Avoid drowning

Don life jacket before jumping into water

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 3-Avoid fire and explosion

Move your survival craft as quickly and

as far as practicable from the ship

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 4-Avoid going down with her
Move your survival craft as quickly and as far as
practicable from the ship.

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5-Avoid immersion in sea water
Be aware of losing body heat

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6-Avoid sea sickness

Be aware of sea sickness or you will lose the

liquids of your body
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 7-Avoid going very far
Move your survival craft as quickly and as far
as practicable from the ship but remember
that the S A R units will come to the position
of the distress.

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8- Avoid being separated from others
Tie up with any other survival craft .

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 9-Avoid thermal stresses

Be aware of sun heat

Be aware of losing body temperature

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 Hypothermia chart

If the water Exhaustion or unconsciousness Expected time of survival is

temperature

0 15 min From 30 t0 50 min

10 From 30 t0 50 min From 1 to 2 hours
15 From 2 to 4 hours From 6 to 8 hours
20 From 3 to 7 hours From 20 to 30 hours
25 12 hours More than 30 hours

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