You are on page 1of 20

2

':I r ~
.. : >
":. ~
;, ;.

.. --
:,
.. • =
~ • C L
: < C
i .: e
C

: •• .
.. ~
= :
.. • .. ••
....• - • ••• ..-
:;.
;

-
:,
,:.
. L
:. ,: II
••
-
•1J•
,a_;
~

2
- -= •

= •
Ill '&

41
Ji,

• -
--
..,; : • Ill
>
:;
.. ~
•- ..
I& •
..
(
I&

?
...- -, •• -
• -
&


D . •..

c.:
•It
--
".Jl
•'II 3
-- •
C. ::;
::, !- D

-::- 1
x=

-"'
7
T
:.,
:r
-
C
L =
I& C.
IJ

~
C
1."
!II
...
-,

• • • • • ..
. • - .•
:. ;
:) = •: ••
-
~

$,
,j


=
..
::I
•• ~ C. .. ::
..
.
..
e

-•=
-:
• :=
-:
;
s
:. •
a

~


.. !.
"
--

, , , 10 , ii ,-. _,r,,,. ., lh ,1 1,;, nlDl,.' b .i lulj~_,h Ol 1Jt.1.II \H l U PROBLEM :
, 1- , Lh u n ,J.i• 111 1-, n,p..,rot u, o , 4 , r,,,, luJl1,1 In
, , ':a., ,, ; ,,, .. n a lvn ., J , 111 l lJI . II, -, rl a \l I n Lll,a mplc 4 . 1
~-1 , , 1 L r" -, '- ' '-'s 0 ~, , rr~o l 11 ,n ~Jf~ r 0 1 p 1,11tr1.•,.~ (Du,-.
, n ,.,r h :n1..:i l n 1J l::---.-:, \1,,\ .aiu 11 l,J1 a1. \t1'll unll In ..., pr , 1 e nsl Q11r d co ncr tt t e- b ca m ' JOO ,,., ,.,. ..,,., ,,, 4
_
,~ h p -.."' l &" _, -, l \\ h l-.. ti inn \, .:uu 1 tJ b lur~~, n n1 oun1 JflO mm """P /11 p,,.,1rc, s <' d by f(rolg ht ...,,, , , < 1r r 1 /~~
-.;~-. 11 , ., '", ... ..... .. , -. l , 1, ni...' I p 1v p u 1lv \,. u , ed II lh.J t l-' 1, •
,,,, /n,r/.,/ J u r cr of 1 50 J.: N o r " " ecC"~11 r r dl c •o " " " ,.,m
1-t.. t l '. , 1 1 ~ "'t .., n g~ L' t , ~rnp\l 1o tur ~ b t.1 tw u11 n 1hu 71, ,. mndulu• of ,d asrl cl r1 of s r c,r / a n " ' " ·••I• Qr ,
c!~ I 1._ f\ ) 1..~n • l g u " d fr t.\ 1u,tl 1i.H, lhtJ -:o r rv«.p o nd 1ng lo s s 1 10 und ) 5 4N / mm ' r,:Jpt!cf/ v efy E trl~ n,, 11,,
c, ,.. .J i(,.:, " .-J 10 , I n l h cl U l.'l>l g n / au of 1 ,, ,,.,,, , Ir, Jl t:l! I d ., , 1 , d O Jr l c
p t!r c tt nta g;,
.Jt'jormarlon of canc r tJ tt
l'f ,J.,,
are a of Slf't!I .. , , , . r,
➔ - H ) , , DUE TO El'\ STI C DEFORMATI ON OF
/ ,!II mm'
'--l., NCRETE :
So lu tion
", ,;:i,, ,~,
p .est, -,s, du l.' to .i lastlc d e formollon o f
, ., ,., ::l-1r <' n d:. 0 n t h1J modulor ra ll o o n d tho? ov.-roge p lSO k N
r..- _. r .:-or -.,,.,, .,r t h ~ , ~.. , -.!I o l st e e l
d 300
= 50 m m
• Pre , ,.,u tn conc riJ te ot lh e leve l of ~1,:..,1 6 6
t '.-1 :>".lu u s o f e la s 11c11y o l s t.:eJ 110 0 , 300 ) = 3 ' 10• mm ·
f.1 :c J , , u, o f i' l a s. tl CI I~ o f , oncrot·e ~25 , 10 • mm •

s.
E .,. M oJ u 1.a r r a rl o S. 1I =
IE t,

" " n ~ , , n c.r ere ar rh " J., •, wl o f t r.i e l


\ t SO, 10' \
L 188 J

l. 1 r so • oJ • so .. so1
f \ l rc u , n ' ' " " ' .. '-' l
l 51.) , 1OJ 1 1
11 '' L' ,, t, ,I "''•" • ,,. , t l e ..,j 1~ lt 111J w n r h,· ' ' " " u 1it111Jw I,• \~ I
• • 3 - 10~ - l 22s .. 10" 1
1, , H " ' ''""' ' du 11 10 th ., ,. 111 - lt r' , l , , f., 11, 1n 11, .,1 ,. J
1 , , I,;, 11, 1, r , urn /,, 1,l p d
s ,,~... ,,, C,, n c r f' lf'

I ll • l Lli l
~()C I ·,
1 ifJ • '0

•» 1f , r-' I,, ~ • .t ,r-, f f O 1J M ,u .J ~, p "' n d


t' ' '''' • • ,,J •-• ,...,., ,. • ••f /1f1, .,n ~ mrn
.. • •
1 ~ · .__~ .... ~" /11 ...-.,,~.J ,. < fflM Jro/l
, , __ ••J ,,.,,,, < _., ,. /,; ,
rl tit ,,. hn l tJ m
lot:~ 1,a ;:5 ,nm /ru m ,1,.,
nf 1h r

, "'•• 1•1 tttJ • l f t \# ,-/, , < " '" /11/t lall_.' - 3w .1c J '
t,•nu n n , J rv u -il • YI. "'6
t , 1,.. -1-:i • l: ~
, ,. ,,,, , , . . . ~d ,11 t•h o1f1,,
rran , j,u , allo "'"I " >: fur
•, • ,, .,.., , ,4.,,. Id , l .:HIH' rJ, form otl o n of • o n c:rt'f<'

•~a r,
Mod eler 1111"\ o a., s.
E.
210
31 S -- t, crl

L L' :..'I
I l S , !)!,I • J, L75 1 1
II r, t, I tJt! ,.- m
~,c e n, oge LOJ J of s, ,e...
r,u f" lu
,., I• • l1t 'm11 1
·••I "''' ' __,, ICJ \, • 100
..,()IJ • i ~I' I
I .!
6 25 ''-
~· - 1i<A l 11l \f'.• \'I I i

--
...•

..... .. ... . .....,, ., ,~.


' . _.
I

,. -.... .. ..
.
-"'-'",S

• •• ,JI
_

... ,. •• . ., ... '


""
"... , . . , .. ,. , <1 1• ,n .., til• :
\\ " , , t-k J •~ t, nstonod I
--
""
TN.ti -''' . ,,,,u du•'" •14-l'lh " dJh..,,,..., , 11,

- c:,J • I ' "\


!'I

h ., , ' 11•' ~ •s ol 11r.•:>S -.orulo11n rt~ ~II :hJ 1 , at> "


• • ... , ,-. Jtl " n,,,,• l t:- ~ I\ ..,~
r ,. "' " b .. , "I..:>""1"1.1 1 , t h e n <J ;:,t \-, , r•:. burs ,,,
. , ., .i y .:
htf ,,. . J,N ,..., o l111tllC t h o,t.an1nw C.P IJ .JISC,
but Jo.,, "•" . , ... ,1,1,h l ;:,n11 t ol f .- r the ,1Jrrup. JrJ
, s , .. ,th I'' • ,.,.,,. ,.,nu,~ I .o 1-,~._ .:ii ilr••s

• \\ i'I• " • •tr"" In , ,:,n-r 11t• a l th.i II.'\ .:ii ,,t :ol,.111 Jl!t
ri nu I .ill ,t,., Ill , ,,1 ,.,, r ,, t nll th# .tib les 11mullone11()1.Hl1. 1o1n! lc> r, f ,1
• 11.i I di.I , '" l hoii o1 l• •1t• ' 1 1•11 "'Ll t h 1, pn ,' h.. lPI• t,, the abv\., probl.im
.,,,, ,, f •tr..•~~• ('• '-b , 1 3·.. .,! ~·,1•2 41 N .,..-
J l l, 1 , , U t ~ flH 'S O ll
E l O ~ l. I L (" t S SI \ I·
1 L ',j\ h J1'I I NG OF C' UR V£0 C AO
llS
"' " ,•,._, ,,,r lc u > of j u mm O~ lo""
'I ... ,
I: ) l " '... :, I h \,! \.. .:i t'l ' \.! ~ \ I \ I \ u I \ • ' ~ l \\. 11 1\ r h t. l. L
•11 ,r .,,J.,,/ ,, ,,
llt i! ' . ,,,r r ,,f \ rur, f QII(/
,~ 11 . '"r' ,d t \\, , 1 •h< l.~n t,'-° '-""'I th,
1
<n ,,,,,., u lt J l .rnrr ,u.,
, ,,,.
?11 p1,11 l 11 1u 1· l1 iJ t tl, r H.l f1 p t1r( , ,
1\1• \ 1_.. ~ .,f ,Ir .!, ~ Ju .. , .... tl orn Th, f t'C L• 11J .. o bi " (t
lh.J ,, ,., .,1, d 1. t0 rm <1 ll1111 u l ..l t J 't , ,
H- ltl, • 1..·rv rc" ~r,tr, ,
.-,~," ' , ._. , t,m \I., I t-v , .:,n~ ldi'r1 ''-" t:JI t h , u ppo r l\ .Jn J J n • .. n1r
nq th'- , ,, 4, , 1, • l,._ , q
,,\· 1 11J ~ I/ n, m I, e Ir,.,_ I h r , I! n rr v I J " I ., T ,
..,-, ,11,r <l\ I ~- 1.., .-1 ,, 1
1.1' (\, 1)1,IIJ ;, 1 , I h , •,1n1 ., ,
'> h E , r Im,, r,
/Jt' r ,,tnt ug tt /o q vf 1 /r t u In rod, ,,j th , .:<1ill ,
."'lo, ~r. • :, ,;i .ir ._ \ I. h1,h 1J f'O>
I t .:i n 110 .-w J h v J p,,1 e1b ol '1 tlfL-. \ U c.r,\' i l v, I ,.\
,r ii,,. ,
11.11\ I0 n e J un J .,J r, - 1, r~J
'! bl•u f h ., ,, , ,.,., J 11tfi bu 110n
1n ,onc r-, t.i l\l ih -.! lo v ,•I o l
a t> ;, I 1 1 A l to th0"- 1"1 S o l utio n
In 119 1.1113 "'' h e n c ab\,1 2 I ~
,.,.. , o , • 1 F01 . .;,rno utl ns;a th,c1
Ion ol , tr .in, tho o vl' rag,' Fo 1r11 11' li D ~h Cl!lbl ,
• r .: u , ,h .., ... n ir, 11 9 I i, ~on, .1J,1 p
r0d \'' h -'n th l' cabl e 3 1~
,,.,., , ,u,,e .j tt'li'r li '-' l i t b,1 ~
lou ,u o l i lr e 15 In b oth 3 • l O· m rn :...,
a t:- o? i l ., n j 2 T ~1s IS ,llus 225> , 10~ mm '
tral .i d In t h "' l o ll ow1n g %

c :.tam p.t Wh ,u , c ebl~ l te n s ,c,n,=d d1'd anch


or.id -r•o lo » o f , tr<?H
J u.- , :, ~l.:,~11,: d e form ation of conc
ro? ti! W hen cab\, . ~ 1\
1-. n , 1on.? d a n d 3 n cho r.-id str.?s s
Ii ' the l... \.i l ol C3bli ! \ •

• 24(1 • lO-' ,
Str,1 1, a t ~upp or. ,e,tt o n '"' -3,10
\ --.- 4 - \ "'S 'l mm
L •1

--, --- I
.,, , ,.,., .lt t 'h .:.?nr r .. of ~pen

\
f ,::'~O , 1oJ1, 50 , :.,O 1
I 225 . 10~ I
• 1 ~ 10 ~ I\ mm·
e II , •

-\v.i 1c.1~~ str~~!. In co nct ~I,.,


L, unp h 4 4
:c 8 + \'2. 3) , '2 7 = C\ 8 N/mm-
l pu I t - l ll llf lu,. 11d ~ u n c
rtill b 11 u ,n , / UIJ HI nt h • /d 11 IHI L,,,, 01 ,,,~.3 In c3bl e l .,. 1ti , Q 8\ = S8 8 N mm
100 '""' a,ep , ,p.,.,,,,,, ,,.,o , II} n, I\ l /r d1u J,, \\' hl.'11 " ,bl.- 3 I) 111n slon ,•d
a nd an c ho red ~lr ~s,
' "' "'\J / "11 tuHJ vn/1 11 ,u,d iJn c llu r ln r o/
I • ub/11,, I , J dl1.t 1lbu tlan nt the le vol of cl\bl.
,u, J J r 11tp1 1r,/.,1 1I ,-. Tlt 11 , f
UH urt l11nw l ur , u 11/ • • cit
.i lan d cobl e 2 ond !he
,, v.i rt'l tl ~ • tr"~~~
~' ~nd
u th..- l 0u .:if s t u !,~ 1s obto lned
, "' b it " J OO" ''" ' u nd Ifie 1,.1,l 11,
ul Ur11 H In t h • • ahlt I, , .. 110\\ ~
q
lJ fl... - '2. ,.
r~ tH L /:>-,.,,,t ,.,\ t •.11'\Ct i!\ll '!le<:\101"1 -
l 120 mrr,
Lu ■■■ ■ o l Pro•tr ••• R11d1 u, ot !JYra !lon II ...
I n l o f orl.lll
\. • · ' • I
~ 1202) -=-
.. 1.r' j,ta,..,1, 1
-'""-fT.T '
• •k• • ...,,. l
I .... '"' I
I 1.11.1• - ' " ,..,1,
'-ulo nd mom •
' I ~ I 2 ,. l 0
4
I( r,'ll,

'
...
I

I Pr,• 1lr!l~t lng fo r c.r P "'


( 1200 J( 100 1
and anc h o r. -1
I',• t,

"1 • I
,- :-;;r
...
~'~'µ
1. • I
·1
I W l 111 n c11bl e 't Is rit n • lo n:d
J11 val vi coble 1 Is g ive n Y

I
I n 1..or,cr • I C

• l·- f
\
• - !l'-l .. -
4 12 • l OJ,.
100 ~ 100
I ,:,
.. . . '
I I 12 • 10
I 2 • 10

10 t N mm- ct
., 1..
288 . 10
6

ce n1r11I se cti on a n d I j N 111~

~ '•• •U•11• I••• • I •h•••

--· •••
4

0'
~ ~
_I 0 1 .i, nd

Aver11911 stress I n concre te


,e c11on

i2 3 1 -.: 8 -+l
- 11 8 T - ;' ➔ "' mrn-
t ••mp l 5
- •6 -... 7 41 = ~➔ 4 N mm
L o., o f ~•r otss I n co b le? 1 - '
., ,..,_J ► , ,.,,.,ru J c • ncrrfl! b,.,,,.
of unlfi,rm " " " '"' /,
RETE :
LOSS DU E To SH R INKA G E Of CONC
1
p.,11 • ,,,.~1•.1 u.:I II> "'""'u of ,..,o c gb/1!, , bu rl, .,J 11•/,/cl,
.,.,, ,, "~ ••. ,.,r,c/f > •/ 1()0 mm f>,3 / ow fh t! •· ,nr,01.J u/ Tho! ,h , ,nkog.i o I con ... - r e te I n pres!rc uscd m embers rl!su11,
lfr .,nJ
, .,, ,, ,,.,. ., ,..,d - Sf'"" Tlt t1 fln r c 11b/t1 If purobu
,1,., ~ ~
,n er , h ort .. nln!:! o l ~n•lo ned wt1c • and henc11 co ntribute
,, ., ,. ,1,0 ,,J . , "" , , .· ,trrtrlcl ty oj J OO mm .,b ,11•11 '
o l s rrcns The s h n nl-ag e o f .:oncre te ,,
,.,,.,,.,,,,J .,, ,ar>t l!1td Th, 1econd t:olJII! 1, 1/ru/~ l,1 "nJ
10 rh.- 1,,,,

, n llu.rn..,;1 d b~ 1h11 l ~p.r o( ce m e n t .:ind aggr~g at1:s on.


l' ~ ':J/lr l ,,, tlrr /Utt! Jollfl1tl th , , ,.pport1 If th , , r,n •
to ,:/, Cfl /11, I, JOO mm', lh l' , " "' ,,111 th,• m,!l hod ol , u rl n g us.i d Use o f hl.gh-s trongtt ) concr111
,, ,,.,,,,, / •rr11 ,./ on 1
"11 1, fo1, ,,01 ,H c,.men r r11tlo1 res ult s In a 1oducll
~,.J,., ""' ., 111c1/on o / 11 , ,11 of ] • J (I' mm' unJ " r uJJu ,
,1., 1nko1,1• ond c onuq u ent lou o f pra1tr e1t T he prlmor,,
, -'· ' " "' • " 11/ I Jtl "'"'· C ulcu/111,, tit, l(,.J of , 1, 11 •> In progro nl v& lo,s o l u.11\t•
, 011,~ , ,, JI'\ 1nq ,hrlnka g\1' I t tho
' "• /1ri1 , • • , , ...1t,,, l lt e 1,ro1ttl 1, n ,lvr,,d
t u u ,,,,,,, ,1/
11 nm .:-.-,n , ,. ,_. fh oe r&l t> o f sh rlnkng c, Is hlg hor 01 1h•
I .'(}II \ ,,.,,.; , Tullr tlt r m11dulo r r u t lu •lf II a11d 11,•11l,1, f
, udo ..... ,, , l,H(J,' m1? mbt1rs ma v 1esu l1s 1n ,11a1n g red 10 r•
1,, s udn c-.i crad,IO !ij . H t, n c ..:i , prope r cur ing ,
l, ,\Ll1111,1
.., ,tu,,.,,, .iu.inll al ,~, p11n ont ~hrink ag• cree ks ,n rr.aatre ,sa
,,
,.,.,,,,1,,
4 1
•, dn., .rnh"-•r , ,i1.1'-:J 1o( J, 111 \\ I I 4 I I
, _ ,.._., 1i!l"-" :t "
1
" '''-'h, t h d ,_. I i ..., , ..., ,, 1 t,, p1\..\ d 111 11 h 11i,11,H1, 1 1111tl

l .., , .. , . , \.. 2 l\ t...' tl \t~ , , ,1 \. lh\. l \..• I , 1 1 1' 1,111 , I


1
t-,,., 111 f'I Uf 1,,_• 1q 1,,,.qHlli n1 ,• 1111.), r , f ( " '' '" r , , ,. hl'u1t1 , , ,.,.,, ,,.,1,eJ t, 1 u ublt l "'' ' ' 1n .4 n
o,d J'-' 1' :.) If • "' II lt\ 1 '-Jt..
,if I U tt I.,\ (h r, , .,( L 1 , ,., 1,,1/
1 1111, 10 1 p r , , t r 6~t l rtJ( (o r ,
.:, •111parl1 o r, w llh f'c• 1 4 1
l I. " '"'• •'' ' _.,. , , . , , , "'
,1,., , ,. ,,.,, In th , 1 ah / , I J(I I ..,..,.,, .
t. wlc &.1 l1i1.,. rlt,
'\ p
•\,1 •"nc ,,_,_. .,1, ~, h-:r~ a l -..hn11~a~ •~ \V III '""'"'°" or , u u/
1, 1 tr~_i, In 1 h , , --' t,1, o n/ 1, Jw , / , ,
~ a ll •~ e. ..::.i
of
(.,!l'"'
'°"' -A\.. <t; b\,. th'- (jr'f"\J ~) J 11 .., n 1 fl!1 !JI 1, ., ••
1 r• e r, r1 11 u11, I
,.,J -..·o ,, c r~t , u J /ni IS J J J 4 ,,,. .. ~ mrn t ndu1 I ' "
Jo 11n n -.. , J, rJn iuJ IJ I
;'~ . t'hJ l b-.-&'""' ""-''H"1!11._i111?1c-J 111 t h 1. r'- c on,rr1\!n
" "' urttlr,!f rit e b ~ o ,.. to b•
,, I, r ,-. , '••.;!, _.,,
11 .:l n d ,Hd ,,, J -, f l!:, I 1•1 \I lo , 11, o
conu,••• ,nd Pr , - , ,,n , l tt nied urid
l.d, ,,t p,, ••r,n • .:! 1.1,, I.:> th ~ , hr l nl.,,g._. o l
.1

,. .J ..- ait,J b , ~-.. b l'n 11- , ~n, l o 11,u

, ol I , \ " nt ,,. E - 1 J 4: '\ '",.,, n J a , ~ oj , , • ,, '- r ,~/ ,~ '-' f


Iv 1!1 1 '"•1d1..a l , h11 nko9e ' ''" ' " h ovlnq v ,,lv -.,
f.J i.,

''""'/ ~r • V Jo_► ,

lL0 , !O• for p r e• .. n s 1on,n9 and 200 . 10 ° -, !>olu•lo n


1 loa,ul l ~ '.?)
3\X• • IL
3(( 1 \ 000 r...; , -
IA "t1re • = '39 ~ o concre •c c, 1 •rans ler 1n day
,.,. $ .a,.J.: t'T"a.,. b e 1r1 cre-o , 1.-d b y s o•., I I\ d , v II •t-"" t ~.:H T ,~ p, ... ~ ~r'I-S on~ l 1 h t: •..:•~ I , ., . ,
.l, ..,o•p~c •,c c:> nd 111o n1 11.1 bJe c 11 •o" r,u, ~1m um v" '" " , h nl<n J~ '1ro,,-, - 300 , 10- -'" IS
_, • J(Y' IJ ur11 .110 \\.. \ - ,:,_\ . ., -n
L'-'la ~t l llti? l-'1 • J(l , lQ- 11

T~, .. l-:,1 , .:>I tireu ,n s l ei! I du e •o •Ii,• 1 hr111 k1:1n,· v i


c_,r, . , .. ,., ,, eu mated .,, Hll.\J I C I"\ )

• E._. ,, E.1
,,1 .,..,.,1 l t ' h -.'! l-..: ,m 1a. p .. h .. n:. 1~ n\,.:d th\: I ota\ ,.,,, ju'"' '
•1.h ,u., L , - M.,du lu1 c.1 ehu 1, t. 11 y
, ~ 1 1nW \ J1;: . , , \ 1f'

r11 Bri 11,h o d e , ecc.. mm.,,.d ed l o , ol 11il ,l.au v 11,du d ..,


I
-=''1" rtJr r'?\'lllntel t ,•-, m l dtf/ 01 • f a c. 1w r T l 1w •~ • ,,rnrn '-' 1111" ·'"-' • \\.! • \
• ~00 '- ll)-• Hn ll-
r e1,,J., •i , t- ronlu, oe llt!ll ln I• ·1flt'l ,. 1/J ., !,,, " " ' 11 11,I ,, 11J [ k •J 1,,l~ • 21
1f " J • I fl for humid 1.o ndl 11 (J r ,1 Iv , p, .. . .. .. . .... o1, 1u """
I ,,,.'" •••-'" - l 2 l)l''- \ t'\ ~ 1, 2 111 , lu-' 1- '-1..! N m m
1)(1 J O • f ,:, r n c, ro nti l and 7 (J ; J(l 1' I ,., l11 11n1d
J11,l 111c,ns l o , µna l t11ro1 l o r,ad A , .- lo ll v ,• l111111ldl11,• 11 1
'fl,, ,. co ru1dere d 111 norml'il w hll,-" rv ln ll• ,, l 1111ro 1,l11 \
.,f t.J(l'll, la cnn •IJ•r11d •• 1,urn l d
. ' )

CO N C'fU: ff , ..

I 1, ,._.., f l ~ 10 Clf tfP Ot-


J • 1--i ,J f)o ii

I 011 o ( 1 1r.i1 1 In ,i.,e l

ep co<> lltt ,e.,,


l he rn11 on 11ud " o f r he e r e
con crer a qu,. 11
i.l1Jp11nd lnq upo n rhe hum ldllY " o l 11,,. n~re •e
h
.:, ppll c d lo11d rn9 ,,nd I •
aO
ol
1,,,. d•d c 'to
end eu lo, '
o rn m
I he ge n e ,11 1 ~11l u e, rec 1 1
J k,,
Me tl, o d l 5 f or w a tery ,,t J -ir ""'I ,.. - ,

L 111 ,.Jtl ' Cr., t6p Stl" Oln coe lf lcle n r v ery (ro m
e h um id ity :,I J - (:.~•: , ,1
dr, L0 nd l 11on •.vll h a rel1111v
r al con cret e •~cnl'T\.,..tn,h
love ! o f Th.! Brlll ~h co de f or stru ctu
~ ....,r,eu1vo1 Hri! n In o:on cr ,;i I .-i 11 1 Ih1.1
cree p , 1u11n of 48 • 1•,- lo, p,.
• l i!oi
de•• o n v elue o l ulll m ete 1 tt
for p ost - l en 1 on ,r • Tht
1en 11 on In g 11 nd 36 " 1 0 -• ,o" ,I ,~,t
f Slee t In Inve r se pro pl r1
- ' 1 ='- '-' u! .:II 0 l 1bf1C 1t y o va lues hav e 10 be 1nc reau 1d 'liar,
h ot con cret e ai t ran sler 1, le11
'"'" •: .. , o atra 11 In Hi!e Id ue ro c r•e p ol co ncr e te com pres siv e ,1re ng1

4 U N mm ·
" E
d
Crc ,p C o , ffJ c len t M eth o
- '- •~::> Coo1 r,,,. nr '""' " '"'
I ,·a ,ure re beo, n uf r,c ran gula r .1rc rl o n , I QO
""J IOU n11n J et!p, /, pr es t r e: ,s,,1 6 1· fi ve ,. ,,u
u/ 1 ..,.,
- Cr.t -p • train la1
, "rrl cltJ of JO '""' • Th i lnl1
J lu1n e1u t ,u ated ar an rcc 1h11 loJ,
"' E..asflc u r111 n OO \ l m,n '. Bs1 /1na 111
, , ,,. • ,,. rit e "tre be,n s I J
', - M-~ --•• r ra1 o l du , 10 crc •p of c o n ,·ro ta u s /nil rh,
u/ ,1ri1 1J .,, irer
rit e! c rrrp i:oe fllc/ 1n1
S·,1 , , orc , w1~ u/11,,,.,,,. , ' ' "P <1n1 1n m nltod and
J l sc 11, r fo l/o ..d n8 doto ,
rr1N lt 11J f l 'i / JJ ~ - / O{JO
t ,., '.J 'JI o / e l a!I I Cll y c, / 1..0 11, , OI i.i
-.,.1I u l'l ll ll
l•I Jd ,t,.., a l t1 l e111 c I1,, o l , rt'tl
L, .. .: ll) 1- N mm J
mm i
~ - f:. I
1'°\ 11N
• wp
\ ~ -.. l l)" n11 n •

♦ 111..:1 I'
•'
<I 11
I ' A I · I I I-' rr,rn 1 p '.! 1 Jr• .- t .!110, ..: -.11 , , r 1

- t• J II r1
U, 1."'l(C, 1., I' ,1 un
11 -. \ 1I •,rm""" 1' tJ • N 11)1 11· ~ 11, ' ' ' " ' r, 111 l l lhw lli!Vt' I ·,I 11,it! I

••P, •'' "' t f \ ,.


.,11 .. a11 1, ~v 1..,r .. tt, , , ,h.., \~\ • \ , ,f "'""I tn •JI V\. 0 1
~' '-' Al I.J.µput l 'Jt:1 ' •'JI
I 2•l0 {j,J<J
iO 000

~ 1n .: N 1nin ·

l lllmo 1, Lrci'p .Siru ln /'lle11/luJ ~40 coo 2-1 l J • ':ILJ "l' \


30 0, ~,"!S • l n

~ \-l l , 1()·• 11 1r1 2 Ji 2 10 -.. 10'i


rl~ N mm 1
J C.-.,,, C o ~/fktcnr ,.h,hod

I E
• l l 6 • 10 .! • bl
97 92 1'1,mm · -1 t, l l.J '-S Cl lif T O REL.\\ATION Of S"TRESS IN
'iTEH ·
f -..am ple 4 II
11,, , e1r 1o u, l;.\dOr'll ,-1,kh 1n llu 1tnc,1 1h,. fl hC num..- n on u l
~ pu<1 - t•rulo fl 11J ,.,,. , , ,,, ,, l>•• m of r t' <1ur11,11, / ,,r ,111 , 1, , ,11 \ 1..: , \ ' ,., .. t. , u, h t\ '-\... b ,• . _ " d,""cu,,~~1 11 ~c:.th,n
.. ~lo~, 1..1\

/IJIJ ,,.., .., Jd1 urul JO(/ ,,. ,,. utl« p . h , 11,n ,, ,J fi r u th, , ,,d,, \'1 ,'\1,I, 1,, , \hi.. \,:,,. ot ,1 1<?~, Juu 1,, r" \-.1 •£1 t1 on
,,,,,.,,11, ,otJI, ,-, /1J, , .,,, •c,, ntrh //y '" 1/, r ' "fl('"''' ,,1 \-. .! I ,, .., P •' •<'-i n 1.:io1. o l th .i ,n1t 1;,,I ~, ,., ~, In , 1~e< I Th,,
" " " i.J'1 fl <C t '1 trltltv 1J/ f O '""' ul tht1 , ,rnlrt' o/ 'I'"" I/" l, ,, \\ 1111 ~ \(\oh\ l\1..:I codi' I\J( ( Hll!Tl;il)d ~ (\ ' ahH' v,\f ',11 1"1'1 1, urn
" ' "' ,,f 1h 1 , ab/, ] ()() ,,. ,.,,,, " "" lnl tlul , ,, ,.,. In 1h t1 , ., 1, /, ,• h I q \l N ,, 1m ..! to , :, I r "-' ~ , \" "'-' H '- v n P . \ n ,, I r u 1T,
11 IJ()I) , , ,,.,,, , If Iii • ., /1/,r,u/rt , ' ""11 , ,r ., 111 /, \I' · 1, l,' \ 1 ~ 1.. n-..,
lou o l pli!~IIIIO du .. I ..:> 1,i\(\>\ll\10 11
1(1,JU • ,..,n,1,,,,.. f)tlf ,' \tlm m ' u j H t1• I ., ,,/,• '111 11 111 , ' '"I' ,, 1 ,1,i.•\ .., ,,,111m .:r ndi'd 1n Or llls h t1n, I \nd 1n 1• i... ,, 1_., 1,
,•f \ ~ rtt r , (, . , 11 11111\1.i J In l e1bl \? l ..:rn \.H.HlltV ._,v"' 1-it1.i ssln u b v ', lO
11J1, 1rnt 1.:i , ,, 1-i.1110d ,,I :;: min I~ ?>a m.: \lm l!S UblZ d t o
, ,,,\ 11 1 I) I hi ~ 10~" d b t n \h(' d l Hl o l J, e w n wire~
,, .
,-;,
• ,,..,4
~tf'
..... . ,,.,,
• · . ,,,,..... ,.
,,.,,,.6! •. 1•
... .

. .. ~.=--- ---
44''- b
• •~ • • •• J ·• - - 2 1 ,_.!;,

---- --- I 1
..
I •

• .. •u j
. ,f


• •
tA
• ,-, ..
.o~ r
,,..j ~
- • w

--- --- --
,-. \I ..s t<f_ 1 1 ,.. J •
I (' la , 11 r
~ --l l rte e,~
d

ir::, .r••
' " ' " ,.~ ":.r r- r-4.2 lllf
4 rk d r

-- I : ;..('' •. . ·- a
ll C

pn :~., - tr ~ --- • ~: -: . - , ,... :


.':f '• ~-1 arc -•-: :. ... · •"tt
~,.:
- :i --:! " ...
T - ~ • c., '• : *,. r - .a be t ~ : _ • ~: ., ::e
~~'l r,"= e ,...,,. ~2r ..," __ ; u
air~ e I . - .
-.,_ •4 e
1 ... .:. ~: z

.:-••
.s. p ......, -,i,
e: ~ , 1·c . ~
i,
• e t·
f -'T _ e -• .ar g • - ,,J ar • •hr ouJ
., t" l!lf
j._ r;, .. <:T~-•
i •W - ..
•r ;~ r ...,t, ,,
• .a~ 1.- µ f 1 'c. ta, ,,..,, ~
ri ·"' - . ~ l•
1,r co rtj er - .,, .. , _ ,._ JI!.

.. t .,,, .. '
i:» a•
J '•'c. .. , ► ,. 'j

·. •n ~' • .-Je •d :-:. d• ,.C C'[ "'l' il .?I ~1! al

~.
••t. ~m r,;, .rdo
. . . ,., I-
!Iii I II .., ,J .~ n.J• •IT'• r •• •• <r e •-
~ e,. a e •
, , roe If ,., I' I , ..
' Ir Cl
.. i, ..
1 • 1!4t , ,, ,n,
j
" , f'

..,,, ....
'•, IT' • ng
-~ r, ,re1 1' f I •

n ,,.,. , f
I' j ,,, I,

,..
• I

"'"
lh • I l1 01'1 ' lut, 11( • n
t' t- ..
\ :)

arm en o t.'
~ 'I r;e ,.- f' 0,..,

, ,.,. , •
... •

::
• lltl \ (j I I ·ef • Q-_ pe r pr i!.,' -!
u• "", in 1011n '.1 1 g11;11 "flO r• la ot.a h" •••'
••• ,r,g r ••• l -'
- 4 H
11\ .: \.,, t hu l . 1 ~ lth.h111 t '-tt f1 l ltl1,n l1 i\ V 1.. h l r,d11nQ th@ 1endo n • fr o m b o lh enJ " ' •'
'. 1.ii ""' r . \1.."'11'"• L.lnd L '-... ,ll-, v 1 h .11 d llh11,~111 I Vp ftdl
r1v11.- ro l ly odo p l .id w hen th Q' u,ndo•-•~ "
I •r
.1 J , •.,, ., ,&
,1 1 n1 n-.i ,\. s 1..,, n, w h 11n 1he ongl•• o f be nd ing o ro 1'" 4
rt 1 , , ,, -. ""~••• ,,-,111.al \A.Urk th -.J l ' t\Ul f11ti1 ti•• i l L •llh_tlJ l u
,, \11 ,,-. r 11\\Jtld~ J "" , l1h.:\nlut.1 fo , lh \.t l \ 11 \ 0 11,r+..• '-•nip l .- . j IJ
v ,.t 1 ~ ~ 11 , 1, f h id , • • rn1t 1u n t -"1 v ,, 1 1h,.,
I t , , , ,1 r r f l! b~u rr, 1Jj J () m YP "" • J OO '"'"
- IJi " "''1
: l , \.. 1'-1-.;:h. l n ,1 ll h.tl'-' L-. 1 d t1 1 "' ' o nd l ht· " •' i n,, '""' d,ep , 1, p re:11,,, . ,d by J c ab/.-, n,, ·"'J
', Ji .. h.,t..\ tv, ~tll h.Hal u i 1..
0 11 •
,,,
,.,1</i ,.,1, 1., 1, ]00 ,.. ,.. ,· a nd rhe / n/r/a l 1
,,, th,

1,. ,..,, ,
, ., , ., l\. .il !or rt,,, il l ~ liu" dv,v l n p w it h ,.,.,.,,.,,J "' ,1, ,, uppo r l• und $ 0 mm b e / o..., Jt ·>-r , ,,,,,,
J f --.. . ,•I l-81"\ d.:>11 onJ Jut.. \ !lho ult..J UtJl"\\.1
t"I ~1 ..1 r .._ _ ~ .. T t ,., rnanulat i 1,,. l u r.a• ,--, ( t h -:a 1rndon1
11.,. ll\ ••/ , pan C u/J I , l I, ul>o poru b o l/C' wllh l•' •'
' ',,,,,,,1,y
" ' , uppo,11 " "d .50 rrun b,faw th e centro id"' t>,
~ rlcllon Co_- ~ lf lcl ant fo r Poet -t e n a l onl n o
c,,.,,.,
Tondo ,, ., vf 'P"" C u b ie I /J Jltrr, lg h r ..,/th unifo rm ,c,,-,i,1
c11> OJ
Curve Cu r<! W obb l e
J U '"'" bclu,.• ,1,.,
Ct' ntr o ld. I f rht! cobl,• "" ft•H/o,, ,d
fro m u n , rnd o n /1. •11dmof i! rlrt! pC'rct!n la g, Jo.,
c:o -efflc l 11n t c o - ■ ffl c l en l 11{ Jtr,11
,,, .-u c h C' abl r du, ru f rl c rlon . t'l.f~ um i! m - cl.
µ k/ m I~ ""d

.t ..,
•d
,J •
' "',....._
s 0
n

'.l . n1
.. ~
.,, ... t
••frl
" :ii
0 15 - 0 25 0 0033 - 0 00,1'1
4 • U 00 I ( p,, ~

',o lu llon

re ...., ;r 1•1 ..1 ng , ,.., U IS-02 5


E1.1..,a1 ,c, n ol .,, paro bola lS give n bl,
0 00 16 - 0 UOof.
0 08 - 0 30 O Ou03 - o uo •n - I ~ ..? L' I ' IL - '
J ' , ,, '<!J !.l r,-,;1111 d~ dx 14 c L-l ,L -2 ,1
.. • 0 J 015- 025 OOll7
/J 14 o! L
t UI \. ~ti,'--~ l

•·
J

__.,...
' I I,.. \ . , j , \A,,d tl

J lt1r Jr-Jr a. .. u
) 0 Of, - CJ J 5 U 003 i 0 \11 l hh
-..1.:, ~,1 "' ,rnd -
-I ' 10
l 10" \ 00
1 - 0 0 '1
l j ll 1 .,. '- H fit
I
(2 , 0 04\
1 r.,
, 1_ IJ I I ~ ti Jr, (J (JI I I ll Ulll >II 0 08 rndl.i.n,
,, "<ll 1, . . , •~• i r, I., r\:rllJLl d uy HVl r 11l r,11 <1 11,., J, ,11 h

ll irr I ' " •11,1r, 11 lli w l1,111cl1111 • IJ y un .. ,.,,111111


-1,l\.) ]
• '" ma ► lm1Jr 11 f rl< tl ,,r,nl 1,111
1 q11 , ,I 1 10, \00 • 0 02
t ttH I
, ., ~ 11, I .,,J 1i.-\. <'...t ' l r..i 11q"- n t , 11 1~· , ll ( 1:.! I '-,c, I u ll u n
( l 11 ,l ; 1.l i n ,,.
1 11 .. l l ir. ll.-- r\\ 1 .f l ri ctt •J n t o r cu r a l uri.? I fee t II "
t '
I l '

I .! I )\ I l '..' 11\ 1'


r:r1r11 .. 11 , J-, fll ci. l"t fur ' ,...,,11,41 ~, , .,., - 17 1(1 \
I'
I I 11 ,.,d lu s o f t he c lr c u l &r c e bl• , her,
I~ 0 l <,1 - .J' - R 1 wh r h ~'""°' R
" - 4 n

II ,, a"glc be tu.ee n 1he hor,tonral .!Ind lho> , ,r.g\. n1


d 1own ro the cab l e 1uppor1 , ,.,t! n
p .. p . - ·'-"
Jlfl I.J.. a 5 84 )
"'0 06 rad ian,
I• .a l ' ,:, -~-'~· ~l U ~ k,l. \4~ C(\ 11 \,lrr,l' lf , •
•umulo!'l l 1vo> angle bet ... een oang ents 10 " " <:<>bl-, .,, oh;,
,-uppo rl;,,
p I 0 J <, " I) 0~ + () 0 1I I 5 • l OI 2 • 0 06 1 = 0 12 rad18' n,
- 0 O~ J p G 1'"','n
p O 35 " 0 0 -1 + 0 00 J 5 w l ( 11 P, ~tr c•• ~, he .1n1a c .. ed end S4 0 '-l mm ·
c ,1 o~..:i P.
p 1n1f1 D I " re ~:s .!II n.. j.!1c'..1ng .-nd
.:at1" • p O .. 0 0 0 15 • 10 ) - 0 0 4 3 p
p r, I 1 - 10 b "'\ l 2' 0 00.3 10\ & 0 q 9'.) p
p " 11 111 ~ireu = I 200 N , mn ,.
c-.;ti f. N~ ~o•~ . , ~, .... N mm 1 Lp .,~ • n.;;-o • l u u p
~
0 8QB
~ \.),
O SQB J • 9 4 0 N mm
~,I fJ •l l
Q➔O - 8-lO - 100 N m m
2 1 I;
I
13 0
l.
t',.a a,pl e , 10

f po, r ,,,. ' " ' "' " t.u 11 t. r11 t , &11u m , ) ()Q mm II l ,J1 u nd J 10
'"'" d •,p. '1 p,,.,,,,~,,,d b► u ._- l r c ulu r ,~u bl ,..t 110 ,ul u rt' t.J
- 'lf10 M'" 2) Mr Ult c • r o eu ,111rlc f l)J 111 fh t' , . ,..,, u n,J J fl (I t t.Jl,.,. J r ..,.,I t,,t.•~h .,.C' f 4' t~n k , J (l ,.., L 'l.f • rng/ d 1..t n 1• t • r I\

""'" ut Ote T'1• ' P"" u/ th , 1,.,.,,.-, I, IU rn


c, ,.,,., r,,,. 11• • • ,,,.,,,,.,, ,s•J .t,c-.,,..J.,,.,,.,1.,1 b,• "" c on, o f a hllfk
r oli l# " 111 6, ,trt'tJ 1iJ /ru m r, n # ,, ,, d "' r IJ rl, dt ,,,, lnlt J~I •"•" !l'"' >rflttl .., , , ., ( £, - l l lJ /,. V ,..,.. _;i 1 ) " •• k • d <>I J
,,, ., ,.. ~/ ~,10 'V/ mM } I, a vt1llub l tt In urr}t1, l< tt tl ttrrJ ,1,,, pff ln u, ill) J.,g, ,.,, .. I'"'' I'( ,,.., .,,.,,,..,.'" :urot!H ,,. r h 11
/,n.,;,J/,,, ,,/y •ft , , 111«: 1to r ln11 IJ f1 t 11 , wilr• • tlott " " " f / ¥1 n •lr tt, '""' '"" "" • ••'.••QJ)• r t••ulo11l11.v 13 t n b • tJ rlQ ,, m,nl
1/6• .,. ,,.,, fl t tlttt Jocl•l"M " "" f/,. .J ,1.,, ,.,,,, ,,,.,.,.II" /,, n ,1/ " " " ' "" ,'fll• ittf flci•,rt u f frl,; t/on h 0.5 c afc&1lu t tt.
, trttr • ,1,. ., ,. Jrl<tfo ,.
------ --- --- ----
.r

1
• .J
r.
I
I
r.. D T": I
(:'I r
....,.
1
II.

• I
I~
-c
D

L
.. tJ
!
0 1- .1
> j
'l r &
2
n =
A
3
3
:c
0 .J..
a
• I

~
L

C)
3 .L. 0
t
£.0 r.J T
m • :
°'8 •I
-
Ion
r- •
"'t' 0 ,. l.J

l
D
0
C,
L 2
3
3
3
3 .

= (Tj r

T.I 3 rIt
CJ :,
0. 'O
IO C
C 0
C.
J
3 ~
0 3
I) 'O I)

v
Iii
0
:, ...
C:
Ill 7
D D r, a. ...
"n " I)

- ..
C. tj
..,. 0
lit r.
CJ
3 0 "'
0 0 3 3 0 0 ii
3
"O
. . ..
E '
ft •
-:r

z
...
~

Ill

7
3
3 1
I

'O

- - --
I.

.. r

.,
II
~
..
ii
• " 'It
• •
~

~

.. ""It .
' ..
.....
I •
...
-
ti
"., • "•
0,

•..
II

• ..•..
,.
"· ., ~
0
... "'
ti
'LC : 1~ tl
I
'I.
loi
" .
"
.... ,..,, - ~
., ,,
II
I
. ...
-!. ...
..,
--
,~
... 1 •

.,
~I~
~
0
C,
-- I., Ii.I ' p
"..
'\
'
..
... L • ~
-;

\

• ~
I "" .. "- .. ..
~

•..,. ~ ,,
.. D
,,
T

•.
~ :,
-
.. '
D ~ ~

""
"....
I

-..
l l., ~

::-
I:
,i..
~

..
~1-..
~ _
3
3
z ~

'!.
'ti

!l


" •
':'
0

'- ~
=
~

-:
•....
..
~

T
"
".. i..
=- .,
~ r- ~rr
I • 6:.
"
..P
~
-

I~,
1~~•1
I
I

,.

.
l
II ,1

..
It
.,• ..'
'\
'! Ill.

. • •'.. "..- •
~
g ,.,,. t
~

I
,,
Iii
- .. , ' . ...
C.

"" .... ,. q It
It
• e '
......
Cl
I •....• - •
...' , t
.. l .. "' •"'v
~
,. f ; • J ~
"
.. ..
,1

,, , ..
I)
'I. ,., .._ • • I
I- ~
'-
~

g .r •.. -r:: I!
~ ..' '\
0 ' ~
.; II'

'
'ti
" t.
"" ....
~

..a
-
l II
ll'
: ii
I
.. '-
1
" '
.. ,. I "
"
l!

' I


'
.
' '
"Iii
o!! It
.,.. "
It •
C,

•"'
4 I

I rc,i '" \h.;i C~b\Q LQTH~•ront\11'11) \ o \nl'I , \\~


.-- --
1 lltlllC 1h 0 1l;,ning
.::' l~~ ~I ) ,11nd bending of
lll , h\),_1 4
L0f1("1e l e
I f,
- ,I , u '\ I
7
I
t C, •• P ,,,~.,~•~'- - - - -+-_;,;~-----t--- l
In •1 -
[ to tal i 25
I · , I/' J ~it ICl fr ,dlon a i 5 u med th!I ' i" -rpc.r arv
It 15
I n l t, e n r .co rn m e n d a tio n1 du c e , el a x .!I IIL., 0'""!J •
o,) I .. 0 I - J6t>OO N C, Jb b kN OJiH,IIC!~S lng ,~ done 10 re 1
t•on and llnch o rage o\,t'
co mpen.. at.i ror rrlc
f •J ~ ,1 01 lor ~oi! ju• lo l r lc (lo n lrnd s ll p
II
Ir;- o • 3- 8 ~ "'cl 4 kN
d lec11 ... e streu in tendons efter lou,n
f " t ·,rc~ ,~ '"'L c.)bfe • 16 00 - 74 4) 52$ 6 kN
_. , tr ,hS ,n te ndon, at trans lllr
74 4
c;-- ... JOO - 12 ..J •~. , - raduct ion fac tor /or l oss of prestri'U
600 1

.. 4 TO T~ L LOSS ES A LLOWED FO R IN DES IG N . I ,


11 '1 -
,~
f
' , ~ ,. paci cc prus ire¥e...d con, r1.11111
In I t Ii! d u lgn o f l o
n.- .... t , ,r I l e> . , . w l'fl f th ,,r to tal lou or ~,, .. ,,. ,a u
/J.:, r.:11• c l t~•• tr•lll a l 1 1rlk!u ~nd ~rov ld ij Iv , ih t, 1n fh1.. , ,,lu~ . _, r ,, ,, l) ~ nc rolll., taken a) 0 75 lo,
'•• l11,, ,1 n ' , m r, ut11 11·,n ':>trtcie 11 11.1 ln o , ,I p 1.i~ t11•"'
1ir.!t, n,1on 1n1J .:md O 80 for post -t.in,t oned m e mbirs
' "• h ,r, k"' ' ur1I f 41c t r.ir1 ~u c h ,., lh., 1irop11 1t l,·~ u l
' , ,, · 1, d< d , ,, , 1 m ethod 111 u , 111u. u"'U' "'" ., , 1iruM l1 , ~, \ 1 , ,h.lslJll\ , l •~ l'l tmcn t o f t h'1! l08~8S In p rc ! lnn~ d u~
' J I 1•., r r • tl11..i rJ r ,f l,J I le •ol r ll II I 11 U, I I I•• d 11 11 l II I l I,, 1, -,.:~~- ,h11 n~l'l0'1 ond r11l ai- o llon ,~ prenn111d b\
' l" ~• , 1,1 ,1 1h11 .r,111r 1 11 m r; urtl <JI ti,.- 10 11'1 Jr,., ,.f f11 11 ~ ii l' O N ,,- tl l11 '' b\ (1..,ns ld \!d ng Iha vl\r lou, Influenc ing
11, ,,_., , , • t , f'l <..11 .:ilvt, u f 11,.i l o!11l l11ou• ,,I ,11,i•~ t ht1 l 1,u1., 111,.i t.in , u 1.. h (\> the modul nr rn t l o creap cowrflcl,,nt
, I JI I" ' . r, u rr 1,, , .,r1 und 1n nw1 n1 11 I r r;11d l f l1 ,11~ ,.J u •, 1,l, LI i 111l1n ,t ,, tlm<l , u ltlmO l tJ s hd nkage n1 l0 11 0 11 0 11
1•, , •rn m1Jnd., J hy I I,, 11 a rtil ou t lln,1cJ 1.,.,1.,w t1 1,•l ll , knt inllll.'11 ~,, e st ln con c r<! tu ot the la vel ol
t - l1'l f t . . . . . . . . .
, , , ,.Hh._q, ' "'-
~ri tl"'ic ! I
I I tt l H} l td ll tl -> l..l
\ , t l-' . _~ ., tt • ..,l 111 ,. •t~ otJ 1, 1" "-" ~~ .
I' \, 1 Ii 11 '\h.' "'' " - 1;..,! ... ,o• r-- ,-
•h
r4 ':1 I _t_, • h ''-• t-..J , q, \ '"' \.. " ~ 1, . '"I n ,,. ,, ,, , • ..i At '"" "
-hl1 .. ' ''-'' h\. "'-l ,1 l-- .,, ,t I .. t1.I uf s t eE
t h w ,,, ..;: , .u r'-- ' , I I q~"•-, h
,,11.-p .:" '\f\U h,1 1, 1 l'l'-
, Je t ' ,.... ,(~ t,..-un

·~
,\ IC' h ._, m~ ,ttn um ~, I 4 •J.! . 1ol . ..bt • 1,:,J • S015tt
l f"P. 0 -:1,, 1h1. 1
"' 1n 4 1S . 10
E,. aa, pl e I
lO J t~ fT'rT ,
I Lo I of d ,,. tc.
1 lrt! O
1 rr1 t~ ,.,, ., ,.. J •• J... ! I I ..,. ., ~I. Jc " " :> 7 • l!J 3
,111 st ,- de• orn -, 'HIC• :"I of :o
- r.?I '-'
1' /I • 11 fl r I•• " J -', l II " I r "• <JJ •
" lUU r,1m ,J, t"fl,
~ i.)fC lil
- ':.B 8 N rrr-c 2
,, ...., , • .t ltl I ~ !:J"
"' m ,J I u In i I I a I/ I
1r IAll r~ rT" mit .di~ "-'J Dh
IU .. ~ I'• '" 14' • ,o_i/11
' • ' " ., U JrJi,, ,,.1 ,
r "- r ntr oJ d~, 101. .a t , d \ 12 or: - .,9 3 ,,, 3a s
• r rar ,.t'l l r

4f1 '1 C r'~ ·· , .


, ,:.1 1 1IC'
... i.:1,~,-,,, •ft ,, ''" "" '•',.,.
-i.lt. J ' l #fllll • •I
Fi nd t it,
,
,x/'"" "' ..,,..,,.
a/1 1.th ' I" •
In
0 111, f t> r
~i: oc o r-.
,l-l "'I "'
~f .:a 1t c-r1 t• S \ 1\!~ "' n ccn cr~ 1a d l , .... e't.: c1 vt , t.1acl
II r llr _ .J "" C"'<• • 11 g 1'.. ~I""
.,. ,. .J., 10 ~, t.J f t1r ':o\i
, •t• P 1Jt1 -i ,1,,,,.,._. t lt~ r \ htJ rt,, ,-.,n ,:
,,,, ..,1, ,/, , ,., ,,, /J Q r1 Ju ,· 1,1 440 , 10 1
4.4 0 • 10- :,0 SO
I ,,._,t
llr t' •I rJ1 1,r ,1u
t it, /l nil l p1r c1u1ta
/ ax. ,1/ n 11 o f~ ~
o l -.• -l5 • 10·
., , ,_,. ~.,, j/C' l u» oj ,,,. ,..,
, 11 11 " 6 /n Jl un S ta r,J ..ir u
• I.) I I 4J - J 111 01 r11 w•l•tl11n r .,J ,
' 1-: , '>I"'""
f.
> u n d tht : fu llu "
1r,,i: Jut u T1 ,pr ol Lo•••• of Pr•••,.•••
:1 0 .l '\ ,...,J I EL H • •• d1 I .:> m a11
on
{ f 7 0U f f .)
' \.. :"\r 'fi ~
I 4J ' ,.., ., ,
, 1 , \v· • 11 ::> \ 0, 10
t rr, p
' = rd, ,"- m'1'1
o .-J flc /1 nl (#J - / . 6
f p t,;/ ,.,, ,i;t.,ul , l,r t nlu •II ' , 1ru Jn I • I U'
, \ :!00 • t).J Ct N mm ·
" , 1,, t l o n

r, • II) rr r
<'I';!·~ u N mm '
~ ,' I JI I I I '.! l Jf, 'JU U rl t mn i '
.\ 3 ..l
•.amp • I 1 , Louo oj StF•• •

- -4h
J ·., ~,r.,.
['.nt c d•l c rT'•ll"r
"

t
, _J . ~ (N' II _tt fl , , : 'I •"' H/liilQrt , 11.,,a ,11j
.~ ., •,ci;qeb J I • llrf l , l'it (" 1\ " ' ·' ....... Jiu , ... ,r.JtMIJ
• 1t: ,-=I • .1 . ::-
, • • • • • ,~-, , f l.I," ,., .-,, • • • T .' tt ._ l tt· 1 J .r , 1a / 1 1•II ► l. -:. ,.,, .J o l cr~,e1• ~a.--:no- 10
I J a 1(j-'
~ f \>t f,. t Jl f'tt H ns ll td " 1111 • h •l• I (<,, t "f
"- •
, \ , · .:a : .... ~ , , '-'• • fl • <A / H rtr.i l 1t (tu , ,· rtt,· gn.J r r
~git ~f :.:-o.:.r~tC' JO.- 1 0., ., -
3
·, ·•·. , .... ,,.. ,-cus t•f \IT~ ~, . ... fl H .I .,1,,,
,;, If lli!JJ r'J , I H·t' lf .,. 1 (',J ,. l er- I
- "! uu. R .. ., .a, .-:; -. c;,I ,i ec, : ,rres
. --... . ~ . 1=~-, -
• .· JI =
-
J '
.. 100
' Tul.3 ' c,S.t = :.- ' • IT-
fit.t ~ -"::.,; • ·• I • .- • '"'t'I~
1~:- :-.~ •
• J. " J~ .__, -... p t • \ ...-• t>J •trrn :::. , t5 :l0 - 153 1 =
.
r ~ , ,t rt~lrJt
:: f/~..:1 ,,., e p• .. ~
J ~.,:11 J 8-~l
. .' .., • r;... ptr 1,uu l l u,gtlll.
,.. ~ ~1 '""t ~ 1n c ~ ii .:J ~• ...:-
;;:.
2.5D" lS0
0 ;, ::. a; '.,
,t t ' :.Z.a.~ •- " ~~, J. r t, 1
:nr~ t-: s.~~I
"" "' ~J , .'f tJJ I ,ua, ,j
,, __ ~~r:1t\t:li,.il 1!:'\
..,
f• •~• ..
-
~.,sn·.c., I' • JH 4 \
~ . 100 ! l o
l.5q{I
-' ~
• .. - a& I.. ., ~•• _.,,.er ttc
h .;i m pl~ i h
, •eu :-r Ht-;I :,:,a:~4 , ~ ••i:J•
:! 10 "11• .. 1 J. r ,j;1d JH
"' .a ~ N mm.! "''" .t,,,. r , F"'"'r, ,J r.:J .., ; ,• ... ,.,. ,•a-• • J !I .,,..-
, ... .,,,,-.; ,H • r ,. ,r/~r,· •l JI
• ,, .. , , .. _,. • • .;ia.;J ,' .arrn ·~ .-r•
;, 11 ,n u . ~ I u ~.•q o,f /fl• \ ~ ,.. , Tbl 1p.J., ~J Ott , ~
fl ' ... f
-~
E - ,, 1 JI"" t .. ,. ;. / •U i./lt , p ,r .:~!'J l ~f~ , . ,., .,f 11 rr., o ro
I' • ,e, ii fAt _,._,;,1,... 1, ,,~-fl,e<.Jid."f .-d .,.J
n,.. ,..,,u. ;, r.;,i,1,-n J,,.~, :1
Cl • .. J,,.i , ,. , foll.- ... 1&:J tt=.a
- -, 88--
») • j
'1
I - : H .. , ... I ~,. ,;1 IS . • t ~ .t \ - 1.
I,. .........
l J1

- J .. .
I o•• of StT• ••
\4 wJ ._ .._ l t.ri,!IJ • I 1(11 ! I •
J,, , _pr,.ft" n ,11,n l rt .; r . ... a l la• ■

'ti' ,o, _, ,,, rlf'11"~) it ne


l •' ,! • I
- J •••

,..a , - ,,,1. ,,.,., , ..


.,
13 ~ 0 • I L0\.)01
)20 \.\N
\ ~ l{l()

A • b ~ 10" mrr 1 • .l .
1 . .. . . .

I 2 1u 1
"' l 1s I - t:,
, <.. ., ,.,. ,.,,.,, •l'.J• ◄B ..,_J ,,,a,. 11'" 11 po.st-1 ,n.J j " "'.J h >
., .._ gb lfl -...1t1, -. ,,, -.'O n&.e11rrh: .:a t s w pp or1J , ~nd B iJn d
~'.IIJ . JOO I J Ju1. , un ,.:,~a,,,._.,, .:,/ 109 ,.,'" •n 011 wu J - thtrd , .c_.in
1
- .:\ ~- IIJ' mn ""'' ' " ..i 1,,..,..,.r ,a,.,~,h•n f.:,,....., "•d.J •'-tt \ & p p.:, rh . I J r h ~ c ..1 b,,
J, ,~ n ~lu,eeJ JI t ll e Jtil ... t t ng • 111d -.\ ..,ltgt , ,.a u l d b~ ,h e
Ju ... J..l"N ,,,..i, ,,. '"• -.. ,rttJ &/ , .,~,.,- l.l l 8 t s f o f't •
1111 •
IIJIJ U '\ ,.. .. , 1,,.,,..., ,,.,. ,·o•JJld•n• ••/ f r lcrl <J n t,~ , ..,•en
'" " , .;ab l• J~,._ , .,,.J . ., J rt:,.., O S O .S.5 Qlld ,,.., ,,. , .., ,, ., ,.,
J..:U, 111'1 1 l l ll • IU' • '.':ltJ "ill! ., 1•• 'Jl('J-,n1 , ~, 1h r ""' .Q\. it ~.fJ•cr .,, 0 no I~ '" ·
j,.1 • l t• • 1 t l\,-, • LI i I
'v \ u t , .., n

7 f J ' m rr •

T •~.'\ • ,. 1, lr •,rt~"'• , ,, rn p ,liit.J 11 , 1t 1, l a l1, 1ln, - •• t 111 111.., 1\ I


I, •lol d'l,H 1QI! o l ,lope o l < a b \11 lrom
A 10 ~ o • I ~ , 0 0:, I '"' (l l U
~

,.J ,.
II ~ l
If ....
;

._JI J ,.
"
••
~

'
..
It :a -"
~ ,_
r
I ::. :,

.t la
...
T
I
II
- .a

.. ~ '
,;.

•- .-""
"- ."-• •,
lj iJ
-
~ -~

• .."
Clo
I '
... -... . ...• -
f.
::- '
,.. :t .;


' ... ..
_;)
;.. "I 9
,:
,., •"" ..
'I;,
~ ,
a, • C,
' .;
-'... ....'
/
.,
>
ll
llq
" i;- ;
C i::a -:; #
-::
•".,
~

-..
flt ~
i :,
.;:.
C =
,:__ • ,!
;:- :;, :;;
,,. ~ .,_ .,,
~

.. -.-... - :::.
·- -
--
-;
C "' t. ~

..: ....
;_ ..,_ -= _,
<
,,.:i,
,: '
• :: .:. ~
::;-
.=-. : .-.
> <
;r <'. ..-- ";
i::
: ..
:!
-
~

, ! -:- t. ,,
~
'-

-: "
- ....
"-
C

:
: i:
·- t
:: I:..

.::
:;.
..
-;, ,.. . ..=
:c
z .,
, =
:;. ~

! =: -.. '
~ :2: ~

~
- -:.
::l
~
e
. -..
,:p t.
; ::i
:1" :! :,
::,, ~

:i

=
• <:
~

a
;,.
.., ••
. • . -
~
:,
• C.
!-
::: c... ••
< ::-
.. Ii,
,
~

t
► ='
,-..:. 'O" (.
,- -.. 2
-- :,, :;:
3 .-
.-
c--
I ::,-
•:;

- '- ~

-._ •
3-
-=
~
~
:;
"~
r-
:- -:;:

"

- •...-
..
• . ~

::;
~
- ::•
::c
.:
-

You might also like