GOOD GOVERNANCE AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
GGSR NOTES | SEM 1 (2022)
TOPIC 1: BUSINESS ETHICS AS FOUNDATION
OF CSR
BUSINESS
• Any legal and lawful activity undertaken by a
man & institution.
TYPES of BUSINESS
1. Servicing
A service type business provides intangible
products (products with no physical form).
2. Merchandising
This type of business buys products at
wholesale price and sells the same at retail
price.
3. Manufacturing
Buy products with the intention of using them
as raw materials to make a new product.
ETHICS
• Ethics is the philosophical study of human
action and attitude as right and wrong, good,
and bad. Ethics deals with moral principles –
the examination of what is right or wrong.
BUSINESS ETHICS
• Is a form of applied ethics that examines
moral rules, theories, and principles in a
business context.
• Is a normative discipline, whereby particular
ethical standards are advocated and then
applied.
BUSINESS ETHICS AS OXYMORON
• In the traditional sense, people get into
business to maximize profit (huge profit, that
is), while ethics deals with anything other than
profit.
• In the field of philosophy, ethics is
specialized study of what is right or wrong.
ANTHROPOLOGY OF BUSINESS ETHICS
• The person who works for or manages
business is not just an abstract being or
mere intelligent being but a human person
with dignity who is subject to socio-political,
moral, and economic issues.
ROLE OF ETHICS IN MANAGEMENT
1. Ethical management regarding intellectual
property rights.
2. Ethical management in finance, accounting,
and finance, accounting, andauditing.in
production.
3. Ethical management in sales, advertising,
and marketing.
4. Ethical management in production
WHAT IS CSR?
• CSR is referred to the enterprise’s
responsibility for their operation impact on
society; and the consequences of integrating
social, environmental, ethical, and customer
and human rights concerns into its core
strategy and business operations in close
collaboration with stakeholders.
Topic 2 Business ethics and CSR Compared
What do authors/experts say about business
ethics and CSR?
- (Herbert Simon, Administrative Behavior,
1945) Businesses have been affected by
the growing public interest. Leaders are
increasingly becoming involved with
“responsibilities toward the community
beyond the legal limits imposed on them”
– hence, CSR is beyond regulatory and
legal compliance.
- (Griffin, 2000) business ethics is the basis
of the practice of CSR.
Similarities between CSR and business ethics?
- Both are beyond compliance with the law;
- Both are not tantamount to relativism;
- Both are born with universal values;
- Both are not utilitarian.
- Both are pragmatic and practical;
- Both are about firm conviction;
- Both are beyond public relations
- Both are centered on total human
development
Are both business ethics and CSR beyond legal
compliance?
- CSR and ethical management coincide
with the law and local regulation. Ethical
standard has to be higher than legal
compliance.
Are both business ethics and CSR similar to
relativism?
• No, ethics and CSR are not similar to
situation ethics or ethical relativism.
• Relativism professes that all beliefs are
equally valid, and that the truth is relative –
depending on the situation, level of
modernization, environment, and individual
reference. (Redfern & Crawford, 2004)
• Business ethics is not relativism because the
former accepts moral values that are
objective, permanent, and universal. (George,
1999)
Are both business ethics and CSR born with
universal values?
• Both business ethics and CSR deal with the
human conduct, practices, decisions, way of
doing things, including both external
observable behaviors and internal
unobservable intentions. Ethics and CSR
deal with universal moral values.
• In other words, there is only one universal
language for all business practitioners and
professionals everywhere – the true, the just,
the fair and the good.
Are both business ethics and CSR utilitarian?
• Utilitarianism focuses on the results of an
action rather than the motive behind the
action.
• Ethics is not utilitarian. It may happen that,
when the utilitarian principle is applied,
several basic rights and freedom of others are
restricted or disregarded.
• Business and the government are duty-bound
to solemnly respect human dignity and basic
rights. Human dignity is the most central
issue in ethical decision making.
Are both business ethics and CSR pragmatic and
practical?
• Business ethics and CSR are concerned with
orthodoxy (correct policy) and orthopraxis
(best practice).
• Since they do not end in memorized codes
and principles, business ethics and CSR are
practical, pragmatic, and alive.
Are both business ethics and CSR about firm
conviction?
• Yes, business ethics and CSR are about firm
conviction. Corporate involvement is not
about feelings, since ethical standards are
not just emotional ore sentimental issues.
• On the reverse, ethics is a fixed standard,
objective, permanent, and grounded on the
strongest convictions about what is right and
wrong.
Do business ethics and CSR go beyond public
relations and profitability?
• It might happen, as a consequence of
practicing social responsibility and ethical
management that sales go up because the
company projects an angelic image.
• You practice ethics because it is your
philosophy of management; you benchmark
CSR because it is the right thing to do.
(Maximiano, 2005)
Are both business ethics and CSR centered on
total human development?
• The total development of the human person
embraces the physical and the spiritual,
material and immaterial, financial and moral.
Economic development itself is not an end. It
is a means to an end, and the end is the total
welfare of man, that is, for the whole human
person.
Topic 3: Ethical Management of Profit
PROFITABILITY
• The degree to which a business or activity
yields profit or financial gain.
• Several factors play a part in making a
business profitable, including expert
management teams, dedicated and
productive employees, consistent consumer
demand, and careful watch over the bottom
line.
OBEJECTIVES
1. To gain profit
2. To expand the business as an economic
entity
3. Improvement of quality of life of the
beneficiaries
Business Ethics in Profitability
• In addition to these well-known business
practices, companies that implement a
 management philosophy that relies heavily on
business ethics are proven to be more
successful than those that operate in an
unethical manner.
• Research has also shown that emotionally
intelligent bosses make for happier, more
creative employees
• Consumer purchase habits also change to
favor environmentally conscious brands
WHAT IS THE EFFECT?
Ethical Approach
• Aims to act responsibly in putting ethical
considerations before profit, considering their
implications on staff, suppliers, the
community, and the planet.
• Dilemma for managers whether they risk
profit for ethics or risk ethics for profit.
• Enhances public trust
• It makes an organization a more attractive
prospect for employees, particularly
Millennials
• Leads to more engaged employees
• Healthier Environment
• Healthier Business
Topic 4 Moral Principle: Human Dignity in the
Priority of Labor Over Capital
LABOR
• Is the amount of physical, mental, and social
effort used to produce goods and services in
an economy. It supplies the expertise,
manpower, and service needed to turn raw
materials into finished products and services.
DIGNITY OF LABOR
• The philosophy that all types of jobs are
respected equally, and no occupation is
considered superior and none of the jobs
should be discriminated on any basis.
Regardless of whether one's occupation
involves physical work or mental labor; it is
held that the job deserves respect.
What you mean by "man above other M's"?
• Material resources
• Machine
• Methods
• Management
• Money
What business factors create wealth?
• Providers of capital, otherwise known as
shareholders, lay claim to most wealth that
corporations create or generate.
• Marjorie Kelly (2001) underlines the
importance of labor, otherwise known as the
human capital or intellectual capital, the
intelligent entrepreneur, the strategic
manager, the diligent worker. Human
resource (labor) is also called human capital,
and human knowledge is known as
intellectual capital.
Where did all material capital come from?
• In philosophical terms, all capital is
apparently the result of the historical
heritage of human labor, which means it
is human labor that give birth to capital.
All inanimate capital (money, technology,
resources, machines, factories,
laboratories, and computers) inherited
from the past and the present, whether
the most primitive or the most advanced
technology, result from the diligent labor
of the human person. (Leo XIII, 1891)
Is labor the means to economic development?
• The human person is not the means to be
used for economic development. The
other way is true, that is, the economic
development is a means for the total
development of the human person
(Mehrotra & Jolly, 1998)
Is the spirit superior over matter?
• John Paul II, in Centessimus annus
(1991), emphasizes the " priority of ethics
over technology, the primacy of the
person over things, and the superiority of
spirit over matter.
Is it easy for business to practice this principle?
• Among big corporations, maintaining
quality workers gets top priority. It is quite
noticeable how these cutting-edge
corporations maintain a high performance
and competitive labor force. However, it
seems there are still companies whose
concern for its personnel is squarely
confined to providing them the minimum
wage, everything else beyond is
considered unnecessary cost.
Is it easy for business to practice this principle?
 • In the SMALL MEDIUM SIZE
ENTREPRENEURSHIP, the story is
different. The excuse is that the company
is " still starting " or that there are more
important matters to worry about like
capital investments, purchase of state-of-
the-art equipments or vertical expansion.
Is it easy for business to practice this principle?
• Some managers argue that people are
hired to work and it is " not our business
to train them. " Total manpower training
and development, wrongly perceived as "
all cost and no return, " are therefore last
among the priorities of some corporate
management (Kelley, 2006).
PHILIPPINE OVERSEAS LABOR OFFICES
• Delivers a wide range of on-site programs
and services to promote assistance and
protect the rights and welfare of OFWs
POLOS 2.
• Services include workers training, case
management, custodial services,
repatriation assistance, and other welfare.
IS THERE A MORE PHILOSOPHICAL
UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN DIGNITY?
• Human dignity is in the laborer, as it is in the
customer who has the right to be served
beyond satisfaction. It is in the community,
the beneficiary of csr program, as it is in
those in the bottom of the pyramid
• Human dignity is the recognition that human
beings possess a special value intrinsic to
their humanity and they are worthy of respect
simply because they are human beings.
• The best concept must definitely ascribe to
the human person a worth without an equal
and an assessment that is priceless.
• This is true as regards the human person's
individuality, his originality, and his dignity; as
regards the intangible richness arising from
his fundamental rights, his sacredness, his
capacity for education, his aspiration to
complete development, and his immortality
(blessed paul vi, 1968)
WHY IS THE IDEA OF IMAGO DEI RELEVANT TO
HUMAN LABOR?
• As professed by the 1948 Universal
Declaration of Human Rights: All men are are
created equal in dignity and rights," that is
every man, woman, and child possess
intrinsic dignity, regardless of race or color,
religion, sex, party affiliation, or business
connections.
IS HUMAN LABOR AT TIMES REDUCED TO
SOME ASPECTS BELOW HIS DIGNITY?
• The human person is reduced from homo
sapiens (thinking being) to homo faber
(working man), as if the whole being of the
worker is equal to his work only and nothing
more
WHAT IS A MORE SUBLIME PARADIGM OF THE
HUMAN DIGNITY?
• The correct concept of labor and human
dignity is that of divine image, and this
concept of labor is possible regardless of
various beliefs or religious affiliations. By his
labor, the human worker honors the gifts and
talents he received from the creator.
SHOULD THE PRIORITY OF LABOR OVER THE
CAPITAL AT THE HEART OF BUSINESS?
• Yes, this moral principle should be at the
heart of every business, where labor is the
primary efficient cause, while capital, the
whole collection of means of production,
remains a mere instrument or instrumental
cause
• Peter Drucker (1954): "Unlike material and
financial assets, human resources, by their
nature, are highly dynamic and elusive,
defying foolproof quantitative analysis and
predictability. The challenge of management
is not so much in its money, machines,
methods, and market but on its people. There
is no exact replacement for human
resources"
Topic 5: Respect for Fundamental Human Rights
HUMAN RIGHTS
• Are a set of principles concerned with equality
and fairness. They recognize our freedom to
make choices about our lives and to develop
our potential as human beings.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
• The Fundamental Rights are called
Fundamental because they are essential and
natural to the development of human beings.
Who has a responsibility to protect human
rights?
1. Individuals have a responsibility to ensure
that they exercise their rights with
consideration for the rights of others.
2. Governments have a particular responsibility
to ensure that people can enjoy their rights.
Human rights cover virtually every area of human
activity
1. They include civil and political rights.
2. They also include economic, social and
cultural rights
Where do human rights come from?
• In 1215, the English barons forced the King of
England to sign Magna Carta (which is Latin
for ‘the Great Charter’). Magna Carta was the
first document to place limits on the absolute
power of the king and make him accountable
to his subjects.
IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN RIGHTS
• Human rights are an important part of how
people interact with others at all levels in
society - in the family, the community,
schools, the workplace, in politics and in
international relations.
Why respect for human rights is important?
• Fundamentally, because everyone is a
human being and therefore a moral being.
Who has human rights?
• Everyone. Even criminals and heads of the
state because they are also humans.
Topic 6 Respect for Basic Employee Right
Why is it important to have Employee Rights?
• To prevent abuses by those in power, every
employee should understand these rights and
ensure that they are not violated.
10 BASIC RIGHTS
1. Equal work opportunities for all
- The State shall protect labor, promote full
employment, provide equal work
opportunity regardless of gender, race, or
creed; and regulate relations between
employees and employers
2. Security of Tenure
- Every employee shall be assured security
of tenure. No employee can be dismissed
from work except for a just or authorized
cause, and only after due process.
3. Workdays and work hours
- An employee must be paid their wages for
all hours worked. If their work hours fall
between 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m., they
are entitled to night shift pay in addition to
their pay for regular work hours. If they
work over eight hours a day, they are
entitled to overtime pay.
4. Weekly rest day
- A day-off of 24 consecutive hours after six
(6) days of work should be scheduled by
the employer upon consultation with the
workers.
5. Wage and wage-related benefits
- Wage is the amount paid to an employee
in exchange for the service that they
rendered to their employer. Wage may be
fixed for a given period.
6. Payment of Wages
- Wages should be paid directly to the
employee in cash, legal tender, or through
a bank.
- Wages shall be given not less than once
every two weeks or twice within a month
at intervals not exceeding 16 days
7. Female Employees
- Women are prohibited from engaging in
night work unless the work is allowed by
the following rules:
- - industrial undertakings from 10 p.m. to 6
a.m.,
- - commercial/ non-industrial undertakings
from 12 m.n. to 6 a.m., or
- - agricultural takings at night provided
that she has had nine consecutive hours
of rest. Welfare facilities, such as
separate dressing rooms and lavatories,
must be installed at the workplace.
8. Employment of Children
- The minimum employment age is 15
years of age. Any worker below 15 years
of age should be directly under the sole
responsibility of parents or guardians
provided that work does not interfere with
the child’s schooling or development. The
minimum age of employment is 18 years
for hazardous jobs, and 15 years for non-
hazardous jobs.
9. Safe Working Conditions
- Employers must provide workers with
every kind of on-the-job protection against
 injury, sickness or death through safe and
healthful working conditions.
10. Rights to Self-Organization and Collective
Bargaining
- Every worker has the right to self-
organization, to form or to join any
legitimate workers’ union, free from
interference of their employer or the
government. All workers may join a union
for the purpose of collective bargaining
and are eligible for union membership on
the first day of their employment
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING
• Is a process between two parties, namely the
employer and the union, where the terms and
conditions of employment are fixed and
agreed upon. In collective bargaining, the two
parties also decide upon a method for
resolving grievances. Collective bargaining
results in a contract called a Collective
Bargaining Agreement (CBA)
Understanding Your Right as an Employee
- aims to enlighten, educate and provide
knowledge on the rights and
responsibilities of workers and employers,
work ethics, values, skills and other
relevant information to enable them to
become responsible partners in building
harmonious labormanagement relations
and the attainment of decent and
productive work.
Topic 7 SOCIAL JUSTICE
• It is the equal access to wealth, opportunities,
and privileges within a society.
IMPORTANCE OF SOCIAL JUSTICS
1. It ensures that everyone gets the essentials
for a good life
2. It ensures everyone gets adequate
healthcare
3. It protects people with disabilities
4. It protects people from religion-based
discrimination
5. It protects people from ageism
6. It protects people from sexuality-based
discrimination
7. It defends people from racism
8. It helps promote equality between genders
9. It helps promote economic equality
10. It helps improve educational opportunities for
kids
PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL JUSTICS
1. Access to Resources
- Equal access to social goods is one of the
most fundamental principles of social
justice. This holds that society's resources
should be equally available to all.
2. Equity
- This may mean that resources are
distributed in a way that addresses the
specific needs of underprivileged
communities or people.
3. Participation
- Participation is the principle that everyone
in a community should have a voice in
making important decisions. In many
societies, public policies are set by a
small group of powerful people, without
consulting the communities they
represent.
4. Diversity
- Diversity is the principle that government
and business leaders should be broadly
representative of the communities they
serve. This means that not only should
there be women and people of color in
positions of power, but also that minority
communities should be equally
represented in public institutions.
5. Human Rights
- The final principle of social justice, and
arguably the most fundamental, is human
rights. In addition to political rights, such
as freedom of conscience, it also requires
freedom from police abuse and respect
for one's reproductive rights and bodily
autonomy
Topic 8 Option for the Bottom of the Pyramid
POVERTY
• It is a human condition of having insufficient
resources or income. In most extreme form,
poverty is a lack of basic human needs, such
as adequate and nutritious foods, clothing,
housing, clean water, and health services.
Where is hungry the worst?
1. Asia and the Pacific: 578M
2. Sub-Saharan Africa: 239M
3. Latin America & Caribbean: 54M
IMPORTANCE OF THIS PRINCIPLE
 • Demonstrate the sustained economic growth
leads to significant long term poverty
alleviations and on the other hand, that direct
pro-poor programs are insufficient and
sustainable.
• Stop the method of “fish” giving and improve
the “fishing skills training” business.
What is the so-called participatory approach to
empowerment?
- a pro poor principle approach, as this
approach can encourage the poor sector
to take the initiative rather than just be on
the receiving end of the program
- Microfinance institutions in the country
lend collateral free loans of up to 10,000
pesos to the marginalized to start
businesses and sustain livelihood
activities
PREFERENTIAL OPTION FOR THE POOR
• Refers to a trend throughout the Bible, of
preference being given to the well-being of
the poor and powerless of society.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PREFERENTIAL OPTION
FOR THE POOR
1. More than DOLE – OUTS
2. Transcends Public Relations
3. Genui9ne Commitment to Grassroot
Development
4. Personal Philosophy
5. Corporate Decision
6. An Opportunity
7. But Not Exclusive
8. Witness to Human Dignity
Concrete ways to strategize in favor of the
bottom of the pyramid.
MICRO – FINANCING
• Is a banking service provided to low-income
individuals or groups who have no access to
financial services.
• It allows people to take on reasonable small
business loans safety, and in a manner that is
consistent with ethical lending practices.
SOCIAL INVESTMENT IN EDUCATION
- Many studies have shown that the bes
CSR practices in poverty alleviation and
grassroots development has to start with
education
Topic 9 EARTH RESPONSIBILITY, GREEN
BUSINESS, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
EARTH ETHICS
• Is a subsection of philosophy that studies the
ethical relationship between people and the
natural environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP
• Is a theoretical term that captures the
contemporary reaction to the Biblical call for
human beings to exercise caring “dominion”
over all creation.
Why should businesses be seriously concerned
with the environment?
1. The environment is the main source of
raw materials for production, and it serves
as the main dumping ground for wastes
generated by production and consumption
patterns.
2. Environmental compliance costs are
steadily rising in many countries.
3. A growing number of individuals and
institutional investors are considering a
company’s environmental and social
performance in making investment
decisions.
Are forecast of things to come scientific and
reliable?
- Scientists are saying that, if a drastic
change in temperature or a chemical
imbalance occurs too quickly, earthly
organisms may not be able to adapt and
they may die. When something goes
wrong with one tiny thing, the whole
human-ecological community is affected
as we have discovered in other areas,
such as making small changes in the
quadrants.
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
• A process that “meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of
the future generations to meet their own
needs.
ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
1. Economic - must be able to produce goods
and services on a continuing basis.
 2. Environmental - must maintain a stable
resource base avoiding overexploitation of
renewable resource systems and depleting
non-renewable resources.
3. Social- must achieve, political accountability
and participation
GREEN BUSINESS
• which is more efficient and profitable while
saving the environment and creating jobs
(Hawken et al, 1999).
FOUR KEY AREAS
1. Lowering energy consumption & improving
efficiency
2. Eliminating waste and using sustainable
materials
3. Adhering to environmental laws, regulations,
and best practices
4. Purchasing green equipment, products, and
services
Topic 10 GOOD WORKING CONDITION
Good working condition
• Refers to the working environment and
aspects of an employee's terms and
conditions of employment. Working conditions
are at the core of paid work and employment
relationships.
• It involves:
➢ Working time - is the period of time that a
person spends at paid labor.
➢ Remuneration - is the period of time that a
person spends at paid labor.
➢ Physical Condition – include things like
lighting, the size of the space in which a
worker must perform her job, exposure to
potential toxins, allergens, nuclear or
biological hazards, and what kind of
physical strain (i.e. heavy lifting, a worker
can expect to undergo.
➢ Mental Condition - in the workplace refers
to employees' psychological, emotional,
and social well-being within a shared work
environment
Ways to achieve a GWC
- Protect employees
- Look at your actual working environment
- Host company events
- Healthy body = healthy mind
- Create strong lines of communication
- Promote diversity
- Provide opportunities for career
development
Benefits of having great workplace environment
- Boosts productivity
- Enhances creativity
- Encourages employees to take risk
- Reduces stress
- Retain and recruit talented employees
- Strengthens team work
Topic 11. Contractualization
CONTRACTUALIZATION
• Is a practice in Philippines where employees
have a contract of 5 to 6 months and after
their contract they will be removed from their
work.
WHEN DID CONTRACTUALIZATION CREATED?
• In 1974, Ernesto “Boy” Herera proposed
Contractualization to Former President FEM.
WHY DO WORKERS OPPOSES
CONTRACTUALIZATION?
• It violates the rights of the employees to have
its right salary and termination.
WHY CONTRACTUALIZATION IS BAD?
• Employees have no say about their rights
because the employer can fire
• Unpaid leaves, Pag-ibig, SSS, Philhealth.
WHY CONTRACTUALIZATION IS GOOD?
• Promotes staffing flexibility for companies
• Combining contract workers and regular
workers makes efficient and productive
workplace.
Topic 12 Anti-Sexual Harassment
Sexual Harassment
- It is an act or a series of acts involving
any unwelcome sexual advance, request
or demand for a sexual favor, or other
verbal or physical behavior of a sexual
nature, committed by a government
employee or official in a work-related,
training- or education- related
environment.
Types of Sexual harassment
 - Quid pro quo sexual harassment. A
quid pro quo sexual harassment occurs
when vital workplace decisions are made
on the basis of a person’s submission or
rejection of an unwanted sexual advance
or overture
- Hostile work environment sexual
harassment. A hostile work environment
is where sexual harassment occurs when
the unwelcome sexual advance creates
an offensive or intimidating working
environment that directly affects an
employee’s ability to do their job
Long Term Effects of Sexual Harassment
(a) Some of the emotions that victims of sexual
harassment experience are anger,
humiliation, shame, and a feeling of
powerlessness.
(b) Some of the emotions that victims of sexual
harassment experience are anger,
humiliation, shame, and a feeling of
powerlessness.
(c) Other effects of sexual harassment can
include loss of appetite, a change in sleeping
habits, anxiety, increased stress, and lowered
self-esteem.
(d) The physical long-term effects of sexual
harassment are just as dangerous as the
emotional effects. Victims of sexual
harassment are at risk of developing stomach
problems, headaches, and other physical
stress-related conditions.
What is the Present Law on Sexual Harassment?
“The Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995”
R.A. 7877, an “Act Declaring Sexual Harassment
Unlawful in the Employment, Education or Training
Environment, and for other purposes”
Who can violate Anti-Sexual Harassment Law of
1995?
- Any other person who has the authority,
influence or moral ascendancy against
any person over another in a work,
trainee, or educational environment. Or
any person who directs, or induces
another to commit the sexual harassment,
or cooperates with the commission of
another, without which it would not have
been committed.
What are the penalties for offenses of Sexual
Harassment?
- Imprisonment (Not less than 1 month but
not more than 6 months).
- Fine (Not less than P10,000 but not more
than P20,000).
- Or both. (Depending on the discretion of
the court)
Prevention for Sexual Harassment
- Monitoring workplace
- Educate and train everyone
- Adopt a strict sexual harassment policy
Topic 13. Eliminating Child labor
CHILD LABOR
• Exploitation of children who are deprived of
their childhood by work that prevents them
from attending school or causes physical,
mental, or social harm.
FACTS ABOUT CHILD LABOR
1. 160 million children are engaged in child
labor
2. Slavery is still a threat to children
3. Across all age groups, boys are more likely to
work than girls.
4. COVID-19 has had a serious impact on child
labor rates
What is a primary driver of child labor?
- POVERTY
WHAT ARE THE WORST FORM OF CHILD
LABOR?
1. Slavery - where a child is owned by and
made to work for another person without
having any say over what happens to them.
2. Child Trafficking - is about taking children out
of their protective environment and preying on
their vulnerability for the purpose of
exploitation.
3. Forced Recruitment - Forced recruitment of
children into armed forces or armed group a
means of terrorizing and blackmailing
civilians.
4. Prostitution - Child prostitution designates the
use of children for sexual activities in
exchange for remuneration or another form of
retribution.
5. The involvement of children in illicit activities -
Children involved in illicit activities are often
exposed to violence, which can severely
affect their mental and physical development.
WAYS TO ELIMINATE CHILD LABOUR?
 1. Stakeholders must take responsibility
2. Increased access to education
3. Provide support for children
4. Improve economic growth

WORKING TIME

• Is the period of time that a person spends at

paid labor.

REMUNERATION

• The payment or compensation received

for services or employment.
PHYSICAL CONDITIONS

• Include things like lighting the size of the

space in which a worker must perform her
job, exposure to potential toxins,
allergens, nuclear or biological hazards,
and what kind of physical strain.
MENTAL HEALTH

• In the workplace refers to employees’

psychological, emotional, and social well-
being within a shared work environment.

WAYS TO ACHIEVE A GOOD WORK

CONDITIONS
1. Protect Employees
2. Look at your actual working environment
3. Host company events
4. Healthy body = healthy mind
5. Create strong lines of communication
6. Promote diversity
7. Provide opportunities for career
development