PHYSICAL EDUCATION

HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

ASSIGNMENT

Submitted by: Tarun Reddy H.R

Grade X A
Submitted to: Soundarya ma’am
 25 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Q1.) What do you mean by growth and development?
Ans: - Growth is the progressive increase in the size of a child or parts of a child.
Development is progressive acquisition of various skills (abilities) such as head support,
speaking, learning, expressing the feelings and relating with other people.

Q2.) Difference between growth and development.

Ans: - Growth is just 'getting bigger', whereas development is improvement. Growth can
be explained as becoming bigger or larger or having more importance. Growth is termed
as a physical change, whereas development is said to be physical as well as social or
psychological change.
Q3.) Elucidate the growth and development during infancy.
Ans: - By about age 2 weeks, an infant should start to gain weight and grow quickly. By
age 4 to 6 months, an infant's weight should be double their birth weight. During the
second half of the first year of life, growth is not as rapid. Between ages 1 and 2, a toddler
will gain only about 5 pounds (2.2 kilograms)
Q4.) Elaborate the growth and development during childhood.
Ans: - Between ages 2 to 10 years, a child will grow at a steady pace. A final growth spurt
begins at the start of puberty, sometime between ages 9 to 15. The child's nutrient needs
correspond with these changes in growth rates. An infant needs more calories in relation
to size than a preschooler or school-age child needs.
Q5.) Describe the growth and development during adolescence.
Ans: - Adolescence is a time for growth spurts and puberty changes. An adolescent may
grow several inches in several months followed by a period of very slow growth, then have
another growth spurt. Changes with puberty may happen gradually or several signs may
become visible at the same time.
Q6.) Describe the growth and development during adulthood.

Ans: - Adult development encompasses the changes that occur in biological and
psychological domains of human life from the end of adolescence until the end of one's
life. These changes may be gradual or rapid and can reflect positive, negative, or no
change from previous levels of functioning.
Q7.) Discuss the heredity and environmental factors influencing human growth and
development.

Ans: - Heredity is the transmission of physical characteristics from parents to children

through their genes. It influences all aspects of physical appearance such as height,
weight, body structure, the color of the eye, the texture of the hair, and even intelligence
and aptitudes. Diseases and conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, obesity, etc., can
also be passed through genes, thereby affecting the growth and development of the child
adversely. However, environmental factors and nurturing can bring the best out of the
already present qualities in the genes. The environment plays a critical role in the
development of children and it represents the sum total of physical and psychological
stimulation the child receives. Some of the environmental factors influencing early
childhood development involve the physical surroundings and geographical conditions of
the place the child lives in, as well his social environment and relationships with family
and peers. It is easy to understand that a well-nurtured child does better than a deprived
one; the environment children are constantly immersed in contributes to this. A good
school and a loving family build in children strong social and interpersonal skills, which will
enable them to excel in other areas such as academics and extracurricular activities. This
will, of course, be different for children who are raised in stressful environments.
Q8.) How do gender and nationality influence human growth and development? Discuss in
brief.
Ans: - Gender also affects physical growth in infancy. Weight, length, and head
circumference are greater in boys than in girls throughout the first year of life (Geary,
Pringle, Rodeck, Kingdom, & Hindmarsh, 2003). These growth differences are related to
hormonal differences between boys and girls. These include physical, emotional, social,
economic and environmental factors. Knowledge of these factors is needed to be able to
understand the affects they have on the physical, intellectual, emotional and social
development, as well as an individual's self-concept.
Q9.) Elaborate the role of nutrition in human growth and development.
Ans: - Adequate nutrition is one of the important factors influencing growth & immunity. A
balanced diet must contain sufficient amount of carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins,
minerals and fiber in the required amounts. Each of these nutrients has a vital role in the
all-round growth and development of children.

Q10.) Discuss the personal factors which influence human growth and development.
Ans: - The most important reasons behind this are better nutrition, better facilities, regular
meals, sleep, and exercise. Family size also influences growth rate as in big families with
limited income sometimes have children that do not get the proper nutrition and hence
the growth is affected.
Q11.) “Nutrition is very essential for a growing child.” Justify this statement.
Ans: - This statement justifies the sufficient intake of healthy foods and drinks provides the
energy and nutrients needed to grow. A diet inclusive of calcium and other vitamins will
allow for optimum physical and skeletal growth. The quality and amount of food your
child consumes can impact their brain development.
Q12.) “Heredity as well as environment plays a significant role in making you what you
are.” Justify this statement.
Ans: - Heredity refers to the genetic inheritance received by every individual at the time of
conception. The origin of every human life can be traced to a single cell called zygote. It is
formed by the union of sperm and ovum. Like heredity, environment also has been found
to play a very important role in determining the behavior and personality development of
an individual. The environmental influences are those which act upon the organism at the
earlier stages of development, i.e., before and also after birth. Environment includes all
the extrinsic forces, influences and conditions which affect the life, nature, behavior, the
growth, development and maturation of living organism.

Q13.) Mention the different factors which influence human growth and development.
Ans: - Factors Affecting the Growth and Development of Children are: - Heredity,
Environment, Gender & Hormones.
Q14.) How do glands affect growth and development?

Ans: - Endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream. This lets the hormones
travel to cells in other parts of the body. The endocrine hormones help control mood,
growth and development, the way our organs work, metabolism, and reproduction. The
endocrine system regulates how much of each hormone is released.

Q15.) Do physical exercises play a role in growth and development? Explain in brief.
Ans: - Physical activities promotes healthy growth and development. It helps build a
healthier body composition, stronger bones and muscles. It also improves the child's
cardiovascular fitness. Physical activities help in the development of better motor skills
and in concentration and thinking skills.
Q16.) Attachment bonds formed in childhood years have long-term effects. Explain taking
examples from daily life.
Ans: - Attachment bonds formed in childhood years have long term effects because these
are notably developed between the parents and children. These bonds determine the level
of trust and perception of the would during the formative years of childhood, e.g., a child
growing up in a secure family, with sensitive, responsive and affectionate parents will is
not them.
Q17.) What is development? How is it different from growth and maturation?
Ans: - Development is a process by which an individual grows and changes throughout the
life cycle. The term Development refers to the changes that have a direction and hold
definite relationship with what precedes it includes changes in size (physical growth),
changes in proportion (child to adult), changes in features (disappearance of baby teeth)
and acquiring new features. Development includes growth as one of its aspects.
Growth refers to an increase in the size of body parts or of the organism as a whole.
It can be measured or quantified, e.g., growth in height and weight. Maturation refers to
the changes that follow an orderly sequence and are largely dictated by the genetic
blueprint which produces commonalities in our growth and” development.

Q18.) Describe the main features of life-span perspective on development.

Ans: - The term development means a progressive series of changes that occur as a result
of maturation and experience. Development implies qualitative changes in behavior.
Development does not consist merely of adding inches to one’s height or of improving
one’s ability. It is a complex process of integrating many structures and functions.

Q19.) What are developmental tasks? Explain by giving examples.

Ans: - A task which arises at or about a certain period in the life of the individual,
successful achievement of which leads to happiness and to success with later tasks.
Some tasks arise mainly as a result of physical maturation, such as learning to walk.
Others develop primarily from the cultural pressures of society, such as learning to read;
and still others grow out of the personal values to read.
Q20.) ‘Environment of the child has a major role in the development of the child’. Support
your answer with examples.

Ans: - Environment of the child has a major role to play in the development of the child
because it includes the surroundings in which the child develops various cognitive and
motor skills. It also influences the physical development of the child according to the limits
set by genetic characteristics.