PRACTICAL GRAMMAR

The evaluation will consist of a written exam (8 p). Students can earn 2 points
during the semester by submitting two assignments on the e-learning platform in due
time:
Homework 1 (CP 5) - 1 point AND Homework 2 (CP 6) - 1 point.

The exam will include exercises dealing with the aspects listed below.

TOPICS

CP1: PUNCTUATION AND CAPITALIZATION IN ENGLISH

CP2&3: THE VERB - TENSES
CP4: ACTIVE VOICE & PASSIVE VOICE
CP5: CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
CP6: OTHER PARTS OF SPEECH
CP7: REVISION

CP1

DICTATION & PUNCTUATION AND CAPITALIZATION IN ENGLISH

PUNCTUATION MARKS IN ENGLISH:

apostrophe (‘), colon (:), semi-colon (;), comma (,), exclamation mark (!), question
mark (?), quotation marks (“”, ‘’), dash (―), slash (/), brackets ([]), parentheses (),
hyphen (-), period/full stop (.), ellipsis (. . .)

I. Punctuate the following fragments:

1. John was furious he stormed out of the house slamming the door behind him never
again would he try to help anyone he’d gone to see Peter to offer financial aid and
Peter had angrily thrown his offer back in his face surely he could have shown some
gratitude now he would be late for work and he had an early appointment with an
important client.

2. The sun shone down from a brilliant blue sky the slight breeze ruffled the long
grass the scent of roses was all around and the birds were twittering happily in the
trees Emma who had been feeling sad suddenly felt more cheerful the summer had
come at last hadn’t it while she wandered down the garden path she thought about
the letter she’d received that morning.

3. The team those who were present lined up to meet the new manager they had had
a bad season Clive hoped Brian would improve their chance of promotion at the
moment the team was a disaster the goalkeeper never saw the ball until it was too
late the defence players were too slow and the captain was indecisive.

4. I don’t believe it she exclaimed

Why not he enquired
Surely it could not be true why hadn’t she been told before it wasn’t fair why was she
always the last to hear anything if she’d been the one going to New York she’d

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probably only have heard about it after she should have left why had Pat been offered
the chance of a lifetime hadn’t she worked just as hard.

II. Put apostrophes in the following passage:

Carefully he picked up Johns bundle. It wasnt very heavy. He glanced warily at the
caves entrance. It was very dark. The picnic baskets still lay where theyd been
thrown. He stepped into the cave and almost fell over a pile of little rubber tubes that
looked like mices tails. Inside there was a boulder of rock. Its smooth surface
glistened like gold. Johns hands shook. He wished hed stayed with his brothers. His
parents quarrel had upset him and that was why hed run away. In a weeks time they
were going on holiday. He wished now that hed stayed at home as hed been told.

SOME RULES OF CAPITALIZATION IN ENGLISH:

Basically, capitalization falls into two categories:

- Capitalize all proper nouns. These include names, geographical places, specific
historical events, eras, and documents, languages, nationalities, countries, and races.
- Capitalize the first word at the beginning of a sentence.

In addition:
- Capitalize titles used before a person’s name, e.g. President Bush
- Capitalize the major words in titles of books, plays, movies, newspapers, and
magazines.
Do not capitalize the articles: a, an, the
Do not capitalize prepositions: at, by, for, of, in, up, on, so, on, to, etc.
Do not capitalize conjunctions: and, as, but, if, or, nor
In effect, any word with more than four letters in a title gets capitalized.
- Capitalize the names of languages, nationalities, countries, and ethnic and racial
identifications
- Capitalize proper adjectives formed from proper nouns.
- Capitalize names of days, months, and holidays

III. True-False Questions

1. Capitalize all proper nouns.

2. Capitalize proper names and names of geographical places, specific historical
events, eras, documents, languages, nationalities, countries, and races.
3. Capitalize the first word at the beginning of a sentence.
4. Capitalize only the last part of a person’s name.
5. A personal name that is used as a common noun is capitalized, as in “Watt” and
“Kelvin.”
6. Capitalize titles used before a person’s name.
7. Capitalize only the first part of a compound title, as in “Vice president.”
8. Capitalize the major words in titles of books, plays, movies, newspapers, and
magazines.
9. Capitalize proper adjectives formed from proper nouns.
10. Always capitalize the prefix attached to a proper adjective.

IV. Completion Questions

Select the word that best completes each sentence.

1. The reception will be held at the (vanderbilt, Vanderbilt) at 8:00 (p.m., P.M.).

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2. The (Crab Nebula, crab nebula) star cluster was visible in the sky from our
(Balcony, balcony).
3. The children’s book (author, Author) was thrilled to win a (McArthur, MCArthur,
Mcarthur) Fellowship.
4. After the explosion, (I, i) quickly took cover.
5. The letter began (dear Ms. Snodgrass, Dear ms. Snodgrass, Dear Ms. Snodgrass).
6. The letter ended (Yours Very truly, yours very truly, Yours very truly,).
7. The (commencement, Commencement) speaker was Reggie Monsanto, (M.A.,
m.a.).
8. The bones dated back to 2,000 (b.C., B.C.).
9. We looked at apartments on Waverly (Blvd., blvd.). Smith (ste. Str., St.), and
Dorothy (Dr., dr.)
10. The lumber was 4 (FT, ft., Fte.) long.

QUIZ YOURSELF ON THE OXFORD COMMA

https://www.dictionary.com/games/quizzes/quiz-yourself-on-the-oxford-comma

CP2&3

THE VERB

Here are different things we find out from a verb form:

- Tense (when the action takes place: past, present, or future)
- Aspect (the action is seen as a whole – SIMPLE; in progress – CONTINUOUS or
PROGRESSIVE; as covering a period of time before or up to the time being referred to,
or as being relevant to the time referred to – PERFECT)
- Mood (the attitude expressed by the speaker toward the action)
- Voice (whether the subject acts or is acted upon: the active or passive voice)
- Person (who or what experiences the action)
- Number (how many subjects act or receive the action)

I. Fill in the following chart with the forms for the verb to walk:

Tense/Aspect Present Past Future

Simple walk(s)
Progressive am/is/are walking
Perfect
Perfect
Progressive

PAST TENSES

II. Write the a) interrogative, b) negative form of three sentences extracted

from the following texts:

a. And then she saw Martin, right over on the other side of the roof. She hid in the
shadows and watched him. She could see he’d done things properly: He’d brought a
little stepladder and some wire cutters, and he’d managed to climb over the top like

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that. And he was just sitting on the ledge, dangling his feet, looking down, taking nips
out of a little hip flask, smoking, and thinking, while she waited.

b. What she said made him laugh. Maureen went to the other side of the roof and sat
down with her back against the far wall. He turned around and lowered himself back
onto the ledge. But he couldn’t concentrate. The moment had gone. (...) Before
Maureen arrived he’d been in the zone; he was in a place where it would have been
easy to push himself off. He was entirely focused on all the reasons he was up there in
the first place; he understood with a horrible clarity the impossibility of attempting to
resume life down on the ground.

c. A long time ago, when he was eight or nine, he saw this program on telly about the
history of the Beatles. Jen liked the Beatles, so she was the one who made him watch
it, but he didn’t mind. (...) Anyway, when Ringo joined you sort of felt this little
shiver, because that was it, then, that was the four of them, and they were ready to
go off and be the most famous group in history.

(adapted from Nick Hornby, A Long Way Down)

QUIZ YOURSELF ON WAS AND WERE

https://www.dictionary.com/games/quizzes/quiz-yourself-on-was-vs-were

III. Match the uses of the Past Tenses illustrated in the following sentences
with the values listed below:

1. John has been thinking about buying a new car.

2. I was taking a bath when you called, so I couldn’t answer the phone.
3. I ate breakfast at 7:00 this morning before I went to work.
4. Hoku has seen that movie eight times.
5. I’ve never seen a flying elephant.
6. Barney had been studying for six hours when he fell asleep at his desk.
7. At 5:00, Fred had finished work for the day.

a. For most actions in the past

b. When I need to make it clear that this action was in progress when something
happened
c. When I want to show that an action started in the past and has continued until now
d. When I want to show that an action happened before something in the past
e. When I need to make it clear that this action was happening over time before
another action (or a time) in the past
f. For actions that have never happened in someone’s life
g. For repeated actions that might happen again

IV. Use the Past Tense, simple or continuous, for the following verbs:

1. He came in while I (to work).

2. What (you, to do) yesterday at this time?
3. William the Conqueror (to land) in England in 1066.
4. As he (to cross) the road, he slipped and fell.
5. My friend Tommy (to come) to see me yesterday.
6. When I came home, your dog (to sleep) in my armchair.

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7. I lost my wrist-watch while I (to walk) through the garden.
8. I (to have) my breakfast when the bell rang.
9. My friend (to send) me some books the other day.
10. I (to know) him quite well when I was young.

V. Read the following pairs of sentences and decide whether the two
sentences mean the same thing, and thus are both grammatically correct.

A. While John studied for his history test, Ludwig watched TV.
While John was studying for his history test, Ludwig was watching TV.

B. Ward drove to work when his car ran out of gas.

Ward was driving to work when his car ran out of gas.

C. When Lucy called, Fred and Ethyl ate dinner, so they didn’t answer the phone.
When Lucy called, Fred and Ethyl were eating dinner, so they didn’t answer
the phone.

D. Miguel played soccer all yesterday afternoon.

Miguel was playing soccer all yesterday afternoon.

E. When I backed my car out of the driveway, a red Toyota suddenly hit the rear
of my car.
When I backed my car out of the driveway, a red Toyota suddenly was hitting
the rear of my car.

V. Сircle the lеttеr of thе corrеct answer to complеtе eaсh sentence.

1. Roger ............................ me at 9:00 last night.

a. сalled c. used to сalled
b. сalls d. сalling

2. Sara didn’t hear the phone. Shе ....................

a. slеeps c. used to sleep
b. slеpt d. was sleeping

3. Riсk left сlass early bесause he ........................... a headaсhе.

a. had c. used to have
b. havе d. was having

4. As soon as the light turnеd red, she ...................... thе сar.

a. did stop c. stops
b. stopped d. was stopping

5. Johnny .......................... the paper when I interruptеd him.

a. read c. was reading
b. reads d. were reading

VI. TRUЕ or FALSE. Rеad each numberеd sentеnce. Writе T (Truе) or F

(False) for each statement that follows. Writе a question mark (?) if thеrе is
not еnough information.

1. While Tanya was watсhing the Winter olympiсs on TV, Mikael was shoveling snow.
First Mikael finished shоvеling snow. Then Tanya started watсhing TV.

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2. In this photo, I was putting on my boots.
I was wеaring boots in the phоto.
3. At 5:00, they were drinking hоt сhoсolate bу the fire.
We don’t knоw whеn thеy startеd drinking hot сhoсolatе.
4. Last night, I was reading an artiсle about skiing in Moroссo.
I finished the artiсle.
5. At 10:00, he drank a сup of сoffeе.
He finished the сoffee.
6. It was snowing while shе was taking the phоtograph.
First shе took thе photоgraph. Then it started to snow.

VII. Complete the following fragments with the correct past tense of the verb
in brackets:
a. At 10 o’clock, when I 1 ………………………… (arrive) at home, my sister still 2
………………………… (work) on the translation that she 3 …………………………
(start) three hours before.
b. Asking her what she 4 ………………………… (do) all that time, she 5
………………………… (tell) me that she 6 ………………………… (work) hard, but she
7 ………………………… (be interrupted) repeatedly by the phone.
c. When she 8 ………………………… (add) that, in most cases, the people on the
phone 9 ………………………… (ask) her about some flat for sale, I 10
………………………… (understand) exactly what 11 ………………………… (happen).
d. About one week before, I 12 ………………………… (allow) Tom, a friend of mine,
to use my phone number in an ad for the sale of his flat and I 13
………………………… (agree) to stay at home that day in order to give information to
all those interested; however, meanwhile, it completely 14 …………………………
(slip) my mind.
e. When I 15 ………………………… (realise) my mistake, I 16 …………………………
(feel) guilty to both Tom and my sister.
f. I just 17 ………………………… (think) how I could make things right when Tom
himself 18 ………………………… (call) me.
g. By the time I 19 ………………………… (have) the time to make an excuse, he
already 20 ………………………… (tell) me that he 21 ………………………… (change)
his mind about selling his flat.
h. He 22 ………………………… (thank) me for having allowed him to use my phone
number and, then, he 23 ………………………… (hang up).
i. After that, I 24 ………………………… (feel) relieved and I 25 …………………………
(decide) to make it up to my sister.

VIII. Sort these examples into two groups — those where d represents had
and those where it does not.
1. I’d rather not, if you don’t mind.
2. I’d be delighted.
3. She’d already got one.
4. He’d done it.
5. What’d they done about it?
6. He’d be surprised.
7. How long’d you been waiting?
8. Who’d’ve thought that it was him?!

QUIZ YOURSELF ON BEEN AND BEING

https://www.dictionary.com/games/quizzes/been-vs-being-quiz

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PRESENT TENSES

I. Write the a) interrogative, b) negative form of three sentences extracted

from the following texts:

a. The body is often likened to a machine but it is much more than that. It works
twenty-four hours a day for decades without (for the most part) needing regular
servicing or the installation of spare parts, runs on water and a few organic
compounds, is soft and rather lovely, is mobile and pliant, makes jokes, feels
affection, appreciates a red sunset and a cooling breeze.

b. Skin colour has been changing over a much longer period, but it hasn’t been a
straightforward process. (…) Indigenous populations in South America, for instance,
are lighter skinned than would be expected at the latitudes they inhabit. They have
always lived under a desert sun and have never migrated any great distance.

c. Allergy rates vary across the world from about 10-40 per cent, with the rates
closely following economic performance. The richer the country, the more allergies its
citizens get. Most allergies cause discomfort, but some can be life-threatening. About
seven hundred people a year die in America from anaphylaxis, an extreme allergic
reaction.
(adapted from Bill Bryson, The Body)

II. Match the uses of the Present Tenses illustrated in the following
sentences with the values listed below:

1. Norton isn’t home now. He’s studying at the library.

2. I don’t drive to work; I usually take the bus.
3. Fred and Ethyl are having a party next Friday.
4. Martin is working at the library this semester, but he isn’t there now because
today’s Sunday and the library’s closed
5. Rocks don’t float. They sink.

a. For a present habit

b. For something that is always or usually true
c. For an action happening right now
d. For an action that isn’t finished yet
e. For plans in the future

III. (a)Identify the uses of the Present Tense Simple illustrated in the
sentences given below:

(1) Wood floats on water.

(2) I play tennis regularly.
(3) I take three eggs... I break them into a bowl...
(4) I’ll ask him when I see him.
(5) I pronounce you man and wife.
(6) We leave from Paddington tomorrow morning at 7.30.

(b) Sort these examples into two groups. Say what the general difference of
meaning is between the two groups.
1. It’s raining again. 6. I’m waiting for a phone call.
2. I’m staying in a hotel in George Street. 7. I’m afraid she’s not feeling well.

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3. I’m not feeling very well. 8. It rains quite a lot in the North.
4 .I come from Birmingham. 9. It takes about an hour and a half.
5. He drives an old Ford Escort. 10. Are you taking your umbrella?

IV. Read the following fragment. Which use of the present tense simple does
it illustrate?

Romeo and Juliet tells the tragic story of two young lovers. Two families in the town
of Verona, the Capulets and the Montagues, hate one another. Romeo is the son of
the Montague family and Juliet is the daughter of the Capulets. Romeo and Juliet
meet at a party, fall in love, and secretly make plans to get married. Soon after the
young couple marry, Juliet’s cousin, Tybalt, kills Romeo’s closest friend. Romeo, in a
blind rage, kills Tybalt. This starts a series of events that ends in the two lovers’
deaths.

V. Use the present tense continuous for the following verbs:

1. What (she, to do) now? She (to read) the newspaper.
2. All the boys (to play) football on the stadium.
3. What (the orchestra, to play)?
4. Mr Brown (to write) a letter now.
5. I (to open) all the windows of my room.
6. He (to shut) the front door.
7. Mary (not to learn) her English lesson; she (to sleep) now.
8. Where (you, to go) in such a hurry?
9. It (to rain) heavily.
10. (You, to read) today‘s newspaper?
11. Little Tommy (to eat) an ice-cream; his father (to smoke) a cigarette.
12. Mary‘s sister (to look) out of the window at the people in the street.

Some Common Stative Verbs

agree doubt love remember
amaze envy look* resemble
appreciate equal matter see*
be* exist mean seem
believe fear mind* smell*
belong feel* need sound
care* forget owe taste*
concern hate own think*
consist have* please understand
contain hear possess want
dislike know prefer wish
disagree like recognize weigh*

The verbs are marked with asterisk (*) are stative verbs which are also
often used as active verbs (verbs that use simple present and present
progressive the same way that most verbs do).

Compare:
a. Maria thinks (believes) that English is difficult to learn.
b. Ralph is thinking about buying a new bowling ball.

a. Mickey and Minnie have (own) a dog named Pluto.

b. Mickey and Minnie are having (giving/throwing) a party!

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 a. This milk tastes sour.
b. The cook is tasting the soup to make sure it’s okay.

a. My cat weighs six pounds.

b. The grocer is weighing some apples.

VI. Сircle the lеttеr of thе corrеct answer to complеtе eaсh sentence.

1. ........................... ready for sсhool? It's already 7 o’clock.

a. Do you gеt c. You get
b. Are you getting d. Yоu are getting

2. Niсk ............................ to Grеесe every yеar to visit his family.

a. is gоing c. go
b. he goеs d. goes

3. What .......................... these days?

a. are you doing c. you are doing
b. do yоu do d. you do

4. Harry wоrks all the time. Hе ...................................

a. never relaxеs c. often relaxes
b. relaxes nevеr d. relaxes sometimеs

5. The baby’s so big! How muсh .......................... now?

a. weigh c. is shе weighing
b. she weighs d. dоes she weigh

VII. Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or present continuous.

a. Debbie 1 ………………………… (work) as an administrator at the university. She 2

………………………… (organise) all the timetables and teaching schedules. She 3
………………………… (work) very long hours at the moment because it’s the start of the
academic year but she 4 ………………………… (go) on a short holiday at the end of the
month.

b. Simon and Sylvia 5 ………………………… (stay) in a cottage in the Yorkshire Dales

this month. The cottage 6 ………………………… (belong) to a cousin of Sylvia’s but the
cousin is away: she 7 ………………………… (cycle) around Norfolk for a few weeks.
Simon and Sylvia often 8 ………………………… (use) the cottage when Sylvia’s cousin is
away. They really 9 ………………………… (enjoy) being in the middle of the countryside.

c. The International School for Languages 10 ………………………… (do) very well at the
moment. About two hundred students 11 ………………………… (take) evening classes
this term. Many of them 12 …………………………. (need) to learn a new language to
improve their job prospects but some of them 13 ………………………… (learn) a new
language purely for pleasure. The European languages 14 ………………………… (be)
very popular but Japanese and Russian 15 ………………………… (get) more popular too.
The school 16 ………………………… (provide) good learning facilities and 17
………………………… (organise) a range of study tours.

d. The world population 18 ………………………… (still increase) rapidly. Many people in

the world 19 ………………………… (already starve) and many more 20

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………………………… (suffer) from malnutrition. The population 21 …………………………
(grow) fastest in the poorest countries where people 22 ………………………… (need) to
have children to look after them in their old age and where many of their children 23
………………………… (die) at a very young age.

VIII. TRUЕ or FALSE. Rеad each numberеd sentеnce. Writе T (Truе) or F

(False) for each statement that follows.

1. Professor Owеn has bееn reading a book about elеphants.

Shе finished the book.
2. She's read a book about elephants.
Shе finishеd the book.
3. Shе’s writtеn a magazine artiсle about thе rain forest.
Shе finishеd the artiсle.
4. She’s bеen waiting for some supplies.
She reсeived the supplies.
5.They've livеd in Uganda sinсe 1992.
Thеy are still in Uganda.
6. They’ve bеen living in Uganda sinсе 1992.
They still livе in Uganda.

QUIZ YOURSELF ON IT IS AND ITS

https://www.dictionary.com/games/quizzes/quiz-yourself-on-its-vs-its

THE FUTURE

I. Write the a) interrogative, b) negative form of three sentences extracted

from the following texts:

a. NASA’s future will continue to be a story of human exploration, technology, and

science. We will go back to the Moon to learn more about what it will take to support
human exploration to Mars and beyond. We will continue to nurture the development
of a vibrant low-Earth orbit economy that builds on the work done to date by the
International Space Station. NASA engineers will develop new technologies to improve
air transport at home and meet the challenges of advanced space exploration.
(https://www.nasa.gov/specials/60counting/future.html)

b. NASA will establish sustainable lunar exploration by the end of the decade as part
of the Artemis program, while it is getting ready for human exploration of Mars. (…)
When NASA’s Perseverance rover lands on Mars on Feb. 18, the robotic astrobiologist
and geologist are going to search for signs of ancient life and to collect rock and soil
samples. As part of the mission, NASA will deploy the Ingenuity helicopter from the
rover in the first demonstration of rotorcraft on another planet. The agency also will
attempt to produce oxygen from the Martian atmosphere – a critical step for future
human exploration of the Red Planet.
(https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-perseveres-through-pandemic-looks-ahead-in-
2021)

II. Professor Grееn is attеnding a confеrеnсе this weеk. Reаd her

convеrsation with Profеssor Russ. Underlinе all thе verbs that rеfer to thе
future.

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Russ: Еllеn! It’s niсе to see you. Are you presеnting a paper this wеek?
Green: Hi, Riсk. Yes. In faсt, my talk starts at two o’сloсk.
Russ: Oh, maybe I'll go. What are you going to talk about? Robots?
Green: Yеs. I’m foсusing on pеrsonal rоbots for housеhold work.
Russ: I'd like one of those! Where's your son, by the way? Is he hеre with you?
Green: No. Tony stays in Denver with his grandparеnts in thе summеr. I'm going to
visit him after the сonferenсe. Sо, what are you working on these days?
Russ: I'm still with the Mars Assoсiation. In faсt, we're going to be holding a news
сonferеnсе nеxt month about the Мars shuttlе launсh.
Green: That's eхсiting. Maybe I'll see you there.
Russ: Great. The сonferenсe begins at noon on the tenth.

III. Match the uses of the tenses illustrated in the following sentences with
the values listed below:

1. When Ralph gets home tomorrow night, he’s going to take Alice out to dinner.
2. Ralph and Alice are going to visit Yosemite National Park next month.
3. Fred’s plane will arrive at 8:00.
4. If Yoko buys a car next Friday, she’ll drive it to school on Monday.
5. Next September, I will have been working at Chabot for 10 years.
6. The train always leaves at 12:00. If you get to the station at 12:05, the train will
have already left.
7. When Lucy’s plane arrives tomorrow, Ricky will be waiting for her at the airport.

a. For predictions (things we think will happen)

b. For actions that will be happening over time when something happens
c. For future plans
d. For time clauses in the future
e. For if-clauses in the future
f. When I need to make it clear that this action will be finished before something in
the future
g. When I need to make it clear that this action will happen over time before
something in the future

IV. Sort these sentences into two groups. What is the difference between
them?

1. It’s going to rain. 5. Where are you going?

2. What are we going to do about it? 6. We’re going to Ibiza this summer.
3. Are you going to tell anybody? 7. Are you going to go to the match on
Saturday?
4. I’m going to the cinema this evening. 8. Is anyone going with you?

V. Choose the correct verb form in each case and give reasons for your
choice:

1. After I will go / go to the store tomorrow, I’ll give you a call.

2. Before Trixie will leave / leaves for school next Tuesday, she’s going to do her
English homework.
3. When Mohammed will get / gets home tonight, he will cook dinner and then help
his kids with their homework.
4. If John will find / finds a new job, he’s going to have a party.
5. I’ll be at the library tonight if you will need / need to find me.

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VI. Put the verbs in brackets into the will future or the future continuous.
i.
A: Would you like to come over for lunch on Saturday?
B: Well, unfortunately, I 1 ………………………… (work) all day Saturday.
A: Oh, that’s a shame. Well, you 2 ………………………… (have to come over)
another day. I 3 ………………………… (talk) to Andy about it and I 4
………………………… (phone) you on Sunday. 5 ………………………… (you/be) in
then?
B: Yes, definitely. I 6 ………………………… (recover) from my week’s work.

ii.
A: 7 ………………………… (you/go) to the meeting tonight? If so, I 8 …………………
(give) you a lift there.
B: Oh yes, please, that would be helpful. I 9 ………………………… (play) tennis until
7 o’clock but I 10 ………………………… (be) back shortly after that.
A: O.K. I 11 ………………………… (pick you up) at about 7.30. 12 ……………………
(you/be) ready by then?
B. Yes. Don’t worry. I 13 ………………………… (wait) for you when you get here.

VII. TRUЕ or FALSE. Rеad each numberеd sentеnce. Writе T (Truе) or F

(False) for each statement that follows.

1. By this timе tomorrow I’ll havе dесidеd whiсh сar to buy.

I haven't deсided yet whiсh сar I'm going to buy.
2. Wе’ll have already finished the groсery shopping by the time you get homе.
You will get home while we are shopping.
3. By nеxt year Mary will havе bееn working at the newspapеr for five years.
Nеxt year, Mary сan сеlebratе her fifth anniversarу at the newspaper.
4. By ten o’сloсk, shе won't have finished writing her сolumn yet.
Shе will finish writing at tеn о'сloсk.
5. Wе will havе moved to a larger offiсе by the year 2010.
We will move to a larger offiсe after the yеar 2010.
6. By next year, we'll havе bеen publishing the newsletter for fifteen years.
We startеd the newslettеr less than fifteen years ago.

VIII. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate future constructions:

a) By this time tomorrow, we ………………………… (find out) who has won the trip to
London.
b) I ………………………… (apply) for that scholarship as soon as I get my teacher’s
recommendation.
c) He refused the invitation saying that he ………………………… (work) late all week.
d) Everybody ………………………… (go) to our national team’s match on Wednesday.
e) I can’t go to the movies tomorrow afternoon; between 5 and 10 p.m., I
………………………… (look after) my niece.
f) They ………………………… (travel) non-stop through the desert for three days
before they get to an oasis.
g) If you want me to enjoy the play, you ………………………… (stop) bothering me.
h) Last April, the government guaranteed that work on the new buildings
……………………… (complete) by the end of the year.
i) Her terrified look warned me that she ………………………… (do) something
irrational.
j) Unless her parents let her throw a party, she ………………………… (feel) very
lonely on her birthday.

12
IX. Сircle the lеttеr of thе corrеct answer to complеtе eaсh sentence.

1. The paсkage will .................... on Monday.

a. arrive c. arriving
b. arrives d.be going to arrive

2. Bill will be ....................... to Taipei tomorrow.

a. flies c. fly
b. flying d. have flown

3. By next year, Roger will ..................... here for ten yеars.

a. live c. havе been living
b. be living d. be going tо livе

4. They’ll bе making сopies while he ...................... the report.

a. finishes c. ‘ll finish
b. ‘ll bе finishing d. ‘s been finishing

5. Will you buy an eleсtriс сar whеn they .......................... availablе?

a. bесоme c. are beсoming
b. beсame d. will beсome

X. Put the verbs in brackets into the tense indicated. Choose between the
simple aspect and the continuous aspect.

Jenny and Francesca, two friends, are talking.

J: So what is it that 1 is worrying (worry - present) you?
F: Well, I just 2 ………………………… (not see - present) a way out of my problems
with my boss.
J: Why? What 3 ………………………… (go on - present perfect)?
F: Well, we 4 ………………………… (go out - past) for dinner about a month ago and I 5
………………………… (think - present) he 6 ………………………… (assume - past) that I
7 ………………………… (be interested - past) in going out with him regularly, but I'm not.
J: 8 ………………………… (you/tell - past) him that?
F: Yes, of course I have, but he just 9 ………………………… (not seem - present) to
understand. Take yesterday, for example, I 10 ………………………… (work - past)
hard on my monthly report when he 11 ………………………… (come up - past) to me
and 12 ………………………… (put - past) his arm round my shoulder. I really 13
………………………… (not like - present) him doing that.
J: No, of course. I 14 ………………………… (suppose - present) he 15 ……………………
(not believe - present) you’re not interested in him.
F: No. And he 16 ………………………… (get - present) worse all the time. And I 17
………………………… (get - present) more and more fed up with it. In fact, I 18
………………………… (think - present) of leaving.
J: But 19 ………………………… (you really want - present) to leave?
F: Well no, but I 20 ………………………… (not want - present) to be treated like this. Oh
well, he’s not here today, thank goodness. He 21 ………………………… (attend - present)
a conference in Birmingham. I 22 ………………………… (expect - present) he 23
………………………… (talk - present) to all the attractive women and 24
………………………… (try - present) to find someone to have dinner with.
J: I can tell you really 25 ………………………… (dislike - present) him.

13
XI. Ask questions about the underlined parts in the following sentences:
a. The post arrives once a week.
b. Leo usually travels to work by train.
c. She reads detective novels mostly.
d. Jimmy spends his free time playing computer games.
e. The car belongs to John.
f. She is wearing a blue dress.
g. The waiters are pouring drinks.
h. Lady Morley is talking to her dog in Japanese.
i. Seven guests are sleeping in the kitchen.
j. The first act has just finished.
k. The curtains have shrunk.
l. The race hasn’t started yet because of the rain.
m. They have accused him of murder.
n. We’ve lived here all our lives.
o. We heard an explosion.
p. I found these cheap shoes in a little shop.
q. Tom usually mows the lawn.
r. My cat is making that noise.
s. The child’s parents will pay for this broken window.

XII. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays
the same:

a. Are you familiar with this saying?

DO YOU KNOW ...
b. They last saw their eldest son three years ago.
THEY HAVEN’T...
c. I haven’t drunk a good wine for years.
IT’S YEARS ...
d. Five months ago Roger started the law school.
ROGER HAS...
e. Is this your wife’s first visit to London?
HAS YOUR WIFE ...
f. I haven’t had my car washed for more than two months.
I LAST...
g. It was her son’s first visit to a museum.
IT WAS THE FIRST TIME THAT...
h. They had plans to go to the cinema that evening.
THEY WERE...
i. Tom used to call us late at night, an act which really annoyed us all.
TOM…
j. When we talked at the end of last year, her book was not ready yet.
BY THE END OF LAST YEAR, SHE ...
k. Your sister waited for you about an hour, but then she left.
AFTER SHE ...
l. It’s ages since I last invited someone to my place.
I ...

XIII. Translate into English:

1. Deseori încep câte o carte şi o las apoi neterminată.

2. Când mă duc să vorbesc cu el despre afaceri, mănâncă tot timpul.

14
3. Sora ei vitregă tocmai a căzut de pe o stâncă şi s-a lovit la cot.
4. N-am avut niciodată niciun regret că am renunţat la chimie.
5. Unde şi-a ascuns dirijorul peruca şi de când ţine el publicul să-l aştepte?
6. Tablourile pictorului erau privite cu interes de vizitatori.
7. Fizicianul câştigase deja premiul Nobel când s-a retras din grupul vostru.
8. Ascult concertul acesta de când a început să ningă, de la şapte.
9. Aştept aici de mai bine de o oră şi nu te-am văzut venind.
10. Cofetarul a dat adesea cu împrumut patiserului făina lui, iar acesta o foloseşte pe
gratis de când şi-a deschis patiseria.
11. Când l-am cunoscut, lucra ca arhitect din ziua când a absolvit liceul.
12. De obicei predă engleza, dar semestrul acesta predă latina.
13. Omul intră, se așeză la o masă și chemă chelnerul.
14. Până a venit Paul cu pâinea, noi am terminat deja micul dejun.
15. Când am ajuns la gară, mi s-a spus că trenul a plecat deja.
16. Locuiam la Brașov de cincisprezece ani când ne-am hotărât să ne mutăm în
capitală.
17. Până la următorul târg de carte se vor fi publicat memoriile acestui scriitor.

QUIZ YOURSELF ON VERB TENSES

https://www.dictionary.com/games/quizzes/quiz-yourself-on-the-12-types-of-verb-
tenses-quiz

CP4

ACTIVE VOICE & PASSIVE VOICE

- A verb is active when the subject performs the action.

e.g. We took the package home.
- A verb is passive when its action is performed upon the subject.
e.g. The package was taken home.

I. Choose the correct answer:

1. Which of the following sentences is in the active voice?
(a) Plans for an assisted-living center were revealed by the city council at yesterday’s
meeting.
(b) The package was opened by my cousin Louie.
(c) At noon, the gates to the stadium were finally opened.
(d) A snail can sleep for three years.

2. Which of the following sentences is in the passive voice?

(a) The electric chair was invented by a dentist.
(b) A dentist invented the electric chair.
(c) You share your birthday with at least nine million other people in the world.
(d) You are more likely to be killed by a champagne cork than by a poisonous spider.

3. You should use the active voice whenever possible for all the following reasons
except
(a) It creates a sentence that is direct and to the point.
(b) It creates a shorter sentence and is thus easier to read.
(c) It emphasizes the receiver of the action rather than the doer of the action.

15
(d) It emphasizes the doer of the action rather than the receiver of the action.

II. Turn the following sentences to the passive voice without changing the
meaning of the sentence:
1. The family gave him a very nice present on his birthday.
2. The boy finished his lessons at about seven o‘clock.
3. Somebody found my gloves in the garden.
4. We must plan our work carefully.
5. The student told the details of his examination to his friend.
6. The tailor told him that his suit would be ready in a week.
7. He took them for a drive to the lakes surrounding Bucharest.
8. They built this house over two hundred years ago.
9. The committee have approved the plans for the building of a new district.
10. The audience was attentively listening to the speaker.
11. The postman gave me two letters this morning.
12. Did Jack eat all the apples?
13. The wind shook the trees.
14. Did Tommy open the bag?
15. Mary will sing a new song.
16. The men were cutting down the trees.
17. The gardener was picking the flowers.
18. The cook was preparing the food.
19. They had finished their game before noon.
20. The gardener is cutting the grass.
21. They rang the church bells as a flood warning.
22. No one can do anything unless someone gives us more information.
23. People are spending far more money on food now than they spent ten years ago.
24. The organizers will exhibit the paintings till the end of the month.
25. The judge gave him two weeks in which to pay the fine.
26. They make these artificial flowers of silk.

III. Turn the following sentences to the active voice without changing the
meaning of the sentence:
1. Last year a profit of two million pounds was made in the first six months but this
was cancelled by a loss of seventeen million pounds which was made in the second six
months.
2. Evening dress will be worn.
3. The ship was put into quarantine and passengers and crew were forbidden to land.
4. Someone will have to be found to take her place.
5. He was made to surrender his passport.
6. This rumour must have been started by our opponents.
7. My paintings are to be exhibited for the first time by New Arts Gallery.
8. This scientific theory has now been proved to be false.
9. The car which was blown over the cliff yesterday is to be salvaged today.
10. The house where the dead man was found is being guarded by the police to
prevent it from being entered and the evidence interfered with.
11. Why wasn't the car either locked or put into the garage?
12. It is being said that too little money is being spent by the government on roads.
13. Your money could be put to good use instead of being left idle in the bank.
14. The damaged ship was being towed into harbour when the tow-line broke.
15. Have a lift put in and then you won't have to climb up all these stairs.

16
IV. Rewrite the following text putting the underlined verbs into the passive
and making any other changes that are necessary. Use by + agent where
appropriate.

Fire almost completely destroyed the Royal Hotel last night. By the time someone
called the Fire Brigade, the hotel was already blazing. Ambulances took fifteen people
to hospital suffering from severe burns. They say that seven of them are in serious
condition. People think that a discarded cigarette started the fire.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

V. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense and form. Some of the
verbs should be in the passive and some in the active. Write the answers in
the spaces provided in the text.

Animals on the roads

More cars and lorries (1) …………………………….. (drive) on our roads every
year and, sadly, as a result of this, more and more wild animals (2) …………………..
(kill) by vehicles. Roads often (3) …………………………….. (cross) the routes that
(4) …………………………….. (take) by animals when they are migrating, breeding or
feeding.
Every spring, many thousands of toads (5) …………………………….. (kill) as
they (6) …………………………….. (make) their way to the traditional breeding ponds.
All over the world, animals are victims of the road and their dead remains can (7)
…………………………….. (often see) lying on the roadside. Many badgers and
hedgehogs (8) …………………………….. (hit) by cars at night as they (9)
…………………………….. (move around) in search of food. Rabbits sometimes seem
to (10) …………………………….. (hypnotize) by the headlights of cars and (11)
…………………………….. (not move) quickly out of the way. Birds (12)
…………………………….. (sometimes hit) too as they (13) ……………………………..
(fly) low over roads.
(14) …………………………….. (can anything do) to protect these animals
from the dangers of the road? Well, in 1969, a toad tunnel that (15)
…………………………….. (build) in Switzerland was a great success. Since then, other
tunnels (16) …………………………….. (construct) elsewhere in Europe, not just for
toads but for badgers and salamanders too. In Florida, where the rare Florida panther
(17) …………………………….. (live), panther tunnels (18) ……………………………..
(build) under the highway and fencing (19) …………………………….. (put up)
beside the highway to guide the animals safely into these underpasses. Road signs
warning drivers to (20) …………………………….. (look out) for particular animals
(21) …………………………….. (often see) in the US and it is to (22) …………………..
(hope) that they (23) …………………………….. (become) a more common sight on
the roads of Europe.

QUIZ YOURSELF ON THE ACTIVE AND THE PASSIVE VOICE

https://www.dictionary.com/games/quizzes/quiz-yourself-on-passive-vs-active-voice/

17
The Passive Causative
1. Usе thе passivе сausativе to talk about seгviсes that you arгange for someone to
do for you.
e.g. I usеd to сolor my own hair, but now I havе it сolored.

2. Form the passivе сausativе with the appropriate form of have or gеt + objесt +
past partiсiple.
e.g. Last yеaг I got mу coat сlеaned onсe.

3. Use by when it is nесessary to mеntion the person doing thе sеrviсe (thе agent).
e.g. l always have my hair сut by Andrё.

VI. Rеad еach pеrson’s statеment. Write T (True) or F (False) for the
sеntence that follows.

1. Jake: I'm going to get my hair сut tomоrrow after work.

Jake сuts his own hair.
2. Debra: I’m сoloring my hair this aftеrnoon.
Dеbra сolors her own hair.
3. Amber: I didn't paсk any nail polish, beсause I had dоne my nails bеfоrе the trip.
Amber did her own nails.
4. Jake: I'm thinking of gеtting the floors waхed before the party.
Jake might hire somеone to wax thе floors.
5. Marie: I had my apartmеnt painted two months ago.
Marie paintеd her own apartment.
6. Tony: I'll wash the сar this weеkend.
Tony is going to wash the сar himsеlf.

VII. Сircle the lеttеr of thе corrеct answer to complеtе eaсh sentence.

1. This book ............................. written in 1999.

a. is c. was
b. has d.were

2. Coffеe is ............................... in Colombia.

a. grow c. bееn growing
b. grew d. grown

3. Millions of peоple .......................... the movie.

a. saw c. will bе sееn
b. were seеn d. must be seen

4. The meеting won't ....................................

a. сanсel c. bееn сanсеlled
b. be сanсelled d. cancelled

5. Sally doesn't сut her own hair. She ......................... at the salon.
a. сuts it c. has it сut
b. has сut it d. gets it

VIII. Sort these examples into two groups. What is the difference of meaning
between the two groups?

18
1. It was made in Portugal.
2. She’s wearing a dark blue dress.
3. She wore a dark blue dress.
4.The general ordered them to attack.
5. It was opened by the Queen.
6. They were ordered to attack.
7. We were taken to the airport by taxi.
8. They’ve been waiting for you for ages.
9. We’ve just had the sitting room decorated.
10. We’re having a new carpet fitted.
11. You’ll be hearing from me shortly.
12. I’ve just had my hair done.

IX. Read the following text. Rewrite the fragment by changing the voice of
the verbs in each sentence, if the meaning allows it.

Pepper has been appreciated since time immemorial in its native territory, but it
was the Romans who made it an international commodity. Romans loved pepper.
They even peppered their desserts. Their attachment to it kept the price high and
gave it a lasting value. Spice traders from the distant east couldn’t believe their luck.
‘They arrive with gold and depart with pepper,’ one Tamil trader remarked in wonder.
When the Goths threatened to sack Rome in 408, the Romans bought them off with a
tribute that included three thousand pounds of pepper. For his wedding meal in 1468,
Duke Karl of Bourgogne ordered 380 pounds of black pepper – far more than even the
largest wedding party could eat – and displayed it conspicuously so that people could
see how fabulously wealthy he was.
(adapted from Bill Bryson, At Home. A Short History of Private Life)
People have appreciated pepper since times immemorial in its native territory, but it
was made an international commodity by the Romans. Pepper was loved by Romans.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

X. Translate into English:

1. Mi se arăta casa când s-a stins lumina.

2. Se făcea focul în timp ce Cenuşăreasa stătea acolo în picioare şi tremura.
3. Cartea pe care o citeai fusese împrumutată de la o bibliotecă vestită, care nu dădea
cărţi cu împrumut mai mult de zece zile.
4. Pacientul fusese bine îngrijit, dar se plângea că nu-i place salonul şi vrea să plece
din spital cât mai curând, chiar înainte să se însănătoşească.
5. Nuvela fusese pe larg comentată de mulţi critici literari, care o citiseră şi o găsiseră
a fi cea mai slabă pe care o scrisese vreodată autorul ei.
6. Poemul va fi fost discutat în această revistă literară înainte să trebuiască să-l
analizezi pentru examen.
7. Pedeapsa va fi fost hotărâtă până vin martorii să depună mărturie.

19
Homework 1: Extract a fragment of maximum 20 lines from an English novel
of your choice (specify the title, author, publishing house) and rewrite 10 of
the sentences in the fragment by changing the voice in each of them (without
changing the tense), making all the necessary changes. Underline the verbal
forms whose voice has been chaged.
DON’T FORGET TO INCLUDE THE ORIGINAL FRAGMENT!
UPLOAD YOUR WORK ON THE ELEARNING PLATFORM BY THE INDICATED
DEADLINE.

CP5

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Conditional sentence If clause verb Main clause verb tense

type tense
Type 1 Simple present Simple present / Future
A possible condition and its
probable result If you don’t hurry you will miss the train.
Type 2 Simple past Present conditional or Present
A hypothetical condition continuous conditional
and its probable result If you didn’t hurry you would miss the train.
Type 3 Past perfect Perfect conditional
An unreal past condition
and its probable result in If you hadn’t you would have missed the
the past hurried train

I. Fill in the following sentences with the appropriate verbal forms.

1. If the company offered me the job, I think I ……………………… (take) it.

2. I’m sure Liz will lend you some money. I would be very surprised if she …………………
(refuse)
3. Many people would be out of work if that factory ………………………. (close) down.
4. If she sold her car, she …………………………… (not/get) much money for it.
5. They’re expecting us. They would be disappointed if we …………………………..
(not/come).
6. Would George be angry if I ……………………. (take) his bicycle without asking?
7. Ann gave me this ring. She …………………………….. (be) terribly upset if I lost it.
8. If someone …………………. (walk) in here with a gun, I’d be very frightened.
9. What would happen if you ………………………. (not/go) to work tomorrow?
10. I’m sure she …………………………… (understand) if you explained the situation to her.
11. If I …………………………… (know) her number, I would call her.
12. I ……………………………… (not/buy) that coat if I were you.
13. I ……………………………..(give) you a cigarette if I had one, but I’m afraid I don’t.
14. This soup would taste better if it ……………….. (have) more salt in it.
15. If you …………………………. (not/go) to bed so late every night, you wouldn’t be so
tired all the time.
16. I wouldn’t mind living in England if the weather ……………………….. (be) better.
17. If I were you, I ………………………………. (not/marry) him.
18. We would gladly buy that house if it ……………………………… (not/be) so small.
19. I’d help you if I …………………………… (can), but I’m afraid I can’t.
20. She …………………………… (leave) on holiday if she had enough money.
21. If I ………………………. (know) that you were sick last week, I’d have gone to see you.

20
22. Tom ……………………………. (not/take) the exam if he had known that it would be so
difficult.
23. Jim got to the bus stop in time. If he ……………………………… (miss) the bus, he would
have been late for his interview.
24. It’s good that Ann reminded me about Tom’s birthday. I ……………………. (forget) if
she hadn’t reminded me.
25. We might not have stayed at this hotel if Debbie ………………… (not/recommend) it
to us.
26. I’d have sent you a postcard while I was on vacation if I ………………………………
(have) your address.

II. Fill in the following sentences with the appropriate verbal forms.

1. What would you do if the lift ………….. (get) stuck between two floors?
2. If you ………… (paint) the walls white the room would be much brighter.
3. If you ………….. (change) your job would it affect your pension?
4. If you knew you had only six weeks to live how you ………… (spend) those six
weeks?
5. If you come late they ………………… (not let) you in.
6. If he ……………………… (go) on telling lies nobody will believe a word he says.
7. Unless he …………………… (sell) more he won't get much commission.
8. She had a headache; otherwise she …………………….. (come) with us.
9. If she had listened to my directions she ……………….. (not turn) down the wrong
street.
10. If you …………………. (look) at the engine for a moment you would have seen what
was missing.
11. I ………………. (bring) you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.
12. If you had touched that electric cable you ………………… (be) electrocuted.
13. If the story hadn't been true the newspaper ……………………. (not print) it.
14. You ………………… (not have) so many accidents if you drove more slowly.
15. If you ………………………. (wear) a false beard nobody would have recognized you.

III. Use correct tenses for the verbs in brackets.

A. 'If I (1 be) ..................... a successful doctor like you I (2 not|do) .................

what you've done: I (3 not|go) ........................ and live in a town I (4 not|like)
........................, however much the people (5 need) .......................... me.'
'If I (6 not|be) ..................... a doctor I (7 agree) ........................ with you. I (8
live) .................................. near my family and friends, not where my fellow
citizens (9 need) ............................. me most. But I am a doctor, and if I (10 do)
................................. that, my skills would be wasted. And if I felt that was
happening, how (11 justify|I) ............................. my choice of career?'

B. I don't keep a dog or a cat because if I (12 be ) ........................... I (13 have to)
.............................. find someone to look after it whenever I (14 go) ................
away, as I travel a lot on business. However, when I (15 get) .......................
married, which I (16 expect) .......................... to do quite soon, I (17 keep)
.......................... one.

C. Even if I (18 have) ......................... all the money in the world I (19 not|be)
........................ happier than I am now. Providing one (20 have) ..........................
reasonably good health, it (21 be) .................... possible to be happy with very few
material possessions. I hope I (22 continue) ....................... to think as I do however
rich I (23 get) .................................... .

21
D. 'Do you think pigs (24 fly) ....................... if they (25 have) ................... wings?'
'I don't think they could; their weight (26 be) ...................... all in the wrong
place.But what a silly question! If pigs (27 have) ...................... wings they (28
not|be) ....................... pigs!'

IV. TRUЕ or FALSE. Rеad each numberеd sentеnce. Writе T (Truе) or F

(False) for each statement that follows.

1. If I had had time, I would havе watсhed lt’s a Wondеrful Lifе.

I didn't havе time to watсh It's a Wondеrful Lifе.
2. I would havе taped the movie if my VCR hadn’t brokеn.
I taped thе movie.
3. If Clarеnсе hadn't bеen there, Gеorge might have killed himself.
Clarеnсе was there.
4. George wouldn't have met Mary if hе hadn't gone to his brother's graduation party.
George didn't go to the party.
5. George would have been happier if he had beсome an arсhiteсt.
Gеоrge bесame an arсhitесt.
6. The movie wouldn't havе bеen sо good if James Stewart hadn't played the part оf
George Bailey.
Jamеs Stewart played the part of George Bailey.

V. Rеad еach truе situation. Thеn writе a past unrеal conditional sеntenсе to
еxpress how things could have bееn diffеrent.

1. Clarenсe wasn’t a first-сlass angel, so he didn’t havе muсh self-сonfidenсe.

If ........................................................................................................
2. George was unhappy about his businеss. He уеlled at his daughter on Christmas
Еve.
If ........................................................................................................
3. Poor people сould buy houses beсause Gеorge’s business loaned them money.
If ........................................................................................................
4. Mr. Potter wasn't able to triсk Gеorge, so George didn’t sеll Pоtter the businеss.
If ........................................................................................................
5. George’s Unсle Billy lost $8,000. George got into trouble with thе law.
If ........................................................................................................
6. George’s friends didn't know about his troubles. They didn’t help him right away.
If ........................................................................................................
7. George’s friends сolleсted money for him, so he didn't go to jail.
If ........................................................................................................

QUIZ YOURSELF ON WILL AND WOULD

https://www.dictionary.com/games/quizzes/will-vs-would-quiz

22
VI. Сircle the lеttеr of thе corrеct answer to complеtе eaсh sentence.

1. If you ............................... a headaсhе, you should take an aspirin.

a. ‘ll have c. have
b. had d. are having

2. If I ..........................you, I'd сall and apologize.

a. am c. were
b. would be d. was

3. If I ................................. you wеre siсk, I would have сalled sooner.

a. have known c. would have known
b. had known d. know

4. If yоu want to go skiing in the South, ............................. to Blaсk Мountain.

a. you go c. go
b. you’ll go d. went

5. What would Tom do if he ........................... the truth?

a. would know c. knows
b. has known d. knew

6. Jake will win the eleсtion if he ..................................... harder.

a. сampaigns c. will сampaign
b. would сampaign d. сampaigned

7. If you ........................ told us about thе bad serviсe, we would have еaten there.
a. didn't c. havеn't
b. wouldn't have d. hadn't

VII. Underline the conditionals in the following fragments and translate them
into English:

a. Dacă vă hotărâţi să mergeţi, mă duc şi eu cu voi şi mă duc cu toată inima, cu tot

sufletul, cu toată dragostea mamei care încearcă norocul copilului ieşit în lume.
b. Duminică în zori bătrâna primenea copiii, se gătea de sărbătoare, mai dădea o raită
prin împrejur, ca să vadă dacă în adevăr toate sunt bine, apoi se urca în teleagă.
c. Şi dacă lumea zice că locurile de lângă Moara cu noroc sunt rele, n-ai fi avut decât
să-l întrebi pe vreunul dintre sămădăi, şi el ţi-ar fi putut spune pentru ce nu sunt bune
şi cine le primejduieşte
d. Dacă Lică ar fi fost alt om, el n-ar fi stătut aşa cu privirea pierdută în vânt, ci s-ar fi
bucurat de vederea femeii frumoase, care-l privea oarecum pierdută şi speriată de
bărbăţia înfăţişării lui.
e. Au plecat să vadă o pădure, pe care voiam să o luăm de la toamnă pentru turme, şi
nu ştiu acum dacă au trecut înaintea mea, ori e să-i aştept aici.
f. El se duce să târguiască, şi dacă vine în urma lui altul, care din întâmplare voieşte
să cumpere tot acele păduri, şi eu spun că Lică a trecut pe aici, acest al doilea
cumpărător grăbeşte, soseşte la vreme şi poate să-i strice târgul.
(Ioan Slavici, Moara cu noroc)
VIII. Translate into English:

1. Acum te-ai plimba prin Paris dacă plecai ieri cu avionul.

23
2. Dacă-mi spunea doctorul că l-a vizitat multă lume, precis îl întrebam dacă a lăsat
vreunul dintre ei vreun mesaj pentru mine.
3. Dacă i-ai pune prea multe întrebări personale, sunt sigur că ţi-ar spune foarte
curând că cine ştie multe îmbătrâneşte repede.
4. Dacă nu-l speria vulturul, iepurele n-ar fi ajuns cel mai bun alergător din lume.
5. Cum traversa cămila deşertul dacă nu era arabul?
6. Cangurul ar fi mâncat ieri toată ziua dacă avea destulă hrană.
7. Cred că fizicianul ar trebui să se scoale târziu astăzi, chiar dacă tu ai prefera să-l
trimiţi după lapte.
8. Godfrey ar fi acum la uşă deja, dacă l-ai fi chemat.
9. Dacă nu i-ar plăcea pâinea cu unt, nu s-ar fi îngrăşat aşa de tare, nu-i aşa?
10. Mihai nu dărâma casa, dacă nu era sâcâit de nevasta lui.
11. Miranda ar fi murit de frică, dacă ar fi văzut umbre furişându-se de-a lungul mesei
lungi de lemn.
12. Dacă publicul ar fi aplaudat, violonistul ar fi cântat cât voia publicul.
13. Administratorul ar fi fost trimis la Haga, dacă nu-i spunea şefului lui unde se
ascunde fugarul.
14. Pacientul s-ar ascunde în cămară, dacă ar afla ce pune psihiatrul la cale.
15. Dacă nu lăsa poştaşul uşa întredeschisă, păienjenii nu şi-ar ţese acum plasele prin
toată casa.

Homework 2: Extract 10 structures including all the types of conditional

clauses (at least 2 conditionals of each type, you can also include mixed
conditionals) from an English novel of your choice (specify the title, author,
publishing house), and then translate them into Romanian.
The sentences have to come from the same source, but they do not have to
be consecutive or form a paragraph.
UPLOAD YOUR WORK ON THE ELEARNING PLATFORM BY THE INDICATED
DEADLINE.

CP6

OTHER PARTS OF SPEECH

- A noun is a word that names a person, place, or thing.

- Adjectives are words that describe nouns and pronouns.
- Adverbs are words that describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
- Conjunctions connect words or groups of words and show how the words are
related. There are three kinds of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions (for, and,
nor, but, or, yet, so), correlative conjunctions (both . . .and, either . . . or, etc.) and
subordinating conjunctions (after, as, since, though, etc.).
- Prepositions link a noun or a pronoun following it to another word in the sentence.
- A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or another pronoun. Pronouns help you
avoid unnecessary repetition in your writing and speech. A pronoun gets its meaning
from the noun it stands for.

I. List four types of pronouns.

II. What are the following items?

……………………………………… ………………………………..
yours you’re

24
its it’s
their they’re
whose who’s

QUIZ YOURSELF ON THEIR, THEY ARE AND THEY’RE

https://www.dictionary.com/games/quizzes/quiz-yourself-on-their-there-and-theyre

III. True-False Questions

1. A noun names a person, place, or thing.

2. Common nouns name any one of a class of person, place, or thing.
3. Proper nouns name a specific person, place, or thing. Proper nouns are never
capitalized.
4. Plural nouns show ownership.
5. Verbs express action, condition, or state of being.
6. Adjectives describe nouns and pronouns.
7. Adverbs describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
8. All adverbs are formed by adding -ly to an adjective.
9. Prepositions only link a verb to another word.
10. A pronoun gets its meaning from the noun it stands for. The noun is called the
antecedent.
11. Conjunctions connect words or groups of words.
12. Many adjectives are formed by adding -ly to an adverb.
13. Some words can be either adjectives or adverbs, depending on how they are used
in a sentence.
14. The only reliable way to tell the difference between an adjective and an adverb is
to memorize a list of words.
15. The base form of the adjective or adverb not being used in a comparison is called
the “positive degree.”
16. The form of an adjective or adverb being used to compare two things is the
“superlative degree.”
17. The form of the adjective or adverb being used to compare three or more things is
the “comparative degree.”
18. To show comparison in most cases, use -er/-est with one- and two-syllable
adjectives or adverbs.
19. When an adjective or adverb has three or more syllables, use more and most or
less and least to form the comparative and superlative degrees.
20. Under certain conditions, you can use both -er and more or -est and most with the
same modifier.
21. All adverbs that end in -ly form their comparative and superlative degrees with
more and most.
22. The phrase “most smoothly” is in the superlative degree.
23. All adjectives and adverbs have irregular forms.
24. The superlative form of bad is baddest.
25. The superlative form of far is furthest.
26. Good is always an adjective.
27. Well is an adverb used to describe good health.
28. Well is an adjective used to describe anything but health.
29. Use the comparative degree (-er or more) to compare two things.
30. Use the superlative form (-est or most) to compare three or more things.

25
31. Fewer refers to items that can’t be counted.
32. Less refers to amounts that can be counted.
33. Using two negative words in the same clause (group of words) creates a double
negative, which should be avoided.
34. Hardly is not a negative word.
35. To create overstatement, you can use a word with a negative prefix and another
negative word.

IV. Identify the part of speech for the underlined word in each sentence.

1. The outside of the boat needs scraping.

(a) Noun (c) Adverb
(b) Adjective (d) Preposition
2. You should scrape the boat without outside help.
(a) Noun (c) Adverb
(b) Adjective (d) Preposition
3. Let’s sit outside and laugh at you as you work in the blazing sun.
(a) Noun (c) Adverb
(b) Adjective (d) Preposition
4. The ambulance is parked right outside the yard, next to the beehive.
(a) Noun (c) Adverb
(b) Adjective (d) Preposition
5. The politician repented of his past mistakes.
(a) Noun (c) Adverb
(b) Adjective (d) Preposition
6. Turn right past the store with the neon sign in the window.
(a) Noun (c) Adverb
(b) Adjective (d) Preposition
7. Did you hear that song before?
(a) Noun (c) Adverb
(b) Adjective (d) Preposition
8. Always follow through with what you start.
(a) Noun (c) Adverb
(b) Conjunction (d) Preposition
9. The remark went right through one ear and out the other.
(a) Noun (c) Conjunction
(b) Adjective (d) Preposition
10. The gardener mowed the lawn after he reread Lady Chatterly’s Lover.
(a) Conjunction (c) Adverb
(b) Adjective (d) Preposition

V. Completion Questions. Select the word that best completes each sentence.

1. The elevator in my sister’s apartment moves so (slowly, slow) we can make

whoopee, conceive a child, and give birth before reaching her floor. And her
apartment is on the first floor.
2. China has (most, more) English speakers than the United States.
3. The (longer, longest) town name in the world has 167 letters.
4. I’ve learned that you shouldn’t compare yourself to the (better, best) others can
do.
5. I’ve learned that two people can look at the exact same thing and see something
(total, totally) different.
6. Every day (most, more) money is printed for Monopoly than for the U.S. Treasury.
7. My friend Fred is not the (brightest, brighter) light on the Ferris wheel.

26
8. If everything seems to be going (good, well), you have obviously overlooked
something.
9. The grass is always (more greener, greener) when you leave the sprinkler on.
10. The (longer, longest) recorded flight of a chicken is 13 seconds.
11. The average person is about a quarter of an inch (tall, taller, tallest) in the
morning.
12. The Neanderthal’s brain was (big, bigger, biggest) than yours is.
13. Your right lung takes in (more, most) air than your left lung does.
14. Women’s hearts beat (fast, faster, fastest) than men’s hearts.
15. There are (more, most) plastic flamingos in America than real ones.
16. Each day is 0.00000002 seconds (long, longer, longest) than the one before
because the Earth is gradually slowing down.
17. The total weight of all insects on Earth is 12 times (more great, greater, greatest,
most greatest) than the weight of all the people on Earth.
18. There are more than three million lakes in Alaska. The (large, larger, largest),
Lake Iliamna, is the size of Connecticut.
19. When North America was first settled, beavers there grew (bigger, biggest) than
bears.
20. The (bright, brighter, brightest) star in the sky, Sirius, gives out 26 times as much
light as the Sun.
21. The (older, oldest) national flag still in existence, that of Denmark, dates back to
the thirteenth century.
22. The ashes of the metal magnesium are (more heavier, heavier) than magnesium
itself.
23. Murphy’s Oil Soap is the chemical (more, most) commonly used to clean
elephants.
24. If things get any (worse, worst), I’ll have to ask you to stop helping me.
25. How much (deep, deeper, deepest) would the ocean be if sponges didn’t grow in
it?
26. Nothing in the known universe travels (more fast, more faster, faster) than a bad
check.
27. Did you hear about my new boyfriend? He’s not the (sharper, sharpest) tool in the
shed.
28. Good advice: Love (deep, deeply) and (most passionate, passionately). You might
get hurt, but it’s the only way to live life completely
29. Talk (slow, slowly) but think (quick, quickly).

QUIZ YOURSELF ON THE COMPARATIVE AND THE SUPERLATIVE

https://www.dictionary.com/games/quizzes/comparative-vs-superlative-adjectives-
quiz

VI. Multiple-Choice Questions. Choose the best answer to each question.

1. Adjectives are modifiers that describe a

(a) Noun or verb (c) Noun or pronoun
(b) Pronoun or adverb (d) Verb or preposition

2. Adverbs are modifiers that describe all the following words except
(a) Verbs (c) Adjectives
(b) Pronouns (d) Adverbs

27
3. Each of the following is a degree of comparison except
(a) Positive (c) Superlative
(b) Comparative (d) Negative

4. What is the comparative form of popular?

(a) Popularest (c) Most popular
(b) Popular (d) More popular

5. The comparative and superlative forms of ill are

(a) Worse, most worse (c) worse, worst
(b) Worster, worstest (d) More ill, most ill

6. The comparative and superlative forms of many and much are

(a) Double comparisons (c) Regular
(b) Many, more (d) Identical

7. Which is the best revision of the following sentence?

My brother’s CD collection is larger than my son’s.
(a) My brother’s CD collection is larger than my son’s CD collection.
(b) My brother’s CD collection is large than my son’s CD.
(c) My brother’s CD collection is largest than my son’s CD.
(d) My brother’s CD collection is more larger than my son’s CD collection.

8. All the following are negative words except

(a) Scarcely (c) Did
(b) Hardly (d) n’t

9. Which is the best revision of the following sentence?

Which of the twins writes gooder?
(a) Which of the twins writes best?
(b) Which of the twins writes better?
(c) Which of the twins writes good?
(d) Which of the twins writes more better?

10. Which of the following words best completes the sentence?

Mr. Big is ………………. willing to cooperate than his attitude suggests.
(a) Less (c) Leastest
(b) Least (d) Lesser

11. Which is the best revision of the following sentence?

Two can live most cheaply than one.
(a) Two can live cheaply than one.
(b) Two can live moster cheaply than one.
(c) Two can live more cheaply than one.
(d) Two can live mostest cheaply than one.

12. Which of the following sentences is not correct?

(a) Nico could not see in the gloomy night.
(b) Nico could not hardly see in the gloomy night.
(c) Nico could barely see in the gloomy night.
(d) Nico had difficulties seeing clearly in the gloomy night.

QUIZ YOURSELF ON THE ADVERB

28
https://www.dictionary.com/games/quizzes/identifying-adverbs-quiz

VII. Choose from each pair of words the one you think should be used.
Remember that before a verb or participle it is the -ly form that is used.

a. I remarked that it was better to approach Ken (1) direct/directly and not through
his secretary. His secretary laughed out (2) loud/loudly at my remark. I think really
she was (3) deep/deeply offended by what I'd said.

b. Old Mr Elkins is still going (4) strong/strongly although he's over ninety. He says
he'd like to reach a hundred, but admits he may be aiming a bit (5) high/ highly.
However, there's a (6) wide/widely held belief in the village that he'll get there.

c. Georgina was about to say something but stopped (7) short/shortly, and her eyes
opened (8) wide/widely with amazement. Somewhere in the house a horse had
neighed (9) loud/loudly.

d. 'He told me to turn (10) sharp/sharply left just past the station.'
'If he told you that, he told you (11) wrong/wrongly. But you got here in the end even
though you were (12) wrong/wrongly directed.'

e. (13) Faint/faintly in the distance we heard the noise of thunder. Then the radio
went (14) faint /faintly and we could (15) hard/hardly hear the news. We shut all the
windows (16) tight/tightly and waited for the storm.

f. Marilyn's leaving (17) short/shortly for the United States on a business trip. As she
(18) right/rightly says, there's nothing like personal contact for promoting one's
products. Her suitcase is so (19) tight/tightly packed with samples there's not even
room for a toothbrush. She refuses to take two suitcases because she wants to travel
(20) light/lightly.

VIII. Correct all errors in agreement in the following paragraph.

A wife are complaining about her husband spending all his time at the local tavern, so
one night he take her along with him.
“What’ll ya have?,” he ask.
“Oh, I don’t know. The same as you, I suppose,” she reply.
So the husband order a couple of Jack Daniel’s and gulp his down in one go.
His wife watch him, then take a sip from her glass and immediately spit it out.
“Yuck, it tastes awful, worse than awful!” she splutter. “I don’t know how you can
drink this stuff!”
“Well, there you goes,” cry the husband. “And you thinks I’m out enjoying myself
every night!”

IX. Translate into English:

1. Fratele meu mai mare e mai mare ca mine.

2. E mult mai simplu să pleci acum.
3. E mult mai complicat să citeşti tot.
4. E la fel de greu să scrii ori să citeşti.
5. E mai puţin interesant să vii cu mine.
6. Romanul tău nu e la fel de scump ca al meu.
7. Eşti din ce în ce mai gras.

29
8. E din ce în ce mai înalt.
9. Cu cât o citeşti mai mult, cu atât vei şti poezia mai bine.
10. Drumul acesta e mult mai lung decât celălalt.
11. Cel mai lung roman este cel de pe raft.
12. Romanul meu e mai slab decât al tău, dar al lui e cel mai slab dintre toate.
13. Am nevoie de informaţii suplimentare înainte să plec mai departe.
14. Care e mai mare dintre cei doi fraţi?
15. Am doi prieteni, Jack şi Jim: cel dintâi e pilot, cel de-al doilea e şofer.
16. Tocmai mi-a dat ultima lui carte.
17. Ultimul lui cuvânt nu s-a auzit.
18. Următorul, vă rog.
19. Cu cât înveţi mai mult, cu atât ştii mai mult. Cu cât ştii mai mult, cu atât uiţi.
20. Cei mai în vârstă ca tine ştiu mai bine.

CP7 REVISION

I. Fill in the spaces with the adequate verbal forms. Explain your choice.

1. The children usually ........... a lot of noise.

a. do c. have made
b. make d. have done

2. It ........... all the summer.

a. has been raining c. was raining
b. were raining d. is raining

3. I’ve been to Paris ............

a. So did I. c. Neither have I.
b. Neither did I. d. So have I.

4. This bridge ........... at present.

a. is reconstructing c. has been reconstructed
b. is being reconstructed d. was reconstructed

5. Mary ........... at the poker table for two hours now.

a. was sitting c. has sat
b. has been sitting d. will sit

6. Somebody ........... here since all the food has been eaten.
a. must be c. must been
b. would have to be d. must have been

7. ........... the new Polanski film?

a. Have you seen c. Had you seen
b. Have you looked d. Did you see

8. I must be mad ............

a. So am I. c. So must I
b. Neither must I. d. So did I

9. I can’t be ........... anything.

a. to do c. doing

30
b. being done d. to be done

10. She was cooking when the wind ........... the kitchen window.
a. has opened c. had opened
b. was opening d. opened

11. ........... it rain last summer?

a. Was c. Has
b. Did d. Had

12. I haven’t tried this ............

a. Neither did I. c. So have I.
b. Neither have I. d. So didn’t I.

13. I ........... this book for an hour now.

a. was reading c. am reading
b. have been reading d. read

14. Many new houses ........... these days in Romania.

a. were built c. were being built
b. are being built d. are building

15. He ........... in bed yesterday, and instead went for a party. He is much worse
today.
a. would have stayed c. should have stayed
b. could have stayed d. shouldn’t have stayed

16. ........... this sort of work before?

a. Have you ever done c. Had you ever done
b. Will you ever do d. What have you done

17. When John ........... down he fell and broke his leg.
a. has gone c. has been going
b. is going d. was going

18. I didn’t go to work yesterday. ........... did I.

a. Too c. Either
b. Also d. Neither

19. They kept on ........... although the film had already started.
a. to talk c. talk
b. talking d. having talked

20. My grandfather ........... to hospital last night.

a. took c. is taken
b. has been taken d. was taken

II. Circle the correct answer:

1. In the example: He has been driving all night., the form of the underlined verb is:
a. present tense simple c. present perfect simple

31
b. present tense continuous d. present perfect continuous.

2. The verb form had + Ved indicates:

a. the past tense simple c. the past perfect simple
b. the past tense continuous d. the past perfect continuous.

3. What is the correct tense to use when translating into English the sentence: Nu am
terminat de citit cartea încă.
a. the present tense simple c. the present perfect simple
b. the present tense continuous d. the present perfect continuous

4. In the example: They last talked to him five days ago., the form of the underlined
verb is:
a. the past tense simple c. the past perfect simple
b. the past tense continuous d. the past perfect continuous.

5. In the example: In a few days I will have completed the last chapter of the book,
the form of the underlined verb is:
a. the future tense simple c. the future tense continuous
b. the future perfect simple d. the future perfect continuous tense

III. Fill in the spaces with the adequate verbal forms.

a) When I started working for this company, I …………………… (be) an architect for six
years.
b) By December, he …………………………….. (work) there for six months.
c) The late Prime Minister is said ……………………………… (be) difficult to work with.
d) That was lucky! If I ……………………. (not catch) this bus, I ……………………….. (meet)
you.
e) Your order ………………………………. (deal) with at the moment.
f) But for Pauline, I ………………………………. (not/pass) the exam.
g) All dishes ……………………………… (serve) with French fries and a green salad taday.
h) The house is thought to ……………………. (sell) recently for a million pounds.
i) If only I ……………………….. (study) more when I was at school.
j) If I were …………………………… (tell) you where the treasure is, what would you do?
k) If I …………….. (know) that you …………… (arrive) on that train, I ……………. (come) to
meet you.
l) What …………………….. (do) with yourself over the last couple of days?
m) Be careful! If you …………….. (tease) the cat it …………………….. (scratch) you!
n) Thanks very much! If you ……………………. (not/help) me, we ……………………….
(not/finish) the work so quickly.
o) Hurry up, or all the best seats ……………………………….. (take).
p) Next summer I ………………………… (live) here for ten years.
q) The suspect is believed ………………………….. (flee) the country.
r) If it ……………………. (not/be) for you, I ………………………(still/be) in prison today!
s) Unfortunately, tomorrow's match …………………………….. (call off).
t) Sam …………........... (not/receive) the parcel the last time I ...............................
(speak) to him.
u) I ............. (consider) buying a house but now I ……............ (change) my mind.
v) When you .......................... (feel) hungry, room service ..............................
(bring) you whatever you want.
x) I .................................. (find) it difficult to convince the ticket inspector that
I..................... (lose) my ticket, but he believed me in the end.

32
y) Ever since I ................................. (be) a young child, I ....................... (die) to
meet you.
z) As soon as I .......................... (have) a look at the designs, I......................
(send) them to you. You'll get them by Friday.

IV. Which of the following underlined expressions are correct? Correct them.
a) Will you be seeing Rob Jones tomorrow? I wonder if you could give him a message
from Sally Gordon? …………….....
b) I had a great time in the Greek Islands. We would rent a small boat and go fishing
every day. ....................................
c) Julie, hi! I've been hoping I'd see you. I've got some good news! ..................
d) We had a terrible time looking after your dog. It was constantly chasing the cats
next door ...................
e) We had a lovely time in Madrid. Every day we were exploring the city, and in the
evening we were going to exciting bars. .....................................
f) The steam engine is usually thought of as a relatively modern invention, but the
Greeks had built a kind of steam engine in ancient times ...................
g) I felt rather worried. It was growing darker and colder, and there was still no sign
of the rescue helicopter ...................
h) Don't worry! All we have to do is wait here until someone will find us. …………..
i) This meat is really tasting awful! Are you quite sure it was fresh? ………………

V. For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as

possible in meaning to the original sentence, but using the word given. This
word must not be altered in any way.

a) I’d like to make a few suggestions.

forward ……………………………………………………………………………………………
b) It was wrong of you to take what he said for granted.
shouldn’t ……………………………………………………………………………………………
c) His exam results will determine what choice he has for further education.
dependent ……………………………………………………………………………………………
d) If by chance you’re arrested, you don’t have to say anything.
under ……………………………………………………………………………………………
e) The new minister seems to be excellent at avoiding awkward questions.
flair ……………………………………………………………………………………………
f) People often find their first experience of sky-diving rather sickening.
common ……………………………………………………………………………………………
g) We couldn’t hear most of what he said.
inaudible ……………………………………………………………………………………………
h) Their exclusion from union meetings stems from their shocking behavior at the last
one.
since ……………………………………………………………………………………………
i) Generally, the majority of the audience is made up of school children.
comprise ……………………………………………………………………………………………

VI. Rephrase the following sentences without changing their meaning.

a) They started writing to each other five years ago.

They have ……………………………………………………………………………….
b) I thought it would be better than that.
It’s not ……………………………………………………………………………………
c) You must be more polite to your teachers.
It’s …………………………………………………………………………………………..

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d) He was too far away to hear me.
It was …………………………………………………………………………………….
e) They made her wait for three hours at the border.
She was ………………………………………………………………………………..
f) Mike’s bicycle was stolen from the school yard.
Mike had …………………………………………………………………………….
g) I have the impression that he is telling the truth.
He seems ……………………………………………………………………………
h) I haven’t ridden a horse since the war.
The last ………………………………………………………………………………
i) You shouldn’t be here.
You are ………………………………………………………………………………
j) The garden party was great fun in spite of rain.
Although …………………………………………………………………………….
k) They didn’t speak a word.
Not …………………………………………………………………………………

VII. Translate into English:

1. Franţuzoaica nu ştia ce am de gând să fac.

2. Dacă albina şi-ar fi vândut toată mierea, ar fi plecat într-o excursie în Maroc.
3. Ploua. Ploua de zile întregi.
4. Când l-am întâlnit pe bibliotecar, umbla în patru labe, căutându-şi lupa.
5. Episcopul se tot laudă că a dobândit un castel în valoare de cincizeci de milioane de
lire.
6. Canadianul ar veni, dacă ar fi rugat.
7. Oricât de sărac ar fi chiriaşul, a promis că o să-şi plătească chiria ca de obicei, chiar
şi după ce-şi va cumpăra conacul.
8. Atunci când a ajuns la fermă, drumeţul şi-a dat seama că umbla de cinci zile
încheiate.
9. De abia deschise Făt Frumos scrisoarea de la Cenuşăreasa, că îl şi prefăcu
vrăjitoarea neagră în pitic.
10. Mereu vine coreeanul şi-mi pune întrebări dis-de-dimineaţă.
11. Veneai, dacă ştiai?
12. Armeanul citea de două ore când l-am chemat.
13. Leul se juca. Se juca de multă vreme când s-a pornit ploaia.
14. Chelnerul zicea că a uitat.
15. Adolescentul şi-ar mai fi petrecut câţiva ani în Sahara, dacă moştenea averea
ţarului, şi dacă nu şi-ar cheltui mereu banii pe filme care nu-i plac.
16. Actriţa ar fi văzut pe unde merge, dacă nu şi-ar fi spart ochelarii la patinaj.
17. Întreaga familie a majordomului lucra pentru CIA atunci când descoperi Sir Robert
că aceasta se înrudeşte cu familia regală.
18. Nici nu se termină bine balul, că şi intră în salon, uitându-se de jur împrejur.
19. Marinarii dormeau cu toţii atunci când s-a scufundat barca.
20. Am să mă urc în autobuz atunci când o să vină.

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