8/1/22, 6:10 PM Table of design properties for metric steel bolts M5 to M39 - Eurocode 3

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Date: Mon Aug 01 2022

Eurocode 3
Table of design properties for metric hexagonal
bolts M5 to M39 (stress area, shear strength,
tensile strength, bearing strength)
Description:
Design aid - Table of design properties for individual metric hexagonal bolts including stress area, yield
strength, ultimate strength, shear resistance, tensile resistance, interaction between shear and tension,
bearing resistance, punching shear resistance
According to:
EN 1993-1-8:2005 Section 3.8
Supported National
Annexes:
The value of γM2 must be provided manually when different than 1.25.

Input
Shear plane passes through: =  Threaded part

Steel partial material safety factor for γM2 =  1.25

resistance of joints with bolt connections

Tables
Strength properties for bolt steel according to EN 1991-1-8 Table 3.1
Bolt class
Symbol Description 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.8 6.8 8.8 10.9
fyb (MPa) Yield strength 240 320 300 400 480 640 900
fub (MPa) Ultimate tensile strength 400 400 500 500 600 800 1000

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Design properties for metric hex bolts (Typical coarse pitch thread)
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8/1/22, 6:10 PM Table of design properties for metric steel bolts M5 to M39 - Eurocode 3

M5 Dimensions
5 8 - Hole diameter
- d0- [mm] - 19.6 Areas 14.2
M6 6 10
Nut - - - - 28.3 20.1
Stress
Nominal width Normal Oversize Short Long Gross area
7 11 - - - - (unthreaded
38.5 area
28.9
M7 diameter
Size across round round slotted slotted (threaded
d [mm] hole hole hole hole part)
8 flats
13 - - - - [mm2]
Ag 50.3 part)
M8 s [mm] As 36.6
[mm2]
M10 10
Dimensions16 - Hole diameter
- d0- [mm] - 78.5 Areas 58.0
M12 12 18 13 15 16×13 30.0×13 113 84.3
Nut Gross area Stress
M14 Nominal
14 width
21 Normal
15 Oversize
17 Short 35.0×15
18×15 Long 154
(unthreaded area
115
Size diameter across round round slotted slotted part) (threaded
M16 d [mm]
16 flats
24 hole
18 hole
20 hole 40.0×18
22×18 hole
Ag
201
[mm2] part)
157
s [mm] As [mm2]
M18 18 27 20 22 24×20 45.0×20 254 192
M20 20 30 22 24 26×22 50.0×22 314 245
M22 22 34 24 26 28×24 55.0×24 380 303
M24 24 36 26 30 32×26 60.0×26 452 353
M27 27 41 30 35 37×30 67.5×30 573 459
M30 30 46 33 38 40×33 75.0×33 707 561
M33 33 50 36 41 43×36 82.5×36 855 694
M36 36 55 39 44 46×39 90.0×39 1020 817
M39 39 60 42 47 49×42 97.5×42 1190 976

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Minimum end distance, edge distance, and spacing for bolt fasteners according to
EN1993-1-8 Table 3.3 (rounded up to nearest mm)
Normal round holes Oversize ro
M12 16 16 29 32 18 18
Minimum Minimum Minimum Minimum
end Minimum center- center-to- end Minimum
distance edge distance to-center center distance edge distance
along perpendicular spacing spacing along perpendicular
Size load to load along perpendicular load to load
direction direction e2 load to load direction direction e2
e1 [mm] [mm] direction direction p e1 [mm] [mm]
p1 [mm] 2
(e1 = (e2 = 1.2d0) [mm] (e1 = (e2 = 1.2d0)
1.2d0) (p1 = (p2 = 2.4d0) 1.2d0)
2.2d0)

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8/1/22, 6:10 PM Table of design properties for metric steel bolts M5 to M39 - Eurocode 3

M14 18 18 33 36 21 21
M16 22 22 40 44 24 24
M18 24 24 44 48 27 27
M20 27 27 49 53 29 29
M22 29 29 53 58 32 32
M24 32 32 58 63 36 36
Normal round holes Oversize ro
M27 36 36 66 72 42 42
Minimum
M30 Minimum
40 40 73
center-
Minimum
80 Minimum
46 46
end Minimum center-to- end Minimum
to-center
M33 distance
44 edge distance
44 80
i
center
87 distance
50 edge distance
50

Edge distances and spacing of bolt fasteners (reproduced from EN1993-1-1 Figure 3.1

Charts
Bolt interaction diagram - Combined shear and tension
(hover=value, drag=zoom, double-click=reset)

Shear and tension interaction: Fv,Ed/Fv,Rd + (Ft,Ed/Ft,Rd) / 1.4 <= 1.0

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8/1/22, 6:10 PM Table of design properties for metric steel bolts M5 to M39 - Eurocode 3

Notes
1. The design resistance of a group of fasteners may be taken as the sum of the design bearing
resistances Fb,Rd of the individual fasteners provided that the shear resistance Fv,Rd of each
individual fastener is greater than or equal to the design bearing resistance Fb,Rd. Otherwise the
design resistance of a group of fasteners should be taken as the number of fasteners multiplied
by the smallest design resistance of any of the individual fasteners as specified in EN1993-1-8 §
3.7(1). For this case elastic linear distribution of internal forces should be used as specified in
EN1993-1-8 §3.12.
2. For preloaded bolted connections which are slip-resistant at the Serviceability Limit State or the
Ultimate Limit State the corresponding shear load Fv,Ed should not exceed the design slip
resistance as specified in EN1993-1-8 §3.9 and Table 3.2. Only bolt assemblies of classes 8.8 and
10.9 may be used as preloaded bolts.
3. According to EN1993-1-8 § 3.6.1(4) the design shear resistance Fv,Rd should only be used where the
bolts are used in holes with nominal clearances not exceeding those for normal holes as specified
in EN 1090-2 'Requirements for the execution of steel structures'.
4. Minimum and maximum spacing p1, p2 and edge distances e1, e2 for bolts are given in EN1993-1-8
Table 3.3. The minimum values are: e1 ≥ 1.2d0, e2 ≥ 1.2d0, p1 ≥ 2.2d0, p2 ≥ 2.4d0, where d0 is the
diameter of the hole, e1, p1 are measured parallel to the load transfer direction and e2, p2 are
measured perpendicular to the load transfer direction.
5. According to EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4 the bearing resistance Fb,Rd of the bolt is not affected by the
spacing p1, p2 and edge distances e1, e2 provided that the following limits are observed: e1 ≥ 3.0d0,
e2 ≥ 1.5d0, p1 ≥ 3.75d0, p2 ≥ 3.0d0.
6. According to EN1993-1-8 § 3.6.1(12) where bolts transmitting load in shear and bearing pass
through packing plates of total thickness tp greater than d / 3 the design shear resistance Fv,Rd
should be multiplied by the reduction factor βp specified in EN1993-1-8 equation 3.3.
7. According to EN1993-1-8 § 3.8(1) for long joints where the distance between the centers of the
end fasteners measured in the direction of load transfer is more than 15d the design shear
resistance Fv,Rd of all the fasteners should be multiplied by the reduction factor βLf specified in
EN1993-1-8 equation 3.5.
8. According to EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4 the bearing resistance Fb,Rd for bolts in holes other than normal
should be multiplied by the following reduction factors: Oversized holes = 0.8, slotted holes with
longitudinal axis perpendicular to the load transfer direction = 0.6.
9. According to EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4 for countersunk bolts the tension resistance Ft,Rd is evaluated
by considering k2 = 0.63 instead of k2 = 0.9. Therefore for countersunk bolts the calculated tension
resistance Ft,Rd should be reduced by a factor of 0.63 / 0.9 = 0.7. In addition for countersunk bolts
the bearing resistance Fb,Rd should be based on a plate thickness t equal to the depth of the
connected plate minus half the depth of the countersinking.
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8/1/22, 6:10 PM Table of design properties for metric steel bolts M5 to M39 - Eurocode 3

10. For bolts with cut threads where the threads do not comply with EN 1090 the relevant resistances
should be multiplied by a factor of 0.85 according to EN1993-1-8 § 3.6.1(3).

Details
Definition of standard metric bolts
The standarized properties of metric bolts are specified in the international standard ISO 898-1:2009
'Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel - Part 1: Bolts, screws and studs
with specified property classes - Coarse thread and fine pitch thread'.
According to ISO 898-1 the bolts
are characterized depending on their pitch thread:
Coarse pitch thread: For general applications coarse pitch thread bolts are used.
They are
designated by their nominal diameter d in mm prefixed by the letter 'M'.
The standard coarse
pitch thread metric bolt sizes are: M3, M3.5, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M10, M12, M14, M16, M18, M20,
M22, M24, M27, M30, M33, M36, M39.
Fine pitch thread: For special applications fine pitch thread bolts may be used.
They are
designated as above also including the pitch of thread in mm e.g. M8 × 1, M14 × 1.5, M27 × 2 etc.
In general the stress area of fine pitch thread bolts passing through the threaded part is larger as
compared to the coarse pitch thread bolts.
The calculated strength properties for coarse pitch
thread bolts may be used conservatively for fine pitch thread bolts.
Geometric properties of metric bolts
Nominal diameter

The nominal diameter d is specified in mm as part of the bolt designation, e.g. 8 mm for M8 bolt.
The
standard metric bolt diameters are specified in the standard ISO 898-1 Tables 4 and 5.
For typical coarse
pitch thread bolts the standard sizes are: M3, M3.5, M4, M5, M6, M7, M8, M10, M12, M14, M16, M18,
M20, M22, M24, M27, M30, M33, M36, M39.

Width of nut across flats

The width of the hexagon nuts across flats s is specified in ISO 898-2 Table A.1 for bolt sizes M5 to M39.

Hole diameter
The design shear resistance of bolts Fv,Rd as given in EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4 is only valid when the bolt is
used in holes with nominal clearance not exceeding the values given in the standard EN 1090-2
'Requirements for the execution of steel structures', as specified in EN1993-1-8 §3.6.1(4).
The resulting
hole diameter d0 for each type of hole (normal, oversize, short slotted, long slotted) is determined by
adding the nominal clearance given in EN 1090-2 Table 11 to the nominal diameter d of the bolt.

Nominal gross area

The nominal gross area Ag corresponds to the cross-sectional area of the unthreaded part of the bolt:
Ag = π⋅d2 / 4

Tensile stress area

The tensile stress area As corresponds to the reduced cross-sectional area inside the threaded part of
the bolt.
The tensile stress area depends on the thread and it can be calculated according to ISO 898-1
Section 9.1.6.1.
For standard coarse pitch thread and fine pitch thread bolts the nominal stress area As is
provided in ISO 898-1 Tables 4 to 7.

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In general the tensile stress area and the shear stress area are different.
According to EN1993-1-8 Table
3.4 the shear strength of the bolt may be based on the tensile stress area.

Definition of bolt classes 4.6, 4.8 etc.

The yield strength fyb and the ultimate tensile strength fub for bolt classes 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 5.8, 6.8, 8.8, and
10.9 are given in EN1993-1-8 Table 3.1.
The first number of the bolt class corresponds to the ultimate
strength e.g. 400 MPa for classes 4.x, 500 MPa for classes 5.x, 600 MPa for classes 6.x, 800 MPa for
classes 8.x, and 1000 MPa for classes 10.x.
The second number corresponds to the ratio of yield
strength to ultimate strength e.g. 60% for class 4.6 leading to a yield strength of 0.60 × 400 MPa = 240
MPa.
Tensile strength of bolts
The tension resistance of the bolt Ft,Rd is provided in EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4:
Ft,Rd = k2 ⋅ fub ⋅ As / γM2

where:
k2 is a coefficient that takes values k2 = 0.63 for countersunk bolts or k2 = 0.9 otherwise.
fub is the ultimate tensile strength of the bolt depending on the bolt class (see table above).
As is the nominal tensile stress area of the bolt.
γM2 is the partial safety factor for the resistance of bolts in accordance with EN1993-1-8 §2.2(2)
Table 2.1 and the National Annex. The recommended value in EN1993-1-8 is γM2 = 1.25.

Shear strength of bolts

The shear resistance of the bolt per shear plane Fv,Rd is provided in EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4:
Fv,Rd = αv ⋅ fub ⋅ A / γM2

where:
αv is a coefficient that takes values αv = 0.6 for bolt classes 4.6, 5.6, 8.8 or αv = 0.5 for bolt classes
4.8, 5.8, 6.8 and 10.9. When the shear plane passes through the unthreaded part of the bolt αv =
0.6.
fub is the ultimate tensile strength of the bolt depending on the bolt class (see table above)
A is the appropriate area for shear resistance. When the shear plane passes through the threaded
part of the bolt A is equal to the tensile stress area of the bolt As. When the shear plane passes
through the unthreaded part of the bolt A is equal to the gross cross-sectional area of the bolt Ag.
γM2 is the partial safety factor for the resistance of bolts in accordance with EN1993-1-8 §2.2(2)
Table 2.1 and the National Annex. The recommended value in EN1993-1-8 is γM2 = 1.25.

Combined shear and tension

The interaction between shear and tension is expressed in EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4 according to the
following linear relation:
Fv,Ed / Fv,Rd + (Ft,Ed / Ft,Rd) / 1.4 ≤ 1.0

where:
Fv,Ed is the applied shear load and Fv,Rd is the shear resistance of the bolt.
Ft,Ed is the applied tensile load and Ft,Rd is the tension resistance of the bolt.

Bearing strength of bolts

The bearing resistance of the bolt Fb,Rd should be verified against the applied shear load Fv,Ed in
accordance with EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4:
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Fb,Rd = k1 ⋅ αb ⋅ fu ⋅ d ⋅ t / γM2

where:
fu is the ultimate tensile strength of the connected plate
d is the nominal diameter of the bolt.
t is the thickness of the connected plate.
γM2 is the partial safety factor for the resistance of bolts in accordance with EN1993-1-8 §2.2(2)
Table 2.1 and the National Annex. The recommended value in EN1993-1-8 is γM2 = 1.25.

The coefficient k1 is:

for edge bolts: k1 = min( 2.8⋅e2/d0 - 1.7, 1.4⋅p2/d0 - 1.7, 2.5 )
for inner bolts: k1 = min( 1.4⋅p2/d0 - 1.7, 2.5 )
where e2 is the distance between the center of the edge bolt and the end of the plate measured
perpendicular to the load transfer direction, p2 is the distance between the centers of neighboring bolts
measured perpendicular to the load transfer direction, and d0 is the diameter of the bolt hole.
The coefficient αb is:
αb = min( αd, fub/fu, 1.0 )

for end bolts: αd = e1/(3⋅d0)

for inner bolts: αd = p1/(3⋅d0) - 1/4
where e1 is the distance between the center of the end bolt and the end of the plate measured parallel
to the load direction, p1 is the distance between the centers of neighboring bolts measured parallel to
the load direction, and d0 is the diameter of the bolt hole.
Therefore, based on the equations above, the bearing resistance of the bolt Fb,Rd is not affected by the
distances e1, p1, e2, p2 when the following conditions are satisfied:
for edge bolts: e1 ≥ 3.0⋅d0 and e2 ≥ 1.5⋅d0
for inner bolts: p1 ≥ 3.75⋅d0 and p2 ≥ 3.0⋅d0
Punching strength of bolts
The punching resistance of the bolt Bp,Rd should be verified against the applied tensile load Ft,Ed in
accordance with EN1993-1-8 Table 3.4:
Bp,Rd = 0.6⋅π ⋅ dm ⋅ tp ⋅ fu / γM2

where:
dm is the mean of the across points and across flats dimensions of the bolt head or the nut,
whichever is smaller.
tp is the plate thickness under the bolt or nut.
fu is the ultimate tensile strength of the steel plate.
γM2 is the partial safety factor for the resistance of bolts in accordance with EN1993-1-8 §2.2(2)
Table 2.1 and the National Annex. The recommended value in EN1993-1-8 is γM2 = 1.25.

The value of the mean diameter dm is estimated as follows.

The distance across flats s of the nut is given
in the standard ISO 898-2.
By approximately ignoring the corner rounding for a perfect hexagon the
relation of the distance across points s' and the distance across flats s is s' = s / cos(30°) = 1.1547⋅s.
Therefore the mean diameter dm is approximately:
dm = (s + 1.1547⋅ s) / 2 = 1.07735⋅s

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