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' '

~HAPTER 10

Forest

A. IN 'f R O D u c n o N
. .
sts re nd er th e cli ma te equable add t 0 h £ . of the soil, prevent soil
fore fl t e . ~r ~t y
rennial str' • . They shelter
erosion, and pr om ot e pe eam ow 111 rai n-£ed ov ers
es er ve ge ne po ol d e tri bal ul • Th
wild anim .als, pr s, an prot ec t th us,
. . ba lance. p~ p atton.
ni ng e ~c olo gic al
fores~ help .tn mam:at
th •
an d ec ol . al b - .
ro nm en tal ue
Besides these envt
ate ria l to in du s° ,!; enefits, forests bring reven
m fuel and
to the state, supply ra w s, and act as a source of
all th . di ve int erf ere nce for
fodder. Should ese m ca te tb e ne ce ssi ty of legislati
•g
• 1n
• . st m an ag em en t al ·ves ns· e to conilict
Fo re ys g:t
the prot.ection of. forests? wa al
. ve lo pm en t wo uld rai se problems of ecologic
of de
vi e~ 1n ts . Claims ifi c violation of th e fo re
st laws.
ey -en le ad to sp e~
secur~ty•• !h ey m ay am ple S1 -"...; ...g an • a .ro
;f"\dus tty. m r rest area 1s•
m . is an_ . ex
Construction of a da
ll .Ill

vitable.
'-A LU

law, conflict of values is ine

•
•

ty ba se d on th e 1u le of
another. In a_ socie are to be set. Th e proc~;s
should
ile d, an d pri or! -ti es
This is to be, reconc ula tion· of,l~gal po~cies, and
devices
rm th~ ba sis of , fo rm
precede, an d also fo , . • -•
en t of fo res ts. > -.
for the m an ag em
• I ,

, -. . ·r.
Forest Law . . - ,· r

l
of the social and politica
I -

s
th e ho pe s and aspiration
Every law carries wi th it em e Legislative Council passe
d the
n tim e. Th e Su pr
forces at wo rk at.a give ou nt ed to the formalisation
of the
in 18 65 . Th is am
first Indian Fo re st A ct loc al people to forest produc
e. The
an d th e rig hts of
erosion of bo th forests di a wa s contained in the Forest
Act
re sts in Br iti sh In
general law relating to fo re st Ac t 1927 consolidated the
pre-
ng AC :ts· Th e Fo
1878, and in its am en di th e Ac t was also limited. Origina
lly,
ial jur isd ict ion of
existing laws. The territor ce pt tho se , which before 1 Nove
mber
rit or ies ex
it covered only th os e ter tes . Ex ten sion to oth~r areas took
place
in Pa rt B sta
1956 were, comprised re st Ac t 1927, being the prod
uct <?f
t, th e In di an Fo
subsequently. N o do ub
 tal Law Case .vooK
Envk<JD11le11
•10 itarive tendencies of colonial
. _1 d ys reflectS the e~ nrnental and ecological interand_ fcu,t.
lontai a ' thatl en\111"0 • CSts O·r"~
British co ~n1e rather . d policy,· its main object was t
o telh-.L
tltt
. of the LIJ-'"'"' e-oriente .
soctetf . e. With a revenu d augment the public exchequer by 1<>~
present L. rest produce, a~tl ho,us the Act was passed 'to collsou C\ty Of
ali0 gs 111 10 . tt e s ,
de . . ber. As 1ts long the transit of forest produce and th date
dunes on t11ll I ting to forest, c d'll~
• 4-fng Jaws re a .,
the eJ.1S1.U• , £ ti d
. bl on titnber. uld constitute any ores an or wastet,-d
Ievia e rnent co h f-r t Re d l4ll as
'Ibe state gove~ . a notification to t e, e re~ • serve forest a
rved forest by issUJ1l8 hi.. h the state government would have J>tOI\.:
rese d over w c th r"-'Ch...
then become a Ian uld also be entitled to own e whole, or an,, ~,
rnment wo • d• • --·, Patt
rights. The gove . ht could be acquire in or over reserved or~
uce. No rig ; .. .; . . , . .
of the forest Prod 1 • • ... .' - i , • _

except by: · '· ••__. ! ; •

t· r r ' •

. ,• , i : ed into ~di g~;emmen~ or' _: .•

I r I

(a) succession; or
d grant or contract enter . . . i 1 ....... , , •• • • J

(b) un er a • .hia·-rr1ng pre-existing rights. -, . • . •

(c.\ by any other.persons
. ,. . .v.u... ., • 1 • • - • - .:~ • ·,
• • •
• , •• , _ •. • _ _ , ••• (
1
1
A . . . • the reserved foreSt are also· regulated. :Rights over and
. ctthvtnes,.. m t p·.roduce arid watercourse, ·could be exercised only subjcaio
ng ts to 1ores . i : - •. • '. ._ •

regulation. dearini of tteCs is·~r01.tlbit~~ exce~t ~s _authon~~ by rules~

by the state gov:emnient. Any. ~d_ulgtng tn. ~ro~bt~~ such
setting fire to the· fO!Cst, ·hiiriting, trespassing, quarrytng; fishing and ·setting
traps is liabl~ to be pi-oSecutCd.-FtOni'thC momerit a notificatlOn ~01'.iesttved
forest is made~ all claims ~or in~erests·in, or over. any· land ·or portion·of
reserved forest are s~bjdcte'd to_. the decisions of a_ settlement 'officer.~ •.• ;.'i
A protected forest is forest land or wasteland where the state. grivemni~t
can, by notification, reserve any tree; cl~se any portion of such forest against
the rights of private persons; prohibit stone quarrying, burning of lime, ~d
removal of forest produce or clearing for cultivation. The incidence of
d~claring the forest as reserved is. prescribed in the statute. In the case of a
protected for~st, it is_ the notification by the State government that Jays down
whether, and if yes ' 1ll what manner the. area . be used~_ ·J ~: -_· :_.; •:• • ....- _. , •- •
. can
-
The revenue oriented I I 0 li . . . . . •
management f c. ega P _ cy, though not conduave to efficient eco-
• • •• •
o .1.orests seems t0 ·have • after
the country b · . ' . , contmued for a long time even. -~ .
t'-11.f'\,;; and
ecame J.ndependent It h d •• repercus-sions.· Illegal ltaJU-16
encroachment • · . a its
rea~hed extrem:e:~ t on ~hated. Attetnpts·to regu]arise··en~ •
0
the_ laJ?.dless labourers. p:: ~f fore5ts were lea8ed out for ~bilitatl01l. :
a~culturai ,e:Xpansion. M:adh e ~or~sts were acquired by the state to ~d
wntes: .. • • un Krishnaswamy, a critic of thC pn:sentsy¢1" .

21 g