Lecture 1-2
Art Appreciation An Introduction
● Humanities
● Art
- Bring life to ordinary objects or
occurrence.
● Functions Of Art
What Is Humanities?
● Academic Disciplines That Study Aspects Of
Human Society And Culture
● Include The Study Of Ancient And Modern
Languages, Literature, Philosophy, History,
Religion, And Art
- Rootword Man, Simplest Term
- Being Civilized, To Be In Refined
- Mastered Different Branches Of
Humanities
Why Study Humanities?
● Influence Holistic Transformation
- Holistic- As A Whole
- . 3 Points- Cognitive- About The Brain,
Affective- Talks About Emotions, And
Psychomotor- Improving Your
Physicality.
● Nurture Critical Thinking
- Analyzing Situation And Problems.
Solving A Problem
● Enhance Self-Respect
- When You Are Good At Someth8ing
The More Your Confidence Develop
- ● To Produce Thinking
● Avenue For Enlightenment
- It Opens Our Mind
- ●
● Perpetual Contribution To Society
- We Are Still Studying The Philosophers
Idea
- Showcase Potential In Creating Things.
● Entertainment Value
- Enjoyment
What Is Art?
● Something That Is Created With Imagination
And Skill - Formula And That Is Beautiful Or
That Expresses Important Ideas Or Feelings
- Catch Your Attention
● A Form Of Communication
● Reflects Cultural Values, Beliefs And Identity
And Helps To Preserve The Many Different
Communities That Make Up Our World
- Reflection Of A Certain Societies
Why Study Art?
● Arts Subjects Encourage Self-Expression And
Creativity And Can Build Confidence As Well
As A Sense Of Individual Identity
- It Improves Our Creativity And Self
Expression
- Some People Find It Difficult To
Express Their Feelings And Emotions.
● Creativity Can Also Help With Wellbeing And
Improving Health And Happiness
● Studying Arts Subjects Also Help To Develop
Critical Thinking And The Ability To Interpret
The World Around Us
- Artist They Say See The World In
Multitude Of Colors
-
● The Leading People In Any Field Are Those
Who Can Think Creatively And Innovatively
- Those Who Are Successful In Life,
They Think In Different Ways,
Ingenious Way
● When You Study Art You Learn To Work Both
Independently And Collaboratively.
- Some Art Works Are Done With A
Group Of People.
● Studying The Arts Teaches Determination And
Resilience.
-
What Is The Purpose Of Art?
What Are The Functions Of Art?
Appreciative Function
- Give Joy To Most People. To Enjoy
● Imaginative And Creative Function
- Challenge The Creative Mind. To
Avenue And Channel. Inspired To Do
Things.
● Communicative And Expressive Function
- Can Express Inner Thoughts And
Feelings In Artworks. Reflection Of The
Human Mind And Heart. Convey
Messages To The Audience Via Art. Art
Speaks To You
● Therapeutic Function
- Relive And Release Our Tension And
Stress. Emotional Healing.
 ● Personal And Social Function
- Art Enjoy By The Individual Or The
Community.
What Are The Qualities Of Art?
● Aesthetic Value
- Not Everyone Has The Same Criteria
For Beati. Art Is Subjective
- - Artist Himself Is Painting His Own
● Universality
- Idea Is Understood By The Majority Of
The People. Universal.
- Interpretation Is Present
● Timelessness
- Makes An Artist Immortal.
● Unique Or Peculiar Quality
- Stands Out. One Of A Kind. Different
From The Rest.
● Significant Functions And Impacts To The
Human Mind And Soul
- Served A Certain Purpose To People
Or Community.
Most Important:
● Human Intervention
- Only Man Can Create Art.
- Why Art Has Survived Through Time,
Because Of Humans. Art Will Prosper.
● Creative Intention
- There Should Be A Purpose Of That
Art. It Was Made Because It Has
Purpose. Making Something Ordinary
Into Extraordinary.
- There's An Intention
What Are The Two Subjects Of Art?
● Representational Or Objective Art
- Painting Of Flower
- Painting Of Juan Luna
- Creating The Likeness Of Something
Or What Is Reality. Represent Reality.
● Non-Representational Or Non-Objective Art
- Triangle And Such Shapes
- Out Of The Imagination Of The Artist.
- Paintings Of Picasso- Cubism.
Categories Of Representational Subjects
● Still Life
- `Any Unmoving Object. Does Not Move
- E.G. Painting Of A Bowl Of Fruit, Regular
Objects Around The House
● Portrait
- Images Of People Or Animal
- Artist Painting Other People
- Monalisa: Believe That The Vinci Was
Commissioned By Someone To Create
The Image Or A Person. But There Are
Some Sectors Believed That Monalisa
Is Not Even A Real Person But Da Vinci
Imagining Himself To Be A Woman
● Self-Portrait
Image
● Religion
- Spiritual Beliefs
- Penitensia Could Also Be Culture
● Landscape
- Vast Land
● Culture
- Done By People In Their Day To Day
Life
Elements Of Art
- Comprises An Artwork. Always Present
● Form And Shape
- External Appearance Of The Artwork.
- Natural: Shapes We Can See In Our
Environment. Drawing A Tree.
- Geometric: Shapes In Geometry.
Triangle, Square, Etc.
- Cubism: Art Technique Using
Geometric Shapes.
● Texture
- Surface Area. Smooth Or Rough.
- Tactile: Touching. Sculpture.
Architecture Like Buildings. Texture We
Can Determine Through It
- Visual: Paintings Cannot Be
Touch.Texture Can Be Seen Through
Visuals.
- An Artist Would Have Different
Elements For Their Own Good. Artists
Would Harness The Meaning Of Each
Element In Order To Communicate
Their Idea.
● Volume
- 2 Types
- 2 Dimensional: Length And Width.
Front Part Only. Painting
- 3 Dimensional: Length, Width And
Base. If You Can Look Around The
Artwork. Sculpture
● Perspective
 - Spatial Relationship: How Artists ● Art = (Human Intervention + Creative Intention)
Would Give The Illusion Of Distance. + Other Qualities
Spaces. ● Art Is Present To Man For Various Purposes
1. Linear Perspective: Arrange ● Art Is A Composition Of Different Elements-
The Objects In Your Artwork Like A Puzzle
And Making Them Converge In
Your Canvas To Give Illusion At
The Far Distance
2. Foreground Is Bigger Than The
Background: Whatever Is Closer
To The Audience.
3. Top Is Smaller Than The
Bottom: Those At The Top
Would Be Smaller And The
Bottom Is Bigger. Illusion Of
Distance.
● Space
- Positive Space: It Has An Image Or A
Text.
- Negative Space: Artwork Does Not
Have Anything On It.
● Line
- Straight Line: Horizontal, Vertical-
Authority And
- Vertical: Confidence, authoritative
Diagonal. Slanting slant- Means
Action Or Movement.
- Curve Line: Spherical, Spiral. Denote
Cheios. Or Trouble.
- Horizontal: resting giant, peace,
serenity
● Color
- Gives Life To An Artwork
- White Has Meaning, Etc.
- Darkness or lightness
- Manipulate emotions or mood
Properties Of Color
● Hue
- Name Of The Color Itself Geen, Black,
Etc.
● Value
- Lightness And Darkness. From Pink To
Red.
● Intensity
- Dullness If It's Not Bright, To
Brightness= Neon Colors.
In Conclusion:
● Humanities = Man
● Art Is Created Through The Combination Of
Skills And Imagination - Not Everyone
Lecture 3-4
Art, Man, And Society
Ideas That Affect How A Person View Art:
- Everyone have different emotion towards an
artwork, like it but other person do not.
● Gender
- Biological makeup of a person. Man
vs. woman.
- Women: more emotional by nature.
Ruled by their heart.
- Men: more logical testosterone driven.
- In films, women more on romantic
comedy movies, but men, more on
action or suspense triller movies.
● Culture
- Way of life, how we deal with things.
- E.g. as a student during f tf classes, our
culture is from the moment we wake
up, we eat our breakfast, go to school,
learned, and after that play computer
games then return to home. Thats how
we spend our day. But now that we are
online, our culture change, the monet
we wake up, we open our gadget and
attend our class. Or dont even eat
breakfast anymore.
- Plays a role in art app. For Filipinos,
normall, we have a wooden spoon and
fork display, since its part of our culture.
But other nationalities, they do not
understand what is all about, but for us,
its part of being a filipino
● Nationalism
- Culture, nationalism, and ethnicity.
They go together.
- Supporting our own. Filipino supporting
filipino candidates. Chinese people
supporting chinese candidates
- E.g. in miss universe competition, they
have miss photogenic. Normally, that
part they actually based the winner on
popularity vote. That is why filipinos
have been winning the photogenic part
of the competition, since we are
technology drive, and vote our vote for
our candidate.
● Geographic Location
- Where you live, where you were born.
Also dictate whether you will like a
certain artwork or not.
- E.g. charice is born and race in manila.
Because of the pandemic, she has to
go to province for health reason. During
her first week in thec province, for her it
was claiming because of less pollution.
But after a week, she got bored, since
she was used to living in a city. If you
show her pictures of makati or slums of
tondo, she would appreciate it since
she used to live in cities.
- Work: from province to manila. Waste
of time and enrgy but still choose to
return home. Since they missed their
home.
- Something that would remind you the
place where you were born.
● Ethnicity
- Regional trbes or international tribes or
races. E.g. regional tribes: aita, ifugao,
tausugs, bajao, etc. therry would
support their own frat. Since its part of
their tribe or who they are.
- International race. Asian, europena,
hispanic, etc. they support their own.
Cinses, japanese, filipinos. They
support each other. There are some
countries who have similar musical
instruments. E.g. the percussion
instruments of muslims are similar to
those of indonesia, malaysia, borneo,
etc. they are similar.
● Spiritual Beliefs
- Our religion will also dictate whether
wwe will like cartain artworn.
- E.g. for roman catholics, they
understand what the sculptures inside
the church are all about. But when we
enter a budha temple, we do not really
know what to do inside and feel like we
are on different planet.
● Socio-Economic Background
- Economic status of a person.
Upperclass, middleclass, lowerclass.
People say that the upperclass
appreciate art ore than the lowerclass.
Has nothing to do with economic
discrimination. It just that, the
upperclass or rich, they have more
 exposure to artworks. They have
money to buy tickets to watch a
concert, to watch a fil, theater play, time
toi go to museums. Since for
lowerclass, their money is meant to
spend for basic necessities. Do not
have spare money for the things
mentioned above.
- Museum, the museum creator
accidentally place a very important
artwork besides a trashcan. The janitor
saw the artwork beside the trashcan
and thought that it was trash so he
threw it away. Because of
socioeconomic background, the janitor
did not know that it was an artwork.
- A guard drew an eye on a face less
artwork. He ruined the artwork. He
doesnt know that it was an artwork
- Exposure rather than discrimination.
● Political Beliefs
- Your political inclination will also dictate
whether you will like a certain artwork
or not.
- E.g. you support DuTae, then there is
rally calling out the president. You as a
supporter of him, you won’t like the rally
made by people sincce they are anti
Du30. but if you are anti, you will
appreciate the rally.
● Personal Experiences
- De luna, maraggun, and lacanlale are
friends. All of a sudden, de luna and
maraggun fell in love with each other.
They went to a museum and saw an
artwork looking like (dko gets drawing
ni maam beh. Ay infinity pala), de luna
and maraggun appreciate the artwork
since they are in a realtionship.
Lacanlale do not like it chariz.
Approach To Art Criticism
Four Approaches To Art Criticism:
- Criticism Is Like Looking At Negative Aspects
But Art Criticism Is About Finding Its Value.
- Ways We Can Interpret The Artwork Or
Evaluate Them
● Mimetic
- Purely Describing What You See In The
Artwork. Describing Using The
Elements Of Art. Mentioning The Color,
Size, Ettc. Medium Or Materials.
● Expressive
- We Need To Know The Background Or
Life Of The Artist Of The Artist To The
Artworks, How This Artwork Reflect
His/Her Life.
● Pragmatic
- Connecting The Artwork To A Certain
Society, Community, Country, Or Even
Individual. Finding The Importance Of
That Artwork To You Or To A
Community
● Aesthetic Or Formal
- Using Elements Of Art And Interpreting
It Or Giving Symbolism Or Deeper
Meaning.
Worker’s Past Time By Alexander Cooper
● This Artwork Is Entitled 'worker's Past Time'
And Was Done By Alexander Cooper. The
Artwork Was Done In 1991, Measures 34x34
Cm And Is Acrylic On Canvas. The
Representational Painting Can Be Found In
The Personal Collection Of The Mutual Gallery.
The Artwork Shows A Group Of People
Engaged In Various Activities At A Work Site.
● There Are Various Elements Of Art That Are
Present In This Artwork. A Few Significant
Ones Are Texture And Color. Texture Is Used
In The Application Of The Acrylic Paint To The
Work Men's Clothing And Their Surroundings.
The Artist Uses Color To Indicate The Time Of
Day As Well As The Buildings In The
Background
Flora By Carrie Mansfield Weir
● The Painting Appears Washed-Out
Emphasized By The Use Of Many Shades Of
Soft White. Carrie's Dress Is A Mixed Gray
Shade Of White And The Lace Trim On Her
Dress Is An Antique Yellow-White. The Flowers
Everywhere (On The Table, In The Bowl, In
Carrie's Hands, On Her Lap, Intertwined In The
Garland) Are All Various Shades Of White With
A Few Streaks Of Pink And Red Mixed In.
Even The Wall Behind Her Is A Dull
Brownish-White Color.
Water Lilies By Claude Monet
● Monet Has Used An Overall Cool Color Theme
To Give The Painting A Relaxing Feel, While
The Bright Pink Contrasts With These Colors
 And Attracts The Attention In On The Water
Lilies Floating In The Pond. The Colors Create
A Serene, Calming Mood That Flows Together.
The Lines Are Not All One Size Or Stroke,
They Are More Wispy And Free Flowing,
Which Allows The Eyes To Flow Around The
Picture From Most Important To Least
Important Aspect.

● Thomas Moran Was Born In England; However

Is Regarded As One Of America's Most
Important Hudson River School Artists. His
Biggest Competitors Flourished From Hudson
As Well, They Include Frederick Edwin Church
And Martin Johnson Heade. Moran Had A
Personal Desire To Explore And Paint Exotic,
Uncultivated Places, He Is Renowned For His
Panoramic Scenes Of The American West.
Moran Embarked On His First Journey To
Florida In 1877, He Visited Fort George Island
Which Is Located At The Mouth Of St. Johns
River Near Jacksonville. This Trip Was Funded
By Scribner's Monthly Magazine In Order To
Promote Tourism To The Unknown Southern
State. Moran's Work Illustrates The Landscape
Of Florida, Yet He Might Have Romanticized
The Location Based Upon His Bias Of Love
For Uncultivated Nature And To Attract
Transplants.
● Moran, Has The Ability To Depict The
Notorious Climate; He Communicates The
Raw Essence Of The Humidity Found On The
Beach. I Am Convinced When Viewing This
Work Of Art That I Am Squinting And Sweating
From The Sun While Watching People Come
Ashore. Personally, I Value This Skillfully
Crafted, Extraordinary Piece Because It
Triggers Memories In Me. Being Raised In
Florida All My Life I Have Come To Appreciate
The Gorgeous Landscape That Surrounds Me.
The Piece Exudes The Feeling Of Being Lost
In A Tropical, Exotic Oasis. Moran's, Florida
Scene, Has Value Nationally. Originally Sent To
Foster Tourism In Florida, Moran Created A
Masterpiece Which Highlights Nature In All Her
Shining Glory.
Lecture 5-6
What Is Art Criticism?
- The word criticsm sound negative but when we
talk about art criticism, not entirely negative.
Since it entails deeper understanding of the
artwork. We try to find the value of art. We try
to understand what is it all about and give
judgements as whether we like it or not.
● Evaluation Of Artwork
● Interpretative
● Creating Critical Judgement About An Artwork
Importance Of Art Criticism:
● To Expand And Deepen The Work Of Artists
- When we look at certain artwork, we
have a very shallow understanding of
what is it all about. We just say we like
it or do not like but we do not give
reason why we like it or why we don’t.
- Artworks cannot speak for themselves.
That why art criticism is important as it
gives deeper meaning to the artwork.
● Aid Viewers In Understanding And
Interpreting Works Of Art
- In abstract artworks, its diffucult to
extract the message. But through art
criticism, and interpreation of other
people, the audience have a better
understanding about that artwork.
Types Of Criticism:
● Journalistic Criticism
- Writing art criticisms for the general
public. For everyone. News paper.
● Scholarly-Art Criticism
- Art criticism, the audience is specific.
The readers are, art professors, art
aficionados, etc. that is why you can’t
find this kind of art criticism in art
journal, magazine, etc.
Overview Of Art Criticism:
- What you need to do to formulate your art
criticism.
● Observe The Artwork And Write Down Your
Observations
- What do you see,. Should be detailed
in the things you see in the artwork.
Take note of the things that stand out.
What else captured your attention.
● Formulate A Main Claim
- You find or think a theory or what do
you think the artwork is all about.
● Support Your Main Claim With Visual
Details
- Find ideas that can support your main
theory. Give basis to your claim.
Four Steps To Art Criticism
1. Description
2. Analysis
3. Interpretation
4. Evaluation
Description
- Mimetic approach applied
● What Do You See?
● Detailed Description
● Uses Elements Of Art In Describing
● Medium, Size, Elements even the location
- Mention as many elements that you
see.
Analysis
- aesthetic/formal approach
● How Did The Artist Do It?
● Analyze How Elements Were Used
- What ever elements you mentioned in
tthe description part, you now need to
interpret them. Meaning behind colors,
lines, etc.
Interpretation
- Expressive approach
● Why Did The Artist Create It And What Does It
Mean?
● Theory
- Generalized the interpretation by
stating your main idea. Inductive
reasoning.
- Its important that you know the life of
the artist so you will be able to generate
a theory as to what is the message of
the artwork.
Evaluation
- Pragmatic approach
● Is It A Good Artwork?
- Yes or no and why? You have to give a
reason. Your suggestions, etc.
● Do You Like It?
● Why Do You Not Like It?
● What Could Improve The Artwork?
- Finding the value of an artwork.

The Weeping Woman By Pablo Picasso
Description
● There Isn’t An Actual Background Scene In
The Painting. The Background Is Completed
With Different Lines And Colors. The Woman
Is The Focus Point Of This Painting. She Is
Wearing An Accessory On Top Of Her Head
Which Demonstrates Her Elegance. The Main
Colors That Are Used In This Painting Are
Green, Yellow, Blue, Purple, Red And Black.
The Painting Is Set Mainly Of Lined And Little
Curves. The Mood And Visual Effect That This
Painting Portrays Can Be Considered To Be
Suffering, And Sadness. My First Impression
Of The Artwork Is That The Face Of The
Woman Is Not Proportionate And Is Only
Painted With Lines, No Curves.
- Only lines and colors are mentioned.
Analysis
● The Colors That The Author Uses Can Be
Considered To Be Quite Different As Each
Color Conveys A Separate Impression. The
Light Purple That Begins At The Bottom Top Of
The Woman’s Eyes Can Convey Sadness. The
Other Half Of The Face Is Mainly Covered In
Green And Yellow; These Can Be Said To
Interpret Other Solid Emotions That The
Painter Must Have Towards This Woman As
She Was A Vital Character In Picasso’s Life.
The Painting Is Created With Mainly Lines
Which Can Mean That The Woman Had
Strong Physical Features Or That Her Different
Emotions Were Felt Passionately As Lines Are
Usually Seen As Strong Technical Elements.
The Only Curves That Are Being Used Are For
Her Hair And Eyes. The Eyes Look Quite
Down Or Depressive. This Is Because The
Woman Is Crying, Which Goes Back To The
Main Mood Which Is Suffering.
- Give the elements or symbolism
mentioned in description part meaning
or interpration.
Interpretation
● I Believe That Picasso Wanted The Audience
To Feel Pain And Provide A Statement That
Explains How All Women Feel And The Agony
That They Are Consistently In. The Audience
Can See That The Woman Has Peeled Away
Her Flesh By Corrosive Tears To Reveal Her
White Bones. The Handkerchief She Tries To
Stuff In Her Mouth Seems As A Shard Of
Glass. This Vivid Image Can Convey Pain And
Hurting. Picasso Has Expressed The Behavior
Of This Woman Several Times And Often
Describes The Constant Tears That Fall Off
Her Eyes. So The Feeling Conveyed By The
Artwork Is Definitely Suffering. Picasso Wanted
Us To Feel Her And Understand The Pain That
She Was Going Through. It Was Not Easy To
Be A Woman During That Time Since Females
Where Often Frowned Upon. Picasso
Demonstrates The Appreciation That He Has
For Her Through This Painting As He Wants
The Audience To Understand Her.
- Using excpressive approach,
background or life of the artist.
Evaluation
● Finally, The Artist’s Value May Be To Evoke
Pain, As Mentioned Previously. This Is Due To
The Colors That Picasso Used And The
Shapes That He Draws; Not Only These
Technical Elements But Also The Images That
The Painter Uses Within The Actual Face Of
The Woman. The Painting Relates To The
Entire Female Community. This Community
Can Understand The Painting And Know What
Picasso Was Trying To Portray. Every Woman
Is Able Understand And Comprehend The
Message Behind This Painting As We All Feel
The Same Way At One Point In Our Lives. I
Believe That This Is A Strong Value In The
Painting. The Weak Value Lies In The Different
Colors That The Painter Chooses. I Found It
Confusing To Interpret Other Areas Of The
Face As The Colors That Were Used Didn’t
Seem To Match Other Locations Of The Face.
- Whether you like it or not or suggest
improvements, etc.
 - Female community can relate to the EVEN A HUMAN BEING WHO STRIVES FOR
artwork. ONENESS IN THE COMMUNITY? STFU!
Now, It's Your Turn.
● Try To Create Your Own Art Criticism. Don't
Worry, We Will Do It Step-By-Step.

The Creation Of Adam

● Michaelangelo
Description
● What Do You See?
Analysis Of Elements
● How Did The Artist Do It?
Interpretation
● Theory
Evaluation
● Do You Like It? Why?
Spolarium

● Juan Luna
Description
● What Do You See?
Analysis
● Interpret The Elements
Interpretation
● Theory
Evaluation
● Do You Like It? Why?
PS:
ETO NA MGA BESSY MAE! Patawarin nyo ang
person for wrong grammar and spelling kasi SINO
BA KAYO PARA MAGREKLAMO? ARE YOU GUYS
Week 8

Forms Of Art

The Different Forms Of Art:

- We are surrounded by different artworks.
● Visual
- Visual in nature. Mainly by looking at it.
- E.g. painting, sculpture, photography,
crafts.
- Ceremonial (praying, etc.), artistic
expression (all of them has it-avenue of
artist to become creative), narrative (tell
a story), functional and persuasive (
communicate ideas to the audience
and have theme different ideas).
● Performing
- Use of voice, body or innanimate
objects. Musical, dance, theather,
spoken poetry,
- Music and dance
- Collaborative- work with other people
but can be done alone and enhances
focus- concentrate on your steps, beat,
count since we have to move synch
with others
● Media
- Created through media technology
- Communicate, challenge and express
own and others ideas
- [photo is not a media art since its not
moving
- Docu, movie, multimedia, etc.

Visual
● Visual In Nature
● Ceremonial, Artistic Expression, Narrative ,
Functional And Persuasive
Performing
● Use Of Voice , Body Or Inanimate Object
● Collaborative And Enhances Focus
Media
● Created Through Use Of New Media And
Technology
● Communicate, Challenge And Express Own
And Others' Ideas
Week 9
PHOTOGRAPHY
WHATISPHOTOGRAPHY?
PHOTOGRAPHY
● Photography is an art form like drawing and
painting- similar to them since its part of the
visual art. Not moving.
- Painters used materials such as water
color, paint, etc. used cameras in a
idffrent ways to record.
● Photographers use their camera to make us
see life in a different way, feel emotions, and
record stories and events.
- Even not mvng it tells lesson or story
BASIC STYLES OF PHOTOGRAPHY
● LANDSCAPE
● PORTRAIT
● DOCUMENTARY
LANDSCAPE
● Landscape is a photograph of the environment.
It could be the forest, mountains, oceans, or
your backyard.
- Not the orientation but the style.
- Phtos of environment, city ligths,
building, houses, etc. outside world
● Ansel Adams is a famous landscape
photographer.
PORTRAIT
● • Portrait photography is a photo of a person or
animal.
- Person or animals
- Subject must show emotion to tell your
story.
- Directing the subject. You manipulate.
● It is important to show an emotion.
● Portraits can be the whole body, half body.
➔ THEDRESSBYSALLYMANN
➔ B OYAN D CAR , N E WYO R K C ITYB
Y J E R O M E L I E B L I N G , 1949
DOCUMENTARY
● Documentary photography presents facts
without changing anything.
- - Position of the the camera
● Good documentary photographs make you
wonder what the story is behind the
photograph.
- Can be landscape or portrait.
- See a moment without manipulating
anything and captures it.
WHAT ARE THE STORIES IN THESE PHO O S ?
WHERE DO YOU FIND DOCUMENTRAY
PHOTOGRAPHS?
● Newspaper
● Magazines
● Books
● Internet
DOCUMENTARY PHOTOGRAPHS CAN BE EITHER
LANDSCAPE OR PORTRAIT
TOOLS IN PHOTOGRAPHY
IMPORTANT TOOLS IN PHOTOGRAPHY
● CONTRAST
● RULE OF THIRDS
● POINT OF VIEW
● PROXIMITY
CONTRAST
● Contrast refers to the brightness between the
light and shadow areas of a picture.
- Shadow area, etc.
- Not just light and shadow but also light
and dark colors.
➔ DOESITHAVECONTRAST?
➔ WHAT DIRECTION IS THE LIGHT ON THE
TREES COMING FROM ?
RULE OF THIRDS
● A photo is more interesting if the subject is
NOT directly in the center. Try placing your
subject 1/3 to the left or right, or 1/3 from top or
bottom.
- Put subject at the middle of the frame.
⅓ part of the frame ung subject.
- Makes you see the subject and the
background
One photograph uses rule of thirds and the
other uses central focus.
➔ CENTRAL FOCUS
- Middle of the frame ung subject
- Focus lang is subject and cannot see
the background or minimal only.
➔ RULE OF THIRDS
- Right side of the frame ung subject.
POINT OF VIEW
● Try selecting an unusual point of view.
- Top or the bottom of the subject, etc.
- Straight angle- directly opposite
(goback recordings..)
PROXIMITY
● Don’t be shy! Get close to your subject.
- How near or how far to the subjects.

8 Mos t Common Photography Effects
BOKEH
● BO K E H is the aesthetic quality of blur, the
out of focus area of the image. It is how the
light renders the lighted areas that are out of
focus
- Can do with mobile phones. Can do it
manually.
- Focus.
- Scattered Light behind the subject to
make this effect much more creative
PANNING
● PANNING is the horizontal, vertical or
rotational movement of an image still or video.
- Bokeh and panning is quite similar
since they focus on a subject
- Pinning the subject is moving-
- Focus of the photgrapher is on a
specific subject, even the subject is
moving, it does not matter, the subject
still clear but not the background.
- Faking panning- manipulattion of
subjects. Subject is not rally moving
naturally.
- Statue cannot be use since its not
moving can only be part of the
background.
- Subject must be moving
RULE OF THIRDS
● Rule of thirds is one of the most basic
techniques of composition. With the rule of
thirds, the photographer breaks down the
photo into thirds, horizontally and vertically so
you have nine equal parts.
- Separate frame into 9 equal parts
- Place the subject in any of the
intersecting lines in grids.
THE GOLDEN HOUR
● The golden hour, also known as the magic
hour, refers to the first hour that the sun rises
and the last hour the sun sets.
Need to patient to capture the sun
- since during noon time or lunch the
light is too harsh. No presence of
horizon.
- light of the sun is softer pag hapon na.
FIBONACCI RATIO
● Fibonacci Ratio or spiral is another guideline
for composition and is an intricate version of
the rule of thirds.
- And rule of thirds is quite the same
- More complicated since it uses spiral;
could be vertical or horizontal
- Begining of the spiral- most interesting
part of the subject is place.
FILL FLASH
● Fill Flash is a technique in photography where
the photographer uses flash to “fill in” dark
areas of the image. It is perfect for backlit
environments
- To combat against the light flash.
- Behind the subject is too bright kase,
ano? Anonas. To fight the light behind
the subject.
- Flash has a very limited range like 1
meter.
CONTRE-JOUR
● Contre-jour is a popular photography effect. It
is French for ‘against daylight’,the camera is
directly pointing towards the light source.
Contre-jour is the fancy speak of ‘silhouette
photography’. The light source is located
directly behind the subject.
- Behind the subject is a light source
- Silhouette or outloine only of the
subject will be capture instead of the
whole profile
LONG EXPOSURE
● Long Exposure is another interesting
photography effect which entails a narrow
aperture and long duration shutter speed. This
is done in order to create dreamy landscapes,
capturing the stationary elements while blurring
the moving elements of the image.
- Shutter of camera is open for a long
period of time then it closes
- It is basically like a video but in photo
format.
- You caan only see the direction of the
light only when you use it into a moving
car with bright tail light.
- Record the totality and direction of the
light
- Taking photos of fireworks
- Using tripod.
- As long as there is a light or movement.
IN CONCLUSION:
★ Art is about exploring yourself and your
medium. After all, to be an artist of your own
you have to learn the basics first.
★
Lecture 10 ● Straight on
● Canted angle
Reel
- Makes it looks like it is moving. PHI FOCUS
- Mounted on the projector to0 move, making it - Where is the mcamera trying to highligh
appear like it is moving. ● Close-up
Lecure Film - Shot is head until chest area
● A series of still images that produces the - To show emotion. Or romantic scene to
illusion of a moving image high light
● Using a motion picture camera, films are ● Extreme close-up
created by photgraphing actual scenes,( by - Focusing on a certain detail of an
photographing miniature models, by means of object or body parts details
computer animation, or by a combination of all ● Medium Shot
these techniques - Head until torsow or waist area or head
FOUR BASIC ELEMENTS OF FILM: until knee area
● Cinematography - Interaction between different
● Sound characters. Daloguie or conversataion
● Editing ● Long shot
● Mise-en-scene (color and editing) - Specific subject but at the same time a
Film Techniques little bit far from the object so you can
● Angles see the backgroud
- How you are holding your camra. - Ratio of the subject to the background
Below to directly to your actor is almost close
● Focus ● Extreme long shot
● Lighting - Taken far far away from the subject. Do
● Color not really focus on the subject.
● Sequence of Film - Ratio of the subject to the background
● Point of View is big or wide.
● Camera movement - Higlihthing the background
CINEMATOGRAPHY
● ANGLES CAMERA MOVEMENTS
ANGLES - Camera is not fixed and it’s moving
● High angle ● Framing: what elements surround the actor
- Tilted downwards - Whatever is enclose or inside the box is
- To denote inferiority , less intimidating part of the film or shot.
- Smaller subject ● Blocking: how the actor is positioned for the
● Low angle shot
- Tilted upwards - Position camera to show them in the
- Superiority , making the character screen or to hide the actor in the screen
powerful or scarier - For hiding or suspense, scary, or horror
● Straight on films.
- Not tilting at all ● Tracking: following an actor
● Canted angle - Whenerver the actor moves, camera is
- Tilting sidewards also moving along with the subject
- To distort reality, show illusion or out of ● Panning: camera movement horizontally
the ordinary. - Camera is fixed but move horizontally.
● Low angle ● Booming: camera movement up or down
● Straight on - It moves up and down
● Canted angle
● High angle
● Low angle
SOUND POINT OF VIEW
● DIEGETIC - 1st person; only seeing what the main
- Whatever the noise pickup during the charater is seeing
shoot - 3rd person: you can see everyone on the
● NON-DIEGETIC scene
- Added sound during post production. Lighting
● Music - pwere
○ • Background music can create a mood ● Natural
or a feeling in the viewer. - Powered by environment
● Soundtrack ● Artificial
○ Recently, popular music has been used - electricity
extensively in films. ● Bright
○ -usually used - Too bright, angel scene or heaven
● Special effects scene
○ Sound and visual effects created by ● Soft
technical methods. - For dim scenario poorly lit area
○ Firworks, addition of sound effects ● Top lighting
EDITING ● Back lighting
● SEQUENCE OF FILM - Light behind the character
- Normally are not shot chronological,lly based ● Side lighting
on the script. Start shooting 3 than 1 ● Under lighting
- Arramgnemnt of the shot since in order. - Light comes from below.
● Shot: all the action filmed in one take COLOR
without distruption - Important in mis-en-scene
- By the time director say action - Give life
● Cut: the conclusion of a shot - Have meaning
- Yells cut - Signify times- flashing back memory
● Take: an attempt to shoot a scene in its ● Black: elegance, sophistication, evil, darkness,
entirety mourning
- Morethan 1 scene or shot. - Flash backs of time
MISE-EN-SCENE ● White: purity, snow, cold, angels
● TO PUT INTO THE SCENE - Kind person, innocent
- Adding different elements to tell your ● Red: passion, aggression, fire, blood, strength
audience the mode of the scene - Brave,
- Not relying on dialogue or sounds. ● Blue: water, life, depression
- french - to put into a scene ● Yellow: cheerfulness, optimism, confidence
- Use of elements
Different elements: SCENES
- Setting and props: location where they would Setting
shoot. Adding materials to turn it to the scene ● Time, place, location, mood, and time span.
they want. You trasform the settings using - When did it happen, place, times,
props. romantic, etc
- Actors and costumes: para bagay setting Sequence
bitch! ● A progression of related scenes.
- Sound: - Linear from start to finish
- Camera angles: high angle, - Non linear begins wiiith the end and
- Editing and cuts rebirths back
Present sila dapat para ma communicate ung Sets
message sa audience. ● An arrangement or display of scenery,
backdrop, or landscape.
 - Titanic or shot in an ocean
Location
● Where the movie is actually being filmed.
- Recorded in a studio not in sea (titanic)
- Arrange the studio to make it look like a
sea or forest location even though
studio lang sya
Plot
● The narrative or progression of events.
- The story itself
CHARACTERS & ACTORS
Dialogue
● The words spoken by the actors.
Body Language
● Non-verbal communication such as facial
expression, eye contact, and posture.
- Posture, etc.
Interaction
● How the characters work together or conflict.
- Chemistry of actors.
Wardrobe or costumes
● The items of clothing that the actors wear to
portray their characters.
Week 12 - You are recording your staff while
Documentary and film setting up their equipment
- Under media arts ARCHIVE
- Follow a script. In docu to show the flow of the ● • Collection of historical documents or records
story. - `old photos or videos that will serve as
- Film creative script an evidence about your topic.
DOCUMENTARY - If subject is 6ft under or dead already.
- To inform and educate Since you cannot interview them.
● Fact + Art = Factual Art THINGS TO CONSIDER WHEN CREATING A
● A film or television program that is educational DOCUMENTARY:
● A film or television program that tells a true ● The story
story. - Great story
ELEMENTS OF A DOCUMENTARY - Relatable.
● INTERVIEW ● Interesting character
● CUTAWAYS - Great characters that fits on the role
● CHILL FOOTAGE - Audience can emphatize on them.
● PROCESS FOOTAGE - Will make them hook on the character
● ARCHIVE ● Quality interviews
- Ask subjects that are appro. And the
INTERVIEW audience might ask in their minds.
● • Utilized to communicate important information - Have as many as you can
about the story ● Striking visuals
- More personal and credible - For it not to be boring
- Alternative for narrators. - Show scenes what the subject is talking
- Narrators are thirdperson about. Not just showeing the face of the
CUTAWAYS character.
● Story-telling ● Sound
- Tell story without the narrator. E.g. - their character is audible via using mic.
documentary about psych student. - Use subtitles.
Secret na sunod dko natandaaan beh ● Take-aways
● Emotional - NEW LEARNING
- Affect the mood of the audience. ● Equipment
Human standdong alone. Old man - WORKING AND ACCESS SA mga
holding flowers wating for a woman. tools. Editing and other equipments
● General neeFhded to finish the docu
- Showing what the scene is about ● Feasibility
overall - Funding. Possibility of creating the
● Close-ups documentary.
- Visual poetry. Any photos. Related or - Resources even sa mga tao na
not related sa topic/scene gagamitn
- To give variety on the scene to change ● Relevance
the scene from long shot to close up - Topic is current and relatable to the
❖ Sort of filler in the documentary to avoid audience.
dead scene
CHILL FOOTAGE
● Observational footage
- Observing the subject,. Not doing
anything. Following the subject using
the camera.
PROCESS FOOTAGE
● • Behind-the scenes footage