CHICAGO STYLE

In-text
Citation
Also called author-date system.
Used when paraphrasing, summarizing and
quoting.
 INTRODUCTORY SENTENCE
Introduce the quote with a
full sentence followed by a
colon.
Use present-tense verbs
such as states, argues,
explains, writes, or reports,
to describe the content of
the quote.
Example:
In Denmark, a recent poll
shows that support for the EU
has grown since the Brexit
vote:
“A membership referendum
held today would be backed
by 55 percent of Danish
voters” (Levring 2018, 3).
 INTRODUCTORY SENTENCE

Introduce the quote with a Example:

full sentence followed by a

colon. Levring (2018) reports that

support for the EU has grown
since the Brexit vote:
Use present-tense verbs
“A membership referendum
such as states, argues, held today would be backed
explains, writes, or reports, by 55 percent of Danish
to describe the content of voters” (3).
the quote.
INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT

Use a signal phrase that mentions the author

or source, but doesn’t form a full sentence.
The phrase is followed with a comma instead
of a colon.
Example:
According to a recent poll, “A membership referendum
held today would be backed by 55 percent of Danish
voters” (Levring 2018, 3).
INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT

Use a signal phrase that mentions the author

or source, but doesn’t form a full sentence.
The phrase is followed with a comma instead
of a colon.
Example:
As Levring (2018) explains, “A membership referendum
held today would be backed by 55 percent of Danish
voters” (3).
 INTEGRATED IN THE SENTENCE

Example:

quotes a phrase that

A recent poll suggests that EU
doesn’t form a full membership “would be
sentence backed by 55 percent of
can also integrate it as Danish voters” in a referendum
part of your sentence. (Levring 2018, 3).
 INTEGRATED IN THE SENTENCE

Example:

quotes a phrase that

Levring (2018) reports that EU
doesn’t form a full membership “would be
sentence backed by 55 percent of
can also integrate it as Danish voters” in a referendum
part of your sentence. (3).
 MULTIPLE AUTHORS IN IN-TEXT CITATIONS

2 authors (Grazer and Fishman 2015)

3 authors (Berkman, Bauer, and Nold 2011)

4+ authors (Johnson et al. 2016)

 SOURCE WITH NO PUBLICATION DATE

Write “n.d.” (“no date”) in place of the date

(Smith n.d.)
 SOURCE WITH NO AUTHOR

If source is by an organization without a specific

author listed, list the organization as the author

(University of Glasgow 2019)

 SOURCE WITH NO AUTHOR
Use the title.
If the title is longer than four words, use a
shortened version of it starting with the first word
(excluding articles):

(Example Book 2012)

 SOURCE WITH NO AUTHOR

If a source is explicitly attributed to “Anonymous,”

this word should simply be used as a name.

(Anonymous 2011)