3.

0 INTRODUCTION
Geotextile13 Sdn.Bhd is one of the companies in Malaysia was invited to bid on a
foundation project for a warehouse expansion building. As a geotechnical company,
first of most, we need to read all of the data given to create a suitable soil profiling that
can carry the load from building. The general scope covered for geotechnical report is
site-recommended criteria and design reporting of geotechnical survey, suggestion on
the geotechnical aspect of the proposed building, proposed mitigation measures to
avoid environmental accident during and after construction, and provided an
economical solution to geotechnical overcome.

3.1 Project Title

Foundation project contract for a warehouse expansion building in Parit Buntar.

Figure 1 : Site Location

 The prepared proposal of placement for the development:

i. Proposal of placement of the commercial building

Required to propose the placement of the commercial building in the site plan based
on the construction site.

ii. Prepared the detailed soil profile

Create the soil profile by following the data from borelog.

iii. Pricing of pile

The proposed contract price of the pile by presented using the supplied Bill of
Quantity (BQ).

iv. Summary of foundation design

Summary of foundation design (Presented in a table; Column, Load, Size of footing
or Number of the pile (total pile points of the group pile)/ Pile size/ Design depth
and any other important information.

v. Foundation Calculation
The specific design of the base calculation by using the method of shallow
foundation and deep foundation needs to be well structured and presented in
Appendix.
4.0 BASIS OF REFERENCES
a) Design specification
• JKR Schedule of Rate 2017 used for construction costing (Bill of Quantity)
• Piling Work Specification 2021.
• Pile Size Hume ICP Cepco.

b) S.I report
• Summary of laboratory test result
• Borelogs.
• Sieve analysis.
• Triaxial compression test data.
• Consolidation data.

c) Tender/ Construction Drawing reference

• Building Layout Plan – AutoCAD
• Project Layout – AutoCAD
• Soil profile based on borelog data – AutoCAD

5.0 EXISTING GROUND CONDITION

The fundamental issue with piles is the uncertainty as to whether they are resting on a
solid layer or a porous one. Engineers must recognize the critical soil profile of a given
location. Before any construction can be built, the local geological characteristics of the
site are crucial and will determine the design of the base. There are numerous methods for
obtaining soil property information that involves borehole testing. Using the data and our
engineering judgment, a nearby soil profile can be reconstructed from borehole data. Three
boreholes have been drilled to collect soil data from the location.
The top layer is mainly sand under geological conditions. The top surface layer is
essential for positioning the machinery. The layer after the topsoil is the sand layer. It could
be sticky after raining. The solution is to lay the mud mats on the soil for a smooth working
area for the heavy machines. In our project, the machinery could pass through without
getting rutting and stuck.
The soil below the groundwater table varies from dense to very dense sand and consists
of gravel. The soil layer in between the sand is made up of clay. The clay also varies from
different stiffnesses. The last layer obtained from the three boreholes, granite, is at the
bottom layer. This further justified that the building could safely transfer load from
structure to foundation where the boulder or granite could bear the load capacity. For low-
bearing soil, a more substantial or deep foundation could be selected compared to the soil
with a strong bearing capacity.
 The groundwater table is 0.74 m from the surface soil layer. The determination of the
groundwater table is vital in the excavation of a deep foundation. Groundwater greatly
influences the engineering mechanical properties of rock and soil. So, the mechanical
properties of the soil will also affect the bearing capacity of foundation soil in addition to
the stability and safety of buildings. The location of the groundwater table and its change
in groundwater level affect the bearing capacity of the foundation. In our project, we
considered groundwater level in the geotechnical investigation of the foundation design to
counteract any problems such as consolidation and settlement of soil.
Based on the data from the borehole, hard rock strata such as boulder is at 9.30 m from
the surface. So, it is capable of bearing the load from the foundation. The pile in the project
can transfer heavy loads from the structure to the hard rock strata below the ground level.
In our project, the pile shaft is not suitable to be used as the deep layer of soil has boulders
exists.
The parameter used in soil analysis is the unit weight of soil (γ), soil friction angle (Φ)
as well as Undrained Shear Strength (Cu). Unit weight of soil is important to be used in
calculating the effective stress of soil. Effective stress is important in determining the
settlement of soil as well as the shear strength of the soil. Furthermore, the Undrained
Shear strength is important parameter to the bearing capacity of soil that could bear on it.
Existing ground conditions are essential to the choice of foundation. For clay soil, it has
a high capacity for water retention, which will cause expansion and shrinkage. This would
lead to a settlement. Hence, according to British Standard, the recommended minimum
depth of 1 m for a foundation consists of clay soil and 3 m if trees are surrounding.
Furthermore, sand and gravel allow water to drain so it will not cause structural movement.
The compaction of soil and sand will make stable support for the foundation. In short,
knowing the existing ground condition is essential because the soil type determines the
choice of foundation.
6.0 SUMMARY OF SOIL PROFILE
There are three boreholes taken before the project's excavation in order to detect the
variations of soil at the site, which are BH01, BH02, and BH03. The groundwater table is
located at 0.74 m for BH1, BH2, and BH3.
The soil underneath the area around BH 1 consisted of different layers of sand, gravel,
clay, and granite. From the depth of 0.1 m until 3.0 m, the soil consists of medium dense
sand and gravel. The soil layer below the following depth of 3.0 m is stiff clay that is 2.8
m thick, which may cause settlement. From the depth of 5.8 m to 16.3 m, the soil layer is
different conditions of clay that vary from stiff to firm and hard clay. After 16.30 m, there
is s layer of granite obtained from the borehole data.
At BH 2, the main composition of the type of soil is sand, clay, and granite. The top
layer of soil from 0.1 m to 5.0 m is loose and very loose sand. From 5 m to 9.5 m, the
following layer is firm and hard clay, respectively. The next layer of soil is the granite soil-
forming the boulder, which is 1.5 m thick, from 9.5 m to 11.0 m. The following layer of
soil is sand with mid-dense, dense, and very dense sand. Lastly, the bottom layer of our
borehole is the strong granite soil.
At BH 3, the subsurface of the soil is mainly made up of clay, sand, top rock, and
granite. The top surface of the soil is an old concrete surface that is 0.1 m thick. From 0.1
m to 4.5 m, the soil layer is loose sand. Next, the clay layer is categorized from firm to
stiff in depth from 4.5 m to 9 m. The sand layer is the soil layer below the clay layer at a
depth of 9 m to 11.5 m. Next, the top rock layer is 11.5 m to 12.0 m. The granite is the
bottom layer in our borehole test.