ARTA111
COVERAGE
1. Contemporary Art
2. Appropriation
3. Asian Art
4. Philippine Art
5. Filipino Artist
MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY ART
MODERN ART
- a term that signifies the philosophy and style of the
artworks produced during the 1860-1970 era.
- This art broke with convention, dealt with new subject
matter, focused on conceptual concerns, and changed
the position of the artist within society.
- The main objective of Modern art was to set aside the
traditions of the past and put more emphasis on
experimentation with a new perspective of seeing the
world.
- Many styles of art developed during the modern period,
including impressionism, fauvism, cubism,
expressionism, surrealism, pop art, op art, art nouveau,
and art deco.
- The Modernism movement introduced many fresh
concepts in the world of art. All of a sudden many artist
started exploring dreams, symbolism, and personal
iconography as their signature. Modern artists also
experimented with the expressive use of color, non-
traditional materials and mediums.
 Country Road in Provence by Night by
Vincent Van Gogh
 At the Moulin Rouge: Two Women Waltzing
by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
 The Large Bathers by Paul Cézanne
 Models (Les Poseuses) by Georges Seurat
 Spirit of the Dead Watching by Paul Gauguin
CONTEMPORARY ART
- Simple and straightforward
- The term “contemporary art” is generally regarded as
referring to work made between 1970 and the present.
- The year 1970 is the cutoff point for two reasons:
• The 1970s saw the emergence of
"postmodernism". The affix was a clue that
whatever followed was segregated from its
precursor.
• The 1970s saw the decline of the clearer
identified artistic movement.
- It also implies art that is made by living artists, but
essentially contemporary art is seen as something that
has never been done before
- It emphasizes a rejection of the commercialization of
the art world, but it is often connected to the
contemporary consumer-driven society.
- The Contemporary Art era is known to produce more
experimental works and tackles a wider variety of
social, economic and political issues. It made art as a
whole to reflect the current issues that hound our world
today, such as racism, globalization, third-world
country oppression, feminism among many others.
 Napoleon Leading the Army over the Alps by
Kehinde Wiley
 “Pictures of Garbage,” by Vik Muniz
 The Weather Project by Olafur Eliasson
 Gray Ground by Ronald Ventura
 Isla Hubad by Neil Pasilan
• Modern and contemporary art build on existing subject
matter, themes that artists have incorporated into their
work for ages. However, changes in the world, new
developments in art technologies, a revised conception
of art materials, and an expanding view of the
definition of “art” have changed the images artists
create and the art forms artists choose to use
Abstract Expressionism
- Broad movement in American painting that began in
the late 1940s and became a dominant trend in Western
painting during the 1950s. The most prominent
American Abstract Expressionist painters were
Jackson Pollock, Willem de Kooning, Franz Kline, and
Mark Rothko.
- It is the term applied to new forms of abstract art.
- Two major style: Action Painting and Color fields
Action Painting
- Jackson Pollock and Willem De Kooning who focused
on an intensely expressive style of gestural painting
- It used a style that involved streaks and overlapping
lines of paint which implied movement in the artwork
 Winter color in beef by Jackson Pollock
 Woman VI by Willem de Kooning
 Autumn rhythm by Jackson Pollock
Color Field Painting
- Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman and Clyfford Still,
who were concerned with reflection and mood.
- It focused on color and contrast.
 Baby is three by Robyn Denny
 Painting by Richard Smith
 Drought by Kenneth Noland
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Optical Art
- is a form of abstract art (specifically non-objective art)
which relies on optical illusions in order to fool the eye
of the viewer.
- It is also called optical art or retinal art.
- It relates to geometric designs that create feelings of
movement or vibration.
 By Victor Vasarely
 By Bridget Riley
 By Jesus Soto
 By Guenther Uecker
 By Enrico Castellani
 By Carlos Cruz-Diez
Kinetic Art
- is art from any medium that contains movement
perceivable by the viewer or depends on motion for its
effect
- kinetic art is a term that today most often refers to
three-dimensional sculptures and figures such as
mobiles that move naturally or are machine operated
- early 1950’s onward
 “Linear Construction No.2” and “Constructed
Torso” By Naum Gabo
 “Circles and Waves” and “Pyramid” By
Alexander Calder
 “Strand Bees” By Theo Jansen
 By Jean Tinguely
Minimalism
- it was a major movement of post-modernist art,
specifically a style of abstract painting or sculpture
characterized by extreme simplicity of form: in effect - Thus Neo-Pop artists continue to employ "ready-
a type of visual art reduced to the essentials of
geometric abstraction.
 Untitled #4 (1977) by Agnes Martin
 Wall structure blue (1962) by Sol Le Witt
 Untitled (Stack) by Donald Judd
 Box with the sound of its own making (1961)
by Robert Morris
 144 aluminum square (1967) by Dan Andre
Pop art
- distinctive genre of art that first “popped” up in post- Jeff Koons
war Britain and America.
- the pieces produced by Pop artists in the 1950s and
1960s commented on contemporaneous life and events.
- it is popular (designed for a mass audience), transient Keith Haring
(short-term solution), expandable (easily forgotten),
low cost, mass produced, young (aimed at youth),
witty, sexy, gimmicky, glamorous, big business.
 Gold Marilyn Monroe (1962) by Andy Warhol
 Great American Nude #21 (1961) by Tom
Wesselman
 House of fire (1981) by James Rosenquist
 View (1960) by Ed Ruscha
 Popeye (1961) by Roy Lichtenstein
Post Modernism
- the most pertinent movement that solidified the move
to contemporary arts
- associated with skepticism, irony and philosophical
critiques of the concepts of universal truths and
objective reality.
- it embraces many different approaches to art making,
and may be said to begin with pop art in the 1960s and
to embrace much of what followed including
conceptual art, neo-expressionism, feminist art, and
the Young British Artists of the 1990s.
- There are several characteristics which lend art to
being postmodern; these include bricolage, the use of
text prominently as the central artistic element, collage,
simplification, appropriation, performance art, the
recycling of past styles and themes in a modern-day
context, as well as the break-up of the barrier between
fine and high arts and low art and popular culture.
 10 Marylins, 1967 by Andy Warhol
 La Trahison Des Images (The Treason of
Images, "This is not a pipe"), 1929 by Rene
Magrite
 President Elect, 1961 by James Rosenquist
Neo-pop Art
- Neo-Pop Art is more of a repetition.
mades" and pre-existing items in their works and also
rely heavily on celebrity icons like Michael Jackson,
Madonna, Britney Spears, Paris Hilton, and so on.
- During the 1980s there was a revival of interest in Pop
Art - a phenomenon known as Neo-Pop (or "Shock
Pop-Art").
- a postmodern art movement of the 1980s. The term
refers to artists influenced by pop art and pop culture
imagery. But remember not to overload your slides
with content.
 "Michael Jackson and Bubbles" (1988) - sold in
1991 for $5.6 million
 "Puppy" (1992)
 Radiant Baby (c.1980) Street art image, New York.
 Crack is Wack (1986) mural, Harlem, New York.
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David Wojnarowicz
 Water (1987) Mixed-media work.
 Death of American Spirituality (1987) Mixed-
media work.
Yasumasa Morimura
 Portrait Twin (1988)
Matthew Barney
 Cremaster 1: Goodyear Chorus (1995)
 Cremaster 4 (1994)
Katharina Fritsch
 Mann und Maus / Man and Mouse (1991-92)
 Pistol (2006)
 Rat-King (1993)
Daniel Edwards
 Monument to Pro-Life: The Birth of Sean Preston
(Britney Spears) (2006) by Daniel Edwards
 Paris Hilton Autopsy (2007)
 Bust of Hillary Rodham Clinton (2006)
 Prince Harry Dead in Iraq War Memorial (2007)
Photorealism
- The term "photorealism", "photo-realism" or
"photographic realism", describes a style of highly
detailed 20th century realist painting in which the artist
attempts to replicate an image from a photograph in all
its microscopic exactness.
- As a movement, photorealism, sometimes also referred
to as Superrealism or Hyperrealism.
- Most photorealist painters work directly from
photographs or digital computer images - either by
using traditional grid techniques, or by projecting
colour slide imagery onto the canvas.
- The aim is to recreate the same sharpness of detail
throughout the painting.
Chuck Close
- who specializes in gigantic-scale pictures of
expressionless faces
- Big Nude (1967)
- Big Self-Portrait (1967-68)
Gerhard Richter
- German painter
- Mund (Mouth) (Brigitte Bardot's Lips) (1963)
- Erschossener 1 (Man Shot Down 1) (1988)
Conceptualism
- Conceptual art, while having no intrinsic financial
value, can deliver a powerful message, and thus has
served as a vehicle for socio-political comment, as
well as a broad challenge to the tradition of a 'work of
art' being a crafted unique object.
- The ideas behind this form of visual art were explored
by Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968), the so-called father
of Conceptual Art, although the term was first used by
Edward Kienholz (1927-94), in the late 1950s.
- Conceptual Art is all about "ideas and meanings"
rather than "works of art" (paintings, sculptures, other
precious objects).
- The first quintessential conceptual artwork was Erased
de Kooning Drawing (1953) by Robert Rauschenberg
(1925-2008)
Jenny Holzer
- Untitled Guggenheim Museum Installation (1989)
Damien Hirst
- With Dead Head (1991)
- In and Out of Love (White Paintings and Live
Butterflies) (1991)
Performance Art
- Artworks that are created through actions performed
by the artist or other participants, which may be live
or recorded, spontaneous or scripted
- Related to conceptual art
- Began in 1960s, and instead of being concerned with
entertaining its audience, the HEART of the artwork
is its IDEA or MESSAGE.
Marina Abramovic
- Born on November 30, 1946
- Serbian performance artist, writer, and art film
maker
- known for her vanguard performance pieces that
use her body both as subject and vehicle
 became known for staging a work of performance
art, called “Rhythm O” (1974)
 2002/2005/2010 Nude with Skeleton
Yoko Ono Lennon
- born February 18, 1933, Tokyo, Japan
- Japanese artist and musician who was an
influential practitioner
of conceptual and performance art in the 1960s.
- known for her avant-garde and expressive oeuvres
 Cut Piece (1964)
 Bag piece (1964)
Beuys
- German-born artist active in Europe and the
United States from the 1950s through the early
1980s.
- associated with that era's international, Conceptual
art and Fluxus movements.
- German avant-garde sculptor and performance
artist whose works, characterized by unorthodox
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materials and ritualistic activity, stirred much Earth Art
controversy. - “Land Art”, when the natural environment is
 How to Explain Pictures to a Dead Hare (1965) transformed by artist.
 Feet Washing (1971) - Kind of human intervention into a specific landscape
or terrain.
Installation Art - Different form environmental art
- relatively new genre of contemporary art - practiced by Robert Smithson
an increasing number of postmodernist-artist - which - American artist known for sculpture and land art
involves the configuration or "installation" of objects who often used drawing and photography in
in a space, such as a room or warehouse. The resulting relation to the spatial arts.
arrangement of material and space comprises the - Born January 2, 1938
"artwork". - His large-scale sculptures, called Earthworks,
- Kind of an immersive work where the environment or engaged directly with nature and were created by
the space in which the viewer steps into or interacts moving and constructing with vast amounts of soil
with is transformed or altered. and rocks
- Usually large-scale  Spiral Jetty (1970)
- It makes use of a host of objects, materials, conditions,  Broken Circle/Spiral Hill
and even the light and aural components. Christo Javacheff
- Site-specific, temporary or ephemeral in nature - Bulgarian-American Sculptor, Photographer, and
Allan Kaprow Conceptual Artist
- American Performance Artist and Theoretician - Born June 13, 1935
- August 23, 1927  Wrapped Coast (1968 -1969)
- was a pivotal figure in the shifting art world of the  California Dreamin’ (1972)
1960s; his” happenings” a form of spontaneous, Jeanne- Calude De Guillebon
non-linear action, revolutionized the practice - born June 13, 1935, Casablanca, Morocco
of Performance art. - environmental sculptors noted for their
- forefather of today’s installations and performance controversial outdoor sculptures that often-
artists involved monumental displays of fabrics and
 Yard (1967) plastics.
 Words (1962)  Wrapped Coast (1968 -1969)
Yayoi Kusama  California Dreamin’ (1972)
- born March 22, 1929, Matsumoto, Japan Richard Long
- Japanese artist who was a self-described - British Sculptor and Land Artist
“obsessional artist,” known for her extensive use - Born June 2, 1945
of polka dots and for her infinity installations  A Line Made by Walking (1967)
- She employed painting, sculpture, performance Andy Goldsworthy
art, and installations in a variety of styles, - Born July 26, 1956
including Pop art and minimalism. - British sculptor, photographer and
 Infinity Mirror Room—Phalli’s Field (1965) environmentalist who produces site-specific
 Aftermath of Obliteration of Eternity (2009) sculptures and land art situated in natural and
Dale Chihuly urban settings
- best-known artist associated with the post–World  Touching North (1989)
War II studio crafts movement  Hedge crawl, dawn, frost, cold hands,
- Born 20 September 1941 Sinderby, England, (March 4, 2104)
 Aqua Blue and Amber Chandelier (2011)
 Float Boat, The Sun, and Red Reeds (2010) Street Art
- Related to graffiti art as it is a by-product of the rise of
graffiti in the 1980s.
- Artworks are informed by the illustrative, painterly,
and print techniques and even a variety of media.
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- Examples: Murals, Sticker, Installations and Stencil
image
 Untitled (Boxer) by MICHEL BASQUIAT
 Houston Bowery Wall (1982) by Keith Haring
 “American Dreamers” by Shepard Fairey
 Rage, the Flower Thrower (2005) by Bansky
ART APPROPRIATION
Improvisation
- can be defined as doing something without prior
preparation.
- There is a decision to act upon something that may not
necessarily be planned. Within the present context,
improvisation has become an integral part of the arts.
- For some artists, infusing spontaneity and
improvisation adds up to the totality of the work of art.
The unexpectedness of the changes brought about by
improvisation makes the artwork to have a distinctive
quality that creates its individuality and identity.
- When an artist’s makes his work, he has already an
idea of the elements that will be included in his work.
As begins to craft his work, he may have deviated from
his original plan. So in essence, improvisation is
evident in the process of making the painting. During
the 1960s, art improvisation has taken from in the
galleries around New York City.
- One of central figures in the improvisation movement
was George Mathieu. He started the “action painting”
wherein the process is seen real-time. In scenario, the
process is more important than the finished product.
Appropriation
- refers to the act of borrowing or reusing existing
elements within a new work.
- Post-modern appropriation artists, including Barbara
Kruger, are keen to deny the notion of ‘originality’.
They believe that in borrowing existing imagery or
elements of imagery, they are re-contextualizing or
appropriating the original imagery, allowing the
viewer to renegotiate the meaning of the original in a
different, more relevant, or more current context.
- The intensions of appropriation artist are often
questioned since issues of plagiarism or forgery
sometimes arise. Some would argue that the reason
behind the appropriation is that they want the audience
to recognize the images they copied. There is a hope
on the part of the artist for the viewers to see the
original work in a new perspective.
- That appropraition would bring about a new context to
the original work. One of the most famous works of
appropriation would have to be Andy Warhol’s
Campbell’s Soup Cans” (1962). Warhol copied the
original labels of the soup can but cans is something
new for the audience. Just like any product, the brand
is integral to Campbell’s identity. As an artist, Warhol
decided to isolate the image of the product. This
attempt could in turn stimulate product recognition. A
common viewer would associate the Campbell soup
with the portraits of the soup cans.
• The first artist to successfully demonstrate forms of
appropriation within his or her work is widely
considered to be Marcel Duchamp. He devised the
concept of the ‘readymade’, which essentially
involved an item being chosen by the artist, signed by
the artist and repositioned into a gallery context.
ASIAN ART
History of Asian Art
• When ancient civilizations in Asia flourished, trade
become a very important activity. In trading
relationship Asian countries started sharing culture
and belief system.
• China – being one of the oldest civilizations in Asia,
it has a rich history when it comes to culture and arts.
• Japan – they were influenced by China in terms of
arts. Later on, they opened themselves to the
western world which they allow fusion of East and
West.
• Philippine arts were a product of several periods in
history spanning from the pre-colonial period to the
contemporary times.
• Chinese also had interactions with Western
missionaries who came from India and it brought
some of the Indian influences to china.
• And because of this, Indian models inspired a lot of
Chinese artists for few centuries.
• Most paintings were done in Monumental styles
wherein rocks and Mountings served as a barrier that
made the viewer distracted initially from the main
subject of the work. Western landscapes usually had
a single vanishing point while Chinese paintings had
the opposite since most paintings aimed to give the
audience a perspective on the subject.
• Porcelain such as vases and jars is one of the
commonly used as decorative ornaments. Some
artifacts show intricate works of the Chinese in these
porcelain vases. It has attribution to the tradition of
passing down the artistry from one generation to the
next. Just like Chinese artworks, the focal point in
these vases depicts a central theme: Nature. They
believe that man is an integral part of nature ensuring
that there is a certain balance in it.
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• Some of the common overarching themes of Chinese
artworks include everyday activities, war, violence,
death, and nature. Also noted that Chinese artworks
are infused with a lot of symbolisms.
• It is customary for the ancient Chinese people to
show respect for their ancestors and Relative. From
a Western point of view, Chinese can be mistaken
for as that of worshipping gods. Most of the ancient
Chinese were placed in either gold or bronze vessels,
depending on their social status
Buddhist Art
- Originated in India subcontinent in the centuries
following the life of historical Gautama Buddha in 6th
to 5th century BCE.
- It developed to the North though Central Asia into
Eastern Asia to form the Northern branch of Buddhist
art, and to the east as far as Southeast Asia to form the
southern branch of Buddhist art.
- Buddhist art traveled with believers as the dharma
spread, adapted and evolved in each new host country.
- Buddhist art flourished and even influenced the
development of Hindu art, until Buddhism nearly
disappeared in India around 10th century CE due in part
to the vigorous expansion of Islam alongside Hinduism.
Mandala
- A common visual design in Buddhist art
- It represents schematically the ideal universe.
- In various spiritual traditions, mandalas may be
employed for focusing attention of aspirants and
adepts, a spiritual teaching tool, for establishing a
sacred space and as an aid to meditation and trance
induction.
- Its symbolic nature can help one “to access
progressively deeper levels of the unconscious,
ultimately assisting the mediator to experience a
mystical sense of oneness with the ultimate unity from
which the cosmos in all its manifold forms arises”
- Psychoanalyst Carl Jung saw the mandala as “A
representation of the center of unconscious self”, and
believe his painting of mandalas enabled him to
identify emotional disorders and work towards
wholeness in personality.
Buthanese Art
- It is similar to the art of Tibet. Both are based upon
Vajrayana Buddhism, with its pantheon of divine
beings.
- Each divine id assigned special shapes, color, and
identifying objects, such as lotus, conch-shell,
thunderbolt, and the begging bowl.
- All images are made to exact specification that have
remained remarkably unchanged for centuries.
The major orders of Buddhism in Bhutan are Drukpa
Kagyu and Nyingma.
 The Drukpa Kagyu is a former branch of the
Kagyu School.
 It is known for paintings documenting the lineage
of Buddhist masters and the 70 Je Khenpo
 The Nyingma order is known for images of
Padmasambhava, who is credited with introducing
Buddhism into Bhutan in the 7th century.
 According to the legend, Padmasambhava hid a
scared treasure for the future Buddhist masters,
especially Pema Lingpa, to find.
 The treasure finders (Tertön) are also fluent
subjects to Nyingma art.
• Bhutanese art is particularly rich in bronzes of
different kinds that are collectively known by the name
Kham-so.
• Wall paintings and sculptures are formulated on the
principal ageless ideas of Buddhist art form.
• Their emphasis on detail is derived from Tibetan
models, their origins can be discerned easily, despite
the profusely embroidered garments and glittering
ornaments which these figures are lavishly covered.
• The arts and craft of Bhutan that represents the
exclusive “spirit and identity of the Himalayan
kingdom” is defined as the art of Zorig Chosum, which
means the “Thirteen arts and crafts of Bhutan”
• The thirteen crafts are carpentry, painting, paper
making, black smithery, weaving, sculpturing, and
many other crafts.
• Bhutanese rural life is also displayed in the ‘Folk
Heritage Museum’ in Thimphu. There is also a
‘Voluntary Artist Studio’ in Thimphu to encourage
and promote the art forms among the youth of
Thimphu.
Cambodian Art
Art and Culture:
• Cambodia's history, religious principles guided and
inspired its arts. A unique Khmer style emerged from
the combination of indigenous animistic beliefs and
the originally Indian religions of Hinduism and
Buddhism.
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 Cambodian culture also absorbed elements from
Japanese, Chinese, Lao and Thai cultures.
 Music, dance, theatre and cinema flowed strongly
through the blood of the Cambodian people.
Visual Arts:
• arts and crafts were generally produced by skilled
artists.
• Traditional Cambodian arts and crafts include textiles,
non-textile weaving, silversmithing, stone carving,
lacquer ware, ceramics, wat murals, and kite-making.
• The Khmer art has roots from the Angkor period.
Massive temples from this period, including Angkor
Wat and the Bayon at Angkor Thom, testify to the
power of Angkor and the grandeur of its architecture
and decorative art.
Angkor Wat
- Said to be the largest religious monument in the world. - are tightly interrelated with non-visual arts.
Chinese Art
• has varied throughout its ancient history, divided into
periods by the ruling dynasties of China and changing
technology.
• Different forms of art have been influenced by great
philosophers, teachers, religious figures and even
political leaders.
• encompasses fine arts, folk arts and performance arts.
Song Dynasty
- Particularly noted for the great artistic
achievements that it encouraged and, in part,
subsidized.
Painting
- A landscape painting, with a blurred outlines and
mountain contours which means distance through
an impressionistic treatment of natural phenomena.
- New style of painting that employed calligraphic
brushwork for self-expressive ends.
- Under, Yuan Dynasty is a painting by Zhao
Mengfu, greatly influenced laper chinese
landscape painting.
Chinese Opera
- Under, Song Dynasty developed the oldest extant
form of chinese opera called Kunqu.
- Under, Yuan Dynasty opera became a variant of
opera which continues today as Cantonese.
Poetry
- Ci known as lyric poetry which means expressed
feelings of desire.
- Many of its prime proponents were female poets,
such as Li Qingzhao. Su Shi was another
prominent Song poet famous for writing in the ci
form.
Indian Art
Indian art can be classified into specific periods:
1. Hinduism and Buddhism of the ancient period
(3500 BCE-present)
2. Islamic ascendancy (712-1757 CE)
3. The colonial period (1757-1947)
4. Independence and the postcolonial period(posr-
1947)
5. Modern Wala and Postmodern art in India
Visual Arts
- According to Kapali Vatsyayan,"Classical Indian
architecture, sculpture, painting, literature, music and
dancing involved their own rules conditioned by their
respective media, but the way shared with one another
of not only the underlying spiritual beliefs of the
Indian ancient religio-philosophic mind, but also the
procedures by which the relationships of the symbol
and the spiritual states were worked out in detail.
Indonesian Art
- Art and culture have been shaped by long interaction
between original; indigenous custom and multiple
foreign influences.
- Indonesia routes between Far East and Middle East,
resulting to many cultural practices, strongly
influenced by a multitude religion, including
Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism and Islam.
- Indonesia is not generally known for paintings, aside
from the intricate and expressive Balinese painting
which often express natural science and themes from
the traditional dances.
- Indonesia has long-he bronze and Iron ages
- 8th - 10th century both as stand-alone works of art and
also incorporated into temples
- Most notable are the hundreds of meters of relief
sculpture at the temple of Borobudur in central Java. It
tells the story of the life of Buddha and illustrate his
teachings. The temple was originally home to 504
statues of the seated buddha.
Kenyah Dayak Longhouse in East Kalimantan’s Apo
- Indigenous kenyah paint design based on, as
commonly found among Austronesian cultures,
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endemic natural motifs such as ferns, trees, dog,
hornbills and human figures.
Qur’an
- Calligraphy based on Qur’an, used as decoration as
Islam forbids naturalistic depictions.
- Modern Indonesia painters use a wide variety of style
and themes.
Balinese Art
- Art of Hindu- Javanese origin that grew from the work
of artisans of the Majapahit Kingdon, with their
expansion to Bali in the late 13th Century.
- From the 16th until the 20th centuries the village of
Kamasan, Klungkung (East Bali) was the center of
classical Balinese Art.
- During the 1st Part of the 20th century, new varieties
are of Balinese art developed.
- Late 20th century, Ubud and its neighboring villages
established a reputation or as the center of Balinese art.
- Balinese artists incorporated aspects of perspective
and anatomy of these artist.
 Traditional Balinese painting: Cockfighting by
Ketut Ginarsa
- Ubud and Batuan known for their paintings.
 Batubulan for their stone carvings
 Avante-garde artist
• Walter Spies
• Adrien Jean le Mayeur
• Arie Smit
• Donald Friend
Covarubbias
- “a highly developed. Although informal Baroque
folk art that combines the peasant liveliness with
the refinement of classicism of Hinduistic Java,
but free toof the conservative prejudice and with a
new vitality fired by the exubernace of the
democratic spirit of the tropical primitive.”
Eiseman
- “Balinese art is actually carved, painted, woven,
and prepared into objects intended for everyday
use rather than as object d’art.”
- In the 1920s, the arrival of the western artist had a
very little influence on the Balinese until the post
WWII Period although there are some accounts
over emphasize by the western presence at the
expense of recognizing Balinese creativity.
Japanese Art
- Art in Japan has undergone series of transitions and
periodization.
- Japan has transitioned into a cultural mixing pot.
- Based on artifact such as ceramic figures and
ornaments.
- It was influenced by Korean and Chinese artworks.
Haniwa
- Ceramic figures that is made up of clay. That were
made for ritual use and buried with the dead as
funerary objects.
Shinoism
- The native religion of Japan
Dogū ("earthen figure")
- are small humanoid and animal figurines made during
the later part of the Jamon period.
- Simple stick figures and geometric designs on Jomon
Period pottery and Yayoi period.
- Some scholars theorize the Dogū acted as effigies of
people, that manifested some kind of sympathetic
magic
- Dogū are made of clay and are small, typically 10 to
30 cm high.
- Most of the figurines appear to be modeled as female,
and have big eyes, small waists, and wide hips.
- They are considered by many to be representative of
goddesses. Many have large abdomens associated with
pregnancy, suggesting that the Jomon considered them
mother goddesses
Buddhism
- Became an integral part of Japanese Culture, Artworks
such as images and sculptures of Buddha were
produced. Buddhist temples also became staples in key
places. Art in essence became an expression of
worship for the Japanese.
Ukiyo-e
- Is an art movement which is flourished 17th through
19th Centuries.
- Its artist produced woodblock prints and paintings of
such subjects as travel scenes and landscapes, female
beauties, & sumo wrestlers.
- The term ukiyo-e translates as “picture of the floating
world”.
Japanese Art
- It covers from sometime 10th millennium BC to the
present.
- It covers a wide range of art styles and media and a
myriad of other types of works of art form the ancient
times until the contemporary 21st century.
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Ayame no Sikku - He state “ While I was in Tokyo, a very curious thing
- Second half of the 17th Century happened.at that time there were fewer that one
- They originate single color works of Hishikawa hundred Korean students in Tokyo. All of us were
Moronobu drinking the new air and embarking on new studies,
Nishiki-e but there were some who mooched my choice to study
- a type of Japanese multi-colored woodblock art. A close friend said that it was not right for me to
printing. The technique is used primarily in Ukiyo- study painting in such a time as this.”
e. It was invented in 1760s.
Kaiga (Japanese Painting) Laotian Art
- one of the oldest and most highly refined of the - Laotian art includes ceramic, lao Buddhist sculpture,
and lao music.
Japanese arts.
- Lao Buddhist sculptures were created in large variety
Korean Art of material including gold, silver and most often
bronze.
- Korean art is noted for its traditions in pottery, music
- Brick-and-mortal also was a medium used for colossal
calligraphy, painting, sculpture and other genres, often
images, a famous of these is the image of Phya Avat
marked by the use of bold color, natural forms, precise
(16th century) in Vientiane, although a renovation
shape and scale and surface decoration.
completely altered the appearance of the sculpture, and
- The study and appreciation of Korean art is still at a
it no longer resembles a lao Buddha.
formative stage in west. An art given birth to and
- Wood is popular for small votive Buddhist images that
developed by a nation is its own art
are often left in canvas it is also very common for large,
- The history of Korean painting is dated to
life-size standing images of Buddha.
approximately 108 C.E.
- The phra phuttha butsavarat, like the phra keo is also
- Korean painting has been a constant separation of
monochromatic works of black enshrined in its own chapel at the grand palace in
- brushwork on very often mulberry paper or silky; The bangkonk.
colorful folk art or min-hwa, ritual arts, tomb paintings,
Nepalese Art
and festival arts.
- The ancient and refined traditional culture of
- Korean pottery was recognized as early as 6000 BCE.
This pottery was also referred to as comb-patterned Kathmandu, for that matter in the whole of Nepal, is
pottery due to the decorative lines carved into the an uninterrupted and exceptional meeting of the Hindu
outside. and Buddhist ethos practiced by its highly religious
people.
- Early Korean societies were mainly dependent on
fishing. - It has also embraced in its fold cultural diversity
provided by the other religions such as Jainism, Islam
• East coast has a flat base.
and Christianity.
• South coast has a round base
Self-portrait of Ko hui-dong (1886-1965)
Thai Art
- Self-portraits impart an understanding of medium that
- Traditional Thai art is primarily composed of Buddhist
extends well beyond the affirmation of stylistic and
art, which in turn often has Hindu elements and
cultural difference.
iconography in it. Traditional Thai sculpture almost
- Contemporary Art in Korea
exclusively depicts images of the Buddha. Traditional
Early Twentieth Century
Thai paintings usually consist of book illustrations,
- The decision to paint using oil and canvas in korea had
and painted ornamentation of buildings such as palaces
two different interpretations.
and temples.
- One is being a sense of enlightenment due western
- Traditional Thai paintings showed subjects in two
ideas and art style. This enlightenment derived from
dimensions without perspective.
intellectual movement of the seventeenth and
- The size of each element in the picture reflected its
eighteenth century.
degree of importance.
- Ko had been painting with this method during period
- The primary technique of composition is that of
of Japan's annexation of korea.
apportioning areas

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 ARTA111
- This eliminated the intermediate ground, which would
otherwise imply perspective.
- Perspective was introduced only as a result of Western
influence in the mid-19th century.
- Thailand normally depicts religious themes, most
often the Jataka stories, Buddha’s life story and stories
of his previous incarnations, which often present visual
explanations of various Buddhist principles the
Buddhist heavens and hells, and scenes of daily life.
The Sukhothai kingdom
- Buddha images of the Sukhothai period are elegant,
with sinuous bodies and slender, oval faces
- This period saw the introduction of the “walking
Buddha post”
Sukhothai artists in the 14th century tried to follow the
canonical defining marks of a Buddha, as they are set
out in ancient Pali texts:
• Skin so smooth that dust cannot stick to it
• Legs like a deer
• Thighs like a banyan tree
• Shoulders as massive as an elephant's head;
• Arms round like an elephant's trunk, and long
enough to touch the knees
• Hands like lotuses about to bloom
• Fingertips turned back like petals
• head like an egg;
• Hair like scorpion stingers
• Chin like a mango stone
• Nose like a parrot's beak
• Earlobes lengthened by the earrings of royalty
• Eyelashes like a cow's
• Eyebrows like drawn bows.
Tibetan Art
- Also called Lamaism, branch of Vajrayana Tantric, or
Esoteric Buddhism that evolved from the 7th century
CE in Tibet.
- It is based mainly on the rigorous intellectual
disciplines of Madhyamika and Yogachara philosophy
and utilizes the Tantric ritual practices that developed
in Central Asia and particularly in Tibet.
- Tibetan Buddhism also incorporates the monastic
disciplines of early Theravada Buddhism and the
shamanistic features of the indigenous
- Tibetan religion, Bon. Tibetan art is primarily sacred
art, drawing elements from the religions of
Buddhism, Hinduism, Bon, and various tribal groups,
and reflecting the over-riding influence of Tibetan
Buddhism.
Sand Mandala
- a Tibetan Buddhist tradition involving the creation and
destruction of mandalas made from coloured sand.
- A sand mandala is ritualistically dismantled once it has
been completed and its accompanying ceremonies and
viewing are finished to symbolize the Buddhist
doctrinal belief in the transitory nature of material life.
Vajrayana Buddhism
- (also known as Tantric
Buddhism, Tantrayāna, Esoteric Buddhism, and
the Diamond Vehicle)
- refers to a family of Buddhist lineages found primarily
in Tibet and Japan, which combine Mahayana ideals
with a body of esoteric knowledge and tantric practice.
- Tibetan Buddhism contains Tantric Buddhism, Also
known as Vajrayana Buddhism for its common
synbolism of the vajra, The diamond thunderbolt
known in Tibetan as the dorje.
Vietnamese Art
- Encompasses art created in Vietnam or by Vietnamese
artists, from ancient times to the present. Vietnamese
art has a long and rich history. Clay pottery of
the Neolithic Age dates as far back as 8,000 B.C.E..
Decorative elements from ceramics of the Bronze Age
were used to ornament large, elaborately-incised
bronze cast drums of the Dong Son culture that
flourished in North Vietnam (from about
1,000 B.C.E. to the fourth century B.C.E.)
- Traditional Vietnamese art is art practiced in Vietnam
or by Vietnamese artist, from ancient times including
the elaborate Dong Son drums to post-Chinese
domination art which was strongly influenced by
Chinese Buddhist art, among other philosophies such
as Taoism and Confucianism.
Ancient Architecture:
Ly dynasty
- opened the new change for architecture during
developing feudal state. Generally, Ly dynasty’s
architecture was five orthodox styles: citadels, palaces,
castles, pagodas, and houses. It was influenced by
Buddhism and served Buddhism. So Thang Long
capital culture deeply mirrored characteristic of the
tower-pagoda. In 1031, there were 950 pagodas that
built during King Ly Thai Tong.
Calligraphy:
Quốc ngữ
- A Lunar New Year banner written in Vietnamese
calligraphy; the Quốc ngữsyllables
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PHILIPPINE ART
- Before the colonizers came to the Philippines, ethnic
minorities have used art not only for daily activities but
also for religious rituals and practices.
- There are different art forms emerged in the
Philippines art scene. Most art forms used by ethic
communities include pottery, weaving, carving and the
use of metalwork and jewelry.
Pottery
- produced items that are practical value for the early
Filipinos, such as pots for cooking and large vases for
storing.
Manunggal Jar
- One of the most prominent artifacts related to pottery
is the Manunggal Jar found in Palawan.
- This jar is a representation of the early Filipinos
‘religious beliefs and practices.
- It serves as a burial jar. This reflect their beliefs in
afterlife- the crossing of the body of water is transition
from life.
Weaving
- One of the earliest forms of art expression in the
Philippines.
- They are known for their colorful woven cloth, which
is also known for their women abaca cloth called
t’nalak
- They use this particular to make ornaments, which also
represent their beliefs through symbols.
Woodcarvings
- Depicts animals like birds, which are representation of
their religious beliefs.
- According to the local stories, birds serve as the
messenger of the people to the heaven and vice versa.
- In Mindanao, Tausug and Maranao people are known
for their okir, which are designs applied to their
woodcarvings. There common subjects include the
sarimanok naga and the pako rabong.
- Each subject represents a certain theme or motif but
generally, these symbols depict their beliefs as a
people.
Okir
- It is an artistic cultural heritage of the Maranaos of
Lanae, Philippines.
- It is as an artistic design of the Maranao native
inhabitants of southern Philippines beginning from the
early 6th Century C.E. before the lslamization of the
area.
- It is a design or pattern often rendered or curved in
hardwood, brass, silver and wall painting in curvilinear
lines and Arabic geometric figures.
- Patterns:
- In the book of Dr. Nagasura Madale, it explains
that the Okir has patterns which are used by the
Maranao artists.
1. Matilak (circle)
2. Poyok(bud)
3. Dapal (leaf)
4. Pako (fern or spiral form)
5. Todi (fern leaf with spiral at upper edge)
6. Pako lungat (fern leaf with a cut at one
edge)
Sarimanok and Naga
- The naga forms an S-shaped, depicting and elaborate
figure of a mythical dragon or serpent.
- The numerous curved lines serving as detail for the
figure depicts the scales.
- The fern gracefully stems and tapers upward.
- The sarimanok and naga are usually used as
ornamental designs for the houses of the sultans.
• Art was used by the Spaniard to propagate their
Christian faith while at the same time, establish their
foot hold in the century. The Church became the sole
patron of the arts.
• Art became one of the venues for Filipino nationalism
and stood against the colorizers would be Juan Luna’s
“Spoliarium”
• Philippines liberated from the Spanish rule, the
Americans took over to establish a colonial to establish
s colonial government. They also propagated their
culture and beliefs through the implementation of
public-school systems.
• Philippines became independent state transitioning
into the formation of its national identity.
• Artist focused on modern takes when it comes to
content, form and subject matter.
• Art should be done as “proletarian art” or “art for art’s
sake”
As modern paintings started to emerge, a triumvirate
of artist was formed:
- Carlos Francisco
- Galo b. Ocampo
- Victorio Edades
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 ARTA111
• 1990s proved to be a period of modernism and
dynamism with a lot of styles, Techniques and
methods emerging.
• Most artwork were reflections of the political, social
and economic situation of the Philippines during
Marcos administration
• A period where in people embodied and advocated for
nationalist idea.
• When former President Marcos declared Martial law,
social realism became the norm. Most artwork were
form of protest against government’s suppression of
freedom of speech and expression.
• Some of artwork reflected issue like economic
problems, land performers, gender rights, worker’s
right and cultural minorities plaguing the Filipino
people brought by Martial Law.
• Photography has involves into an art form, which
highlights various artistic expression evident in variety
of events, scene and activities.
Precolonial/ Pre-Philippines culture
- Emerged with the influenced of the Colonizers and
Chinese traders that melted and evolved to its own
unique Classical Filipino Identity.
- Philippines was dived set of nations, island and
tributes being ruled by their own specific Social Kings,
Chief tains, Lakans, Datus, Rajahs and Sultans. Every
nation has its own identity and some are even part of a
larger Empire outside the modern-day map.
- The advent of the colonial arrival to the islands started.
The modern-day Philippines, as it was during that time
united islands of today known as the Philippines was
created.
- These cultures the melted from pre-colonial internal
and external influence is very evident in the pre-
modern arts and tradition of the Philippines.
• Paintings of Jose Honorato Lozano has clear
indication of East and West influence.
• Kut-kut Art
- The merging of these things ancient styles
produces a unique artwork characterized by
delicate swirling and interwoven lines, multi-
layered texture and an illusion of three-
dimensional space.
Modern Sculptures
- Of all the new art forms introduced, the filipino took
to sculpture from the Spanish instantly.
- the carving of anito was transformed into sculptures of
the saints.
- Santos were used primarily for the church altars and
retablos. It also replaced the anitos in the altars of the
native homes.
Classical Philippine Sculpture reached its peak the
works of:
• Juan de los Santos
- (ca. 1590 ca. 1660) of San pablo, Laguna.
- sculptor and silversmith
• Bonifacio Monument
- Guillermo Tolentino (1890-1976)
- a group sculpture composed of numerous figures
massed around a central obelisk.
- leader of the revolution against Spain in 1896.
• Fredesvinda
- which was included in the First ASEAN
- sculpture Symposium held in Fort Canning Hill,
Singapore, From March 27 to April 26, 1981
shows the vitality of primitive forms
- Napoleon Abueva (born 1930)
- the pioneering modernists in sculpture.
- he uses various media
- one of Tolentino's pupil
FAMOUS PHILIPPINE ARTIST
Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo (1855-1913)
- He won a silver medal for his entry in large canvas,
Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace at the
Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts.
- The Artist’s Mother (1888)
Juan Luna (1857-1899)
- Won a Gold medal in the 1948 Madrid Exposition
- Stayed on an apartment close to the Hidalgo’s
Fernando Amorsolo (1892-1972)
- Was a National Artist Awardee.
- 1920-1945: golden years
- Went to Madrid year 1917
Vicente Manansala (1910-1981)
- Most popular progressive artist
- Recognized as National Artist year 1982
Carlos “Botong” V. Francisco (1912-1969)
- One of the best mural artists in the Philippines
- Stayed in Agono
- Had his own version of Post-Impresionism
Mauro “Malang” Santos (1928-2017)
- Illustrator-catoonist
- Abstract painting
Jose Joya (1931 – 1955)
- Magna Cum Laude at the University of the Philippines
in 1953
- Cranbook Academy of Art in 1957
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 ARTA111
Famous Philippine Composers
Col. Antonio Buenaventura
- He obtained a teacher’s diploma in composition and
conducting from the University of the Philippines. And
later on became a faculty member of the UP
Conservatory of Music.
- In 1987 he was commissioned into the military service
and later became music and band conductor of the
PMA in Baguio City.
- He composed short piano song pieces, hymns and
songs, pieces, and theater music.
- Triumphal March," "Echoes of the Past," "History
Fantasy," Second Symphony in E-flat, ''Echoes from
the Philippines," "Ode to Freedom."
Lucio D. San Pedro (1912-2002)
- He married Gertudes Dias with 5 children.
- During his graduation in grade VII He played the poet
and peasant Overture on banjo.
- He started composing song in College.
- He was assistant conductor to Conductor
- He conducted the Musical Philippines Philharmonic
Orchestra and a Musical Presented at the Metropolitan
Theatre.
- His orchestral music include The Devil's Bridge,
Malakas at Maganda Overture,Prelude and Fugue in D
minor, Hope and Ambition; choral music Easter
Cantata, Sa Mahal Kong Bayan, Rizal's Valedictory
Poem; vocal music Lulay,Sa Ugoy ng Duyan, In the
Silence of the Night; and band music Dance of the
Fairies, Triumphal March, Lahing Kayumanggi,
Angononian March
Felipe Padilla De Leon
- A composer, conductor and a former student at UP
Conservatory of Music.
- He was appointed assistant instructor at the UP
Department of Science and Composition.
- He became a technical assistant on cultural affairs in
the office of the President of the Philippines.
- He was a president of the Filipino Society of
Composer, Authors and Publisher.
- He was a President of the Pambansang Samahan ng
mga Banda sa Pilipinas and the Diwa ng Nuweba
Esiha.
- A trustee of the Music Promotion Foundation of the
Philippines.
- Director of the SONGFEST Philippines and Felin
Institute of the Philippines.
- De Leon’s Orchestral music include:
• Mariang Makiling Overture (1939)
• Roca Encantada, symphonic legend (1950)
• Maynila Overture (1976)
• Orchesterstuk(1981)
• Choral music like, Payapang Daigdig, Ako’y
Pilipino, Lupang Tinubuan, Ama Namin.
• Songs like Bulaklak, Alitaptap, and Mutya ng
Lahi.
Lucrecia R. Casilag
- Obtained a Music Teacher’s Diploma major in Piano
from St. Schoscholarlastica’s University
- She was a grantee of Fullbright Foundation at the
Eastern School of music degree major in theory and
minor composition.
- Her orchestral music includes Love Songs, Legend of
the Sarimanok, Ang Pamana, Philippine Scenes, Her
Son, Jose, Sisa and chamber music like Awi ng mga
Awit Psalms, Fantaisie on a 4-Note Theme and East
Meets Jazz Ethnika.
Antonio Molina
- Versatile musician, composer and music educator.
- A faculty member of the UP Consevatory of Music.
- He was a conductor in the concert stage of various
schools, church, choirs, orchestra, bands and rondallas.
- He was a member of UP President Committee on
Filipino Folksongs and Dances and a Secretary of the
Conservatory of Music.
- Molina’s most familiar composition is Hatinggabi, a
serenade for solo violin and piano accompaniment.
- Other works are (orchestral music) Misa Antoniana
Grand Festival Mass, Ang Batingaw, Kundiman-
Kundangan; (chamber music) Hating Gabi, String
Quartet, Kung sa Iyong Gunita, Pandangguhan; (vocal
music) Amihan, Awit ni Maria Clara, Larawan Nitong
Pilipinas.
Un mga pictures nasa isang pdf haa “ARTA111 – Pictures”
Lahat yan copy paste lang galing sa ppt ng canvas. Tinamad
na ako eee HAHAHA ihighlight nyo nlng un importante or
bawasan nyo nlng kung gusto nyo (inupload ko naman un
docx nito)
Goood luckkk!! Aral maigi – Aki
Ak i | 13