LCA Methodology Evaluation of Feed Ingredients Impact and The Importance For Trace Minerals - Alessandra Monteiro

PHILIPPINE SOCIETY OF ANIMAL NUTRITIONISTS
35ᵗʰ Annual Convention

05 - 07 Oct 2022 | 9am - 2pm PHT
LCA methodology: evaluation of feed

ingredients impact and the
importance for trace minerals
Dr. Alessandra Monteiro, Animine, France
Introduction
The ambivalent nature of copper and zinc
• Nutritional, structural and physiological functions
• Intestinal health
• Animal performance
2
Introduction
The ambivalent nature of copper and zinc
• Non renewable resources
• Antimicrobial resistance
• Toxicity to plants and organisms
Pal et al., 2017 3

Introduction
Supplementation higher than the nutritional
requirements
• Security margins
• Heterogenous population
Most of ingested is excreted

4
35ᵗʰ Annual Convention | 05 - 07 Oct 2022 | 9am - 2pm PHT
Tools to evaluate the sustainability
Nutrient excretion
Intake
Excretion
Retention Rigolot et al., 2011
Absorption, homeostasis and retention:

• Zn: 20.6 mg/kg of BW
• Cu: 1.10 mg/kg of BW 5
Nutrient excretion
Excretion
Jondreville et al., 2003
80 to 90% of intake is excreted

6
Nutrient excretion
Intake
Regulations on Cu and Zn in the feed

7
Europe
• 2016:
Revision of Zn levels
• 2018:
Revision of Cu levels
• 2022:
Ban of pharma ZnO

8
Mineral Max. dosage, mg/kg of diet

Cu Piglets (< 4 wks after weaning): 150
Piglets (< 8 wks after weaning): 100
Swine animals: 25
Zn Piglets and sows: 150
Pigs: 120
9
China
Mineral Max. dosage, mg/kg of diet

Cu Piglets (<25kg): 125
Swine animals: 25
Zn Piglets (<25kg): 110
Sows: 100
Swine animals: 80
10
China
• Prospects:
Reduce pharma ZnO
(3kg  2kg)

11
Nutrient excretion
From 150 to 120 ppm of Zn in growing-finishing diets

12
35ᵗʰ Annual Convention | 05 - 07 Oct 2022 | 9am - 2pm PHT https://animine.eu/siMMin/
Nutrient excretion
- From 150 to 120 ppm
of Zn
- Growing-finishing
diets

13
How about pharmacological levels of Zn?
~12g of Zn
excreted/piglet.

14
How about pharmacological levels of Zn?
Average Thai farm with
5,000 sows and 28 piglets
weaned/sow/year:
140 000 piglets
Total excretion of 1.7 ton
Zn
15
From 2500 to 150 ppm of Zn in piglet diets

16
From 2500 to 150 ppm of Zn in piglet diets

17
Nutrient excretion
Manure from
livestock
51%
production has an
important
contribution on the
total Zn input on
agricultural soils.
78%
18
Formentini et al., 2016
Nutrient excretion
Environmental impact relies in many parameters
19
McAuliffe et al., 2016
LCA
Life Cycle Assessment

20
LCA

21
LCA
Steps of an LCA study (ISO 14040)
Goal and Inventory Impact Interpretat
scope analysis evaluation ion
definition

22
Inventory Midpoints Endpoints
Climate change
Human health
Human toxicity
Ionizing radiation
Elementary Natural
Acidification
flows environment
Eutrophication
Ecotoxicity Natural resources
Land use
Resource depletion 23
Inventory Midpoints Endpoints
Climate change
Human health
Human toxicity
Ionizing radiation
Elementary Natural
Acidification
flows environment
Eutrophication
Ecotoxicity Natural resources
Emissions of trace IncreasedLand use

concentration of Extinction of
minerals (TM) into soil TM in soil
Resource depletion species24
LCA
Importance for the feed chain
25
LCA
• 2018: PEF Category Rules
• Objective: to avoid “greenwashing”

communications, to gain the trust
of consumers
• Is it really necessary?
26
Labels
27
LCA
How to select the best product?

28
LCA
• Environmentally friendly products on
the EU market.
• Solid information on plant- and

animal-based feed ingredients.
29
LCA
How about minerals?
Contribution (%) of feed ingredients to environmental footprint
30
Monteiro & Dourmad (2018)
Beyond carbon footprint
The sustainability of trace mineral sources
Example of LCA study of trace minerals
Raw material Production

extraction process
Potentiated zinc
(porous structure)
Monovalent
copper
31
Carbon footprint, kg CO2-eq./kg of product
Highest
contributor to
Carbon Footprint
for both sources
Potentiated Monovalent
Zn Cu 32
Thermal energy
for monovalent
Cu is
compensated for
sold heat
Zn Cu 33
Additional step
for potentiated
Zn, with high heat
consumption
(drying)
Zn Cu 34
Freshwater ecotoxicity, CTUe/kg product
Copper has twice

the impact of zinc
on freshwater
ecotoxicity
Zn Cu 35
Freshwater ecotoxicity, CTUe/kg product
Impact is reduced
by treating
effluents from
potentiated Zn
production
Zn Cu 36
Resource use, minerals and metals, kg Sb-eq./kg product
Zn Cu 37
Carbon footprint per kg of mineral provided
Results in % of sulfates (in grey)

38
1 ton of sulfate
minerals by low carbon
footprint
Save 12’911 kg de
CO2-eq
39
213 tree seedlings

grown for 10 years*

40
35ᵗʰ Annual Convention | 05 - 07 Oct 2022 | 9am - 2pm PHT *https://www.epa.gov/energy/greenhouse-gas-equivalencies-calculator
 Freshwater ecotoxicity
Potentiated Zn
& Monovalent  Freshwater eutrophication
Cu have less
 Marine eutrophication
impact on water
quality

41
Conclusions
Trace minerals: essentials and toxic
Fine tune their dietary dosage
Prioritize sources with low environmental footprint
Achieve a low impact livestock

42
Thank you for your attention !
43

LCA Methodology Evaluation of Feed Ingredients Impact and The Importance For Trace Minerals - Alessandra Monteiro

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PHILIPPINE SOCIETY OF ANIMAL NUTRITIONISTS

35ᵗʰ Annual Convention