Version 1.

3 in English (Final Version) 16030100

TORNIO '44
Finnish naval landing behind the German lines
RULES MANUAL
NORWAY
III/6
K.Gr. Wutti
II/11
11
82
SWEDEN
K.Gr. Steets
3
U.S.S.R.
I/50
FINLAND
II/50
FINLAND

14
13
III/50
SWEDEN II/53 II/379
I/53 13
TORNIO
III/53 K.Gr. Tornio
SS 6
I/11
11.D II/11
D.Gr. Kräutler
III/11 II/206 520
HAPARANDA
424
I/16

3.D

6
K.Gr. Kemi

II/16

Os.P
KEMI

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................... 2
2.0 LIST OF CONTENTS ............................................... 2
3.0 ABBREVIATIONS ................................................... 2
4.0 GAME COMPONENTS ........................................... 2
5.0 GAME TERMS ......................................................... 3
6.0 SEQUENCE OF PLAY ............................................. 3
7.0 STACKING LIMIT ................................................... 4
8.0 FOG OF WAR ........................................................... 4
9.0 HEX CONTROL & ZONE OF CONTROL (ZOC) .. 5
10.0 HEX OWNERSHIP ................................................ 5
11.0 COUP (COUP DE MAIN) ...................................... 5
12.0 WEATHER .............................................................. 5
13.0 SUPPLY ................................................................... 5
14.0 REPLACEMENTS .................................................. 6
15.0 ENGINEER UNITS & DEMOLITIONS ................ 6
16.0 AT START UNITS & REINFORCEMENTS .......... 7
17.0 MOVEMENT .......................................................... 8
Version 1.3: All errata fixed, more clarifications, new font (Times New Roman), larger text, and more air on each page.
18.0 TERRAIN ................................................................ 8
19.0 OVERRUN .............................................................. 9
20.0 AIR STRIKE ........................................................... 9
21.0 SUPPORT UNITS & INDIRECT FIRE SUPPORT 10
22.0 COMBAT .............................................................. 10
23.0 BROKEN UNITS .................................................. 14
24.0 ADVANCE AFTER COMBAT ............................. 15
25.0 EXPLOITATION ................................................... 15
26.0 MOTTI (ISOLATION) .......................................... 15
27.0 NIGHTTIME (B) GAME TURNS ........................ 15
28.0 ALCOHOL DEPOTS ............................................ 16
29.0 HOW TO WIN ...................................................... 16
30.0 PREPARE FOR PLAY .......................................... 17
31.0 OPTIONAL RULES ............................................. 18
HISTORICAL SUMMARY .......................................... 18
DESIGNER'S NOTES .................................................. 20
APPENDIX ................................................................... 21

Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved. 1

 TORNIO '44

1.0 INTRODUCTION
TORNIO '44 is a historically accurate and detailed
wargame about the battle between Finnish and German
forces at the towns of Tornio and Kemi in Northern
Finland on October 1—8, 1944.
1.1 Game Scale: All units are either Companies or
Batteries. Each hex represents 1 kilometer (0.62 mile)
across and each Game Turn is 12 hours, either as a Daytime
or a Nighttime Game Turn.
1.2 Number of Players: The game is designed for two
players from 12 years and up, one player controlling the
Finnish units and the other player controlling the German
units. It is also possible to play the game solitaire by playing
each nationality to its best ability. This will, however, take
away some Fog of War feeling.
4.4 Counters: The counters are divided into units and
markers. A reduced size sample of the countersheet with
both its frontside and backside is on page 22, included for
reference only. All Finnish counters have a blue color, while
the German counters have either a green (Heer – Army),
a light gray (Luftwaffe) or a dark gray (Waffen-SS) color.
The different German colors are included for historical
reference only. All white counters are markers.
4.4.1 Units: All units have a frontside [Front] and backside,
[Back] and are divided into two main types; Combat Units
and Support Units [4.4.2 & 4.4.3].
4.4.2 Unit Descriptions:
Combat Unit:
Added Unit Type Info Front Back (Reduced)
(in gray color) [4.4.3] Unit Size [4.4.6]

I/11

I/11
◊

4.

4.
Identification [4.4.4] Designation [4.4.5]
1.3 Getting Started: [1] Start by reading through the sec-
Attack Factor* [22.0] 6 -8-5 3 -4-5 Unit Type [4.4.3]
tions 2.0—29.0 in this Rules Manual. The Prepare for Play
section [30.0] is on page 17 (with the numbers [2]—[12]). Defense Factor [22.0] Movement Factor [17.0]
* Letter H = 0.5 Factor [22.0].
2.0 LIST OF CONTENTS Support Unit:
1 Rules Manual (16 pages). Version 1.3 is 24 pages. Long-range capability Front Back (Reduced)
2 Identical Player Aid Cards (Support Unit) [21.2] 7 7 Unit Type [4.4.3]

21.

21.
◊

11

11
2 Order of Battle Cards (Finnish & German)
Support Factor [21.0] Darker color inside
1 Countersheet (228 die-cut counters) (inside a rectangle) 6 2 -8 3 1 -8 the Unit Type box
1 Map (84 x 59.4 centimeters / 33 x 23 inches)
Close Defense Factor* [21.3] Motorized Markings [17.1]
2 Regular six-sided dice - not included in the ziplock
version! * Used when defending in Combat [22.0] and in Overrun [19.0].

4.4.3 Unit Types (NATO-Symbols):

3.0 ABBREVIATIONS Infantry
AP — Action Point OOB — Order of Battle
N Supply/Nachschub unit
DR(M) — Die Roll (Modifier) RP — Replacement Point
MF — Movement Factor VP — Victory Point Recon/Bicycle Infantry
MP — Movement Point ZOC — Zone of Control Ski Infantry
Jager/Jäger/Jääkäri
4.0 GAME COMPONENTS Replacement/Ersatz
4.1 Rules Manual: The rules are divided into sections Light Antiaircraft
and subsections. A rule that refers to another section or
Heavy Antiaircraft
subsection is shown inside brackets. Examples: [4.0], [4.4]
& [4.4.1]. Designer’s notes, tips, rule examples and certain Antitank. Artillery [17.1]
words are printed in italic letters. (Heavy) Machine gun ¹
4.1 Clarification: A brighter colored box, like this one, Mountain/Gebirgs ¹
explains a specific rule furthermore. These clarifications Engineer/Pionier/Pioneeri ²
have been taken from the official Mikugames errata.
Tank/Panzer/Panssari ²
4.2 Player Aid Card: All tables have been collected onto Mortar (Support Unit)
one card (one per player and printed on both sides) for
Field Artillery (Support Unit). Artillery [17.1]
easier reference.
Rocket Artillery (Support Unit). Artillery [17.1]
4.3 Order of Battle (OOB) Cards: All units that histori-
cally took part in the battle at Tornio-Kemi 1944 are shown ¹ The (Heavy) Machine gun and Mountain/Gebirgs unit type
on the frontside of the Finnish and German OOB cards. symbols are never pictured alone but are always together
The units are shown with their accurate identifications and with another unit type symbol which always represents the
organization on the backside of each OOB card. This is main unit type.
included for historical reference only. Players may at any ² Only Engineer [15.0] and Tank units [24.1] have a special
time look at each other’s OOBs during play. feature in the game. See also optional rules 31.1—31.6.

2 Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.

 TORNIO '44
4.4.4 Identification: All units have an identification in-
cluded for historical reference and for easier reference in
the game.
4.4.5 Designation: Most of the units have a designation
included for historical reference and for easier reference
in the game when the Stacking markers are used [7.1]. If
a designation is printed in parentheses, no such Stacking
marker exists in the game. If a unit has no designation it is
considered to be an independent/separate unit.
4.4.6 Unit Size: All units in the game have the size of a
Company or a Battery, generally comprised of about 100—
250 men. The term Battery is often used for artillery units.
4.4.7 Markers: Markers are used in the game to show
certain game functions or unit states. All markers have
information on both sides. They are explained in the
appropriate section or subsection in the rules. Markers can
never be treated as units.
4.5 Map: The map depicts the towns of Tornio and Kemi
and their vicinity, superimposed by a hexagonal grid called
hexes for unit positioning and movement regulation.
Every fifth hex is identified by a four-digit code, called
a hex number. Example: 2105. The hex numbers run in
an increasing manner from west to east and from north to
south. The map also includes a Terrain Key, a Marker Box,
three tracks used for various game features, and Finnish and
German Stacking Marker Boxes. A reduced size sample of
the map is on page 23, included for reference only.
Designer’s tip: A piece of plexiglass is a good investment.
It is used for covering the map, both for protection and to
keep the map flat.
4.6 Dice: Two regular six-sided dice with the numbers
(pips) from 1—6 are included in the game (or needed if
you have a ziplock version of the game). The dice are used
when resolving combat and other game features. The dice
are not used when moving units.
5.0 GAME TERMS
5.1 Legal/Illegal Hex: A legal hex is a hex where a unit
may move and/or attack into (combat) according to the 18.6
Terrain Effects Table. Illegal hexes may never be entered
by any units [18.4].
5.2 Target Hex: A target hex is a hex where a player will
make a Demolition [15.0], Overrun [19.0], Air Strike
[20.0], Indirect Fire Support [21.0] and/or a combat [22.0].
A target hex must always contain at least one enemy unit
(or a bridge [15.0 & 20.0]).
5.3 Friendly Hex/Unit, etc.: The term friendly refers to
something that is controlled by you - not by your opponent,
see also 10.0 Hex Ownership.
5.4 Phasing (Active) Player & Non-Phasing (Passive) [3] Player 1: Combat Phase:
Player: During the Finnish Player Turn the Finnish player
is the Phasing Player, while the German player is the
Non-Phasing Player. During the German Player Turn the
phasing designations are reversed.
Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.
5.5 Zone of Control (ZOC): ZOC is the control of a hex
and all six surrounding legal hexes [9.0]. All Combat Units
have a ZOC in Daytime. Support Units never have ZOC.
5.6 Reduced Strength Side: A unit on its backside with
reduced combat or support ability, meaning lower Combat
Factors or Support Factor [4.4.2].
5.7 River/Road: The sole term river or road refers to both
types included in the game.
6.0 SEQUENCE OF PLAY
The game is played in a series of
Game Turns, each divided into two
Finnish ◊ German
TURN TURN Player Turns consisting of 3 or 4
Phases each. Each Phase is again
divided into a number of sub-phases. The process when
going through all of the Phases is called a Sequence of
Play. All Phases and sub-phases must be played in the order
as listed in the 6.1 Sequence of Play Table (the rules in
brackets are included for easier reference). The game ends
when all sixteen Game Turns (1A—8B) have been played
OR immediately when the Finnish player has less than 0.5
VP or more than 39.5 VPs [29.0]. Both Player Turns in
each Game Turn are otherwise always played. The player
who is most successful during the Coup starts the game
[11.0]. On all subsequent Game Turns, the player who was
most successful in the previous Game Turn in terms of
VPs, gains the initiative. On a tie, it is decided by a die roll.
The highest result begins (re-roll on a tie). In this way, a
player may gain up to two Player Turns in a row. Place the
TURN marker on the Game Turn track on the map and use
the marker side that currently has the Player Turn.
6.1 Sequence of Play Table: See also in the Player Aid
Card.
6.1.1 DAYTIME (A) GAME TURN:
[0] Initiative Check: Determine which player has the first
Player Turn (as Player 1) & reset the VP Diff. marker
[29.3].
[1] Player 1: Initial Phase:
1a: Determine the Weather [12.0] (in each Player Turn)
(not in Game Turn 1A);
1b: Check the Supply status [13.0] (not in Game Turn 1A);
1c: Remove or Reduce Broken Levels, if in supply
[23.1];
1d: Place Nationality markers [8.1];
1e: German Player Turn: Attempt Demolitions [15.0].
[2] Player 1: Movement Phase:
2a: Reinforcements may arrive - see OOB Card [16.2];
2b: Move any number of units [17.0];
- Overruns are allowed [19.0].
3a: Resolve any Air Strike [20.0] (not in Game Turn 1A);
3b: Resolve Attacker Indirect Fire Support [21.0];
3c: Resolve Defender Indirect Fire Support [21.0];
3d: Resolve all Combat [22.0].
3
 
 TORNIO '44

[4] Player 1: Exploitation Phase:
4a: Move any number of Combat Units half MF - not
combat or enemy ZOC [25.0];
in
- Overruns are allowed [19.0].
Player 2: Repeat all Phases [1]—[4] above (play all

Phases & sub-phases) and proceed to 6.1.2 Nighttime
(B) Game Turn.
6.1.2 NIGHTTIME (B) GAME TURN [27.0]:
[0] Initiative Check: Determine which player has the first
Player Turn (as Player 1) & reset the VP Diff. marker
[29.3].
[1] Player 1: Initial Phase:
1a: Remove or Reduce Broken Levels, if in supply
[23.1];
1b: Place Nationality markers [8.1];
Palosaari
1c: Place 1 RP on an unbroken Combat Unit on a road
or railroad hex [14.0];
1d: German Player Turn: Attempt Demolitions
(with at least -1 DRM) [15.0 & 27.3].
[2] Player 1: Movement Phase:
2a: German Player Turn: Reinforcements may arrive
- see OOB Card [16.2];
2b: Move any number of units half MF. Restricted
Road Bonus [17.0, 27.1 & 27.3].
[3] Player 1: Combat Phase:
3a: Resolve Attacker Indirect Fire Support
(with at least -1 DRM) [21.0 & 27.3];
3b: Resolve Defender Indirect Fire Support
(with at least -1 DRM) [21.0 & 27.3];
3c: Resolve all Combat
(subtract at least 1 odds ratio) [22.0 & 27.2].
Player 2: Repeat all Phases [1]—[3] above (play all
Phases & sub-phases) and proceed to 6.1.1 Daytime (A)
Game Turn.
7.0 STACKING LIMIT
Up to 10 units may be in a single hex, regardless of
unit type, unit status or terrain. This is the equivalent of
two strengthened Battalions. There is no stacking limit
for markers. Nationality markers may also be used for
hiding the top counter in a stack [8.1]. It is the owning
player’s choice to decide in what  order
  to stack in each
hex. The stacking limit may temporarily be violated during
movement. Exception: Not in an Overrun [19.0].
7.1 Stacking Markers: Both players may
use Stacking markers to avoid high stacks of
A6 counters in a single hex. The Stacking markers
have no Combat or Movement Factors. They
represent each Battalion that took part in the battle. Each
Stacking marker may include up to 5 units. Keep the
Stacking markers in the Stacking Marker Boxes on the
map. When used, place the Stacking marker in the hex
and the units and any markers from that same hex in the
appropriate Stacking Marker Box [23.2].
4 Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.
At least one of the units must be represented by the
Stacking marker [4.4.5]. The order of the Stacking Marker
Boxes is roughly based on the time of arrival of the units
represented by each Stacking marker. A Stacking marker
may immediately be used when any of its represented
(designated) units enter play. Stacking markers are treated
as HQs in optional rule 31.4.
Illustration 1: Stacking Markers
I/11
I/11
2.
1.
2010
II/50
I/11
4 -6-6 4 -6-6
3.
5.
I/11
II/50
4 -6-6 4 -6-6
4.
6.
6 -8-5 4 -6-6
2110
A B
I/11 Laivaniemi
2210
Example: The three Companies which are part of “I/11” in
stack A could be replaced with the Stacking marker “I/11”
both to minimize the stacking level and to hide the number
of units in the hex. The same Stacking marker could also
replace the units in stack B because of the one unit (1st
Company) of “I/11”.
8.0 FOG OF WAR
Players may at any time during play examine the opposing
player’s stacks of counters as long as the units of each
player are in any adjacent hexes. Otherwise, examination
is not allowed.
8.1 Nationality Markers: Both players have a
number of Nationality markers. A Nationality
marker may be placed during the Initial Phase
(only) on any friendly counter (unit or marker)
that is: (1) not adjacent to an enemy unit, and (2) not going
to take any actions (move, attack or support) during that
friendly Player Turn. In this way, even the top counter
in a stack is hidden/covered. A Nationality marker is
immediately removed from a counter when: (1) an enemy
unit is in an adjacent hex; or (2) the unit (all units) beneath
the Nationality marker moves; or (3) in terms of Support
Units, they are taking part in an Indirect Fire Support. The
color of the German Nationality markers (Heer or Waffen-
SS) is irrelevant. Nationality markers are on the other side
of all Stacking markers that represent a Combat Unit and

are therefore kept in the appropriate Stacking Marker
Boxes when not used. Both enemy Air Strikes [20.0] and
Indirect Fire Support [21.0] have a -1 DRM on a Nationality
marker. Even though such an attack is made on an enemy
Nationality marker, it is not allowed to look at the enemy
units beneath the marker. See also 10.0 Hex Ownership.
Designer’s note: It is up to the players to decide how far
they want to go with the Fog of War principle. After all,
each other’s Stacking Marker Boxes are very visible to
the other player. This could, however, be avoided with a
piece of bent cardboard (one per player) that is placed in
such a way that each player can see only his own boxes.
 TORNIO '44

Illustration 2: Nationality Markers 10.0 HEX OWNERSHIP

2010
B All hexes on the map are under German ownership at the
start of the game. Exception: All hexes that are currently

II/206
6.
II/50
occupied by a Finnish unit, are under Finnish ownership. If
5.

14
3.
4 -6-6 4 -6-8 a unit is placed in hex 3722, hex 3622 is also under Finnish
6 -8-9
2110 ownership. If a unit is placed in hex 3621, all hexes on the
island Ajossaari (all hexes south-west of hex 3521 with

I/139
II/379
2.
Palosaari

7.
44--66--68
Laivaniemi
2210
A of a hex that he currently occupies or was the last to occupy
Example: The German player has covered stack A with a
Nationality marker. This means that the Finnish player
may not examine that stack. Air Strikes and Indirect Fire
Support on stack A are allowed but with a -1 DRM (without
examining it). Stack B may not be covered because it is
adjacent to an enemy (Finnish) unit.
9.0 HEX CONTROL &
ZONE OF CONTROL (ZOC)
All units have control of the hex they currently occupy. This
is called Hex Control. In addition, all Combat Units (only)
[4.4.3 & 21.0] also have control of the six surrounding
adjacent legal hexes, but only during Daytime (A) Game
Turns. This is called Zone of Control (ZOC). If both
players have ZOC into the same hex, the hex is contested
and considered to be controlled by both players, but the
ownership of the hex still belongs to the player who was
the last to occupy it with a unit [10.0]. Enemy ZOC (and
enemy hexes [22.3]) affects movement, see Illustration 6
on page 8. The cost to move into an enemy ZOC (or hex) or
out of an enemy ZOC (or hex) is shown in the 17.5 Enemy
Hex & ZOC Cost Table. The cost is the same whether the
hex is contested or in enemy ZOC only, and regardless of
the number of Combat Units creating the enemy ZOC. See
 also Nighttime (B) Game Turns in 27.0.
Illustration 3: Hex Control & Zone of
Control (ZOC)
(Daytime)
1910
F A
(I/47)
I/139
3.
the hex 3521 included) are under Finnish ownership (1 VP
gained for Ajos). During play, a player has the ownership
with a unit. ZOC is not enough to gain ownership of a hex
or└ a VP-object┘ [29.0]. Nationality markers [8.1] may also
be used as a reminder of which player currently has the
ownership of a certain hex.
10.0 Clarification: A player can only gain ownership of a
hex that has been entered by a friendly unit. For example,
if a Finnish unit starts the game in hex 3621, the German
player must enter the port Ajos (hex 3917) with a Ger-
man unit in order to gain ownership of the port. 
11.0 COUP (COUP DE MAIN)
On the first Initiative Check, before the game actually
begins, a Coup takes place in Tornio (hex 1502) and/or in
Kemi (hex 3220) by the two Finnish units of Larjo. Roll
one die per Coup and consult the 11.1 Coup Table. There
is a -1 DRM for a Coup in Kemi, and if a Coup includes
only one Larjo unit. The modifiers are cumulative. If any
Coup is a failure, all German units on the map and the two
reinforcements have been alerted and they may move up to
a quarter (¼) of their MF. If the Finnish player gained no
VPs at all in the Coup(s), see rule 29.2. Any VPs lost in a

Coup reduces the VP value in the Coup hex permanently.

11.1 Coup Table: See the Player Aid Card. 
12.0 WEATHER
The weather is determined
on all Daytime (A) Player
Sunny Cloudy Turns, starting on Game
Turn 2A. Game Turn 1A is

G
2.

always Cloudy. The weather affects only Air Strikes [20.0]

ZOC Contested 14--26--88
and Naval Landings [16.2.3] in the game. Roll a die and
2010
consult the 12.1 Weather Table. During Sunny weather, no
E B
II/50
7.

penalties take place. During Cloudy weather, no Air Strikes

ZOC 4 -6-6 Contested
are allowed. During Stormy weather, neither Air Strikes
2110
nor any Naval Landings are allowed. Naval Landings are
D C  units arrive) until the first Daytime (A) Finnish
delayed (no
A6
4.

alosaari ZOC Contested

Laivaniemi
2210
Example: The Finnish unit has ZOC to all of its six adjacent
hexes (A—F). Hexes A—C are contested because both the
Finnish and the German unit(s), to include the hidden stack
in hex G, have ZOC into these three hexes. If it was a
Nighttime (B) Game Turn, none of the units would have
ZOC and no hexes would be contested.
2 -4-9 Player Turn when the weather is not Stormy.
12.1 Weather Table: See the Player Aid Card.
13.0 SUPPLY
All units currently in play must be in supply in order to
function without restrictions. Supply is checked on every
Daytime (A) Game Turn starting on Game Turn 2A. In
order for a unit to be in supply, a supply route of no more
than 10 Foot (class) Combat Unit MPs [17.1] (non-artillery

Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved. 5 


[4.4.3]) along legal hexes must be drawn from the unit (hex
exclusive) directly to a supply depot (hex inclusive) OR to
any road and/or railroad hex leading to a supply depot. The
length of the road/railroad may be unlimited. The supply
route may not pass through enemy occupied hexes or enemy
ZOC unless the hex is contested or occupied by a friendly
unit. See 17.5 Enemy Hex & ZOC Cost Table. A unit that
is unable to draw a supply route is considered to be Broken
1 Level. A unit still out of supply on the next Game Turn is
considered to be Broken 2 Levels, which is the maximum
level, use rule 23.0 in all respects. In game terms, a unit
will never lose a step if it is unable to trace a supply route.
Finnish units may not use German supply depots and vice
versa, but re-captured friendly supply depots may be used.
Any number of units may use the same supply depot for
any number of Game Turns even if the supply depot is in
Motti [26.0]. Broken units must also check for supply on
Nighttime (B) Game Turns to remove or reduce a Broken
Level [23.1].
13.0 Clarification 1: Supply status is always checked for
the Phasing Player’s units only.
13.0 Clarification 2: It is possible to draw supply from a
non-active Landing Site without alerting the German side
[16.2.1]. For example, it is possible to draw supply from
Ajos (hex 3917) and still keep a Low Alarm Level if only
Röyttä (hex 2602) has been used for Naval Landings.
13.0 Clarification 3: Supply is checked only on Daytime
(A) Game Turns, not on Nighttime (B) Game Turns.
Units that have a broken status (Broken 1 or 2 Level)

on Nighttime (B) Game Turns may, however, reduce the
Broken Level one step if the unit is in supply = can trace a
supply line of up to 5 Foot (class) Combat Unit MPs. This
 means that if the unit is not in supply on a Nighttime (B)


Game Turn, the unit may not reduce a Broken Level.
13.1 Finnish Supply Depots  : Hexes 2602, 2918,
3220, 3625 (only from Game Turn 5A onwards), 3722 and
3917 - as long as the Finnish player has ownership of the
hex [10.0].
13.2 German Supply Depots  : Hexes 0111, 0201,
0603, 1224, 1324, 1504, 2622 and 3625 (only until Game
Turn 4B) - as long as the German player has ownership of
the hex [10.0].
Illustration 4: Supply Route (Daytime)
i a

e s
s
k
a ki
n j
1405
oki
joki
6.5 5.5 3.5 2-4-8

Pikku-
1505
Yliraumo 10.5 7.5
C
 
Berliini


 6 3

Pudas
1605
12
Ra u
 7.5
1705
m Alaraumo
on
jo k

Example: Unit A is in supply because it can trace a supply
 route that is no more than 10 MPs to a road that leads to
the supply depot in hex C. Unit B is out of supply because
its supply route is 12 MPs. Place a Broken 1 Level marker
on unit B. Note: The Finnish unit’s ZOC affects the supply
route for both German units.
TORNIO '44
14.0 REPLACEMENTS
Both players receive 1 Replacement Point (RP) on every
Nighttime (B) Game Turn starting on Game Turn 2B. Any
unbroken Combat Unit (only) in play which is currently
on a road or railroad hex and on its reduced side may be
flipped to its frontside. The unit may be adjacent to enemy
units, but not in Close Combat [22.3] or Motti [26.0]. Units
that have been removed from the game for any reason may
not re-enter play at a later stage. The RP may not be saved
for any future Game Turn. If a RP cannot be placed on any
unit during a Game Turn, it is permanently lost. The same
unit may receive 1 RP several times in the game.
15.0 ENGINEER UNITS &
DEMOLITIONS
Each unbroken German
(Br.139)
Achtung! Brücke
17.
◊
Gefahr! Engineer unit (only) may
kaputt!
4 -4-9  make one demolition
attempt per Game Turn
and only on the Tornionjoki (hex 1603) and/or Kemijoki
(hex 2420) River Bridges (marked ). On a demolition
attempt, place an Achtung! Gefahr! marker on the Engineer
unit, roll a die and consult the 15.2 Bridge Demolition



Results Table. Several Engineer units may choose the same
target, but they have to make a separate demolition attempt.
No other units may be in the hex during an attempt. The
Engineer unit may not move or participate in any combat
during that Player Turn. On a Successful demolition result,
flip the Achtung! Gefahr! marker to its Brücke kaputt!
marker side and subtract Finnish VPs. Bridges cannot be
repaired. In terms of the Kemijoki River Bridge, consult
the 15.3 Bridge K Destroyed VP-cost Table. K stands for
Kemijoki. On a Neither demolition result, only half of the
 VPs for the bridge are subtracted on the VP-track. The
Achtung! Gefahr! marker remains in the hex and any future
attempt will have a +1 DRM. Also, all units pay an
additional 2 MPs to enter the hex in addition to the terrain.
Note: Each Neither result will give a +1 DRM in any future

└ attempt, but only a Success result will destroy a bridge
┘
(with the remaining half VPs subtracted on the VP-track).
On a Failed demolition result the marker is removed until

a new demolition attempt is made. A demolition attempt 


during a Nighttime (B) Game Turn [27.0] or in enemy ZOC
Finland [9.0] will result in a -1 DRM. German Air Strikes on the 

ä r

vi
j
1410
two bridges are also allowed [20.2]. See optional rule 31.6.
oki
B
(I/47)
3.
1510 15.1 Crossing Rivers: All Engineer units may assist other
III/11
II/379
friendly units that are crossing a river (of any type). When
11.
7.
2 4 -6-6 4 -6-6
1610
A an Engineer unit is on any side of the river, other units pay
1710
half the normal cost for crossing the river (into or out from
Laivajärvi the same hex as the Engineer unit) whatever the situation.
The Engineer unit itself must pay 6 MPs. An Engineer
unit that is actively participating in an attack across a river
will reduce the combat modifier for the river by half in
the combat. This means that a Minor River with a bridge
would have a combat modifier of 0 instead of -1 (+0.5 for
the Engineer unit and +0.5 for the bridge [22.4]).

6 Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.

 TORNIO '44
15.2 Bridge Demolition Results Table: See the Player
Aid Card.
15.3 Bridge K Destroyed VP-cost Table: See the Player
Aid Card.
 [21.5] on the Game Turn they arrive, no matter what.
Illustration 5: Crossing Rivers
2215
A time of arrival of German reinforcements is dependent
14
3.
aakamo
6 -8-9
2315
(6)
3.
Pö r
9 4 -4-9
C
II/82
5.
h4 ö2 -5 Laurila
l B
2415
än
Example: The Engineer unit in hex B may assist the other
German unit in the same hex in crossing the Minor River.
If the Engineer unit was in hex C instead, it could assist
also the German unit crossing from hex A to C. If a Finnish
unit was in hex C, the Engineer unit could halve the combat
modifier for the Minor River in an attack on hex C.
Designer’s notes: (1) Historically, there were two bridges
that crossed the Kemijoki River at Laurila, one on each
side of the small island in the middle of the river. In game
terms, both bridges are affected in a demolition attempt,
which takes place in hex 2420 only. (2) Only the two most
important (largest) bridges on the map can be destroyed.
(3) Only Engineer units may make demolition attempts

and assist in river crossings in the game although smaller
engineer units could exist in other Companies as well.
 if any Finnish unit has exited the map from that hex, also
16.0 AT START UNITS &


REINFORCEMENTS
16.1 At Start Units: Both players start the game with a
number of units already in play. Most of the units must start
in a specific hex or may choose between two or more hexes
(see on the OOB Cards). Six of the German units are either
placed in the hexes mentioned on the German OOB Card
or any adjacent legal hex. All the six hexes must be used,
which means one unit per hex. Note: No German units may
start the game in the same hex as a Finnish unit.  
16.2 Reinforcements: Both players may receive rein- 
forcements in the game. Reinforcements may be delayed
to any future Game Turn but they must always arrive (enter
play) in the hex according to the OOB Cards. In terms of
hex 3625, if for any reason it is not possible to enter the hex,
any east edge hex(es) south of hex 3425 (hex inclusive) may
be used instead. Other than this, if a hex is occupied by an
enemy unit, the reinforcements are delayed until a Game
Turn when the hex is clear of enemy units. Exception:
German Restriction [16.2.2]. The stacking limit (10 units)
may temporarily be violated during movement. The first
map edge hex or a Landing Site hex [16.2.3] entered by a
unit is always counted in the movement cost in addition to
any possible enemy ZOC cost [17.5]. Reinforcements are
always in supply on the Game Turn they arrive. See also
optional rule 31.5.
Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.
16.2 Clarification: All reinforcements are considered to
have moved on the Game Turn they arrive even when the
units are starting on a Landing Site hex. This means also
that all Support Units have a penalty due to movement
2220 16.2.1 German Reinforcements & Alarm Levels: The
on what Landing Site hex(es) the Finnish units have used
in the Naval Landings [16.2.3]. The German OOB Card
lists all possible
 time schedules, one per Landing Site hex;
Kemi (K), Ajos (A) and Röyttä (R). Look at the various
schedules as Alarm Levels, where a Finnish Naval Landing
2420
in Röyttä (hex 2602) is a Low Alarm Level, in Ajos (hex
3917) a High Alarm Level, and in Kemi (hex 3220) a Very

High Alarm Level. An Alarm Level can increase during
play but never decrease. Example: The Finnish player
makes on Game Turn 1A a Naval Landing in Röyttä (R)
only, but in Game Turn 2A in all three Landing Site hexes.
This means that the Alarm Level increases from a Low
level to a Very High level. This Alarm Level will be used


for the remainder of the game. If an Alarm Level changes
sure to read the German OOB carefully
during play, make
so that no reinforcements are missed as they can be listed
on several (up to three) rows.
16.2.1 Clarification: Only Finnish Naval Landings (no
other movement) will affect the German Alarm Level.
16.2.2 German Restriction: German reinforcements may
no longer arrive from hex 0111, 0201, 0401, 1224 or 1324
called a VP Exit Hex [17.2.1]. The supply depot in the
hex may not be used. In terms of hexes 0111 and 1224,
leave at least one Finnish unit in the Transfer Point hex as
a reminder of this restriction. The unit will also block any
future transfers between the Transfer Points [17.3]. In terms
of hexes 0201, 0401 and 1324 leave at least one Finnish
unit off map on the white half hex next to the VP Exit Hex.
A German reinforcement may not arrive (enter play) in the
game if all of its hexes mentioned on the German OOB
have been
 exited by a Finnish unit. Note: Hex 3625 is not
a VP Exit Hex [17.2.1].
16.2.3 Finnish Reinforcements & Naval Landings:
The Finnish player may make Naval Landings into three
Landing Site hexes as long as they are not currently
occupied by enemy units: 2602 (Röyttä), 3220 (Kemi) and
3917 (Ajos). This means that no Naval Landings may take
place as long as all three Landing Site hexes are occupied
by enemy units. Most of the Finnish reinforcements start
the game in one of these hexes. A Naval Landing into hex
2602 costs 1 MP and into hexes 3220 or 3917 3 MPs. The
cost is doubled for Support Units, Antitank units and for
the Tank unit. The terrain in the Landing Site hex is ignored
during Naval Landings only.
 
Designer’s note: Ajossaari was also named Ajos. In game 

terms, the island is named Ajossaari and the LandingSite
hex (port) is named Ajos.
 

7
 TORNIO '44
17.0 MOVEMENT
All units may move up to the limit of their Movement
Factor (MF), reduced by any Broken Level [23.0]. A stack
of units and a Stacking marker must move using the MF of
the slowest unit in the stack. A unit pays Movement Points
(MPs) for each hex entered. Different terrain types have
different costs and restrictions. A unit may move in any
direction as long as movement takes place along connected
legal hexes [5.1]. Units may not accumulate MPs for future
Game Turns or for later use in the current Movement Phase,
nor spread them between other units. The stacking limit
(10 units) may temporarily be violated during movement.
Exception: Not in an Overrun [19.0]. Suensaari
17.0 Clarification: There are no limitations on how to
move the units in terms of moving them one stack at a
time or finishing the movement of one unit before moving
another unit.
17.1 Movement Classes: Units are either motorized or
non-motorized - also called Foot units. Motorized units are
recognized by their movement markings; an underscored
MF and wheels ( ), a track ( ), or a half track ( )
beneath their unit symbol [4.4.2]. Non-motorized Artillery
units (three types are included in the game) are treated as
Foot units in all respects unless otherwise noted.
17.2 Exit Map: Units that exit the map are permanently
removed from play and may not re-enter the map again at
a later stage.
17.2.1 VP Exit Hex: Units exiting the map from a special
hex called a VP Exit Hex will be counted for VPs. It is 0.5
VP per unit (not per step) [29.4]. See also 16.2.2 German
Restriction. Both players may always "gain" VPs from the
same VP Exit Hex (the Germans on turns 8A & 8B only).
17.3 Transfer Points A & B: The map contains two special
white hexes, called Transfer Points A and B. Only German
units may use these Transfer Points and as long as the
Transfer Point is not blocked by a Finnish unit [16.2.2]. It
takes one complete Game Turn to move between these two
points in any direction, also during a Nighttime (B) Game
Turn. Any number of units may use a Transfer Point at the
same time, which means that the stacking limit may be
violated. The unit must end its movement in a Transfer Point
during a Game Turn in order to continue its movement on
the next friendly Player Turn by moving out to an adjacent
map hex from the other (or the same) Transfer Point. This
means that a unit must exit a Transfer Point (enter a map
hex) on the next Game Turn. Treat a Transfer Point hex as
a Main Road. German units may also retreat and panic into
a Transfer Point, but doing so is counted as exiting the map
[17.2]. From Game Turn 8A onwards, no new transfers are
allowed and any ongoing transfers must be finished.
17.4 One Hex Movement: A unit may always move one
 18.3 Railroads: No rail movement is allowed in the game,
hex if the unit can pay at least half of the required MPs to
enter the hex.
17.5 Enemy Hex & ZOC Cost Table: See the Player Aid
Card.
8 Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.
Illustration 6: Movement & Enemy ZOC (Daytime)
1105
I/53
2.
2.
3
4 -6-8 4 -6-6
1205
Ke r
A
op
u 1305
das
Kiviranta
I/53
Li a
1.
B 4 -6-6 k
a
1405
Example: The German unit is moving to hex B via hex A. In
hex A the cost for Open Ground (1 MP) and for crossing
the Minor River (1 MP) must be paid. The unit may then
use the road (0.5 MP) to move into hex B. In addition, the
unitmust pay twice for moving into and out of
 an enemy
ZOC (2 MPs), both in hex  A and in hex B. The total cost is
6.5 MPs.


18.0 TERRAIN
A single hex may include several types of terrain. In such
case, the terrain 
that dominates in the hex is used both in
terms of movement and as a combat modifier [22.4]. If it
is hard to determine the terrain in a hex, always use Forest
 may not move through an enemy Town/
terrain. A unit
Factory Area hex, but must stop in the hex, see also 22.3.
18.0 Clarification: In terms of the terrain that dominates
in a hex, buildings are a bit special in the game since the
buildings in a hex are always counted in addition to the
terrain, which is either Open Ground or Forest.
18.1 Rivers: Minor Rivers run on top of hexsides (the
hexsides are not visible), while Major Rivers run below
hexsides (the hexsides are visible). In game terms, all
water hexsides that are not Minor Rivers are considered to
be Major Rivers. If more than half of the number of unit
steps in a combat attack across a river hexside the combat
modifier for the river is used, otherwise not. If a river runs
inside a hex, then that river has no effect in game play.
18.1.1 Motorized Units & Rivers: Motorized units may
both attack and have ZOC, but never move, across Major
River hexsides without a bridge. The Attack Factor of all
Motorized units are halved when attacking across a Major
River without a bridge.
18.2 Roads: Units moving along road hexes ignore other
terrain in the hex. This is called Road Bonus in the game.
In terms of Main Roads, it costs 0.5 MP to move along
each Main Road hex although every 3rd consecutive Main
Road hex entered (in the same Phase) costs 0 (zero) MP.
but all units may treat railroads as Secondary Roads in all


respects. Units may switch between road and “railroad”
movement at no cost if both exist in the same hex, even
if there is visually no connection between the road and
railroad in the hex.
 TORNIO '44
Designer’s note: Historically, both sides used some
rail movement in the Tornio-Kemi area. In game terms,
this is the equivalent of using road movement since
disembarkment from trains also takes time.
18.4 Illegal Hexes: Units that enter an Illegal Hex are
considered to be eliminated and permanently removed
from play. See 21.2.
18.5 Terrain Key: See on the map.
18.6 Terrain Effects Table: See the Player Aid Card.
19.0 OVERRUN
Overruns are allowed both during the Movement Phase
and the Exploitation Phase on Daytime (A) Game Turns
only. An Overrun is always counted as part of movement,
which means that units may move both before and after
an Overrun. The Phasing Player may attempt to make an
Overrun when its units are in an adjacent hex to an enemy
unit giving an odds ratio of at least 10:1 in favor of the
Phasing Player. Overruns are allowed in all terrain types
except in Town/Factory Area hexes. Units may, however,
enter an enemy Town/Factory Area hex. The Phasing Player
needs to have sufficient MPs remaining for both entering the
enemy (target) hex and for the Overrun itself. The Phasing
Player may make an Overrun from several adjacent hexes
to the target hex as long as the stacking limit (10 units per
player) is not violated. On an Overrun, all enemy units in
the target hex are eliminated without any combat die roll.
The Phasing Player must then move into the vacant hex
and continue to move and make more Overruns as long as
the units have sufficient MPs remaining. The cost to make
an Overrun is 1 MP plus any terrain entered. Road Bonus is
allowed [18.2]. Enemy ZOC cost is paid for in an Overrun
unless the units conducting the Overrun are already adja-
cent to the target hex. Support Units may take part in an
Overrun but only by the Non-Phasing Player and only by
using their Close Defense Factor [21.3]. Intoxicated units
may not conduct Overruns [28.1]. Reinforcements may
Overrun in the first edge (or Landing Site) hex they enter
on the map. Note: Overruns are not counted as combat.
Illustration 7: Overrun (Daytime)
2010
13
4.
II/50
N
T
6 -8-5 A B
8.
6 -8-5 1 -2-6
2110
13
1.
Palosaari 4 -6-6
13
2.
4 -6-Laivaniemi
6
2210
Example: The four Finnish units are going to Overrun the
German unit in hex A during the Movement Phase and
continue to move to hex B. The odds ratio is exactly 10:1 in
favor for the Finnish player (6 + 6 + 4 + 4 = 20 versus the
German 2). All four Finnish units must enter hex A in the
Overrun, while entering hex B is optional.
Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.
19.0 Clarification 1: An Overrun only takes place when
you actually enter the target hex with an odds ratio of
at least 10:1. The Phasing Player may continue to move
some or all of the units that took part in the Overrun as
long as the units have sufficient MPs remaining and as
long as the stacking limit of 10 units in a (any) hex is not
violated. This means also that you do not need to advance
any further but can stop in the target hex.
19.0 Clarification 2: The Phasing Player may tempora-
rily violate the stacking limit of 10 units in a hex from
where the Overrun will be initiated, BUT no more than
10 of the units may actually take part in the Overrun
└ ┘
(counting Attack Factors) and only those 10 units must
enter the target hex. The remaining “excess” units may
enter the target hex later in the same Movement Phase
or Exploitation Phase as long as the stacking limit of 10
units is not violated. For example, if the overrunning
units continued with their movement beyond the target
hex.
20.0 AIR STRIKE
Both players have abstract aircraft
Air Air
◊ in the game. One Air Strike is
Strike Strike allowed per Player Turn and only
by the Phasing Player. An Air Strike
is allowed on Sunny weather Daytime (A) Game Turns
(only) from Game Turn 2A onwards. Declare the target hex
for the Air Strike by placing the Air Strike marker on top of
the enemy counter or stack, roll a die and consult the 20.3
Air Strike Table. An Air Strike will affect all units in the
target hex with the same result; No Effect, or Broken 1 or 2
Levels [23.0]. Air Strikes are immune to all enemy attacks.
See also optional rule 31.2. The Air Strike marker has a
Finnish and a German side. Use the Air Strike marker (any
side of it) also as a Weather marker on the Weather track on
the map when not used for Air Strikes.
20.1 Air Strike Modifiers: An Air Strike into a Town/
Factory Area hex will generate a -2 DRM, on a Nationality
marker [8.1], or into a Forest or Village hex a -1 DRM
on the 20.3 Air Strike Table. All modifiers are cumulative.
Note: Buildings in a Forest hex is still a -1 DRM.
20.2 Air Strikes on Bridges: The German player may make
Air Strikes on the Tornionjoki (hex 1603) and Kemijoki
(hex 2420) River Bridges but always with a -2 DRM. Use
the 15.2 Bridge Demolition Results Table and in terms of
hex 2420, the
15.3 Bridge K Destroyed VP-cost Table in all
respects but ignore all DRMs listed except that each Neither
result will give a +1 DRM in any future attempt, but only
a Success result will destroy a bridge (with any remaining
half VPs subtracted on the VP-track) [15.0]. No friendly
units may currently be in the bridge hex but any enemy
units in the bridge hex will also be affected. Consult the
20.3 Air Strike Table. Finnish VPs are subtracted for a da-
maged or destroyed bridge but not for the hex (VP-object).
20.3 Air Strike Table: See the Player Aid Card.
9

 TORNIO '44
21.0 SUPPORT UNITS &
INDIRECT FIRE SUPPORT
All Support Units have a Support Factor (red
12
520
1.
number inside a rectangle) used for Indirect
6 2 -7 Fire Support only - not for combat. Each Support
Unit may take part in one Indirect Fire Support
per Player Turn (in both Player Turns in a Game Turn).
Indirect 21.1 Indirect Fire Support Procedure: (1)
Fire
Declare the target hex for an Indirect Fire Sup-
Support
port. It is not required to attack the same target
hex in a combat. Any number of target hexes
may be declared during a Player Turn, but each Indirect
Fire Support must be fully resolved before any new one
takes place. A new target hex does not need to be declared
until the previous Indirect Fire Support was finished. The
same hex may be targeted several times. (2) Total the
Support Factors and roll two dice. (3) Add Indirect Fire
Support modifiers [21.4, 8.1 & 27.3]. (4) Consult the
21.7 Indirect Fire Support Table. Any number of friendly
Support Units within range to the target hex may take part
in the Indirect Fire Support. As soon as a Support Unit has
fired, an Indirect Fire Support marker may be placed on
the unit as a reminder (optional). The marker is removed
at the end of the Combat Phase. An Indirect Fire Support
will affect all units in the target hex with the same result;
No Effect, or Broken 1 or 2 Levels [23.0]. Both the Phasing
and the Non-Phasing Player may use Indirect Fire Support
against any enemy units or Nationality markers [8.1] in
play. The Phasing Player always resolves his Indirect Fire
Support first, before the Non-Phasing Player may do so.
21.1 Clarification: Round down to the closest column
on the 21.7 Indirect Fire Support Table. Example: If the
total Support Factor (strength) is 5, use the “4” column
on the table.
21.2 Long-Range Fire Capability: Support Units have
a long-range fire capability of various numbers of hexes
depending on their type of weaponry. Any type of terrain
may be in between the Support Unit and the target hex.
Illegal hexes can be used in the calculation of long-range
Indirect Fire Support [18.4].
21.3 Close Defense Factor: A Support Unit must use its
Close Defense Factor when it is: (1) about to be Overrun
[19.0], (2) defending in a Regular Combat [22.2], or (3)
defending in a Close Combat [22.3]. Close Defense Factor
may not be used in attack.
21.4 Indirect Fire Support Modifiers: All modifiers
 cumulative. See also Nationality markers in 8.1 and
are
Nighttime (B) Game Turns in 27.3.  units participating in the attack and the defender (Non-
21.4.1 Artillery Spotters: If no friendly unit is in an adja-
cent hex to the target hex of an Indirect Fire Support, there
will be a -2 DRM on the 21.7 Indirect Fire Support Table.
21.4.2 Terrain: An Indirect Fire Support into a Town/
Factory Area hex will generate a -2 DRM, and into a Forest
or Village hex a -1 DRM on the 21.7 Indirect Fire Support
Table. Note: Buildings in a Forest hex is still a -1 DRM.
10
21.5 Movement Penalty: If the Support Unit moved
during the Movement Phase in the current Player Turn, the
Support Factor of the unit is halved. Retain any fractions.
Example: A Support Factor of 5 becomes a 2.5.
21.6 Indirect Fire Support Restrictions: No Support
Unit may take part in more than one Indirect Fire Support
per Combat Phase. Each Indirect Fire Support must be
directed against the units occupying a single hex. Two or
more enemy occupied hexes may not be the target of a
single Indirect Fire Support. Support Units stacked in the
same hex may support into different target hexes but each
target hex must be resolved separately. A single Support
Unit may not split its Support Factor so as to conduct an
Indirect Fire Support to more than one target hex.
21.7 Indirect Fire Support Table: See the Player Aid
Card.
Illustration 8: Support Units & Indirect Fire Support
2115
 7
424
A
4.
4 2 -7
2215
II/379
11
6.
520
II/206
3.
Kaakamo
13
3.
4 -6-6
7.
4 -6-6 4 -6-8 8 2 -7
B
C 2315
Pö
Example: The two German Support Units A and B are
attacking the Finnish unit C in an Indirect Fire Support.
The total Support Factor is 4 + 8 = 12. Roll two dice and
use the “12” column on the 21.7 Indirect Fire Support
Table. Add a -1 DRM for the Village.
22.0 COMBAT
Combat is optional unless a hex includes units of both
players [22.3]. All Combat Units have two Combat
Factors; an Attack Factor and a Defense Factor used for
combat and Overrun [19.0] only. The letter H stands for
half (0.5) Attack Factor. A Combat Unit may attack only
if it currently has an attack strength that is more than 0
(zero). Example: A Combat Unit with an Attack Factor of 2
but currently Broken 2 Levels may not attack (2 - 2 = 0).
22.1 Combat Procedure: (1) The attacker (Phasing Player) 
declares which hex to attack. The hex to be attacked is now
called a target hex. Any number of target hexes may be
declared during a Player Turn, but each combat must be 
fully resolved before any new one takes place. A new target 
hex does not need to be declared until the previous combat
is finished. (2) The attacker totals the Attack Factors of all
Phasing Player) totals the Defense Factors and any Close
Defense Factors [21.3] of all units in the target hex. The
two totals are compared with each other and calculated into
an odds ratio. (3) Combat modifiers are added to and/or
subtracted from the odds ratio [22.4]. The final odds ratio
is rounded down to the closest whole or half (0.5) odds
ratio step, but may never exceed 10:1 or be less than 1:5.
Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.

Example: 1:1.5, 1:1, 1.5:1, 2:1, 2.5:1, etc. If the final odds
ratio is a half odds ratio the owning player rolls a separate
die to determine if he may use an extra die in the combat. A
die roll of 1—3 = No extra die; 4—6 = Extra die allowed.
Example: On an odds ratio of 2.5:1, the attacker rolls an
extra die that will determine if the final odds ratio will be
2:1 or 3:1. (4) The odds ratio tells you how many dice are
to be rolled by each player. Example: The final odds ratio
is 3:1 in favor for the attacker. The attacker rolls three dice
and the defender rolls one die. This means that the first
number in an odds ratio always refers to the number of dice
to be rolled by the attacker and the second number always
refers to the number of dice to be rolled by the defender.
The attacker always rolls his die/dice first. (5) The total
result of the dice is converted into Action Points (APs).
The opposing player must spend these APs on his unit(s)
by using various combat actions [22.6]. This means that the
defender must spend all combat actions before he rolls his
die/dice in the same manner. He may roll the die/dice even
if all of his units in the target hex have been eliminated.
22.1 Combat and odds ratio calculation Clarification:
Always round DOWN to the closest half (0.5) odds ratio
when calculating the basic odds ratio. This means that if,
and as soon as, the defender is stronger than the attacker
in a combat, the basic odds ratio cannot be 1:1 but is
instead 1:1.5 (in favor for the defender). If the defender is
more than one and a half times (up to two times) stronger
than the attacker, the basic odds ratio is 1:2 (in favor for
the defender). If the defender is more than two times (up
to two and a half times) stronger than the attacker, the
basic odds ratio is 1:2.5 (in favor for the defender) and
so forth. By basic odds ratio means before any combat
modifiers are added and/or subtracted. If a final odds

ratio is 1:2 it means that the defender rolls two dice while
the attacker rolls only one die in that combat.
22.2 Regular Combat: When units of both players are in
any adjacent hexes Regular Combat may occur (not man-
datory). This is the most common combat method.
Illustration 9: Regular Combat
2010
II/206
III/53
12.
9.
C 3 -4-5 6 -8-7
II/379
5.
Palosaari
2 -3-6 B
2210
Example: The German unit in hexes A and B attack the
Finnish unit in hex C, which becomes the target hex. The
German Attack Factors are 6 + 2 = 8 and the Finnish
Defense Factor is 4. The basic odds ratio is 2:1. Add and
subtract the combat modifiers for attacking from two hexes
(+0.5) and for defending in a Forest hex (-0.5) [22.4].
22.3 Close Combat: Combat is also allowed within a hex,
but only in Town/Factory Area hexes. This is called Close
Combat. Use the combat rules in all respects.
Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.
TORNIO '44
Exception: All Foot Combat Units (only) in Close Combat
double their Combat Factors. A Support Unit in Close
Combat can only defend and must do so by using its Close
Defense Factor [21.3], which is also doubled. Any Broken
Level will then reduce the strength [23.0]. No Air Strike
or Indirect Fire Support [21.0] is allowed into (or out of) a
Close Combat hex. This means that opposite from Regular
Combat, Indirect Fire Support is not possible before Close
Combat because of the friendly units already in the hex.
Both players may have a full stacking allotment
└ ┘
in a Close
Combat hex. In an unresolved Close Combat, both players’
units may stay in the hex but a new combat must take place
in the next Player Turn unless the Phasing Player decides
to move out of the hex (towards friendly units if possib-
le). Both player’s units in a Close Combat hex have Hex
Control (the hex is contested)
 but no ZOC [9.0]. The cost
to move into an enemy Town/Factory Area hex is at least
3 MPs, also during Nighttime (B) Game Turns [27.0]. No
Road Bonus [18.2] is allowed into or out of a Close Combat
hex. The cost to move out of such a hex  is always 1MP

in addition to the terrain, also during Nighttime (B) Game

Turns. Units that are moving out of a Close Combat hex
are not affected by any enemy ZOC from that same hex.
Illustration 10: Close Combat (Daytime)
2820

a-
I/139
Os.P
KK.
2.
ro C 3 -4-7 4 -6-8 A
 2920

ZOC
2.
6

4 -6-8 B
3020
Example: The German units A & B are about to enter the
Town/Factory Area hex where the Finnish unit C is located.
This will result in a Close Combat (units must stop in the
hex). Unit A pays for the Town/Factory Area hex (2 MPs)
and for entering an enemy hex (1 MP) - a total of 3 MPs.
Unit B pays for the terrain in two hexes - for the Main
Road into the first hex, then for the Town/Factory
 Area in

the second hex (0.5 + 2 MPs) and for entering an enemy

ZOC (1 MP) and enemy hex  (1 MP), a total of 4.5 MPs.
22.3 Clarification 1: No outside fire or combat support
A what so ever is allowed into a Close Combat hex.
2110 22.3 Clarification 2: All Motorized (class) units may
 but their Combat Factors are
participate in Close Combat
Laivaniemi not doubled. Only Foot (class) Combat Units have their
Combat Factors doubled in Close Combat.
22.4 Combat Modifiers: Several factors will modify a
combat result, such as terrain [18.0], Nighttime (B) Game
Turns [27.2], Multi-Hex Attacks and Defensive Flanking
Support. These are measured by adding or subtracting either
whole or half (0.5) odds ratio steps. All combat modifiers
are cumulative. A bridge in a hex will always add the odds
ratio step in an attack across the river by 0.5. Example: The
combat modifier for attacking across a Major River with a  
bridge by any unit would be -1.5 instead of -2.
11

22.4.1 Multi-Hex Attack: If an attack takes place with
Combat Units from more than one hex (maximum six
hexes) into the same target hex, each additional hex
attacked from will result in one half (0.5) odds ratio step in
favor for the attacker. Each attacking unit must have a final
attack strength that is more than 0 (zero).
22.4.2 Defensive Flanking Support: The defender may
subtract one half (0.5) odds ratio step for each adjacent
hex (maximum four hexes) to the target hex that consists
of at least one friendly Combat Unit that is also adjacent
to any of the attacker’s hexes in the combat. A unit may
give Defensive Flanking Support only if it has a Defense
Factor (a final defense strength) that is more than 0 (zero).
A unit may give Defensive Flanking Support even if it has
been (or will be) attacked itself during the same Combat
Phase. A unit may also give any number of Defensive
Flanking Support in the same Combat Phase. Defensive
Flanking Support is neither allowed into nor out from a
Close Combat hex [22.3].
 general, a step loss is the equivalent of either flipping a unit
Illustration 11: Multi-Hex Attack &
 Support
Defensive Flanking
 its reduced side permanently from play. The owning player
1605
C
III/53
Ra u
II/379
10.
8.
-6-6
m4Alaraumo
on
6 -8-5
1705
jo ki
III/53
11.
A6
3.
4 -6-6 2 -4-9
A
1805
as
Example: The Finnish player attacks hex A from two hexes
and receives in this way a half (0.5) odds ratio step bonus.
The German unit in hex B gives Defensive Flanking Support
into hex A because it is adjacent to both a target hex (A)
and a hex where the attack comes from (C). This will
subtract the odds ratio with a half (0.5) step.
22.5 Combat Restrictions: No unit may attack more than
once per Combat Phase. All units defending in a target hex
must be attacked collectively, with their Defense Factor
strength combined. Each attack must be directed against
the units occupying a single hex. Two or more enemy
occupied hexes may not be attacked as a single attack.
Units stacked in the same hex may attack into different
hexes but each hex attacked must be resolved as a separate
combat. A single unit may not split its Attack Factor so as to
attack more than one hex. An attack is only allowed into an
adjacent hex unless the unit is in Close Combat, in which
case the unit must attack into its own hex [22.3]. Only units
that are participating in the attack are subject to combat
actions. Exceptions: A Retreat combat action affects all
units in the target hex or all units in one of the attacker’s
hexes [22.6.5] and a Panic combat action affects all units
in the target hex or in all units in all of the attacker’s hexes
(if several were used) [22.6.6]. All units in a target hex or
Close Combat hex are subject to combat actions. A single
hex can be attacked only once per Combat Phase.
TORNIO '44
22.5.1 Defender Bonus DR: The defender may roll an extra
die each and every time his previous die roll was a 5 or 6
during a combat die roll, but only as long as the defending
units have not retreated or panicked (left the target hex).
Roll all dice before any APs are spent. Defender└Bonus DR ┘
is allowed even if all defender’s units were eliminated, but
is not allowed in Close Combat or by Support Units alone.
This rule portrays a defender that is well dugin.
22.6 Action Points (APs) & Combat Actions: There are
six different combat actions to choose from. The owning
player always chooses the combat actions of his units. All
combat actions cost 1—4 APs. If all player’s units have
been eliminated, any excess APs are lost. APs may not
be saved for future combats. Combat actions are either
calculated per unit, stack or several stacks.
22.6.1 Step Loss (4 APs): All units have a frontside and a
backside. The backside is also called a reduced side in the
game. A unit on its frontside can take two step losses, while
a unit on its reduced side can take only one step loss. In
from its frontside to its reduced side, or removing a unit on
1610
always chooses how to distribute step losses. Example:
Two step losses can either be that two units on their
B frontside are flipped to their reduced side or that one unit
on its frontside is removed from play. The Finnish Player
gains VPs for German step losses and eliminations [26.1]
but not vice versa.
1810 22.6.1 Clarification: Note that the example above is
correct when, for example, two units are already on a
Broken 2 Level when they are taking part in a combat.
Designer’s note: A step loss simulates not only men killed
in action but also seriously wounded, missing in action
and prisoners taken.
22.6.2 No Effect (1 AP): The combat had no effect. This
means that your opposing player does not need to spend
any further APs. This combat action will only take place on
a sole die roll of 1. It may not be used in combination with
other combat actions. 
22.6.3 Broken 1 Level (2 APs): Unit is Broken 1 Level
[23.0].
22.6.4 Broken 2 Levels (3 APs): Unit is Broken 2 Levels
[23.0].
22.6.5 Retreat (2 APs): All units in the target hex or all
units in one of the attacker’s hexes (if several were used)
must retreat one hex. The criteria to retreat is:
(1) A unit cannot retreat into a hex occupied by an enemy
unit or into a hex which was the site of an earlier combat
unless there is currently a friendly unit in that hex. This me-
ans that the hex is or has been a Close Combat hex [22.3].
(2) The stacking limit (10 units) may not be violated [7.0].
(3) The hex may not be in enemy ZOC unless there are
no other alternatives. Retreat is allowed to a hex that is
contested [9.0].
(4) It may not result in that a unit would need to enter an
12 Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.
 TORNIO '44
Illegal Hex, unhexed area, or exit the map from a non-VP
Exit Hex.
(5) No retreat may be towards enemy units or into an
enemy controlled hex [10.0] unless there are no other
alternatives.
22.6.6 Panic (3 APs): All units in the target hex (when
defender) or all units in all of the attacking hexes (when
attacker) must retreat two hexes. Units that are unable to
retreat two hexes are eliminated. A Panic combat action
will always cause all Field and Rocket Artillery units to
lose one step. All units lose a step on a Panic combat action
when they are crossing a Major River hexside without a
bridge. A Panic combat action may only be chosen by one
player in the same combat. This means that if the defender
chose Panic as a combat action, the attacker may not do so.
Otherwise, use 22.6.5 in all respects.
22.7 Multiple Combat Results: A unit may retreat or panic
into a hex that is still an unresolved target hex during the
same Combat Phase. The unit is not allowed to participate
in the new combat but is subject to the new combat actions
(not as the only unit).
22.8 Retreat Voluntarily: Units that participated in a
combat may always retreat (never panic) voluntarily even
if all APs have already been spent on combat actions.
Exception: Units may not already have retreated or
panicked during that Combat Phase.

 Designer’s notes: (1) The maximum number of APs that a

22.9 Action Order: Any combat actions can be chosen
although additional combat actions can then only be ones
with a higher precedence order if multiple combat actions
are needed to expend the APs required: (1) Step Loss, (2)
Broken 1 Level (on unbroken units only), (3) Broken 2
Levels (on Broken 1 Level units only), (4) Retreat or Panic 
combat actions (never both). Note: There can be situations
 Factor or Support Factor of the frontside. Thismeans

in which a player will want to spend more APs than required
in order to avoid a Step Loss (or a Retreat/Panic) combat
action. Obey the Action Order only if several combat
actions are spent. See combat example in Illustration 12.
22.9 Clarification 1: The Action Order is based on the
whole combat, not on a unit by unit or stack by stack
basis, while Action Points (APs) either affects one unit
(when Step Loss or Broken 1 or 2 Levels), one stack
(when Retreat), or all units involved (when Panic) in the
combat. Example: The attacker attacks from three hexes
into the same target hex. The Action Points (APs) that the
attacker suffers in the combat (due to the defender’s die
roll) are distributed on all of the attacking units in the
correct Action Order. This means that you first distribute
any Step Loss APs on any or all of the units involved
in the attack. Then, you distribute any Broken 1 Level
APs on any units in the attack; any Broken 2 Level APs;
and finally any Retreat or Panic APs if required. If you
choose a Retreat action, any one of the three stacks must
retreat one hex (this means also that you could choose up
to three Retreat actions - one per stack). If you choose a
Panic action, all three stacks must retreat two hexes.
Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.
22.9 Clarification 2: The Action Order is ignored only if
the unit is unable to spend all of the Action Points (APs)
required. This will automatically result in the elimination
(2nd Step Loss) of the unit.
22.10 Large Combats: Use this rule when each player has
three or more units of any status actively participating in
the combat.
22.10.1 Procedure: (1) Calculate the odds ratio as per
normal rules. (2) Determine which player has the fewest
number of units in the combat. (3) Divide the number by
half. Round up any fractions. (4) The result is the number of
dice to be rolled by the player who has the lowest number
in the odds ratio. The other player rolls a number of dice to
keep the same initial odds ratio. Quick Reference Guide:
11; 21; 32; 42; 53; 63; 74; 84; 95:
105 (maximum). Read as: number of units  number
of dice to be rolled. Example: The final odds ratio is 2:1.
The defender has 5 units and the attacker has 7 units in the
combat. Since the defender has the fewest number of units
in the combat, in this case 5, the number 5 is then halved to
2.5 and rounded up to 3. The defender rolls three dice (plus
any Defender Bonus DR [22.5.1]), while the attacker rolls
six dice (first) in order to keep the 2:1 odds ratio.
22.11 Combat Cost Table: See the Player Aid Card.
single unit can take as a combat result without elimination
is 12 (1 x Step Loss = 4 APs, 1 x Broken 1 Level = 2 APs,
1 x Broken 2 Levels = 3 APs, and 1 x Panic = 3 APs).
This means that any result that is higher than 12 results
in that a single unit in a hex is removed from play. (2) The
reduced side of each unit is exactly half of the Combat
that each Step Loss (and RP) is the equivalent of two
Platoons (50—125 men).
Illustration 12: Combat Example (Daytime) (Yli-Liakka)
Alavojakkala
A B 0605

(JR11)
Jääk.
II/206
8.
3.

4 -6-8  4 -6-8 4 -6-8
0705
III/11
III/11
10.
12.
III/11
III/11
11.
6 -8-5 4 -6-6
9.
4 -6-6 4 -6-6
0805
L
Finland
Example: All five Finnish units are attacking the German
unit B. All units are unbroken. The total Finnish Attack
Factors are 22 and the German Defense Factor is 6. This
gives an odds ratio of 22 ÷ 6 = 3.66:1. This is rounded
down to the closest half odds ratio step which is 3.5:1.
Combat modifiers are added and subtracted. +1 odds ratio
step for the two additional hexes attacked from, -0.5 for the
Defensive Flanking Support from unit A and -0.5 for the
Swamp hex. Since a majority of the unit steps are attacking
across a river, there will be a further -1 odds ratio step.
The odds ratio is 2.5:1. The Finnish player then rolls a die
13
 TORNIO '44




which will determine if the final odds ratio will be 2:1 or Designer’s tip: Place Broken unit markers on

Br 1 vel
3:1. A 3 is rolled which will give a final odds ratio of 2:1. the affected units/stacks in an angled way as

ok
N

en
The Finnish player rolls two dice. Result: 1 + 3 = 4. The illustrated. This will make it easier to;

German player must spend 4 APs of combat actions and
choose one of the following alternatives for his unit: (1)
Broken 1 + Retreat = 4 APs; (2) Broken 1 + Broken 2 = 5
APs; (3) Broken 1 + Panic = 5 APs; (4) One Step Loss = 4
APs. The German player chooses alternative (2) which
means that he spends one additional AP than required just
in order to remain
 in the hex. The German player then rolls
one die. Result: 1. The Finnish player spends 1 AP on a No
Effect combat action.
23.0 BROKEN UNITS
Broken Broken Units can become Broken in one of
1 ◊ 2six ways. As a result of; (1) being
Level Levels! unable to trace supply [13.0], (2) an
enemy Air Strike [20.0], (3) an
enemy Indirect Fire Support [21.0], (4) combat (APs)
[22.6], (5) Motti [26.0], or (6) when entering an alcohol
depot (Finnish units only) [28.1]. There are two Broken
Levels, Broken 1 Level and Broken 2 Levels. The term
Broken unit marker refers to both levels. Place the appro-
priate Broken unit marker on the affected unit or stack OR
place the unit in the appropriate row in a Stacking Marker
Box [23.2]. Each Broken Level will reduce both printed
Combat Factors (Support Factor and Close Defense Factor
when Support Unit) and the Movement Factor by one value
for as long as the unit is Broken. Example: An Attack
Factor of 4 will on a Broken 1 Level unit be 3. A Broken 2
Level is the maximum level that a unit can have in the
game. Exception: In Motti [26.0]. Any additional Broken
Level result will have no effect on the unit - it cannot result
in a step loss, BUT if a Broken Level on a unit results in
that the unit has a (Close) Defense Factor that is less than
0, it is immediately eliminated and removed from play. If
all units in a target hex have a (Close) Defense Factor of 0,
they are automatically eliminated in an attack by any
enemy unit with an Attack Factor (strength) greater than 0.
Le
1 -2-6
(1) see what player’s units are beneath the
marker, (2) see if several Broken unit markers
are in the same hex as in Illustration 13, and
(3) grab the marker when it is removed or reduced.
23.1 Remove or Reduce a Broken Level: Each Broken
Level is in effect until the next friendly Initial Phase when
it is removed but only if the unit is fully supplied [13.0]. If
a Broken unit marker is on a unit, the marker is removed
and placed in the Marker Box or flipped to the level 1
side. If the unit is in a Stacking Marker Box, the unit is
placed in another row, see further in 23.2. This means that
a Broken 2 Level takes two consecutive friendly Initial
Phases before it is removed from the unit, unless the unit
has received a new Broken result. Units that are Broken on
a Nighttime (B) Game Turn need to be in supply in order to
be allowed to use this rule. The length of the supply route
on a Nighttime (B) Game Turn supply check is halved,
which means 5 Foot unit MPs.
Designer’s notes: (1) See the Broken unit feature in
the game as a combination of a physical (fatigue) and
psychological (morale) deterioration of a unit. (2) Due
to the limited number of Broken unit markers included in
the game, use also the Broken unit marker areas printed
in the Stacking Marker Boxes on the map, see 23.2.
23.2 The Stacking Marker Boxes: Here are some examples
of how to place units in the Stacking Marker Boxes. └ No ┘
more than 5 units may be in each box and at least one unit
must be represented by (have the same designation as) the
Stacking marker [7.1]. The name of the commander(s) that
is printed in each box (unfortunately some German names
are missing) is included for historical purposes only. Some
of the units changed their commander during the battle.
Illustration 14: Units in Stacking Marker Boxes
Commander: Commanders: Commander
I/11
I/11

maj. Malmivaara (I) maj. Varla (I)

1.
4.

A Broken 1 Level result in an Air Strike or Indirect Fire I/11 6 -8-5 4 -6-6 II/11
(II) kapt. Toivonen
(III) kapt. Palatsi III/11
(II)

Support results in that all units that are already Broken 1

Level will instead be Broken 2 Levels. Broken Broken Broken
III/11
II/53

II/11
I/11

10.
6.
2.

5.

1 1 1
Level 2 -3-6 Level 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 -6-6
4Level
Illustration 13: Broken Units
i
i

Broken Broken Broken


III/11
II/11
I/11

1505
C
(34)

11.
3.

K
6.

Pikku- Yliraumo 2 2 2
Berliini Levels! 4 -6 -6 -6-6 4 -4-6
4Levels! 4 -6-6
Levels!

(211)
2.

Broken
81 -6-8 Example: Box I/11; The two units on the top row are


(Br.139)
17.

1605
BrokenLevel unbroken, while the unit “2./I/11” is Broken 1 Level and
42-4-9
Ra u
II/53

B “3./I/11” is Broken 2 Levels. Box II/11; All units are

7.

1.

Levels!
2 -3-6 4 -Alaraumo
6-8
m
on Broken 1 Level because the “Broken 2 Levels!” text has
1705 A been covered with a unit, and no units are on the top row.
jo

Box III/11; Both units are unbroken as they are covering

Example: German unit A is Broken 2 Levels and unit B is
the “Broken 1 Level” & “Broken 2 Levels!” text. The units
Broken 1 Level. Always place a Broken unit marker on top
could also cover only one text or be placed on the top row
of the affected unit(s). This means that any unbroken unit(s)
as shown in Box I/11.
in the same hex must be placed on top of the stack, here
unit C.

14 Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.

  '44
TORNIO

24.0 ADVANCE AFTER COMBAT 26.0 MOTTI (ISOLATION)
If one of the players has abandoned a hex either due to A unit (hex) that is totally encircled is considered to be in
a Panic or Retreat combat action, voluntarily, or due Motti, a Finnish term for isolation. This means that all hexes
to elimination, the other player may advance into the that surrounds the unit in Motti must either be occupied
abandoned hex despite terrain. Units may only advance by an enemy unit and/or be an Illegal Hex, unhexed area,
 edge, but they

if they; (1) are currently adjacent to the abandoned hex, or map  do not need to be adjacent to the
(2) participated in the combat, and (3) are unbroken. No unit (hex) in Motti, see Illustration 16 below. The enemy

Field or Rocket Artillery units, as well as no friendly units units may be of any type or attack strength and even lack
that retreated or panicked in the combat, may advance. a Combat Factor [22.0]. A unit in Motti is immediately
The stacking limit (10 units) may not be violated. If both Broken 1 Level. This means that a unit can be in a Broken 3
players abandoned a hex in the combat, neither player Level as long as it is in Motti (only), which is the maximum
may advance. It is only allowed to advance into the first level in the game. A unit in Motti does not need a Broken
abandoned hex if the enemy panicked.
 unit marker or need to be placed in a “broken” row in
24.1 Tank Units: An unbroken Tank unit (only) may a Stacking Marker Box [23.2] since its Broken Level is
 (abandoned) hex.
advance one additional hex from the first obvious. Example: A Broken 1 Level marker on a unit in
The second hex must be empty from enemy  Motti means that the unit is actually Broken 2 Levels. A
 units and either unit is not Broken for being in Motti if, and as long as,
be an Open Ground hex or connected to the first hex with
a road or railroad. Rivers may be crossed but only if there the unit is able to trace a supply route to a friendly supply
is a bridge between the first hex and the second hex. The depot [13.0]. Example: A Landing Site hex.
bridge may even be damaged [15.0]. See also Nighttime 26.1 German Prisoners: The Finnish player gains 1 VP
(B) Game Turns [27.3]. for each German unit step loss occurred in Motti (otherwise
0.5 VP). The step loss can either be the result of the Broken
Illustration 15: Advance after Combat (Daytime)
Level (the Defense Factor becomes less than 0 [23.0]) or

Pikku-
1505
Yliraumo due to combat. 1 VP for a step loss is gained only if there
  Berliini
C D
 is still 
a Motti after combat.
(211)
2.

 Broken
81 -6-8 

(Br.139)


 Illustration 16: Motti (Isolation)
17.

1605 BrokenLevel
Pudas 42-4-9

II/53

Ra u

3320
A
7.

B
1.

 Levels!

III/15

III/15
2 -3-6 4 -6Alaraumo
-8 II/15

10.

9.
m
5.

on 4 -6-6 4 -6-6
1705 2 -3-6
j
Finland

Example: The Finnish unit panicked (retreated two hexes) 3425

as a 
(15.Pr.)
Pion.

I/139

combat action. Only the German Tank unit may

3.

advance into the abandoned hex - hex A, because all other 4 -4-6 4 -6-8 Kittiläjärvi
Laitakari
units are Broken. The Tank unit may also advance into hex 3520
because there is a connected Secondary Road from hex
B
From
III/15

9
12.

II/7
Game
5.

A. Hexes C and D are blocked by the Minor River. 6 -8-5 2 1 -4

Turn
A 5A
3625
25.0 EXPLOITATION Example: The German unit is in Motti because itshex is 
During the Exploitation Phase on Daytime (A) Game totally surrounded by either a Finnish unit, map edge, or 
Turns, Combat Units (not Support Units) may move a 
an Illegal Hex - hex A. For each step loss on the German
second time. Use the Movement rules [17.0] in all respects. unit, the Finnish player will gain 1 VP.
Exceptions are below.   
25.1 Exploitation Restrictions: 27.0 NIGHTTIME (B) GAME TURNS
• The MF is halved. Fractions are retained. A Broken Level The Nighttime (B) Game Turns differ from the Daytime
on a unit will reduce movement even more. (A) Game Turns. In addition, Replacements rules [14.0]
• The Combat Unit may not have participated in any combat are used.
that Player Turn. Note: Overruns are not counted as com-

bat.  27.1 Movement: The MF is halved. Fractions are retained.

• The Combat Unit may not currently be (start the Exploi- A Broken Level on a unit will reduce movement even
tation Phase) in enemy ZOC. Exception: The Combat more.
Unit may be in enemy ZOC to a unit that is about to be 27.2 Combat: The attacker must subtract 1 odds ratio step.
Overrun by that Combat Unit or any other friendly unit 27.3 Other Nighttime Restrictions:
during the Exploitation Phase. • No units have ZOC, only Hex Control [9.0].
• No Weather Check [12.0], thus no Air Strike is allowed
[20.0].
• No Naval Landings are allowed [16.2.3].

Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved. 15

 TORNIO '44
• No Overruns are allowed [19.0].
• All Indirect Fire Supports have a -1 DRM [21.0].
• All Demolition attempts have a -1 DRM [15.0].
• Road Bonus is not allowed into a hex that is adjacent to
enemy units. Road Bonus is, however, allowed out of such
a hex [18.2].
• Supply is only checked on those units that have a Broken
unit marker. The supply route is halved to up to 5 Foot
(class) Combat Unit MPs (non-artillery [4.4.3]) [13.0].
Designer’s note: In game terms, Nighttime is considered
to be roughly between 18.00 and 06.00 hours. Daytime
is, of course, the opposite.
28.0 ALCOHOL DEPOTS
The Germans have two alcohol depots in the Tornio-Kemi
area. Before play begins, the German player secretly
writes on a piece of paper any two friendly hexes where
the hidden alcohol depots will be located until revealed.
Each hex must include a road or railroad but may not be
on the islands Pirkkiö, Ajossaari, Veitsiluoto (hexes 3622,
3722 & 3823) or in the hexes 1502 or 3220, or adjacent to a
map edge. When Finnish units enter such a hex during any
type of movement (also in a retreat, panic or advance after
combat) the alcohol depot is revealed but not until the end
of the current Phase when all Finnish units have finished
their movement or combat. Each of the two alcohol depots
will be in effect only once in the game. If Finnish units
move through two hidden alcohol depots during the same
move, only the first alcohol depot is revealed, while the
other remains hidden until next time a Finnish unit enters
it. German units are never affected by the alcohol depots.
A Close Combat [22.3] must be fully resolved in the hex
before any hidden alcohol depot is revealed. This is the only
time an alcohol depot is not revealed after movement.
Intoxic. Hang- 28.1 Intoxicated Units: All Finnish
Broken 2
No Actions
◊ over units that enter an alcohol depot hex
or ZOC Broken 1 become automatically intoxicated
even when entering a revealed hex
at a later stage during the Player Turn. Place an Intoxic.
marker on the units. In game terms, intoxicated means that
the units are Broken 2 Levels despite earlier status. Use rule
23.0 in all respects, except that the units must stop in the
alcohol depot hex, they lose their ZOC and they may take
no actions (move, attack or support), only defend, until
the next friendly Player Turn when the Intoxic. marker is
flipped to its Hangover marker side and the units become
Broken 1 Level as per normal rules in 23.0. No Retreat or
Panic combat actions are allowed while the units are on
a Broken 2 Level. This means that Step Loss is the only
combat action that can be chosen if attacked. Move back
all units that passed the hidden alcohol depot hex during
movement. The stacking limit (10 units) may not be
violated. All excess units (Finnish player’s choice) have to
stop in the hex prior to the alcohol depot hex but they may
move in the Exploitation Phase. Units may never move
through an alcohol depot hex even if it is fully stacked.
16
28.1 Clarification 1: A “No Effect” combat action may
not be chosen by any Intoxicated units in combat.
28.1 Clarification 2: A revealed alcohol depot is no
longer considered to be in the hex when the units are
“Hangover” (when the Intoxic. marker has been flipped
to its Hangover marker side).
28.1 Clarification 3: All actions (also Overruns) by all
of the Finnish units that passed (after) a revealed German
alcohol depot is cancelled (they have never taken place).
29.0 HOW TO WIN
The Finnish
VPs VPs VPs VPs objective in
0+ ◊ 10+ 20+ ◊ 30+ the game is
to gain as
many Victory Points (VPs) as possible and to prevent the
Germans from destroying the bridges at Tornio (hex 1603)
and Kemi (hex 2420) and from exiting the map. The
German objective is to prevent the Finnish victory
condition. The VPs 0+ marker is kept and slid along the
Finnish VP-track on the map. The marker is flipped to its
VPs 10+ side when the number of VPs are 10—19.5. The
VPs 20+ marker is used when the number of VPs are 20—
29.5. The marker is flipped to its VPs 30+ side when the
number of VPs are 30—39.5. Make sure to update all VPs
gained or lost during each Player Turn regularly. The
German player cannot gain VPs in the game but can
subtract the Finnish player’s VPs. The game ends
immediately when the VP-level is less than 0.5 VP or more
than 39.5 VPs. To mark a half (0.5) VP, place the marker in
between two values, see Illustration 17 on page 17.
29.1 Starting VP-level: The Finnish player will start the
game with 3—4 VPs already gained, 1 VP each for hexes
2819, 2918, 3621 & 3722, see the Finnish OOB Card. In
addition, each Coup [11.0] and Landing Site hex [16.2.3]
can (will, in terms of the latter) generate 1—2 VPs.
29.2 The First Initiative: Only VPs gained from the
Coup(s) are used in the determination of the initiative for
the first Game Turn. If the Finnish player gained no VPs
from the Coup(s), both players roll a die. The player that
gets the highest result has the initiative (starts the game).
Re-roll on a tie. The Coup(s) will never affect the German
Alarm Level in terms of Reinforcements [16.2.1].
29.3 Initiative During Play: The
VP VP
Diff. ◊ Diff.
number of VPs gained (if Finnish
player) or subtracted (if German
player) during a Game Turn is cru-
cial when determining which player will (has to) gain the
initiative in the next Game Turn. Use the VP Diff. marker
on the Finnish VP-track. Use the side of the marker that
represents the player (nationality) that is in favor of the
difference. The marker is placed on the 0 space both when
there is no difference and after each Initiative Check (each
Game Turn). The difference cannot go above 9 on the VP-
track. If the difference is 0, both players roll a die, see 29.2.
Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.
 TORNIO '44
┘ Illustration 17: The Initiative
FINNISH VICTORY POINTS [29.0]
VP VPs
0 1 Diff. 2 3 4 5
0+ 6 7
Example: It is the Initiative Check before Game Turn 2A.
The Finnish player has gained 5 VPs so far. During the
previous Game Turn (1B) the Finnish player gained 3.5
VPs, while the German player subtracted 2 VPs from the
Finnish player. This will result in a difference of 1.5 VP in
favor for the Finnish player who will have the initiative in
this Game Turn (the VP Diff. marker is on its Finnish side
and placed in between the spaces 1 and 2).
29.4 Victory Point (VP) Objects:
29.4.1 The Finnish player gains VPs for:
• Each VP-object (re-)captured (see in the hex specifically).
Half VPs are gained for a captured bridge that is damaged.
No VPs are gained for a captured bridge that is destroyed.
• 0.5 VP per German unit step loss (not for units exiting
the map).
• 1 VP per German unit step loss in Motti [26.1].
• 0.5 VP per Finnish unit that exits the map from the VP
Exit Hex 0111, 0201, 0401, 1224 or 1324. German units
may no longer arrive from such a hex [16.2.2].
29.4.2 The German player subtracts Finnish VPs for:
• Each VP-object (re-)captured (see in the hex specifically).
• A number of VPs for destroying the Kemijoki River
Bridge (hex 2420), depending on which Game Turn it
was destroyed [15.0], see the 15.3 Bridge K Destroyed
VP-cost Table.
• 4 VPs for destroying the Tornionjoki River Bridge (hex
1603), regardless of the Game Turn it was destroyed [15.0].
• 0.5 VP per German unit that exits the map from the VP
Exit Hex 0111, 0201, 0401, 1224 or 1324, but only on
Game Turns 8A & 8B, otherwise no VP.
 Note: VP-objects may be captured also in a retreat [22.6.5]
or panic [22.6.6] move.
29.5 Finnish Victory Points & Levels:
• ≤ 0 VP = German Major Victory.
• 0.5—8.5 VPs = German Minor Victory.
• 9—21.5 VPs = Stalemate - no winner.
• 22—39.5 VPs = Finnish Minor Victory.
• ≥ 40 VPs = Finnish Major Victory.  both players roll a die and the player with the highest result
30.0 PREPARE FOR PLAY  Then, place the TURN marker with the correct side face up
(read sections 1.0—29.0 first)
 on the 1A space on the Game Turn track.
[2] For added feeling when playing TORNIO '44, read the
Historical Summary on pages 18—20. Only a few books
are available on this topic but the internet can also provide
some information.
[3] Decide which of the optional rules in 31.0, if any, will

be used.
[4] Decide by mutual agreement which nationality you
want to play or let a die roll decide it. For example: The
player with the highest die roll plays the Finns.

Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.
[5] Unfold the map and place it together with the two
Player Aid Cards and OOB Cards on a table. The German
player sits on the eastern side and the Finnish player sits on
the western side of the map. Place each friendly OOB Card
next to the Stacking Marker Boxes.
[6] The German player hides two alcohol depots on the


map by writing their location secretly on a piece of paper

and hiding the paper from the Finnish 
player [28.0].
[7] Punch out all die-cut counters. Sort them by nationality
and store them in ziplock bags when the game is not being

played. Two ziplock bags are providedin the boxed game.

[8] Place all units on the appropriate unit pictures on the
Finnish and German OOB Cards (use the frontside of the
Cards) [4.3]. Use the frontside of all units.
[9] Place the markers on the map as follows:
(9a) TURN marker with the Finnish side up on the Coup
space on the Game Turn track.
(9b) Air Strike marker on the Cloudy space on the Weather
track. Use any side of the Air Strike marker.
(9c) VPs 20+ marker on the Extra VP marker space and
VPs 0+ marker on the 3 or 4 space on the Finnish VP-track
depending on whether the units of Os.P are placed in three
or four of the starting hexes according to the Finnish OOB
Card. 1 VP is gained for Ajos if a unit starts in hex 3621.
(9d) VP Diff. marker on the 0 space on the Finnish VP-
track. Use any side of the VP Diff. marker.
(9e) Stacking markers (Nationality or Indirect Fire Support
marker on their other side) in the appropriate Stacking
Marker Boxes.
(9f) All remaining markers in the Marker Box.
[10] Place the AT START units on the map according to
the Finnish and German OOB Cards. Use the following
set-up order:
(10a) Four Finnish units of Os.P in three or four hexes, see
above in “(9c)”.
(10b) All nine German units. Six of the units are placed
within one hex of the six hexes mentioned on the German
OOB Card. All nine hexes must be used. One unit per hex.
(10c) Two Finnish units of Larjo, which are used in the
Coup(s) and placed in Tornio and/or Kemi [11.0].
[11] Determine the outcome of the Coup(s). The Finnish
player rolls one die per Coup. Adjust the VP-level accord-

ingly. If the Finnish player gained no VPs in the Coup(s),
has the initiative on the first Game Turn (re-roll on a tie).
[12] Play the game by using the 6.1 Sequence of Play Table
on the Player Aid Card. Play all Phases and sub-phases in
the order as listed. Play all sixteen Game Turns (1A—8B) in
this way and determine the winner at the end of the second
Player Turn of Game Turn 8B, OR end the game immedi-

ately when
 the VP-level is less than 0.5 VP or more than 39.5
VPs [29.5]. 
17
 TORNIO '44
31.0 OPTIONAL RULES
(any or all of the rules can be used in a game play)
31.1 Antitank Capability: If a Tank, Antitank or Anti-
aircraft unit is participating in a combat where the opposing
player has a Tank unit, the opposing player’s Tank unit
must take the most expensive combat action.
31.2 Antiaircraft Defense: A Finnish Air Strike may not
take place in a hex where any German Antiaircraft unit is
currently located, despite status of the Antiaircraft unit.
31.3 Bonus Range: All Tank, Antitank and Antiaircraft
units (both light and heavy) have a combat range of two
hexes and a ZOC extending outward two hexes but only
when the hex between the unit and the target hex is Water
or Open Ground and free of any units. The Combat Factors
for long range fire are halved. Movement penalties for long
range ZOC are halved (0.5 instead of 1).
31.4 Battalion Headquarters (HQs): All Stacking markers
are treated as Battalion Headquarters. Use the Stacking
marker rules in all respects [7.1]. A HQ may immediately
be used when any of its represented (designated) units enter
play. A HQ that has no represented unit in the same hex
as the HQ, is automatically eliminated and permanently
removed from play (it may only be used as a Nationality
marker or Indirect Fire Support marker). Each eliminated
HQ is worth 1 VP for the opposing player (the German
player subtracts 1 VP). A HQ cannot be Broken, take step
losses, be out of supply or be counted as a unit in any way.
31.4.1 Combat Units: Each Combat Unit HQ may always
give one half (0.5) odds ratio step bonus in one combat per
Player Turn, but no more than one HQ per hex in an attack,
and two HQs in the target hex. HQ bonus is not allowed in
Defensive Flanking Support [22.4.2] or in Overruns [19.0].
In a Close Combat [22.3], up to two HQs per player may
give this bonus. The HQ bonus is added at the very last to
the final odds ratio, see also 22.1.
31.4.2 Support Units: Each Support Unit HQ may give
a +1 DRM on the 21.7 Indirect Fire Support Table, but no
more than two Support Unit HQs may give a DRM per
Indirect Fire Support.
31.5 Uncertain Time of Arrival: German reinforcements
can be (involuntarily) delayed. Roll a die each German
Player Turn when any reinforcements could arrive. On a
die roll of 1 no reinforcements arrive - they are delayed.
On a die roll of 2—3 half (rounded up) of all current and
any delayed reinforcements may arrive (German player’s
choice). On a die roll of 4—6 all current and any delayed
reinforcements may arrive.
31.6 Increased German Demolition Capability: All un-
broken German Combat Units (only) in the game may make
one demolition attempt per Game Turn. However, if the
unit is a non-Engineer unit, there is a -2 DRM (in addition
to any other modifiers) on the 15.2 Bridge Demolition
Results Table. Otherwise, use rule 15.0 in all respects.
Exception: Rule 15.1 is only used for Engineer units (as
written).  already in Pikku-Berliini.
18
HISTORICAL SUMMARY
(see also the box/ziplock backside)
The initial plan was to make a naval landing in both
Röyttä (outside Tornio) and in one or both of the ports in
Kemi (the central part of Kemi and on the island Ajossaari).
This was to take place on September 30th. Due to a storm
the whole operation was cancelled and postponed for 24
hours. In addition, the plan was changed to only take place
in Röyttä. The Germans had more units in Kemi which
made a naval landing there more hazardous. The Finns
also feared that the Germans had found out what was
going on, which turned out to be wrong. All transport and
merchant vessels used in the naval landings departed from
Oulu, 105 kilometers south of Kemi, where the Finnish 3rd
Army Corps (III AK) Headquarters was also located and
commanded the whole operation.
1. 10. 1944 (Sunday): It was raining heavily with low
clouds and low visibility. A 300-man strong and highly
mixed Finnish unit under the command of maj. Larjo was
to start the whole operation by initiating a coup in Tornio
at 02.00 hours. The purpose was to make sure that the vital
bridge from Tornio to the railroad station east of the town
was not destroyed by the Germans. In addition, the German
military hospital located in the town was to be captured.
A Finnish Detachment the size of an Infantry Battalion
(Os.P) was located in Kemi and guarding the important
factory area in Karihaara (cellulose factory) and the island
Veitsiluoto (sulphite factory). One of the four Companies
of the Battalion captured the island Ajossaari (with a port)
by sea during the night after a short battle with the German
troops at the bridge to the island.
The first Finnish unit disembarked in Röyttä without
incidents at 07.45 hours, only 15 minutes before the deadline
declared by the Allied (Soviet) Control Commission! The
unit was the 11th Infantry Regiment (JR 11) without most
of the heavy equipment and horses under the command of
ev.luut. Halsti. The Germans did not suspect anything as
they believed that the secret agreement, Autumn Maneuver,
was still in effect. Despite this, the Finns lost the initiative
due to many reasons; bad intelligence, inaccurate maps
(1:400000), false rumors and strength exaggerations by
German prisoners. The Finns believed that they were
encountering a much larger enemy force. The Finns also
discovered a large German supply of alcohol (25,000
liters) in Pikku-Berliini at Tornio which made several
hundred men intoxicated and put out of action for about 24
hours. Luckily for the Finns, the Germans were not aware
of this bizarre incident and could therefore not use it to
their advantage. There have also been speculations that the
alcohol depot was in Tornio for a reason. The Germans
were well aware about the Finnish alcohol culture after all
their years as brothers in arms.
The first units that Gen.maj. Kräutler sent from the
Kemi area towards Tornio were one and a half Companies
(Kp.Schiff & parts from 3./Jg.Btl.6). A couple of Platoons
from the 3rd Company of the 6th Jager Battalion were
Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.
 TORNIO '44
The German reinforcements could not do much and they
were quite soon confronting a Finnish force that was twice
as large. The whole Finnish naval landing was a shock and
a total surprise for the Germans. During the first 12 hours
or so, the German command had a hard time determining
what was going on and tried several times to negotiate with
the Finns to stop the attack and to release all the Germans
that had been taken as prisoners so far. The Allied (Soviet)
Control Commission, and in some fashion, also the
Finnish Supreme Headquarters (Päämaja) were surprised
by this bold naval landing. The commander of the landing,
Hjalmar Siilasvuo, had to keep this entire key operation
of the Lapland War secret from his own colleagues and
also partly from his superior, the Chief-in-Command and
Finnish President, Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim.
2. 10. 1944 (Monday): When Kräutler realized that
he was dealing with regular Finnish troops and not just
bandits, he asked his superiors, Gen.oberst Rendulic and
the OKW for more units. Dr. Lothar Rendulic was the new
commander of the German ground forces in Finland (Geb.-
AOK 20) after Gen.oberst Dietl had died in a plane crash
on June 23rd, '44. The situation was tough for the Germans
as they were in the middle of Operation Plan Birke, which
consisted of the partial evacuation from Finland to northern
Norway. Only a few units (II./G.J.R.206, II./Gren.R.379,
Pz.Abt.211 [-] [with old French Somua & Hotchkiss tanks]
& SS-Aufkl.Abt.6) could be released from other front duties
and most of them arrived from the east by trains to Laurila,
outside Kemi, where they disembarked. In addition, K.Gr.
Wutti (16./Geb.Jg.Br.139 & 3./H.Art.Abt.[L.G.] 424)
arrived along the north-eastern road to Alavojakkala, north
of Tornio to make sure that no Finns advanced along that
road. Between six and nine German Ju 87 Stukas from 1./
NSGr.8, located in Rovaniemi, joined the battle and started
to attack the port in Röyttä and managed to sink two Finnish
transport vessels (S/S Bore IX & S/S Maininki). The initiative
was now in the hands of the Germans mainly because they
had three Artillery Battalions in the battle area while the
Finns had none yet. The situation was evened up when one
Infantry Division (3.D) Headquarters under the command
of kenr.maj. Pajari, together with one Infantry Battalion
(III/JR 53) from the 53rd Infantry Regiment (commanded
by ev. Ravila - later ev.luut. Loimu), one Mortar Company
(13.Krh.K/3.D), and the remaining heavy equipment and
horses of the 11th Infantry Regiment arrived in Röyttä.
From now on Pajari took command of all units in the
Tornio area. The initial Finnish plan of the operation in
Tornio-Kemi was that the main thrust would come along
the coast from Oulu to Kemi and the naval landings would
be only a secondary operation. This was changed because
of the slow advance by the units along the coast. This meant
that the naval landings in Tornio became the key element
of the entire operation in northern Finland for a number of
days.
3. 10. 1944 (Tuesday): A strong unit (M.G.Ski-Br.
Finnland) commanded by Oberst Steets with one of its
Battalions (M.G.Btl.14) arrived at Alavojakkala, north
Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.
of Tornio along the Ylitornio Road together with an SS-
Artillery Battalion (III./SS-G.A.R.6 with 12 x 10.5 cm Field
Howitzers) and Antiaircraft from Grenadier Brigade 503.
The units immediately started to push back the Finns south
towards Tornio. The Germans in the Tornio-Kemi area were
from now on divided into three main Battlegroups; K.Gr.
Tornio, K.Gr. Kemi & K.Gr. Steets - all under the command
of D.Gr. Kräutler. K.Gr. Tornio was commanded by Maj.
Krenzer and K.Gr. Kemi by Maj. Fester. The two remaining
Battalions of the Finnish 53rd Infantry Regiment (I–II/JR
53) arrived together with a Tank Company (1.Psv.K with
old Vickers tanks) and two other Companies (K/Pion.P
34 & 25.Tyk.K). Most of the Finnish units were directed
north. The main part of the German units south of Kemi
had by now retreated back to Kemi, waiting for the what
they believed was the Finnish Tank Division that was
advancing from the south along the coastal road. In reality
it was the 15th Infantry Brigade. The Tank Division was
instead directed north-east towards Rovaniemi.
4. 10. 1944 (Wednesday): Operation Plan Birke was
changed for Operation Plan Nordlicht, which consisted
of a full evacuation to the Lyngen defense line north-east
of Narvik in Norway. The fighting at Tornio continued
forcefully. The Finns received two Infantry Battalions
(Er.P 13 & III/JR 50) and one Jager Company (Jääk.K/JR
8). K.Gr. Steets at Alavojakkala received its second organic
Battalion (M.G.Btl.13) together with a Jager Battalion (Jg.
Btl.3) and a Heavy Mortar Company (s.Gr.W.Kp.). The
Jager Battalion arrived from Rovaniemi along the Arpela
Road while the other units arrived along the Ylitornio
Road. The German counter-attack could begin against two
Finnish Battalions (I–II/JR 53).
5. 10. 1944 (Thursday): The situation for the Finns
was getting bad. The Germans were pushing back the
Finns on all fronts. Finally, the Finns received their first
artillery unit (I/KTR 16 with 12 x 76 mm cannons), two
additional Infantry Battalions (I–II/JR 50) from the 50th
Infantry Regiment (commanded by ev. Aho) and a couple
of Mortar Companies (13. & 21.Krh.K). The first Company
of the Regiment (1./JR 50) remained in Oulu as a security
company and never took part in the Tornio-Kemi battle.
The initiative was slowly starting to turn back to the Finns
again. German units were no longer south of Kemi when
the German rearguard (12./Geb.Jg.Br.139) arrived in Kemi
along the Oulu Road.
6. 10. 1944 (Friday): The Finnish second Division
(11.D) Headquarters commanded by kenr.maj. Heiskanen
arrived in Röyttä. The Finnish units were from now on
divided into a Group; Ryhmä Pajari, which was in charge
of all units at Tornio, especially the units attacking to the
east; and a Battle Detachment, Tst.Os. H[eiskanen], which
was in charge of the units attacking to the north. The
fighting north of Tornio became bloody when the Finns
managed to flank K.Gr. Steets who tried to push back the
Finns even more. Two Finnish gunboats (Hämeenmaa &
Uusimaa) arrived at Röyttä. They were mainly used for
Antiaircraft defense.
19
 TORNIO '44
7. 10. 1944 (Saturday): The Soviet 14th Army at the
Arctic Sea launched a huge offensive, called the Petsamo-
Kirkenes Operation. The Germans were in an awkward
situation. With limited reserves they had to withdraw the
organic units of the already badly beaten K.Gr. Steets from
the Tornio area to meet the Soviets. One German Battalion
(F.E.Btl.82) had arrived to assist in the withdrawal.
Meanwhile in Kemi, one strengthened Finnish Infantry
Brigade (15.Pr. with Er.P 5 & Er.Os.Sau) commanded by
ev. Kuistio had been advancing from Oulu. After some
preparations, the Brigade attacked the Germans at Kemi
together with the Detachment (Os.P) commanded by ev.
Pennanen that had been stationed in and around Kemi
ever since mid-September '44. Only one of the Artillery
Battalions (II/KTR 7 with 12 x 76 mm cannons) of the
Brigade made it to the battle scene in time. The other one
was delayed because all bridges south of Kemi had been
destroyed by the retreating Germans. Another Finnish
Artillery Battalion (II/KTR 16 with 12 x 122 mm Howitzers)
was disembarked after being delayed due to a storm. The
Finnish Air Force sent some Brewster BW fighters from
HLeLv 26 (from Vaala, then from Pudasjärvi) to both
protect the disembarkments in Röyttä and to support the
battles at Tornio. The Germans had emptied most of their
supply depots at Kemi. It was time to retreat to the north.
8. 10. 1944 (Sunday): The Finnish 15th (strengthened)
Brigade together with the Detachment (Os.P) pushed back
the Germans at Kemi during the second attack despite some
heavy counter-attacks by the German units. The Finnish
Brigade was divided into two major Battle Detachments;
Tst.Os. Ojala (I, II, IV/15.Pr & Pion.K/15.Pr) and Tst.Os.
Pakkanen (III/15.Pr & Tyk.K/15.Pr). Most of the Germans
in both the Tornio and Kemi areas managed to retreat north
and north-east despite the fact that some of them had been
in Motti. The Finns failed to take the bridges at Kemi in
one piece because they were blown up by the Germans at
08.45 hours. A number of Stukas bombed in desperation
the various factories around Kemi but with only limited
success. In Alavojakkala, north of Tornio, some additional
German units (II./SS-G.J.R.11 [-] & Werf.Abt.11 [-]) had
arrived to assist in the breakout of the last German units in
the area. The Finnish units in the Tornio-Kemi area were
from now on divided into three Battle Detachments. Tst.
Os. Heiskanen (JR 50, Er.P 21, Jääk.K/JR 8, I/KTR 16 &
engineers) continued to pursue the Germans northwards to
Muonio, Tst.Os. Loimu (I–II/JR 53, II/JR 11, Jääk.K/3.D,
13.Krh.K & engineers) to Rovaniemi via the Arpela Road,
and Tst.Os. Halsti (III/JR 11, III/JR 53, Er.P 13, II/KTR 16,
25.Tyk.K & engineers) to Rovaniemi via the northern road
along the Kemijoki River. More and more Finnish units
were to arrive via Röyttä and also along the coastal road
from Oulu (15.D, KTR 4 & JR 8). The last Germans were
eventually pursued in early 1945 all the way to Kilpisjärvi
close to where the Swedish, Norwegian and Finnish borders
meet. The last Germans did not leave the area until April
27th, 1945, less than two weeks before the Second World
War ended in Europe.
20
Conclusion: Finnish casualties at Tornio were 400—
450 killed, 1373 wounded and 25 missing in action, while
German casualties were 500—1000 killed, 2000 wounded
and 558 taken as prisoners. Finnish casualties at Kemi
were 519, while German casualties were several hundred
killed and 300—500 taken as prisoners. Who won? Both
sides failed in their objectives as the Finns failed to take
the bridges at Kemi in one piece and the Germans failed
to push back the Finns from the Tornio area and open up
the road to the north. Both sides were bitter at each other;
the Germans for the Finnish betrayal and the Finns for the
German destruction of Finnish Lapland. 
DESIGNER’S NOTES
TORNIO '44 is the second wargame that I have both
designed and developed. It is quite opposite from my
earlier game-series, The Finnish Trilogy 1939–1945®.
Historically, the battle at Tornio-Kemi in October 1944
was very even and included a lot of situations that were
interesting to incorporate into a game.
The main goal with TORNIO '44 was to develop a
fairly simple but yet interesting, exciting, and historically
accurate game with only a few components. The design is
clear and basic and with a slightly old style look. No illegal
insignias have been used. The initial plan was to make a
game about the battle around Tornio only. Quite soon, I
realized that the game would not be interesting enough
without including the Kemi area too, where the Germans
had an airfield and a large supply depot. As a result, the
map had to be larger and more units were needed. I also
wanted it to be possible for the Finnish player to make naval
landings in Kemi and in the port on the island Ajossaari
although historically the Germans had sunk railway cars at
the dock to make this task difficult. In game terms, the naval
landing is possible but takes more time. The game works
well at this unit and hex scale due to the short campaign.
Days and nights in October are equally long at this latitude
and time of year so it made sense to do 12-hour daytime
and nighttime game turns although I wanted them to differ
from each other.
The rules are fairly mainstream. The most unique feature
is the combat mechanism. I wanted to create something
that did not have a standard Combat Results Table but
instead gives the owning player more freedom in how to
take his losses. The game focuses almost solely on the
combat actions. I wanted to include a feature in the game
where units could be both physically and psychologically
exhausted but only for a short period of time. Initiative
determination was another important factor as well as the
Stacking markers and the Fog of War they create. The
bizarre rule about the alcohol depots is used since they
played a major role in the battle. The weather check on
both Player (Daytime) Turns was incorporated to reflect
the weather phenomena as a very local feature and also a
highly unpredictable one. This will also add some dynamics
and more uncertainty in the play. Indirect Fire Support is
also allowed into hexes where no friendly units (spotters)
Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.
 TORNIO '44
are adjacent because artillery could also be directed (but
with less accuracy) via air reconnaissance, spies or purely
by maps when you knew that a certain location (such as a
factory) included enemy units.
• Only units of the size of Companies/Batteries have
been used in the game. • All Finnish Companies of JR 11, 50
& 53 are equally strong although back in the summer of '41
their combat strength varied somewhat. • A Platoon-sized
Finnish unit of Os.P was also located on Laitakari island at
the start of hostilities but this has been ignored in the game.
• The 4th (Machine gun) Company in a Battalion was often
divided into Platoons for the other three Companies in the
Battalion as support. • No Finnish units are included that
arrived in Röyttä on October 8th, 1944 or later, such as JR
8, Er.P 21 & 14./JR 53. • The terrain at Tornio-Kemi is flat
with a lot of open ground and the forest in the region is and
was not so dense.
What makes TORNIO '44 interesting is that at the very
start of the game there are several features that can affect
play for the next couple of Game Turns. The Finnish player
has to make several important decisions at the start of play,
the first being to choose between three possible Coup
alternatives; (1) Tornio, (2) Kemi, or (3) both. A failed Coup
will give the Finnish player a bad start. Then there are up to
seven different ways to actually start the game. The player
must decide where the Finnish units will do their naval
landings on the first Game Turn: (1) Röyttä (R); (2) Ajos
(A); (3) Kemi (K); (4) R + A; (5) R + K; (6) A + K; or (7) R
+ A + K (all). This is very crucial as it will affect the various
German alarm levels. Since reinforcements can arrive from
so many parts of the map, the battlefield becomes dynamic
and slightly chaotic. The Germans have one ally and that
is “King Alcohol”. The German player should hide the
alcohol depots on the map wisely because they can very
effectively stop the enemy for a while. Enjoy! /Miku 
APPENDIX
Finnish Commander Rank Abbreviations
(as listed in the game in alphabetical order):
ev. = eversti (Colonel).
ev.luut. = everstiluutnantti (Lieutenant Colonel).
kapt. = kapteeni (Captain).
kenr.luut. = kenraaliluutnantti (Major General).
kenr.maj. = kenraalimajuri (Brigadier General).
luut. = luutnantti (Lieutenant).
maj. = majuri (Major).
ratsum. = ratsumestari (Captain in the Cavalry).
German Commander Rank Abbreviations
(as listed in the game in alphabetical order):
Gen.maj. = Generalmajor (Brigadier General).
Gen.oberst = Generaloberst (General).
Hauptm. = Hauptmann (Captain).
Lt. = Leutnant (Lieutenant).
Maj. = Major (Major).
Oberst (Colonel).
Oblt. = Oberleutnant (1st Lieutenant).
SS-Hauptsturmführer (Captain in the Waffen-SS).
SS-Obersturmführer (1st Lieutenant in the Waffen-SS).
Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.
Main Sources
Books:
Ahto, Sampo: Aseveljet vastakkain, Lapin sota 1944-1945.
Kirjayhtymä Helsinki. Karisto Oy. Hämeenlinna, 1980.
Hyvönen, Osmo: Tornio 1944. Gummerus Kirjapaino Oy.
Jyväskylä, 1991.
Jatkosodan Historia osa 5. Sotatieteen Laitoksen julkaisuja
XXV:5. WSOY, Porvoo 1992.
Jatkosodan tiellä. Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulun Sotahistorian
laitos ja Sotamuseo, 2004.
Jatuli XIX: toim. Ossi Hedman & Pauli Sutela. Kemin Kotiseutu-
ja museoyhdistyksen julkaisu 1984.
Kaltenegger, Roland: Krieg in der Arktis, Die Operationen der
Lappland-Armee 1942-45. Leopold Stocker Verlag, Graz
2003.
Kaltenegger, Roland: Schicksalsweg und Kampf der
“Bergschuh”- Division, Die Kriegschronik der
7. Gebirgs-Division, vormals 99. leichte Infanterie Division.
Leopold Stocker Verlag, Graz 1985.
Kulju, Mika: Lapin Sota 1944-1945. Gummerus, Tornio 2013.
Kuusela, Kari: Wehrmachtin Panssarit Suomessa. 2000 Wiking-
Divisioona Oy.
Raunio, Ari; Kilin, Juri: Jatkosodan torjuntataisteluja 1942-44.
Suomen sotakirjuri Oy & Affecto Finland Oy. Karttakeskus,
Helsinki 2008.
Suomen Sota 1941-1945, 8. osa. Sotahistoriallisen Tutkimus-
laitoksen Sotahistoriallisen Laitoksen Julkaisuja IX:8.
Kustannus OY Kivi, Kuopio, 1958.
United States War Department Technical Manual: Handbook on
German Military Forces, 15 March 1945. TM-E 30-451.
Valtonen, Hannu: Pohjoinen ilmasota, Suomeen liittyvät sota-
toimet syksystä 1944 kevääseen 1945. Keski-Suomen
Ilmailumuseon julkaisuja 5. Gummerus Kirjapaino OY,
Jyväskylä 1996.
Internet:
http://digi.narc.fi/digi/ (Finnish War Diaries & other Documents).
Microfilms:
Anlagenband zum KTB des (Geb.)AOK 20 Ia Nr. 5, 1.—30.9.44 &
1.—31.10.44. Microfilms 8:2.628 and 8:2.629. National Archives,
Helsinki. 
MIKUGAMES
Updates & game info: www.mikugames.com
Questions & comments: info@mikugames.com
GAME CREDITS
Design, Development, Art & Production:
Mikael “Miku” Grönroos.
Proofreading and/or Playtesting:
Donald Garlit, Markus Grönroos, Niilo Kalakoski, Tero
Karasjärvi, Klas Malmström, Asko Nisula, Ivan Ohlsson,
Robert Ohlsson, Greg Rogers, Chris Smith, Hannu Uusitalo
and Ville Uusitupa.
TORNIO '44 game was made in Sweden between July
2014 and April 2015 and printed end of April 2015 by SIB-
Tryck Holding AB in Stockholm, Sweden. This 1.3 version
of the Rules Manual was finished and printed in July 2016.
These rules are also available in Finnish language. 
21
 TORNIO '44

Finnish TORNIO '44 German - Heer, Waffen-SS & Luftwaffe

(III/139)

II/206
III/11

III/11

I/139

I/139

I/139

I/139
II/11

II/11

II/11

II/11
I/11

I/11

I/11

I/11

10.

12.
K
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

6.
1.

2.

3.

4.
N N N

T
4 -6-6 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 6 -8-5 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 6 -8-5 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 1 -2-6 1 -2-6 1 -2-6 4 -6-8 4 -6-8 4 -6-8 6 -8-7 4 -6-8 4 -6-8

II/206

II/206

II/379

II/379

II/379

II/379
II/206
III/11

III/11

III/50

Schiff
II/50

II/50

II/50

II/50
I/50

I/50

I/50
11.

12.

13
3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

7.

9.

5.

6.

7.

8.
8.

1.
2
4 -6-6 6 -8-5 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 6 -8-5 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 6 -8-5 4 -6-6 4 -6-8 4 -6-8 6 -8-7 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 6 -8-5 2 -4-9 6 -8-9
III/50

III/50

III/50

II/53

II/53

II/53
I/53

I/53

I/53

I/53
10.

11.

12.

13

13

13

14

14

14

14
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

1.

2.
2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

3
4 -6-6 4 -6-6 6 -8-5 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 6 -8-5 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 6 -8-9 6 -8-9 6 -8-9 6 -8 -9 6 -8-9 6 -8-9 6 -8-9 4 -6-8 4 -6-8
III/53

III/53

III/53

III/53
II/53

II/15
I/15

I/15

I/15

I/15
10.

11.

12.

82
8.

9.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

3.

5.

1.

2.

3.

5.

1.
4.

4.
3

6
3

6
6 -8-5 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 6 -8-5 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 6 -8-5 4 -6-6 4 -6-8 6 -8-7 2 -4-8 4 -6-8 4 -6-8 4 -6-8 6 -8-7 2 -4-8 2 -4-8

(Br.139)

(Br.139)
6 9
III/15

III/15

III/15

III/15

IV/15

IV/15

IV/15
II/15

II/15

II/15

(211)

II/82
(55)

(F)
GW.
10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.
82

82

82
6.

7.

8.

9.

2.

3.

4.

2.

2.

4.
4 -6-6 4 -6-6 6 -8-5 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 6 -8-5 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 2 -4-8 2 -4-8 4 -6-7 2 -4-8 2 -4-8 4 -4-9 8 -6-8 4 2 -8 4 2 -5
9 9 7 7 7 7 12 12 11

(Larjo)
IV/15

Kari.

II/82

II/82

424

424

424

424

520

520

520
16.

13

13

13

13
1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

3.

4.

1.

2.

3.
5.

6.
5

6 -8-5 2 -4-6 2 -4-6 2 -4-6 4 -6-5 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 4 -6-6 6 -8-5 1 -2-6 4 2 -5 4 2 -5 4 2 -7 4 2 -7 4 2 -7 4 2 -7 6 2 -7 6 2 -7 8 2 -7
7 7
(Larjo)
Toivo.

Jääk.

Jääk.
(3.D)

(JR8)
Os.P

Os.P

Os.P

Os.P
KK.

Sau

Sau

Sau
36.

11

11
1.

2.
1.

2.

1.

2.

3.

1 -2-6 4 -6-8 4 -6-8 4 -6-8 6 -8-7 2 -4-8 2 -4-8 4 -6-7 4 -6-8 4 -6-8 4 2 -8 4 2 -8 I/139 II/206 II/379 13 14 3 6
6 7
(15.Pr.)
(15.Pr.)

(15.Pr.)
(JR11)

(JR11)

(JR50)
Jääk.

Jääk.

Pion.
(3.D)

(3.D)
Tyk.

(34)

21.
14.

14.

25.

13.

S6

S6

S6
11
K

1.

1.

2.

3.
4 -6-8 4 -6-8 2 -4-5 2 -4-5 2 -4-5 2 -4-5 4 -4-6 4 -4-6 6 -4-8 4 2 -5 6 2 -8 82 II/82 424 520 11 4 -6-9 4 -6-9 4 -6-9
6 6 6 6 6 9 9 Intoxic.
(15.Pr.)
(11.D)
(JR11)

(JR50)

(JR53)

II/11

II/11
VPs VP
Krh.

II/7

II/7
13.

13.

13.

21.

A6

A6

A6
S6
S6
4.

5.

5.
4.

6.

7.

1.

2.

3.
Broken 2
4 2 -5 4 2 -5 4 2 -5 4 2 -5 4 2 -5 4 2 -4 4 2 -4 0+ No Actions Diff. 6 -8-9 2 -4-8 4 -6-8 4 -6-8 2 -4-8 2 -4-8 2 -4-9 S6 II/11
or ZOC
9 13 13 10 8 8 8 Intoxic. 12 12 12
II/16

II/16

II/16

III/6

III/6

III/6
VPs
I/16

I/16

I/16
II/7

A6

(6)
(6)

(6)

1.
6.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

2.

3.

7.

8.

9.
4.

Broken 2
20+ No Actions Finnish
4 2 -4 4 2 -4 4 2 -4 4 2 -4 6 2 -3 6 2 -3 6 2 -3 or ZOC TURN 2 -4-9 2 -4-8 4 -4-9 2 -4-8 6 2 -7 6 2 -7 6 2 -7 A6 III/6
Air Achtung! Broken Broken Broken Broken Broken Broken
(503)
Fla

Gefahr!
1 1 1 1 1 1
I/11 II/11 III/11 I/50 II/50 III/50 I/53 II/53 III/53 I/15 Strike 1 -2-9  Level Level Level Level Level Level
Achtung! Broken Broken Broken Broken Broken Broken
(I/47)
(15)
2.

3.

Gefahr!
1 1 1 1 1 1
II/15 III/15 IV/15 5 13 Os.P Sau I/16 II/16 II/7 2 -4-8 2 -4-8  Level Level Level Level Level Level
Countersheet 1:1 (Front) 15010400 Copyright © 2015 Mikugames. All rights reserved.

German - Heer, Waffen-SS & Luftwaffe TORNIO '44 Finnish

(III/139)
II/206

III/11

III/11
I/139

I/139

I/139

I/139

II/11

II/11

II/11

II/11

I/11

I/11

I/11

I/11
10.
12.

9.

8.

7.

6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.
6.

4.

3.

2.

1.

N N N
A
T

2 -3-8 2 -3-8 3 -4-7 2 -3-8 2 -3-8 2 -3-8 H-1-6 H-1-6 H-1-6 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 3 -4-5 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 3 -4-5 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 2 -3-6
II/379

II/379

II/379

II/379

II/206

II/206
II/206

III/50

III/11

III/11
Schiff

II/50

II/50

II/50

II/50

I/50

I/50

I/50

12.

11.
13

9.

8.

7.

6.

5.

4.

3.
8.

7.

6.

5.

9.

7.
1.

8.

3 -4-9 1 -2-9 3 -4-5 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 3 -4-7 2 -3-8 2 -3-8 2 -3-6 3 -4-5 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 3 -4-5 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 3 -4-5 2 -3-6 2

III/50

III/50

III/50
II/53

II/53

II/53

I/53

I/53

I/53

I/53

12.

11.

10.
14

14

14

14

13

13

13

7.

6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.
2.

1.

4.

3.

2.

1.

4.

3.

2.
3

2 -3-8 2 -3-8 3 -4-9 3 -4-9 3 -4-9 3 -4-9 3 -4-9 3 -4-9 3 -4-9 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 3 -4-5 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 3 -4-5 2 -3-6 2 -3-6
III/53

III/53

III/53

III/53
II/15

II/53
I/15

I/15

I/15

I/15

12.

11.

10.
82

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.

9.

8.
1.

5.

3.

2.

1.

5.

3.
4.

4.
6

3
6

1 -2-8 1 -2-8 3 -4-7 2 -3-8 2 -3-8 2 -3-8 1 -2-8 3 -4-7 2 -3-8 2 -3-6 3 -4-5 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 3 -4-5 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 3 -4-5
(Br.139)

(Br.139)

9 6
III/15

III/15

III/15

III/15
IV/15

IV/15

IV/15

II/15

II/15

II/15
II/82

(211)

(55)
(F)
GW.

15.

14.

13.

12.

11.

10.
17.

16.

82

82

82

9.

8.

7.

6.
2.

2.

4.

3.

2.
4.

2 1 -5 2 1 -8 4 -3-8 2 -2-9 1 -2-8 1 -2-8 2 -3-7 1 -2-8 1 -2-8 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 3 -4-5 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 3 -4-5 2 -3-6 2 -3-6
11 12 12 7 7 7 7 9 9
(Larjo)

IV/15
Kari.
II/82

II/82
520

520

520

424

424

424

424

16.
13

13

13

13
4.

3.

2.

1.

4.

3.

2.

1.
3.

2.

1.

4.

3.

2.

1.

6.

5.

4 1 -7 3 1 -7 3 1 -7 2 1 -7 2 1 -7 2 1 -7 2 1 -7 2 1 -5 2 1 -5 H-1-6 3 -4-5 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 2 -3-6 2 -3-5 1 -2-6 1 -2-6 1 -2-6 3 -4-5
7 7
(Larjo)
Toivo.
Jääk.

Jääk.

(3.D)
(JR8)

Os.P

Os.P

Os.P

Os.P
KK.
Sau

Sau

Sau

36.
11

11
2.

1.

3.

2.

1.

2.

1.

2 1 -8 2 1 -8 2 -3-8 2 -3-8 2 -3-7 1 -2-8 1 -2-8 3 -4-7 2 -3-8 2 -3-8 2 -3-8 H-1-6
7 6
(15.Pr.)

(15.Pr.)

(15.Pr.)
(JR50)

(JR11)

(JR11)

Indirect Indirect Indirect Indirect

Jääk.

Jääk.
Pion.
(3.D)

(3.D)
Tyk.
(34)
21.

13.

25.

14.

14.
S6

S6

S6

11

K
3.

2.

1.

1.

Fire Fire Fire Fire

2 -3-9 2 -3-9 2 -3-9 Support Support Support Support 3 1 -8 2 1 -5 3 -2-8 2 -2-6 2 -2-6 1 -2-5 1 -2-5 1 -2-5 1 -2-5 2 -3-8 2 -3-8
Hang- 9 9 6 6 6 6 6
(15.Pr.)

(11.D)

(JR53)

(JR50)

(JR11)
II/11

II/11

VP VPs
Krh.
II/7

II/7

21.

13.

13.

13.
A6

A6

A6

S6

S6
5.

5.

4.
3.

2.

1.

7.

6.

4.

over
1 -2-9 1 -2-8 1 -2-8 2 -3-8 2 -3-8 1 -2-8 3 -4-9 Diff. Broken 1 10+ 2 1 -4 2 1 -4 2 1 -5 2 1 -5 2 1 -5 2 1 -5 2 1 -5
12 12 12 8 8 8 10 13 13 9
Indirect Hang-
II/16

II/16

II/16
III/6

III/6

III/6

VPs
I/16

I/16

I/16

II/7
A6
(6)

(6)

(6)
1.
9.

8.

7.

3.

2.

6.

5.

4.

3.

2.

1.

6.
4.

Fire
German
over
Support 3 1 -7 3 1 -7 3 1 -7 1 -2-8 2 -2-9 1 -2-8 1 -2-9 Broken 1 30+ 3 1 -3 3 1 -3 3 1 -3 2 1 -4 2 1 -4 2 1 -4 2 1 -4
TURN

Broken Broken Broken Broken Broken Broken Brücke Air

(503)
Fla

2 2 2 2 2 2 kaputt!
Levels! Levels! Levels! Levels! Levels! Levels! H-1-9 Strike
Broken Broken Broken Broken Broken Broken Brücke Indirect Indirect Indirect
(I/47)

(15)
3.

2.

2 2 2 2 2 2 kaputt! Fire Fire Fire

Levels! Levels! Levels! Levels! Levels! Levels! 1 -2-8 1 -2-8 Support Support Support

Countersheet 1:1 (Back) 15010400 Copyright © 2015 Mikugames. All rights reserved.

22 Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.

 TORNIO '44
Transfer Point A [17.3]
GAME TURN [6.0]

SS-Hauptsturmführer
0101 0105 0110


 Transfer


TORNIO '44

Maj. Kuhlmann
”Road” Daytime Nighttime
0.5 to Point B.
Blocked

Commander:

Commander:

Commander:

Commander:
[16.2.2] Rovaniemi Duration: Coup
via Arpela 1 Turn.
1A

GERMAN STACKING MARKER BOXES [7.1]

Renz
0201 0205 0210

SS-

 Finnish naval landing behind the German lines 1B

-


Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken
Levels!

Levels!

Levels!

Levels!
II/379
Yl

III/6
Level

Level

Level

Level
ito

S6

11
1

2
0.5
2A
r nio

0301 0305 0310

Road
Suima
2B

(III) Lt. Unterwegger

Blocked

Maj. Krammer (?)

(I) Maj. Glückner
[16.2.2] Ylivojakkala
3A

(II) Oblt. Löhe

Commanders:

Maj. Saul (?)

Commander:

Commander:

Commander:
0401 0405 0410

 3B



SS-
0.5 4A

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken
Levels!

Levels!

Levels!

Levels!
II/206

I/139

II/11
Level

Level

Level

Level
0505 0510
4B

14
1

2
Oukka
(Yli-Liakka) 5A
Alavojakkala

SS-Obersturmführer

Maj. de Lorenzi (?)

0605 0610 5B


Oberst Michalke
Zimmermann
Commander:

Commander:

Commander:

Commander:

 6A
0705 0710 6B

-
Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken
Levels!

Levels!

Levels!

Levels!
7A

Level

Level

Level

Level
520
A6

13

82
1

2
0805 0810
7B
Sweden

Li a
Finland

8A

Maj. Kimmerle
ka
8B

Commander:

Commander:

Commander:

Commander:
n

Maj. Friedt
Maj. Fester
To

Maj. Hett
0905 0910 End
joki
rn

WEATHER [12.0]
ion

-
Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken
Levels!

Levels!

Levels!

Levels!
II/82
Level

Level

Level

Level
424
jok

1005 1010

2
6

3
Sunny Cloudy
i

Air Strike! └ No Air Strike! ┘ Transfer Point B [17.3]

FINNISH VICTORY POINTS [29.0]
1105 1110
MARKER BOX Extra Transfer
Liakka Keep markers here 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 VP to Point A.
when not used in play marker Duration:
Sweden

1 Turn.
1205 1210 1215 1220  1225
 i
Ke r

iem


n
va
op
0.5 Ro

u 1305 1310 1315 1320

Finland
das

Kiviranta Road
Ke s
Li a

Jä r


  Blocked
k


ki [16.2.2]
a j vi 0.5
1405 n j 1410 1415 1420 1425
oki
joki

Suensaari
oki

TORNIO

Pikku-
1505
Yliraumo
1510 1515 1520

  Berliini

 Ruottala
 1605 1610 1615 1620 1625
Pudas

Ra u

Liedakkala Ilmola
 m Alaraumo
on
1705 1710 1715 1720
jo ki
Sweden

Finland

Laivajärvi

Ki rkk o
pu 1805 1810 1815 1820 1825
da s
 Hirmula
Alatornio ki
1905 1910 1915 jo 1920
kam o

aa
K

2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Pirkkiö Mäkiniemi
2105 2110 2115 2120
Hellälä

Palosaari Laivaniemi

ki
2205 2210 2215 2220 ki 2225

ijo

jo
m
Kaakamo

u s
Puuluoto

Ke
Ak
k un
2305 2310 2315 2320

Pö r

hö Laurila Ketolanperä
2405 2410 2415 l 2420 2425

änp u

 Lautiosaari
d
as
2505 2510 2515
Isohaaran
 2520
Sweden

Finland

voimalaitos
(power plant)

2605 2610 2615 2620 2625

 

Röyttä  Soti- 
Alarm Level
Low (R)
 saari 
1 MP
Perämeri 2715 2720

Lentokenttä
(Airfield) Perta-aapa
2815 2820 2825

Kuiva- 
0 1 2 3 4 5 km
nuoro
TERRAIN KEY [18.5] MP Guide Important Railroad
2915
 2920

Lake VP Exit Hex Hex Number MainRoad Bridge Major River with station VP-object Island Port Illegal Hex 

 2415

0.5  N
3020 3025
 
   Karihaara
1 MP
Open Forest Swamp Secondary Minor Finnish/German Village Town/ Finnish-Swedish Landing Water 3120
Ground Road River Supply Depot (Buildings) Factory Area Border Site Hex
Tervaharju
Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken
Levels!

Levels!

Levels!

Levels!

Levels!
Level

Level

Level

Level

Level
I/15

I/50

I/53

I/11
Sau
2

3220 3225

 
maj. Heiskanen
Commander:

ratsum. Eskola
Commander:

(II) kapt. Ritvanen

(I) kapt. Hetemäki
Commanders:

kapt. Terho
Commander:

maj. Malmivaara
Commander:


KEMI 
Alarm Level 3 MPs 3320
Very High (K)
FINNISH STACKING MARKER BOXES [7.1]

Selkäsaari 3420 3425

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken
Levels!

Levels!

Levels!

Levels!

Levels!
II/15

II/50

II/53

II/11
Level

Level

Level

Level

Level
2

1
5

Kittiläjärvi
Laitakari3520
maj. Hautala
Commander:

maj. Lehtonen
Commander:

maj. Manninen
Commander:

maj. Ketonen
Commander:

(III) kapt. Palatsi

(II) kapt. Toivonen
(I) maj. Varla
Commanders:

From
Game
Turn
5A
3620 3625

 
lu 
Ou
Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken
Levels!

Levels!

Levels!

Levels!

Levels!
III/15

III/50

III/53

III/11
II/16
Level

Level

Level

Level

Level


2

3720 
Until
 
maj. Heinänen
Commander:

ev.luut. Ojala
Commander:

kapt. Tiainen
Commander:

maj. Linnakorpi
Commander:

(II) kapt. Vierimaa

(I) maj. Valkonen
Commanders:

 Game
Turn
4B
3820 3825
Veitsi-
luoto
3920
Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken

Broken
Levels!

Levels!

Levels!

Levels!

Levels!
IV/15

Ajos
Os.P
Level

Level

Level

Level

Level
I/16
II/7



13
2

Alarm Level
High (A)  Satamanperä
maj. Winqvist
Commander:

maj. Teira
Commander:

maj. Koskinen
Commander:

maj. Tiitola
Commander:

ev. Pennanen
Commander:

® 3 MPs 4020 4025

Ajossaari

TORNIO '44 map artwork made by Mikael “Miku” Grönroos. 15010500 Printed in Sweden. Copyright © 2015 Mikugames. All rights reserved.

Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved. 23

 TORNIO '44

INDEX M
Motorized Unit (Movement Class) [17.1] ....................... 8
A Motti (Isolation) [26.0] .................................................. 15
Action Point (AP) [22.1 & 22.6] .......................... 10 & 12 Movement [17.0] ............................................................. 8
Action Order [22.9] ....................................................... 13 Movement Classes [17.1] ................................................ 8
Achtung! Gefahr! Markers [15.0] .................................... 6 Movement Factor (MF) [17.0] ........................................ 8
Advance After Combat [24.0] ....................................... 15 Movement Point (MP) [17.0] .......................................... 8
Air Strike [20.0] .............................................................. 9 Multi-Hex Attack [22.4.1] ............................................. 12
Alarm Levels [16.2.1] ..................................................... 7 N
Alcohol Depots [28.0] ................................................... 16 Nationality Markers [8.1] ................................................ 4
Attack Factor [22.0] ...................................................... 10 Naval Landings [16.2.3] .................................................. 7
At Start Units [16.1] ........................................................ 7 Nighttime ([B] Game Turns) [27.0] .............................. 15
B O
Bridges [15.0 & 20.2] ............................................... 6 & 9 One Hex Movement [17.4] .............................................. 8
Broken Unit Markers [23.0 & 23.1] .............................. 14 Overrun [19.0] ................................................................. 9
Broken Units [23.0] ....................................................... 14 P
Brücke kaputt! Markers [15.0] ........................................ 6 Panic [22.6.6] ................................................................ 13
C Phase [6.0] ....................................................................... 3
Close Combat [22.3] ...................................................... 11 Phasing Player [5.4] ........................................................ 3
Close Defense Factor [21.3] .......................................... 10 Player Turn [6.0] ............................................................. 3
Combat [22.0] ................................................................ 10 R
Combat Modifiers [22.4] ............................................... 11 Railroads [18.3] ............................................................... 8
Counters [4.4] .................................................................. 2 Regular Combat [22.2] .................................................. 11
Coup (Coup de Main) [11.0] ........................................... 5 Reinforcements [16.2] ..................................................... 7
D Replacement Point (RP) [14.0] ....................................... 6
Defender Bonus Die Roll (DR) [22.5.1] ....................... 12 Replacements [14.0] ........................................................ 6
Defense Factor [22.0] .................................................... 10 Retreat [22.6.5] .............................................................. 12
Defensive Flanking Support [22.4.2] ............................ 12 Rivers [18.1] .................................................................... 8
Demolitions [15.0] .......................................................... 6 Roads [18.2] .................................................................... 8
E S
Engineer Units [15.0] ...................................................... 6 Sequence of Play [6.0] .................................................... 3
Exploitation [25.0] ........................................................ 15 Stacking Limit [7.0] ........................................................ 4
F Stacking Markers [7.1] .................................................... 4
Fog of War [8.0] .............................................................. 4 Stacking Marker Boxes [23.2] ...................................... 14
Foot Unit (Movement Class) [17.1] ................................ 8 Step Loss [22.6.1] .......................................................... 12
G Supply [13.0] ................................................................... 5
Game Terms [5.0] ............................................................ 3 Supply Depots [13.0] ....................................................... 5
Game Turn [6.0] .............................................................. 3 Support Factor [21.0] .................................................... 10
German Prisoners [26.1] ............................................... 15 Support Units [21.0] ...................................................... 10
German Restriction [16.2.2] ............................................ 7 T
H Tank Units [24.1] ........................................................... 15
Hex Control [9.0] ............................................................ 5 Terrain [18.0] ................................................................... 8
Hex Ownership [10.0] ..................................................... 5 Tornio [11.0] .................................................................... 5
Town/Factory Area [22.3] ............................................. 11
I
Transfer Points [17.3] ...................................................... 8
Illegal Hexes [18.4] ......................................................... 9
Indirect Fire Support [21.0] ........................................... 10 U
Indirect Fire Support Modifiers [21.4] .......................... 10 Unit Types [4.4.3] ............................................................ 2
Initiative [29.2 & 29.3] .................................................. 16 V
Intoxic. Markers [28.1] .................................................. 16 Victory Point (VP) [29.0] .............................................. 16
Intoxicated Units [28.1] ................................................. 16 VP Diff. Marker [29.3] .................................................. 16
K VP-objects [29.4] .......................................................... 17
Kemi [11.0] ...................................................................... 5 VP Exit Hex [16.2.2, 17.2.1 & 29.4] .................. 7, 8 & 17
Kemijoki [15.0] ................................................................ 6 W
L Weather [12.0] ................................................................. 5
Landing Site Hexes [16.2.3] ............................................ 7 Z
Long-Range Fire Capability [21.2] ............................... 10 Zone of Control (ZOC) [9.0] ........................................... 5

24 Copyright © 2016 Mikugames. All rights reserved.