Jefferson Frank Careers and Hiring Guide 2021 22

2021 .
22
Jefferson Frank’s
Careers and Hiring Guide
edition
The ultimate source for the

latest career insights, hiring
trends and salaries in the
AWS community
Content
Executive summary 7 Attracting and retaining AWS talent 57
About this report 9 Equality, diversity and inclusion 61
Training and certifications in the ecosystem 10 Employment and industry demographics 72
Skills and experience 18 AWS events 74
Insights for AWS professionals 23 AWS Career Spotlights
Insights for AWS contractors 37 DevOps Engineer 77
Insights for AWS end users 41 Solutions Architect 81
Insights for AWS partners 53 Full Stack Developer 87
Data Engineer 91
Emerging Role Spotlight
Cloud Application Architect 95
AWS salaries 100
About us 110
Candidate Search 113

Jefferson Frank’s Careers and Hiring Guide: AWS Edition 2021-22
The Jefferson Frank Careers and Hiring Guide is an independent publication and
is neither affiliated with, nor authorized, sponsored, or approved by, Amazon Web
Services (AWS). Jefferson Frank International is a third-party recruitment firm and
not affiliated with AWS.
For information and advice on our AWS vacancies, contact
©2021 Tenth Revolution Group. All rights reserved.
your nearest Jefferson Frank office—our contact details are
All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. on the back page of this guide or at www.jeffersonfrank.com.
3 Jefferson Frank’s Careers and Hiring Guide 2021.22 4

Advice on how to
navigate this report:
Are you a job seeker?
Whether you're looking for a permanent or contract role, we’ve highlighted
some go-to insights that will help you progress your career and stay
competitive in the market:
• What training and certifications are most common in
the market - page 10
• What skills and experience make you an attractive candidate? – page 18
• What factors impact your earning potential? – page 24
• What perks are on offer in the jobs market? – page 30
Are you a..? Or are you aiming

• DevOps Engineer to become one?
• Solutions Architect Then turn to our new
Career Spotlight chapters
• Full Stack Developer
to help build a career
• Data Engineer strategy for success.
Are you looking to hire experienced

AWS professionals?
Are you an AWS customer or Consulting Partner?
Then the following chapters will help you identify the best talent:
• The top training and certifications held by candidates – page 10
• What skills and experience should you be looking out
for in candidates? – page 18
• What motivates an employee to accept a new role? – page 41
5 Jefferson Frank’s Careers and Hiring Guide 2021.22 Menu 6

Executive summary
Welcome to our brand-new Careers and Hiring Guide, which explores all the ‘important’ when deciding on whether or not to accept a job offer. With
latest recruitment trends and developments in the global AWS ecosystem. company laptops and home working now the norm, employers need
This new publication replaces our former salary survey report, as we strive to to get more creative with their benefits packages, particularly around
create the industry’s ultimate go-to resource on all things careers and hiring company culture, wellbeing, and work-life balance. However, a generous
in the AWS space. amount of paid time off (PTO) is still the number one employee benefit
that is most likely to entice a candidate into accepting a new role.
Across the following 100+ pages, you’ll find data and opinions on topics
such as certifications, sought-after skill sets, the most desired work perks, Equality, diversity, and inclusion continues to be a hot topic across
and contractor rates, plus insights into key issues currently impacting the the global tech industry at large, which is also reflected in the AWS
ecosystem, including remote working and diversity in the tech sector. community. Encouragingly, 73% of professionals believe their employer
champions equal rights, but as discussions in this guide show, more
We collated our exclusive findings through two main channels; self-reported still needs to be done at all levels within the sector to tackle persisting
data from an online survey, and data from vacancies and placements made inequalities and under-representation of marginalized groups.
by our AWS staffing brand, Jefferson Frank. Combined, this data has produced
the widest-ranging snapshot of the AWS space available anywhere in the With AWS reporting strong growth of 39% in the third quarter of 2021
world today. and generating $45 billion in 2020 net sales, up from $35 bn in 2019, it’s
clear that the tech giant is seeing a reacceleration of its revenue growth.
So let’s delve into our key findings and see what’s new in the AWS community. And all while continuing to lead the cloud infrastructure market, with
a 41% share reported by Gartner in 2020. Indeed, for our team of 250+
Certifications are still perceived as incredibly valuable, with 84% of
AWS consultants here at Jefferson Frank, it continues to be a thriving
professionals believing they help candidates stand out in a competitive job
and ever-evolving industry to operate within.
market and 65% of employers paying at least partially for their employees’
certifications. Professionals that reported a salary increase post-certification We hope our new guide will help you achieve your career goals or
received an average rise of 25%, demonstrating their tangible benefit. navigate hiring challenges in the current market. We’d also like to thank
everyone that contributed to and shaped our new publication, as we
Although certifications are shown to boost your market value, 93% of AWS
couldn’t have done it without your support.
professionals highlight IT experience as the most influential factor in inflating
your earning potential. You’re also more likely to earn a higher salary by If you’re keen to explore even more insights, advice, news, and expert
changing jobs, with 76% of our respondents securing more money when opinion, check out our Jefferson Frank blog, and don’t forget to look out
switching employers, averaging a bump up of 25% in their take-home pay. for our next global survey and have your say on the issues that matter
most in 2022.
Clearly, COVID-19 has impacted the entire cloud industry and fundamentally
changed how we all work. Unsurprisingly, our findings support this, with
remote working—once a hotly desired perk—now commonplace among AWS
professionals worldwide. Employees with the option to work from home full-
time increased from just 24% in pre-pandemic times to an astonishing 82%
during the outbreak. Heading into 2022, the evolution of remote and hybrid
working models will undoubtedly impact this figure, and we’ll be looking to
explore this trend further in next year’s survey.
James Lloyd-Townshend
As for workplace benefits, these continue to play a pivotal role in attracting Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
new talent. In fact, 85% of permanent AWS employees consider perks Jefferson Frank

About this report Training and certifications
This report is based on over 48,000 data points, including self-
in the ecosystem
reported survey information from 667 AWS professionals worldwide
during the coronavirus pandemic in 2021. Respondents span a
range of industries and come from a diverse range of personal and
Do AWS certifications help
professional backgrounds. professionals stand out in a
We’ve validated every survey response using robust statistical analysis competitive job market?
and automated data validation rules to be included in the final results.
Any data that didn’t pass our validation rules and statistical analysis Yes 84% No 6% Not sure 10%
or were deemed questionable, incomplete, or duplicate, were removed
so that the results published are meaningful and accurate.
The following should be taken into account Why do you believe that certifications make
when interpreting the data in this report: candidates more valuable to employers?
• Not all percentages add up to 100% due to some questions having Employers trust “Employers trust that certification reflects
multiple choice answers. certifications your knowledge of AWS.”
CEO, United States
• For single choice questions, answers are rounded, so not all
“Certifications give hiring managers a sense
responses will total 100%.
of confirmation when they ask candidates
about AWS experience.”
• Findings based on a small sample of results (i.e., under 5%) should
Senior Engineer - Quality Engineering,
be taken as indicative only.
United States
• For questions that asked for an open (qualitative) response, there They show credibility “AWS certification helps persons build
may be some overlap in the quotes used to identify the themes, credibility, knowledge and confidence by
with quotes illustrating more than one theme. validating their cloud expertise which, in turn,
helps to get better salary.”
• Themes identified when grouping qualitative responses are Project Manager, India
displayed in no particular order of importance and are purely
representative of the answers given. They demonstrate a “A certification, although not a true reflection
commitment to learning of AWS skills, does exhibit a person’s
about AWS commitment to the technology and a sense
of diligence towards learning AWS skills.”
AWS Solutions Architect, United States

They’re evidence that
candidates have an
“Although an AWS certification does not prove
that you know everything, it does show a good
What percentage of candidates
understanding of AWS understanding of how AWS works and how to hold a AWS certification?
use it to build better products and services.”
Site Reliability Engineer, United States Have a certification 59%
“AWS certification shows that you have a good Do not have a certification 23%
understanding of not only how to use AWS
services, but how to do so following convention Currently working towards
and best practices.” first certification 18%
Remote DevOps Engineer, United States
“Certification proves that you have at least 90% of those with certifications believe that they make
the basic understanding of the underlying you more marketable.
concepts.” DevOps Engineer, Australia
They document a high “[Certification] acknowledges that you know Top 10 AWS certifications held by candidates
level of competency your domain expertise and are competent in
with AWS executing, troubleshooting, and architecting
1 2 3
different functions in AWS.”
70% 40% 37%

Solutions Architect, United States
“[Certification] documents a high base-level

of competency and familiarity with the broad
offerings of AWS, and a systems-centric
approach to architectures.” AWS Certified Solutions AWS Certified Cloud AWS Certified
IT Director/CIO, United States Architect - Associate Practitioner - Foundation Developer - Associate
A number of certifications “Vendor-specific accreditation is required to

4 5 6
are required to be a AWS work for AWS partners at a professional level.”
29% 27% 16%

Partner Network (APN) Consultant, United Kingdom
Partner
Why don’t you believe that certifications make AWS Certified SysOps AWS Certified Solutions AWS Certified Security
candidates more valuable to employers? Administrator - Associate Architect - Professional - Specialty
Reasons for considering that certifications do not add value to a candidate 7 AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional 15%
can be grouped into two main themes:
8 AWS Certified Advanced Networking - Specialty 8%
• Practical experience with AWS is more important
• Certifications aren’t evidence that the candidate has enough 9 AWS Certified Machine Learning - Specialty 7%
experience of AWS
AWS Certified Data Analytics - Specialty (formerly AWS Certified
10 7%
Big Data - Specialty)

What can you learn from the top three certifications 60% of certified respondents gained their certifications during
the pandemic, using their time in lockdown or on furlough to
held by AWS professionals? upskill and advance their professional development.
AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner – Foundation Here is a breakdown of the top certifications professionals have gained
This entry-level certification validates foundational knowledge of AWS during the pandemic:
and cloud computing. To earn this certification, candidates will need to
1 AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate 21%
understand basic concepts involved in cloud computing, such as reliability,
elasticity, and scalability. Candidates will also need a good grasp on cloud 2 AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner - Foundation 21%
economics, including billing and pricing, and knowledge of architectural
and security best practices. It isn't a prerequisite for any more advanced 3 AWS Certified Developer - Associate 12%
certifications, but it does offer a great starting point for anyone looking to
4 AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional 12%
build a career in AWS. Many of the exam questions involve describing AWS
products and services, and their benefits, so earning this badge is a good 5 AWS Certified SysOps Administrator - Associate 11%
way to get up to speed on AWS's offering quickly, especially if you're new to
the cloud space. 6 AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional 7%
AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Associate 7 AWS Certified Security - Specialty 7%
The Solutions Architect's role is all about designing, implementing, and 8 AWS Certified Advanced Networking - Specialty 3%
maintaining high-quality cloud systems that help a business achieve its
9 AWS Certified Machine Learning - Specialty 3%
goals. This mid-level AWS certification is meant to test and verify the skills
it takes to deliver in this role. Intended for professionals with at least one AWS Certified Data Analytics - Specialty
10 3%
year of practical experience gathering requirements, conceiving solutions (formerly AWS Certified Big Data - Specialty)
that meet those requirements using the appropriate AWS services, and
following architectural and implementation best practices to deliver a
high-performing environment. To earn this certification, candidates have
What have professionals gained since
to pass an exam that covers the design of AWS architecture that is resilient, undertaking a certification?
efficient, secure, and cost-effective.
A way to verify my skills with AWS 61%
AWS Certified Developer – Associate Better career progression opportunities 58%
Another mid-level certification, this credential Better marketability to employers 50%
showcases the ability to develop, deploy, and debug Increased efficiency at my job 48%
solutions on the AWS cloud, following best practices
throughout the development lifecycle. It validates a
37% Recognition from my employer that my skills adhere to a
48%
professional standard
candidate's skills and understanding across five core
areas of cloud development; deployment, security, Improved and increased industry knowledge 44%
of respondents
development with AWS Services, refactoring, and A transferable industry qualification 34%
have undergone
monitoring and troubleshooting. As with other Transferable industry skills 31%
Associate certifications, candidates should have at
recertification
to maintain More trust from my employer 31%
least a year of hands-on experience working with
the platform before tackling the exam, and in-depth their AWS The ability to perform complex tasks more confidently 29%
knowledge of at least one programming language. Certified status. Other 3%

Are employers contributing towards the cost Top 10 certifications that will boost your pay
of certifications? Once again, the Solutions Architect - Professional certification tops
our list of certifications most likely to increase a professional’s earning
Yes, they paid for my certifications in full potential according to respondents.
Yes, they partially paid for my certifications
Yes, they fully paid for some certifications and partially paid for others 1 2 3
No, I paid for my certifications
67% 46% 38%

AWS Certified Solutions AWS Certified DevOps AWS Certified Security
48% 11% 6% 35% Architect - Professional Engineer - Professional – Specialty
How does gaining a certification impact

4 5 6
on your salary?
24% 23% 22%
56% Those that
reported
I believe my salary has increased earning a salary AWS Certified Advanced AWS Certified Data AWS Certified Solutions
since gaining a certification
increase post- Networking - Specialty Analytics - Specialty Architect - Associate
certification (formerly AWS Certified
44% received an
average raise
Big Data - Specialty)
I haven’t noticed a change in my of 25%.

salary since gaining a certification 7 AWS Certified Machine Learning – Specialty 18%
8 AWS Certified Database – Specialty 11%
Factors that motivate Employer funding for certifications 56% 9 AWS Certified SysOps Administrator - Associate 10%
professionals to get Promise of a pay increase after

gaining certification
45% 10 AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner - Foundation 8%
certified Paid time off to attend training or study 44%

We also asked those Guarantee of a promotion or a new 35%
professionals who don’t role after gaining certification
currently hold a certification, Discounted certifications 28%
nor are working towards one,
None of the above 13%
what would encourage them
to take a certification. Other 5%

Skills and experience
What AWS product types are candidates
experienced with?
AWS professionals tell us that these are the product types they
have experience with—if you want to stay competitive in the
market, these are the skill sets that you need.
Compute 76%
Storage 72%
Database 67%
Serverless 63%
Containers 57%
Networking & Content Delivery 51%
AWS Cost Management 48%
Security Identity & Compliance 44%
Developer Tools 41%
Migration & Transfer 34%
AWS Application Integration 29%
Amazon Analytics 26%
Machine Learning 24%
Front-End Web & Mobile 22%
Management & Governance 21%
There was no noticeable difference between

the modules that professionals employed by
end users and partners have experience with.

Cross-training Breaking into the industry
51% of those surveyed have cross-trained into AWS, having worked Over a half (59%) of AWS professionals do not believe you need to have a
with a competitor product before moving into the AWS ecosystem. degree to work with AWS.
Top 5 competitor products used before AWS Experience is more “A degree is helpful to find an entry-level
beneficial job, but otherwise experience with AWS
counts more.”
1 2 3 Data Scientist, Sweden
Google Microsoft “I find that long-term experience and

VMWare
Cloud Azure exposure to diverse and challenging projects
make for better engineers and architects,
and college degrees are not a guarantee of
comprehensive knowledge.”
32% 32% 9% IT Director/CIO, United States
4 5
There are lots of “Any IT-related topic can be learned from
IBM Oracle resources online to online sources.”
Cloud Cloud help you learn Full Stack Software Engineer, Germany
“Technical skills can be learned from various

online training providers.”
7% 4% Cloud Infrastructure Architect, Singapore
Colleges can’t keep “AWS changes so rapidly that what is taught

What are the most important DevOps- and Big up with the changing
landscape
in school is out of date by the time you’re
entering the job market.”
Data-related skills for a candidate to have? DevOps Engineer, United States
“Cloud is very new and always evolving.

We analyzed over 6,800 1 Java 9 Node.JS There are rarely classes with up-to-date
AWS placements and jobs
2 Python 10 .NET learning material relevant to current
made with Jefferson Frank
generation of services offered by AWS.”
and these are the DevOps- 3 Kubernetes 11 Ansible Technical Architect, United States
and Big Data-related skills 4 Javascript 12 Jenkins
that are most frequently
requested by employers. 5 Docker 13 SQL
6 React.JS
14 Git
7 Linux “Experience is the most importance factor [for your earning potential],
15 Golang (Go) even with a certification. Juniors should showcase projects in github,
8 Terraform
gitlab, and blogs.”
Site Reliability Engineer, United States
Why might a degree be useful when
working with AWS?
The third (32%) of respondents that consider a degree to be important,
cited reasons including:
Degrees equip you with “While AWS offers a specific technical

non-technical skill sets level of skill, a university degree offers
other skills and experiences that are also
important. The ability to work in teams,
the ability to think critically, the ability
to work on deadlines, and the ability to
get constructive feedback are non-AWS
experiences/skills that you need in today’s
workplace.”
Pre-Sales Architect, United States
“Degrees imply a broad educational

experience and exposure to a number of
different topics intellectually, as well as
showing proven ability to problem-solve,
finish deliverables on a deadline, and work
on multiple projects simultaneously. AWS
integration involves working with a number
of applications, all working together
simultaneously to solve a problem, and
having an educational background that
proves your ability to work in such a matter
is a prerequisite to being a professional IT
worker.”
Database Consultant, United States
They demonstrate a “A degree is important no matter what

level of commitment company someone works with because it
shows the determination to follow through
on a long-term goal.”
Site Reliability Engineer, United States

Insights for AWS professionals Factors that impact on your
Where to go to learn about AWS earning potential
Whether you're looking for certification tips, hiring advice, or updates on the Survey respondents were asked to rank factors most likely to increase
latest products, our blog is valuable resource for all things AWS. As well as earning potential, with years of IT experience topping the list as the
breaking news from the ecosystem and guides to the biggest tech events, we
biggest influence on salary.
also share advice on upskilling as an AWS professional, and practical, expert-led
tips on making the most out of your AWS environment. Important Useful Unimportant
Recommended resources Years of experience in IT 93% 7% 1%

Exposure to large projects 87% 11% 3%
Official AWS material: Years of technical experience
85% 12% 3%
AWS official blog | aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/ with AWS
AWS Documentation | docs.aws.amazon.com/ AWS certifications 68% 21% 10%
What's New with AWS? | aws.amazon.com/new/ University degree(s) 64% 21% 15%
AWS News Blog: Jeff Barr | aws.amazon.com/blogs/aws/author/jbarr/ Specific vertical industry
63% 30% 7%
AWS Whitepapers & Guides | aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/ experience
AWS Podcast Series | aws.amazon.com/podcasts/aws-techchat/ Years of experience working
49% 37% 14%
for an end user
Years of experience working for
Other AWS knowledge banks: Twitter handles and 47% 36% 17%
a partner organization
hashtags to increase
A Cloud Guru | acloudguru.com/
your AWS knowledge
Last week in AWS | lastweekinaws.com/ Other factors mentioned by respondents as having an impact on earning
@AWSsupport
potential include:
udemy.com | udemy.com/ @acloudguru
Coursera | coursera.org/ • The ability to demonstrate your technical skills
@ServerlessChats
• A demonstrable track record of achievement or success
Pluralsight | pluralsight.com/ @jeffbarr
• Experience with open-source technologies
• A diverse technological background
YouTube Channels Why not give us a follow
• Ability and willingness to embrace changing project requirements
Amazon Web Services @_JeffersonFrank
• Good interpersonal skills
Twitter handles recommended by Jefferson Frank • A willingness to learn

• Strong work ethic
@jayendra_patil @aws_edu #AWS
• Knowledge of specialized computer science technologies and
@faermanj @awsdevelopers #AWScommunity
specialties, such as Automatic Speech Recognition, Natural Language
@awscloud #AWScertified Processing and Deep Learning

What is on offer in the Why have some professionals experienced a
pay increase during the pandemic?
jobs market? We asked respondents that work for an end user why they believed their
pay has increased since the pandemic. Reasons cited were:
Did your salary change when you
last changed jobs? Increased demand for AWS professionals has upped my market
value and my employer wants to keep me
My organization offered staff pay rises due to the hard work they
Yes, my salary increased 76% put in during the pandemic
No, my salary stayed the same 12%
Increased opportunities for remote work has increased my job
Yes, my salary decreased 5% options and my employer wants to keep me
Not applicable 8%
The pandemic made my organization recognize the
value of my work
Those that experienced a salary increase when changing There's a lack of AWS talent in the market and my employer wants
jobs saw their pay rise by 25% on average. to keep me
My organization is more profitable than before COVID-19

We asked those who took a pay cut when they changed jobs to
share their reasoning.
My organization made staffing cuts and I have taken on more work
The top 5 responses were:
Other
1. To take on more responsibility
2. For a better company culture
44%
3. To be able to work remotely
4. To gain experience with different projects or products
5. The new role offered flexible working 27% 25% 24%
22%
15% 15%
How has the COVID-19
pandemic affected pay? 3%
62% 62% of respondents experienced a pay increase

since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic: 48%
of these respondents received a pay rise without ‘Other’ responses from end users include an increase unrelated to
a promotion, 20% received a promotion, and COVID-19, for example annual salary increases.
32% moved jobs.

We also asked those that work for partner organizations why they believe
their pay has increased since the pandemic, with reasons including:
Pay increases
Increased demand for AWS professionals has increased my market Are employees negotiating pay increases?
value and my employer wants to keep me
Increased demand for AWS services means my organization has
more clients than before COVID-19
Increased opportunities for remote work has increased my job
options and my employer wants to keep me
There's a lack of AWS talent in the market and my employer wants
to keep me 58% 37% 5%
The pandemic made my organization recognize the value Yes, I’ve negotiated No, I’ve never negotiated Not applicable
of my work a pay increase a pay increase
My organization made staffing cuts and I have taken on more work
After negotiating with their employer, 88% of employees
My organization offered staff pay rises due to the hard work they gained a pay increase.
put in during the pandemic
On average, those that gained a salary increase after negotiating with
Other their employer saw their pay rise by 17%.
67% Why have some employees never negotiated a

pay increase?
Reasons for having never negotiated a pay increase can be grouped into
39% six themes:
31% 33% • My organization provides regular incremental pay increases
• There is no need to negotiate as my employer pays according to the

industry standard for my role
14% 14%
• I don’t need to ask, as increases are based on performance reviews
3% 3%
• I’m not confident enough to ask for a pay increase
• My salary has increased alongside a change to my responsibilities
• I’ve not been with the organization long enough to negotiate
See our salary tables on page 100 to better understand your worth and
compare your salary against your peers.

Are employees comfortable asking for a
pay increase?
Rewards and recognition
Over two-fifths (42%) of those that have never negotiated a pay Prior to COVID-19, what employee benefits
increase would feel comfortable asking for one, while a further 27% feel
uncomfortable having that conversation. were AWS professionals receiving?
Surprisingly, 52% of those that have never previously negotiated tell us 1 Company laptop 74%
that they’d be likely to have such a conversation with their employer
in the coming 12 months. 2 4 weeks or more paid time off 52%
3 Health/medical insurance 48%
Counteroffers
4 Life insurance 46%
5 Homeworking 46%
6 Retirement savings plan/401(k) 45%

47% of professionals have received a counteroffer
after resigning from a role. A counteroffer is an 7 Bonus (monthly/bi-annual/year-end bonus) 43%
offer provided by your employer intended to
47% make you reconsider your resignation. 8
9
Flexible working hours
Dental plan
41%
40%
36% of those that have received a counteroffer
accepted it, and only 24% later regretted the 10 Casual dress policy 36%
decision.
Most reasons cited for regretting the decision to accept the counteroffer
can be summed up by one respondent’s statement:
What unique work perks are on offer?
“Although I have a new position and higher salary, the same

issues that frustrated me are still there and the promotion wasn't
enough to fix them.”
Systems Engineer, United States
Pet insurance Bring your own device Relocation options
On average, professionals that stayed with their employer after receiving (BYOD) stipend
a counteroffer remained in the organization for a further 3.4 years.
Discounted technology Games room

Has COVID-19 The future of work
impacted work perks? The tech sector has long been at the forefront of the remote working
36% 36% of respondents tell us their employee
trend, with many professionals able to do their job entirely from home. 
benefits have changed since the pandemic, with Even so, the increase in adoption of remote work has been colossal
changes including: since the start of the pandemic, with even those businesses in
industries previously averse to home working making the switch. Many
• Homeworking companies have embraced remote working, and see this as a longer
term solution to workforce management. At Jefferson Frank, we’ve
• New or extended medical coverage to include COVID-19 protection seen a significant increase in the number of candidates placed on a
permanent basis who’ll be working fully remotely. 
• Home office stipend, including in some instances a reimbursement of
the employees' internet bill We’ve also seen companies who are reluctant to adopt remote working,
or who are not equipped to operate a remote workforce, unable to
• Changes to 401k/retirement savings plan with either a reduction or a
commit to hires; this has led to an increase in demand for interim hires
removal of, and subsequent reinstatement of the benefit
and contractors. 
• Flexible working arrangements
Since the advent of the COVID-19 vaccine, many professionals have
• No office breakfast or lunch provided begun returning to offices, however this period has undoubtedly
sparked a new appetite for more flexible working options.
• Office gym rescinded Professionals are increasingly seeking either full-time remote
positions, or at least some remote flexibility. 
How many employers are offering remote As businesses compete for the best talent, particularly in skill-scarce
working prior to and during COVID? sectors like tech, employers will need to rise to the demand for
remote and flexible work to attract candidates. That means not only
facilitating remote workers, but also developing policies that allow
Prior to COVID-19 During COVID-19 employees to manage their work-life balance. 
82%
Adapting to these changing attitudes to work is crucial if employers
want to put themselves at the front of the line for the best
professionals. As our expectations around how we work on a daily basis
continue to evolve, those who do not stay in step will risk losing out to
competitors with more progressive employee value propositions. 
37%
24%
17% Average working hours
12% 9%
4% 5% Permanent employees who took part in our survey work between 9
2% 3% 1% 5%
and 63 hours per week, with the average being 43 hours.
None 1 day 2 days 3 days 4 days Full-time

remote
working

Paid time off by region Has working overtime changed prior to and
Professionals working in a permanent role tell us that they receive on during COVID?
average 22 days of paid time off (PTO) a year.
How often do you/did you work overtime?
The PTO received by our respondents varies massively, not only by
country, due to different employment standards around the world, but
Prior to COVID-19
also from employer to employer.
During COVID-19
Even within a single country, the amount of PTO offered by companies
can differ based on a whole range of factors, like industry standards, or
internal policy; some may seem to offer less PTO, for example, but in fact 30% 29%
have other policies in place for employee leave. In talent-scarce sectors 20% 22% 23%
16% 18%
like tech, many businesses are offering more PTO to try and attract 13%
10% 8%
the best talent and create a strong employee value proposition; some 5% 5%
companies now even offer unlimited PTO.
Never Rarely Sometimes Usually Always I am contracted to
See below for average PTO days by country: work to the business
needs rather than
set hours
36% of
27 Days
respondents in United
Kingdom The rise in home working since early 2020 could be one reason that
the United States
many respondents are working overtime on a more consistent basis. For
are offered
19 Days unlimited
a lot of professionals, starting work a little earlier or staying a bit later has
become an easy habit to slip into without the daily commute to serve as
United States of America annual leave.
a barrier between work and home. Plus, with so much of our usual social
and leisure activities on pause during lockdowns, there has been little to
tear us away from our desks.
29 Days
Italy Even without taking into consideration the increasingly blurred lines
between our personal and professional lives, workloads for professionals
across the cloud ecosystem have ballooned as the demand for digital
transformation services continues to grow.
33 Days 29 Days Add in the fact that some organizations have found themselves under-
Belgium Germany resourced due to furloughs or staff illness, and it's no surprise that more
of our respondents are working longer hours.
Are AWS professionals experiencing burnout?

Burnout is defined by exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy, or the stress
25 Days
25 Days Spain
that’s generated by being in a constant state of busyness and the feeling
Netherlands that no amount of effort is ever good enough.

Have you experienced burnout in
your current role?
Permanent employees Yes No Not sure
Prior to COVID-19 37% 55% 7%
During COVID-19 43% 50% 6%
Contractors Yes No Not sure

Prior to COVID-19 31% 64% 4%
During COVID-19 22% 73% 4%
The future workplace

Are AWS professionals happy to work in the office five
days a week going forward?
Yes 16%
No, I'd prefer to work fully remotely 38%
No, I'd prefer hybrid working
(e.g. some of the time in the office
46%
and some at another remote
location/home)
Additionally, 82% of AWS professionals tell us the ability to work

remotely in their role is important to them.
How often are AWS professionals

traveling for work?
Prior to COVID-19 During COVID-19 Despite the drop in
Never 21% 73% work-related travel
Rarely 29% 18% during the pandemic,
68% of respondents
Sometimes 28% 7%
tell us they would be
Usually 17% 2% prepared to travel for
Always 6% 1% their job going forward.

Insights for AWS contractors W-2 vs 1099: What does it
mean for contractors?
Contractor workload If you're an AWS contractor in the US, you'll no doubt be familiar
with Form 1099; this form is issued to self-employed or freelance
The freelancers that took part in our survey work an average of 40 hours a professionals as a means to report their income to the IRS and pay
week, although this varies between 14 and 56 hours per week. their taxes.
How often are contractors working outside of If that doesn't mean much to you, then you're probably what's
known as a W-2 employee; you're on the payroll, your employer
their contracted hours? pays your taxes on your behalf, and you get handed a W-2 form to
outline what you've earned and the taxes you've paid in any given
Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never financial year.
But the difference between the two isn't just the way you pay
your taxes. Being a 1099 employee means you're classified as an
independent contractor, and as a result, you're not entitled to benefits
like pension plans, insurance, and vacation pay. The upside of this is
16% 31% 27% 18% 9% that employers don't have control over how and when you work.
There are many pros and cons to both of these setups. For many
Average total contract length: 8 months professionals, operating as a 1099 contractor allows them flexibility
Two years and four months was the longest contract length. and freedom, while some prefer the structure and relative stability
of a W-2 role.
13% of freelancers have worked on projects that have lasted
12 months or more. What's important is understanding the difference between
these employment types—and what exactly makes you a 1099
employee rather than a W-2—so you can ensure you're not being
Average number of current clients: 3 short-changed by your employer. So how do you determine
whether you're being classified correctly?
Most clients worked with at any one time: 7
According to the IRS, the general rule is that if the organization
38% of freelancers are only working for one client.
you work for controls only the result of the work, not how, when,
or with what tools or equipment it will be done, then you are an
Are contractors traveling for work? independent contractor. If the organization is directing the work
being performed or setting your hours and schedule, then you're an
Fractionally employee, and you should be receiving all the benefits offered by
Prior to COVID-19 During COVID-19
lower than perm an employer to in-house staff.
Never 11% 61%
employees, 62%
Rarely 33% 30% of contractors tell
Sometimes 33% 5% us they would be
Usually 13% 2% prepared to travel
for their job
Always 9% 2% going forward.

How to increase your contract rate
Whether you’re an experienced AWS contractor benchmarking your rates, or
Attraction and retention
you’re thinking about making the switch to contracting, getting paid what
you’re worth can be tricky. Here are a few ways you can work out what you
What makes a contractor accept a contract offer?
should be charging, and how you can level-up your rates.
Invest in your brand Get certified

As a freelance contractor, you The general rule of thumb in contracting 93% 80% 67% 51%
are the product. And when you're is the more you know, the more you
selling any product, spending a can earn. Adding credible, relevant
little time on the packaging can certifications to your resume is a great
go a long way. Showcasing your way to boost your curb appeal as a Earning Ability to work Technologies Flexible hours
achievements and the impact contractor. Certifications give employers potential remotely used in project
you've had for past clients will a reliable, industry-recognized
boost your curb appeal, land shorthand that helps them match
you more business, and offer your skills to their project needs, and
tangible proof of your abilities gives them assurances that you have Duration of project 49% Complexity of project 24%
that will help justify a higher rate. the knowledge to tackle the job at
Management philosophy 29% Quality standards 22%
Put together a portfolio of your hand. Clients want to know that they're
work, ask for testimonials and getting the most up-to-date know-how Size of project 24% Other 13%
references from happy customers, from their contractors too, so having
and write case studies outlining recent certifications can demonstrate
the things you've accomplished that you're keeping pace with the latest
‘Other’ responses include the company culture and the ethos of the team.
on previous jobs. Social proof is developments in your niche.
a core factor when it comes to
Watch out for scope-creep
clients sizing you up, so show off
your best side and demonstrate
What are the top 5 attributes you need
Everyone working in tech knows
why you're worth more. that what gets mapped out in the to be a contractor?
requirements is rarely the only work
Evaluate your experience that ends up being done. If you're We asked contractors what are the most important qualities needed
working on a contract that's on the to succeed as a self-employed AWS professional, and the top five
Experience is your biggest draw longer side, the chances are that your responses were:
as a contractor. The more jobs skills, knowledge, and expertise have
you work on, the more practical, grown during the time you've been
hands-on experience you gain, working for a particular client. Or it 1 Technical expertise 76%
and the greater impact you can could be the case that the job has
make on a client's project. Make changed over time, expectations on Soft skills (e.g. communication, teamwork and
sure you take stock of your 2 64%
you have shifted, or the notorious problem-solving skills)
experience levels every quarter, scope-creep has resulted in you doing
updating all your professional additional work not initially outlined 3 Adaptability 44%
collateral with your latest projects in your agreement. If you find yourself
and re-evaluate your rates to in such a situation, it's perfectly 4 General experience in the technology industry 36%
ensure you're not under-pricing reasonable to seek out a bump in
your expertise. your rates. 5 Drive and enthusiasm 29%

Insights for AWS end users Bonuses are another work perk that can vary hugely within the AWS
industry, particularly when it comes to the type of organization you work
for. For instance, professionals employed by an end user often receive

annual or end-of-year bonuses along with the rest of the company's
employees both technical and otherwise. Those working for an AWS
partner or ISV, however, are often more heavily incentivized, and may
What encourages a candidate to take a role? receive monthly bonuses related to their billable hours. Your position on
the career ladder can affect bonuses too; a junior AWS professional might
We asked permanent employees what attracted them to their current receive a smaller bonus, but those in more established roles, such as
role, with responses aligning with eight themes: Solutions Architects, often earn bonuses in the double digits.
• Opportunities for career growth
• Personal development opportunities 85% of permanent Motivation to move from a partner
• The chance to work in a challenging role employees tell us to an end user
that, salary aside,
• The chance to learn a greater range of skills Almost two-thirds (65%) of partner employees would consider working
workplace benefits for an end user, and cited the following factors that would encourage
• The chance to pursue a better cultural fit are important them to make this move:
• Ability to escape a toxic work culture when deciding
• The challenge of working for a startup
whether or not they 1 Better work-life balance 56%
will accept a job. 2 Ability to work remotely 54%
• The opportunity to work remotely
3
What perks entice a candidate to accept or More stability 42%
4
consider a new role? Better career progression opportunities 41%
5 Possibility to develop skills across different AWS products 41%

1 4 weeks or more paid time off 36%
6 Better training and learning opportunities 39%
2 Bonus (monthly/bi-annual/year-end) 32%
7 Ownership over a project/system 31%
3 Homeworking 29%
8 Better benefits 29%
4 Flexible working hours 23%
9 Less stress 27%
5 Health/medical insurance 20%
10 Less travel 25%
6 Retirement savings plan/401(k) 16%
11 More consistency 22%
7 Shares in the company/reduced priced shares in the company 15%
The promise of a better work-life balance is the top reason AWS
8 Training and development opportunities 13% professionals currently employed by a partner would consider moving
to a role with an AWS end user. This is understandable; while taking on
9 Company laptop 6%
the fast-paced, client-facing work typically involved in role at a partner
can equate to a higher salary, it can also mean longer hours and frequent
10 Education/training allowance 6%
travel to client sites.

The factors cited on the previous page should be noted by AWS end users
who are looking to attract talent, particularly those currently working What do employers need to
for a partner organization. Highlighting good work-life balance, remote
working options, and offering stability can help your roles appeal to
talent looking for more constancy in their roles.
prioritize to maximize employee
We also asked the 15% of respondents who could not see themselves
making the move to an end user why they wouldn’t consider it, and their
happiness and retention?
reasons were:
How satisfied are employees?
We asked our survey participants to rate their job satisfaction in a
number of different areas:
Satisfied Neutral Dissatisfied
Colleagues 77% 18% 5%
Benefits 72% 18% 10%
Working hours 71% 19% 9%
Work-life balance 69% 21% 10%
64% 50% 43% Company culture 62% 22% 16%
Training and Development 54% 32% 14%
I’m happy in my I prefer There may be a
current role consultancy work lack of variety in Career progression 53% 27% 20%
the work Overall job satisfaction 64% 22% 14%
How can you boost employee satisfaction?

Potential lack of flexibility I like working with Based on the responses from our respondents, there are a few key areas
36% 21%
with working hours different clients that are most likely to impact to employee satisfaction. Here are a few
It would mean a drop in I've no interest in working quick tips on addressing these areas:
29% 7%
my earnings for someone else Work on your company culture. Talented professionals are placing
increasing importance on the culture of their employers these days.
Working for an organization that shares their values, engages with their
employees, and works toward a greater purpose is a top motivator for many
See page 53 to find out what would motivate end user employees to in the tech space, so developing (and showcasing) your internal culture as
work for a partner organization. well as your service offering will help you attract and retain great staff.
Finding out what would tempt their employees away can help partner Offer training and development. Your best employees want to keep
organizations retain their staff. Many of the factors above, like the need learning and furthering their skills, so make sure you offer them plenty
to travel to client sites and working on multiple systems at one time, are of opportunities to do so, whether that's arranging training courses,
unavoidable when working for a partner, but there are things that partner paying for certifications, or carving out time in schedules so staff can take
organizations can do to address some of their employees' pain points. regular L&D time. Though financial compensation is always important,
Offering remote working when not on-site, for example, minimizing we're increasingly seeing training and development mentioned by
travel where possible, and having a defined and fully supported career candidates among the top reasons they're looking to change roles.
pathway in place could help reduce turnover. Professional growth is central to job satisfaction; professionals want to

continually upskill and learn new things throughout their careers, and
are putting growing emphasis on finding roles that support and facilitate
What motivates an employee to
this kind of development. consider a new role?
Create clear career progression routes. Employees will be more engaged The top 10 reasons are:
and motivated if they have a goal to aim for, so having clear career
pathways through your organization is vital. Make sure your employees
know what their options for progression are, what they need to do to 1 2 3
move forward, and what resources are available to help them get there.
Don’t leave anyone wondering what their next steps are, because the
chances are, they’ll look to take those steps elsewhere. 53% 52% 40%
How satisfied are employees with their salary?
Almost two-thirds (61%) of professionals are satisfied with their salary. Lack of salary increase/ Lack of career Need for new
The 19% of respondents that are dissatisfied cited the following reasons: earnings increase and promotional challenges
• My salary is not in line with the industry standard and I’m earning prospects
below the market rate
• Iundertake responsibilities beyond my current grade and position but 4 5 6
I’m not being compensated for it
• Ifeel undervalued for the work that I do
33% 31% 26%
What training and development do AWS
professionals feel they lack? I’m underutilized Working environment/ I’m underappreciated
• AWS-specific technical training (including certifications) in my current role/ company culture in my current
• Machine Learning and AI company company
• Advanced technical training
(including implementation, coding and scripting)
7 Lack of leadership and vision 24%
• Change management
• Data science 8 Desire/ability to work remotely 17%
• Databases, SQL and containers 9 Lack of exposure to latest AWS products 16%
• DevOps and Big Data tools (including Python, Java and Kubernetes)
10 To relocate to another country 12%
• Management training
• Cloud security
Are employees looking to change employer?

45% of those that are looking to leave their employer
45%
Almost a quarter (42%) of respondents in permanent roles expect to be within 12 months said they would be unlikely to
working for their current employer in the coming year, while 24% are actively accept a role that involved working in an office five
looking for a new role. A further 13% expect to leave but aren’t currently job days a week.
hunting, and the remaining 21% are unsure if they will stay or go.

Are organizations 71% of AWS
customers have
Who supported the organization
integrating AWS through the migration?
71% integrated their
AWS product
with non-AWS with a non-AWS

product.
In-house employee(s)/internal
resources
69%
Of those organizations that
used in-house employees,
products?
25% also enlisted the
AWS Consulting Partner 38% help of an AWS Consulting
Independent contractor 21% Partner, and a further
What non-AWS products are customers AWS ISV 14%

21% sought help from an
independent contractor to
integrating AWS with? Not sure 6% assist their internal staff.
1 1 2 3 4
Microsoft Google
What challenges might you expect when
Oracle Salesforce VMware
Azure Cloud working with a partner?
• Costing and services models can be tough to manage
Some respondents also noted that their on-premise AWS product has • Lack of availability due to their project engagement load
custom-built applications attached. with other clients
• Lack of knowledge about specific industry requirements
According to partners, what challenges do end

Implementation and migration users face when migrating to AWS?
Has your organization migrated to AWS We asked those that work for a partner what challenges their clients
in the last year? commonly face during a migration to AWS—difficulties include:
• Lack of employee skills in-house
Yes, moved from another cloud product/service • Managing the costs of the project
Yes, moved from an on-premise environment • Lack of understanding of applications internally

• Data migration issues
No
• Application integration issues
Not sure
• Project scope-creep
• Poor planning
• No change enablement
• Failure to obtain stakeholder buy-in
7% 39% 45% 9% • Security and data privacy issues

Top 10 reasons that organizations choose to AWS go-live delays
implement AWS 43% of organizations experienced a delay on their scheduled AWS go-live.
1 2 3 How long were these delays?
60% 54% 43% Less than 1 month

1-3 months
3%
41%
7-9 months
10-12 months 16%
6%
4-6 months 25% 12+ months 9%
Desire to reduce costs Functionality of the Desire to move

product/services to the cloud What factors caused the delay?
Poor planning prior to migration 59% ‘Other’ responses
4 5 6 include COVID-19
Data migration issues 50%
38% 38% 35%

and security
Staff shortages 29%
concerns.
Issues with testing 29%
Delays in training staff 18%
Budget shortages 18%
Need to increase Variety of products/ Need for global Other 6%
business services capabilities
responsiveness
Top 10 challenges that organizations faced during
7 Ease of user adoption/user friendliness 27% an implementation
8 Trusted products/services 27%
1 Lack of appropriate skills internally 54%
9 Ease of migration 20%
2 Difficulties migrating data from a legacy environment to AWS 48%
10 Ability to integrate with third-party vendors 10%
3 The business was not ready for the change 34%
4 Integrating AWS with other product(s) 27%

How long do migrations to AWS take? 5 User adoption challenges 23%
0-6 months 20% 6 Lack of appropriate skills available in the market 22%
7-12 months 27% 7 Difficulties managing projects 18%
13-18 months 20% 8 Difficulties hitting deadlines 17%
19-24 months 16% 9 Lack of stakeholder buy-in 17%

25-30 months 5% 10 Loss of productivity during the migration 16%
31-36 months 7%
More than a half (54%) faced challenges with their implementation
37+ months 5% because they lacked the appropriate skills internally.

Is a lack of AWS knowledge impacting
your project?
If you’re migrating to a new environment, implementing a new
service, or developing applications, knowledge gaps within your
team can put the brakes on your AWS project. If you need some
extra muscle to deliver on your cloud goals, adding some short-
term, expert resource to your bench can make all the difference.
Jefferson Frank’s extensive database of pre-qualified AWS

professionals means we can deliver the talent you need to get
your project over the line quickly. By tapping into our unrivaled
network of cloud talent, you can find a contractor with the exact
skills and experience you’re missing, providing an impactful and
cost-effective solution to your skills gap issues.
Start your search in just a few clicks by visiting

jeffersonfrank.com/candidate-search

Insights for AWS partners Our survey data suggests that there are a considerable number of
AWS professionals currently employed by an end user that would
take a job with a partner. This will no doubt be music to the ears

of many AWS partners looking to grow their workforce as demand
for their services increases.
Greater earning potential, the chance to broaden their AWS

Motivation to work for a AWS Partner knowledge and skills, and better professional development
Three-fifths (64%) of end user employees that responded to the survey opportunities were the top reasons that professionals would
would consider working for a AWS partner. Factors cited as most likely to consider working for a partner. Partners should take note of these
attract end user employees to a role with a partner include: factors when recruiting new staff, and lean into the upskilling
angle; the best tech professionals always want to be learning
Higher earning potential 80% and developing their craft, so showcasing your training and
development opportunities will better position partners to attract
Opportunities to expand on skills, knowledge, and experience with top talent from both inside and outside of the partner ecosystem.
79%
AWS products
This data also provides useful insight for end user organizations
Professional development 72%
looking to retain staff. Although higher earning power was a
Ability to work on a diverse range of projects 62% primary motivator, many professionals were looking for better
opportunities to upskill and develop their careers. End user
Chance to tackle different challenges 50%
organizations should work on putting robust learning and
Scope to make better use of my skills 46% development options in place to engage their employees and
help cut down turnover. Providing training for employees to
The chance to work with a variety of organizations 44%
get to know AWS better, paying for certifications, and giving
Flexibility in lifestyle 36% professionals time and scope to optimize and develop new
solutions within their AWS platform is a good place to start.
Other 1%
See page 42 on the motivations of partner employees
We also asked the 18% of respondents who would not work for a partner considering the move to an end user.
why they wouldn't make the move, with reasons including:
I'm happy in my current role

How satisfied are partner employees?
Largely, professionals working for AWS partners and ISVs
I enjoy solving problems from within the business
are happy in their roles—65% say they're satisfied with their
I've worked for a partner previously, but I prefer the end user job overall.
environment
I'm not interested in working for a partner
However, while
I prefer working on one big project 55% are satisfied
55% 21% with their salary,
21% are not
satisfied.
42% 42% 17% 17% 8%

Demand for partner services Implementation of third-party integrations
Partner employees believe their clients are more likely to implement
an additional AWS product (40%), than they are to implement both an
How has demand for AWS changed since additional AWS product and a third-party integration (39%) or a third-
the pandemic? party integration (12%) alone.
Prior to COVID-19 During COVID-19
Increased 36% 52%
What are the potential project pitfalls when
Stayed the same 61% 39% working with end user clients?
Reduced 1% 7%
We asked those that work for a partner about the typical challenges they
Not sure 2% 2% face when working with an end user client so that you may look to plan
for these in your next project—responses include:
Top 10 AWS areas most in-demand with
• Budgeting issues • Data security issues
partners clients in the last year • Not having a clear objective in • Difficulties migrating data from
mind for what they want their the legacy environment
1 Compute 52%
AWS product to do
• Trust of the cloud
2 Serverless 46% • Trying to take on more than they
• Unclear roles and responsibilities
3 Containers 44% can handle, without having the
skill set in-house to achieve the • Lack of understanding of cloud
4 Storage 37% objective concepts, cloud advantages,
5 Database 35% • Scope creep and cloud security
6 Migration & Transfer 35% • Lack of communication between • Reluctance of some staff to
stakeholders change to a new technology
7 Machine Learning 30%
• Competing priorities • Slow adoption
8 Security Identity & Compliance 29%
9 Developer Tools 28%

Outsourcing development
10 Networking & Content Delivery 26%
42% of partner Increased efficiency in completing client projects 34%
organizations
How has demand for migrations changed outsource their
Decreased cost of projects to clients 34%
Ability to complete more client projects 27%
since the pandemic? development to
Loss of control over quality 26%
other countries.
Prior to COVID-19 During COVID-19 What do people No long term impact 18%
Increased 32% 49% consider to be Decreased quality of code 18%
Not changed 51% 29% the long-term Loss of competitive advantage 6%
impacts of
Reduced 3% 12% Not sure 14%
outsourcing
Not sure 14% 10% development? Other 1%

Attracting and retaining Motivation to move from freelancing to a
permanent role
AWS talent A third (33%) of freelancers that responded to the survey would consider
switching to a permanent role in the coming year.
Motivation to move Higher earning potential
The top 10 factors most likely to attract a contractor to a permanent
from a permanent Flexibility in lifestyle
role include:
role to freelancing Chance to work on different projects
1 2 3
Exposure to the latest technology
Just over a third (36%) of
permanent professionals tell Ability to be your own boss
us that they would consider Ability to claim expenses against tax
switching to freelance/contract
work in the coming year. Not sure
Reasons for this include:
74%
Other
64% 64% 64%
Job stability and A competitive salary Career progression
56% security opportunities
53%
44%
36%
27% 4 5 6
4% 2%
Why aren’t professionals considering

contract working? 57% 50% 43%
A stable income Valuable work/feeling A generous
Of the 39% I prefer the security offered by a permanent role 54%
like your work will benefits package
who would I like to have a fixed, predictable income 53% make a positive impact
not consider I'm happy in my current role 42%
working as
Freelancing is too risky 26%
a freelancer 7 Remote working options 43%
cited reasons The lack of workplace benefits 23%
including: I'd find freelancing stressful 19% 8 Flexible/agile working 43%
I've worked as a freelancer previously and 9 Company culture and shared values 36%
5%
didn't enjoy it
10 A senior role with more responsibilities 36%
Other 3%

Why wouldn’t freelancers consider a Top 10 motivations behind wanting to emigrate?
permanent role?
Of the 43% of contractors who would not consider undertaking a 1 2 3
permanent role in the coming year their reasons include:
I earn more as a freelancer 58% 68% 44% 38%

I like working for myself 47%
I prefer the flexibility that comes with freelancing 47%
Improved quality To experience a To develop
I prefer working on many different projects/with different clients 32%
of life different culture professionally
I've had a permanent role previously but prefer freelancing 32%
4 5 6
35% 33% 30%

Relocation
Are professionals looking to relocate or To pursue new I like the country/city Better work-life
experiences balance
emigrate for work?
7 Greater earning potential 29%
Yes, to another country 27%
8 Access to better standard of living 28%
Yes, but within the same
24% 9 Preferable climate/weather 25%
country as I currently live
No 34% 10 Access to better job opportunities 15%
Not sure 15%
Relocation
Emigration For those that would like to move to another city or region
within their country of residence their motivations include:
Among those that United States Australia
would like to migrate,
Canada Germany Access to better job opportunities 58% ‘Other’
their preferred
location would be: United Kingdom I like the area 41% responses
To be close to family and friends 32% included a
lower cost
To experience a new place 26%
of living.
I've lived there previously 13%
29% 10% 9% 8% 6% Other 12%

Equality, diversity,
and inclusion
As an AWS Advanced Technology Partner, Jefferson Frank stands We also believe that transparency is an essential driver for change.
shoulder-to-shoulder with AWS on delivering outstanding That's why we work to share valuable insight through our market
customer experiences and helping businesses harness the power reports, whitepapers, and vodcasts, showcasing best practices and
of the cloud. But customer obsession is not the only one of AWS's actionable initiatives. Our annual Careers and Hiring Guides are a critical
values that we're wholly aligned with. Like AWS, we are also part of this strategy, shining a spotlight on the AWS community’s
dedicated to promoting equality, diversity, and inclusion in the thoughts on diversity and equality and equipping employers with the
tech space. information they need to improve ED&I across their business. And, by
publishing the latest salaries for a range of cloud roles, we also aim to
We know there's still much work to be done to create equity and tackle any latent pay disparity across the industry.
equal access to the many opportunities that the cloud industry
offers. As society increases its digital footprint and the demand Last year we took our efforts a step further and launched the Digital
for tech talent grows, it is our duty to ensure that the door is open Revolution Awards—a new awards for the cloud industry with a focus
to aspiring technologists of all genders, orientations, abilities, and on acknowledging organizations and professionals that are making the
backgrounds. ecosystem a better place for all. Awards like our Diversity and Inclusion
Employer of the Year category recognize businesses making efforts to
As an organization, we are committed to increasing boost equality within their organization, in the hopes that their efforts
representation, and creating an inclusive and accessible place to will challenge and inspire others to follow suit.
work, grow, and succeed for all. As part of our work to help move
the needle on this crucial issue, our dedicated Women in Tech Diversity and inclusion in the workplace is a journey, not a destination.
division focuses exclusively on tackling the gender imbalance And as with any other journey, it starts with a single step in the right
by connecting customers with talented female technologists, direction—towards an industry that is fair and diverse, and in which
increasing their representation in the market, and supporting every professional is empowered to do more and be more.
women throughout the hiring process.
The Women in Tech division is just one aspect of our long-term

investment in the future of the tech industry, sitting alongside
out return-to-work initiatives, accessible upskilling programs,
and an expert advisory service that aims to help our customers
attract, and retain, the best talent by championing inclusivity in Zoë Morris
their workplaces. President
Jefferson Frank

Who are our respondents Gender 4% of respondents
and where are they from? Male 87% prefer not to

specify their
Female 9% gender.
Age
18–24 years old 4%
25–34 years old 36%
Americas Europe 35–44 years old 27%
52% 30% 45–54 years old

55–64 years old
18%
7%
65+ years old 1%
8% of respondents prefer
not to specify their age.
Asia & Africa

Americas
United States 50% 12%
Canada 2% Australasia
Europe
United Kingdom 12%
Africa and Asia
India 10%
2%
Germany
Italy
6%
2%
Other Singapore
Other
1%
1%
France
Belgium
Other
2%
2%
6%
4% Australasia
Australia 2%

Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino 3%
What does equality, 66% of
51% 26% 6%
Arab 2% diversity and organizations
in the
Mixed/multiple ethnic groups 2%
American Indian or Alaska
1%
inclusion look like in ecosystem have
a D&I statement
the AWS ecosystem?
White or Asian Black, African Native
Caucasian or Caribbean Other ethnic group 1% or policy.
*‘Not applicable’ responses have been removed from this section.
9% of respondents prefer not to specify their ethnicity.
Are employers providing equal pay for
Disability, long- No
87% 6% of respondents
prefer not to specify
equal work? All Men Women
standing illness Yes 7% whether they have
Yes, I believe my employer pays men and
a disability. 59% 60% 56%
or infirmity women equally
Some of my female colleagues are paid

8% 9% 6%
equally, but not all
Education level No, I believe men are paid more despite
6% 6% 13%
being of equal skill and experience
Some high school, no diploma, GCSEs, or equivalent 1%
High school graduate, diploma, A-level, or equivalent 2% Some of my male colleagues are paid
4% 4% 6%
equally, but not all
Some college credit, no degree 9%
Trade/technical/vocational training or qualification 3% No, I believe women are paid more despite
3% 2% 6%
Associate degree 4% being of equal skill and experience
Bachelor’s degree 38% Not sure 20% 19% 13%
Master’s degree 39%
Doctorate or professional degree 2% Are organizations championing equal rights?
2% of respondents prefer not to specify their educational attainment. 73% of professionals believe that their employer champions equal rights,
while 13% think more could be done.
Of those that continued with further education and went on to undertake

a degree, the top 10 fields of study were: What do “Treat each person with the same level of
respect.”
professionals Cloud Application Developer, United States
1 6 Business Administration 9%
Information Technology 49%
suggest “Actively sponsor women and minority
2 Computer Science 7
34% Management 8%
employers could education, and offer internships.”
3 Software Engineering 8 Economics Technical Architect, United States
27% 7%
do to become a
4 Engineering 9 Electrical Engineering “Actively recruit for more women in tech. Make
14% 7%
better champion recruitment process gender-equal.”
5 Mathematics 10 English
11% 5%
of equal rights? Head of Strategic Alliances, United Kingdom

Are employees taking part in equality, diversity
and inclusion training in the workplace?
Yes, I’ve had training in the last six months 47%
Yes, I’ve had training but over a year ago 15%
No, I’ve not had any training 38%
47% 15% 38%
Are employers using blind recruitment processes?

Blind recruitment is the Yes 11%
process of removing
all identifiable No 43%
information, (e.g., name, Not sure 46%
race, and age) from
candidates’ resumes
and applications.
Diversity in the workplace

Agree Neutral Disagree Not sure
My employer promotes racial
and ethnic diversity in their 66% 19% 11% 5%
workforce
My employer recruits and
72% 15% 6% 6%
retains mature-aged staff
There are policies in place to
support employees' mental 51% 22% 10% 18%
health
My workforce includes
61% 16% 11% 11%
people with disabilities
My employer makes
adjustments for and supports 45% 21% 8% 26%
neurodiverse employees

Gender diversity in
the workplace
All respondents Women
Agree Neutral Disagree Not sure Agree Neutral Disagree Not sure
Men and women Men and women

are treated equally are treated equally
79% 12% 6% 3% 78% 22%
My organization is gender- My organization is gender-
diverse, in that different diverse, in that different
genders are equally represented genders are equally represented
in the workforce 70% 14% 11% 4% in the workforce
72% 22% 6%
There are clear policies in place There are clear policies in place
to support people of different to support people of different
gender identities 69% 14% 7% 10% gender identities
78% 17% 6%
There is an equal balance of There is an equal balance of

male and female representation male and female representation
at the senior executive level 56% 18% 19% 7% at the senior executive level
83% 11% 6%
Men Does gender inequality exist in

Agree Neutral Disagree Not sure
the tech industry?
Men and women
All Men Women
are treated equally
78% 12% 7% 4%
My organization is gender-
diverse, in that different 76%
genders are equally represented
69% 14% 13% 5% 53% 53%
in the workforce
There are clear policies in place 25% 24%

12% 14% 13%
to support people of different 8% 10% 12%
gender identities 67% 15% 8% 10% 0%
There is an equal balance of Yes, there Neither agree No, there is no Not sure
male and female representation is gender nor disagree gender inequality
at the senior executive level 53% 19% 21% 8% inequality
69 Jefferson Frank’s Careers and Hiring Guide 2021.22

Employment and industry
demographics
Employment status of respondents
Permanent – full-time 78%
LOOKING TO DIVERSIFY
Permanent – part-time 4%
Freelance/Contractor 14%
YOUR CANDIDATE
Unemployed 2%
On a sabbatical/career break 2%
SHORTLISTS? What are respondents' professional levels?

Our Women in Tech team is helping to shape a more Entry-level/Junior 4%
inclusive workforce across the tech ecosystem by
Intermediate or experienced level 19%
connecting our customers with women working in every
area of technology. Senior experienced level 47%
Manager/Senior Manager 17%

Find out more at www.frankgroup.com/women-in-tech
Director/C-level 10%
Owner 3%
y consultant from the Women in Tech team really took

M
the time to get to know me and understand my career Employer type
goals, and quickly found an amazing role that perfectly
End user (i.e., an AWS Customer) AWS Independent Software
matched my skills and experience. This personalized
Vendor (ISV)
approach really stood out for me, as did the guidance and AWS Consulting or Technology
support at every stage of the recruitment process, which Partner Other
was more than I ever expected.
NILOFAR BHURAWALA, SOLUTIONS ARCHITECT
55% 29% 3% 13%
‘Other’ responses include working as an independent AWS consultant.
Frank Recruitment Group @frankrecgroup Frank Recruitment Group Menu 72

Which industries are represented?
AWS Events
Is the AWS community planning on attending
events in the coming year?
Yes No Not sure
30% 9% 7% 75%
Online/
IT Services, Software, Consultancy/Agency Banking and Finance 10%
virtual events
and Technology 15%
Financial Services 7% Media and Publishing 3%

31%
Carriers/Telecommunications 5% Professional Services 3%
In-person events
Education 4% E-commerce 2% 37%
Health and Life Sciences 3% Other 27% 32%
‘Other’ responses include Insurance, Transportation and Logistics, and Automotive.

How do AWS professionals feel about
What is the size of the organizations taking part? attending online/virtual events?
They’re convenient “They’re a great opportunity to learn from
Self-employed 4% Start-up organization 10%
experts and network from the convenience
1-10 employees 4% Microenterprise 5% of your home!”
11-50 employees 13% Instructional Assistant, United States
Small and Medium-
17%
51-200 employees 11% sized Business “I typically only attend select sessions in
Small and Medium- my field (identity) so virtual is excellent for
201-500 employees 9%
15% me because I don’t have to invest a week
sized Enterprise
501-1,000 employees 8% to get the five hours of value that I receive
1,001-5,000 employees 13% Large enterprise from it.”
50%
organization Senior Enterprise Architect, United States
5,001-10,000 employees 7%
Other 2%
More than 10,000 employees 29% “Virtual events give you the flexibility of
attending and learning the AWS skills in the
Not sure 2% comfort of your home.”
Project Manager, United States
Years of experience It’s easy to get “They’re fine - however I have to ensure that
On average, respondents have 16 years’ experience in the technology distracted with I’m not available during that time or I get
industry in total, 4 years’ experience working with AWS in a commercial work while attending distracted.”
environment. Systems Engineer, United States

I miss interacting and
networking with others
“I enjoy them, but would rather be in-
person to network with other people.”
How do AWS professionals feel about
IT Manager, United States attending in-person events?
They are lacking “The events are a bit dry as there is not
in interaction much interaction with the audience.”
I’m cautious about “I don’t plan attending that many events
DevOps Engineer, Romania
attending due to because of COVID-19, but I might do two
“They’re good, but feel like they lack COVID-19 years from now.”
something.” DevOps Engineer, Germany
Cloud Infrastructure Architect, New Zealand
They are valuable for “They are great to get to know different
They can be difficult “They can be quite informative, but networking people and increase your network.”
to engage with sometimes lengthy (conference-length) Systems Engineer, Germany
events are difficult in a virtual setting.”
“These are best for networking and vendor
IT Director/CIO, United States
discovery, and conference-length events are
“They’re alright, but they don’t elicit the best in-person.”
same attentiveness from me or the same IT Director/CIO, United States
excitement as in-person events.”
In-person events allow “In-person events allow for learning
Technical Architect, United States
for learning from industry from experts/presenters as well as other
I prefer them over “I prefer online events, they are less leaders participants, and are great for networking.”
in-person events stressful.” DevOps Engineer, United States
Full Stack Software Engineer, United States
“In-person will definitely be super cool
“I prefer online as I cannot get time off work especially having first-hand interaction
without losing money or employment.” with industry leaders and new technologies
Cloud Security Architect, United States springing up in the cloud computing sector.”
Inventory Colleague, United Kingdom
Would you pay to attend a virtual event? In-person events are “The energy and the atmosphere encourage
better for learning you to learn and participate more.”
49% of AWS professionals agree they are happy to pay to attend IT Manager, United States
online/virtual events.
I’d attend if organizers “As long as you are prepared and follow the
We asked the 51% that would not be happy to pay, whether there was
and attendees followed rules there should be no issues.”
anything that would encourage them to do so, with a third (33%) of
safety protocols Cloud Infrastructure Architect,
these respondents telling us that they would not be happy to pay under
United States
any circumstance, but other responses included:
• To learn something that you’d not get from a free online course
My time would be better “I’d rather not. It cuts into hours I could be
• Certification or free certification after attending spent doing work helping clients or working.”
• The knowledge gained should equal that of a certification Systems Engineer, United States
• Reimbursement from my employer

AWS Career Spotlights Becoming a DevOps Engineer
DevOps Engineer Education

80% of DevOps Engineers hold at
foundational cloud functionality
and AWS products, making it
a great first step on any cloud
least a Bachelor’s degree. However,
How much do DevOps Engineers make? only 51% consider a degree to be
professional's journey.
an important factor when it comes At an intermediate level, those

Junior Mid-Level Senior looking to develop a career as a
to increasing earning potential.
DevOps Engineer can choose to
United States ($) 140,000 155,000 192,000
Certification tackle the AWS Certified SysOps
United Kingdom (£) 57,500 65,000 91,250 Administrator – Associate or
Earning official vendor-accredited
France (€) 55,000 63,000 72,000 the AWS Certified Developer -
certifications is a great way to
Associate certification. These certs
upskill and verify your knowledge
verify the skills needed to deploy,
in the eyes of potential employers.
• 52% of DevOps Engineers are satisfied with their job manage, and operate workloads on
54% of DevOps Engineers are AWS, and write and deploy cloud-
• 65% of DevOps Engineers are satisfied with their salary
certified, and 33% have undergone based applications, respectively.
• Permanent DevOps Engineers work an average of 41 hours per week recertification to maintain their
The most advanced AWS
• Freelance DevOps Engineers work an average of 43 hours per week AWS Certified Status, while
certification on the DevOps
77% believe that certifications
Engineer career path is the AWS
help candidates stand out in a
What factors impact your earning potential as a competitive job market.
Certified DevOps Engineer –
Professional. This top-level badge
DevOps Engineer? AWS offer several role-aligned is recommended for those with
certifications for technologists at least two years of hands-
We asked current AWS professionals what factors were most important in looking to develop their careers. on experience provisioning,
upping your earning potential as a DevOps Engineer. The starting point for any budding operating, and managing AWS
AWS pro is the AWS Certified environments, and verifies your
Important Neutral Unimportant Cloud Practitioner certification. ability to automate essential AWS
Years of experience in IT 100% 0% 0% This accessible certification infrastructure and applications
validates a holder's knowledge of tasks like testing and deployment.
Years of technical experience
97% 3% 0%
with AWS
Exposure to large projects 91% 6% 3% What AWS certifications do DevOps
AWS certifications 71% 14% 14% Engineers hold?
Specific vertical industry experience 55% 42% 3%
University degree(s) 51% 29% 20% AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate 79%
AWS Certified Developer - Associate 42%
Years of experience working for a
45% 33% 21% AWS Certified SysOps Administrator - Associate 37%
partner organization
Years of experience working for an AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner - Foundation 21%
39% 55% 6%
end user AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional 11%

Roles that can lead on to becoming a What are the opportunities for progression?
DevOps Engineer Lead DevOps
Senior DevOps/Site
Tech professionals can come from all kinds of backgrounds these days. Engineer/Principal
Reliability Engineer
There's no predetermined path that is guaranteed to lead you to a role as a Engineer
DevOps
DevOps Engineer, but these are a few of the most common job roles that we Engineer
see these kind of professionals starting their careers in.
DevOps Architect Solutions Architect
Typically, having a background in IT infrastructure, systems administration,
or development, or experience in a related role can help you progress onto a
position as a DevOps Engineer. Such roles include, but are not limited to:
DevSecOps: a growing sector in the cloud
• Infrastructure Engineer • Tester
For those looking to develop a career a DevSecOps professional will
• Systems Reliability Engineer • Performance Engineer
in DevOps, the growing security field participate in CI/CD development
• Systems Administrator • Automation/Integration within the sector could be a great cycles with a focus on ensuring
Engineer area to look into. As the world goes security is baked into the product
• Software Developer
increasingly online, digital security from the very first stages.
is evolving fast. The constant arms
What skills and experience should DevOps race between security professionals
They may also be responsible for
monitoring processes, risk analysis,
Engineers have? and bad actors requires constant managing incidents, testing,
automation of security processes, and
development of new tools and
• Understanding of Linux Continuous Delivery (CD) and processes, and this is where the generally working to embed security-
fundamentals Continuous Deployment principles DevOps philosophy can be a real boon. first practices and approaches
• Basic programming skills including and practices throughout the entire cycle.
Though not yet as widely adopted
Python, Java, Node.JS, .NET •
Knowledge of AWS CI tools as standard DevOps practices, Of course, knowledge and
• Knowledge of at least one including CodeBuild and demand for DevSecOps professionals understanding of DevOps is a
scripting language such as Bash or CodeDeploy is exploding; according to recent must-have for budding DevSecOps
PowerShell •
Grasp of continuous monitoring research, the DevSecOps Market is professionals. They should also by
tools like Nagios and Sens Splunk familiar with tools like Jenkins and
• Understanding of Git on track to be worth $30m in the US
CI/CD Docker, languages such as Java,
• Good understanding of alone by 2028.
Python, Ruby, and Perl, and security
fundamentals of networking, •
Grasp of CI/CD tools like Jenkins
As more DevSecOps roles are concepts including SAST (Static
security, and software reliability and Gitlab
created, those with the right skills Application Security Testing) and
engineering •
Understanding of Infrastructure as can find themselves in a highly DAST (Dynamic Application Security
• Thorough understanding Code (IaC) and its operations lucrative position. Broadly speaking, Testing).
of the AWS platform and its •
Ability to use IaC tools such
infrastructure as Terraform, CloudFormation,
Ansible, Packer, Saltstack,
• Strong understanding of Are you looking to hire Are you a job seeker?
containers and container tools Puppet, Chef
AWS professionals? Let Jefferson Frank help you
like Docker, Kubernetes, and •
Experience working under
Amazon EKS Agile principles Check out our high-caliber job seekers find your next role
• Thorough knowledge of •
Great communication and www.jeffersonfrank.com/ www.jeffersonfrank.com/
Continuous Integration (CI), documentation skills candidate-search browse-jobs

AWS Career Spotlights Becoming a Solutions Architect
Solutions Architect Education

70% of Solutions Architects hold at least a Bachelor’s
How much do Solutions Architects make? 70% degree. However, only 58% consider a degree to be
an important factor when it comes to increasing
earning potential.
Junior Mid-Level Senior
United States ($) 165,000 175,000 200,000 Certification
United Kingdom (£) 70,000 78,000 104,000 Earning official vendor-accredited moving on to the AWS Certified
certifications is a great way to Solutions Architect — Associate
France (€) 55,000 75,000 85,000 upskill and verify your knowledge certification once you have
in the eyes of potential employers. roughly a year of experience with
• 64% of Solutions Architects are satisfied with their job implementing solutions on AWS.
71% of Solutions Architects are
• 56% of Solutions Architects are satisfied with their salary The most advanced certification on
certified, and 45% have undergone
AWS’s Solutions Architect learning
• Permanent Solutions Architects work an average of 41 hours per week recertification to maintain their
pathway is the AWS Certified
• Freelance Solutions Architects work an average of 43 hours per week AWS Certified Status, while
Solutions Architect — Professional
93% believe that certifications
badge. Earning this cert is a great
What factors impact your earning potential as a competitive job market.
way to show off your abilities to
design, operate and troubleshoot
Solutions Architect? As with all AWS career paths, the high-quality AWS cloud solutions,
AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner and requires around two years’
We asked current AWS professionals what factors were most important in
certification is a good start to get worth of practical experience
upping your earning potential as a Solutions Architect
to grips with the basics, before to achieve.
Important Neutral Unimportant

Exposure to large projects 84% 11% 4% What AWS certifications Solutions
82% 18% 0%
Years of experience in IT
Architects hold?
82% 13% 4%
with AWS AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate 81%
AWS certifications 69% 22% 9% AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner - Foundation 34%
University degree(s) 58% 22% 20% AWS Certified Developer - Associate 34%
AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional 31%
Years of experience working for a
48% 36% 17% AWS Certified SysOps Administrator - Associate 28%
Years of experience working for an
45% 40% 14%
end user

Spotlighting a professional one or two specialities, you can
pursue the discipline that interests
you most. There will always be
The longer I work in technology,
the more I want an employer that
values my time, too. I know some
someone out there looking to hire jobs come with big salaries and
Jefferson Frank chats to experienced AWS professional a professional with your specific expectations, but I don’t want to be
David Sheffield to get the lowdown on life as a Solutions skill sets and experience. working 70-or 80-hour weeks at
Architect and why it’s important to find your niche this point in my career.
How valuable are AWS
certifications? What careers advice
What attracted you to a a team of developers to get it rolled
would you give your
career in tech? out, you’ll coordinate a number of I think certifications are incredibly
stakeholders along the way. younger self?
valuable and a basic requirement
I’ve always liked technology and when applying for any new role. Find out which part of the cloud
electronics. Initially, I wanted to What makes a good For an architect, you should gain you’re most passionate about and
specialize in electronic repairs, but Solutions Architect? the Solutions Architect Associate focus on that. So, for example,
this profession was in decline by certification as a minimum,
You have to be a quick learner so are you a coder and want to be a
the time I left college. Computers, but it’s the Solutions Architect
that when new AWS updates are software engineer? Or do you want
however, were on the rise, so I Professional certification that will
released, you can readily adopt to specialize in automation?
decided to pursue that aspect of separate you from other
these and understand the best I’d also advise getting general
technology instead. AWS professionals.
practices associated with them. entry-level certifications as a
As for AWS, I was attracted to It also helps if you’re good at baseline, then specializing in
How do you keep your AWS just one or two elements to set
the innovation surrounding the spotting patterns across multiple
platform, which is incredibly fast- teams and figuring out the best
skills and knowledge up yourself apart.
paced; there’s always something way to implement a solution. to date?
new to learn and implement. I also
What lies ahead in the
I spend a lot of time creating I work towards achieving any new AWS space?
like the fact AWS is developer-
diagrams and flow charts and certifications that AWS unveils, and
centric and developer-friendly.
automating processes, so you need I also get re-certified if any of my Everybody wants help with the
existing accreditations are due to cloud, so the opportunities are
What does a Solutions to enjoy these kinds of tasks, too.
expire. That might not be the most limitless. I’d say the Solutions
Architect role entail?
How important is it to find robust approach, but it keeps me Architect role will be around for
A Solutions Architect works with your niche? in the know. I also read official AWS another decade at least.
professionals across all levels blogs, especially when they launch
The more you specialize, the a brand-new feature. For me personally, I’m beginning
within an organization, from
greater the return in terms of to transition from architecting
software teams to the company
CTO. It’s your job to solve their your career prospects and earning What do you look for in a into software development and
potential. But don’t forget to keep prospective employer? specializing in big data, machine
business needs by reading
up with the fundamentals of the learning, and AI. These areas are
between the lines and drafting at
AWS platform, as these are still I’ve been working remotely relatively new and I find them
least 80% of a viable solution that
really important. since before the pandemic, so I really interesting, and I’m excited
they can implement to resolve any
definitely wouldn’t take on a new to see where that takes me.
particular issue. Whether it’s in a Cloud engineers tend to be in role that required me to be in the
consulting capacity or designing high demand these days, and if office every day as I want to retain
the solution itself and working with you’re an excellent generalist with that flexibility.

Roles that can lead on to becoming What skills and experience should Solutions
a Solutions Architect Architect have?
Tech professionals can come from all kinds of backgrounds these days. Thorough understanding of AWS infrastructure and services
•
There's no predetermined path that is guaranteed to lead you to a role
as a Solutions Architect, but these are a few of the most common job Thorough understanding of developmental and architectural best
•
roles that we see these kind of professionals starting their careers in. practices, including DevOps
• Developer Understanding of Site Reliability Engineering

•
Understanding of security architecture and processes

•
• Sales Engineer
In-depth understanding of coding languages such as Java, JavaScript,
•
• Solutions Engineer
Python, NODE.JS, .NET
• DevOps Engineer Experience of Agile/Scrum methodology
•
Experience with microservice-based architectures

•
Solutions Architect or Technical Architect? Understanding of containerization technologies such as Docker or
•
Kubernetes
If you've got your eye on a career as an AWS Architect, there are several
paths you can go down. The two key types of Architect roles you'll find Outstanding analytical and problem-solving skills
•
in the AWS world are Technical Architect and Solutions Architect.
Communication and documentation skills
•
While both of these roles involve in-depth knowledge of AWS products
Apt at translating gathered requirements into actionable solutions
•
and services, a Technical Architect tends to do more of the heavy
lifting when it comes to coding, while a Solutions Architect's role is Great project management skills
•
more about acting as a functional bridge between the stakeholders
and the technical team. Experience with serverless technology, including AWS Lambda, SQS, SNS,
•
API Gateway
A Solutions Architect will often evaluate the business requirements of
the project and come up with the best solution using AWS products.
They then present this vision with a Technical Architect, who will take
What are the opportunities for progression?
those building blocks and execute the implementation, define best
practices, and deal with any configuration to ensure the end result Solutions Enterprise Principal/Chief Tech Delivery
meets the requirements mapped out by the stakeholder. The Solutions Architect Architect Architect Lead/Practice Lead
Architect designs; the Technical Architect delivers.
Those who like getting into the nuts and bolts of a system will
be well-suited to a Technical Architect role. Those with great
communication skills, stakeholder management experience, and a Are you looking to hire an Are you a job seeker?
knack for problem-solving make great Solutions Architects. AWS professionals? Let Jefferson Frank help you
Check out our high-caliber job seekers find your next role
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candidate-search browse-jobs

AWS Career Spotlights Becoming a Full Stack Developer
Full Stack Developer Education

91% of Full Stack Developers hold at least a
91% Bachelor’s degree. However, only 65% consider a
How much do Full Stack Developers make? degree to be an important factor when it comes to
increasing earning potential.
Junior Mid-Level Senior
Certification
United States ($) 137,500 150,000 167,000
Earning official vendor-accredited certifications is a great way to upskill
United Kingdom (£) 52,000 68,250 90,000 and verify your knowledge in the eyes of potential employers.
43% of Full Stack Developers are certified, and 65% believe that
62% of Full Stack Developers are satisfied with their job
• certifications help candidates stand out in a competitive job market.
• 63% of Full Stack Developers are satisfied with their salary
• Permanent Full Stack Developers work an average of 42 hours per week
What AWS certifications do Full Stack
• Freelancer Full Stack Developers work an average of 46 hours per week
Developers hold?
What factors impact your earning potential as a AWS Certified Developer - Associate 80%
Full Stack Developer? AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate 60%
We asked current AWS professionals what factors were most important in AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner - Foundation 30%
upping your earning potential as a Full Stack Developer. AWS Certified SysOps Administrator - Associate 20%
Important Neutral Unimportant AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional 10%
Years of experience in IT 96% 4% 0%

Exposure to large projects 87% 9% 4% Roles that can lead on to becoming a
with AWS
70% 26% 4% Full Stack Developer
University degree(s) 65% 22% 13%
Tech professionals can come from • Junior Software Developer
AWS certifications 55% 27% 18% all kinds of backgrounds these days.
There's no predetermined path that • Junior Software Engineer
is guaranteed to lead you to a role
Years of experience working for an • Front-end Developer
41% 45% 14% as a Full Stack Developer, but these
end user are a few of the most common • Back-end Developer
Years of experience working for a job roles that we see these kind of
30% 45% 25%
partner organization professionals starting their careers in. • Web Developer

What skills and experience should Full Stack
Developers have?
• Thorough understanding of AWS infrastructure and services
• Thorough understanding of developmental and architectural best
practices including DevOps and CI/CD
• Knowledge of HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript and GitHub
• Experience with container technologies including Docker
and Kubernetes
• Ability to use programming languages including Java, PHP, Python,
Ruby, or .Net
• Experience with databases such as MySQL, MongoDB, Oracle, and
SQLServer
• Good understanding of technologies and practices such as application
security, microservices, testing, and serverless
• Understanding of REST and SOAP APIs and related technologies like
Node.js and React

Senior Full Stack
Full Stack Developer
Developer
Lead Developer Architect
Development Manager/ Enterprise

Product Manager Architect
Are you looking to hire Are you a job seeker?

candidate-search browse-jobs

AWS Career Spotlights Becoming a Data Engineer
Data Engineer Education AWS; AWS Certified Data Analytics

- Specialty and AWS Certified
92% of Data Engineers hold at Database – Specialty. Both of these
least a Bachelor’s degree, and 80% are Speciality-level certs, meaning
consider a degree to be an important
How much do Data Engineers make? factor when it comes to increasing
they're not aligned with a particular
role as other AWS certifications
earning potential. are, and instead cover a specialism
Junior Mid-Level Senior that may be developed by cloud
Certification professionals across a range of
United States ($) 120,000 147,000 180,000 job roles.
Earning official vendor-accredited
United Kingdom (£) 45,000 68,750 85,500 certifications is a great way to upskill
The AWS Certified Data Analytics
and verify your knowledge in the
– Specialty focuses on the use
France (€) 50,000 60,000 70,000 eyes of potential employers.
of AWS data lakes and other
54% of Data Engineers are analytical services. The AWS Certified
certified, and 57% have undergone Database – Specialty cert on the
• 67% of Data Engineers are satisfied with their job other hand is more focused on
recertification to maintain their
72% of Data Engineers are satisfied with their salary
• AWS Certified Status, while the recommendation, design and
81% believe that certifications maintenance of AWS database
• Permanent Engineers work an average of 42 hours per week solutions. For both certifications,
competitive job market. AWS recommends you have at least
two years of hands-on experience
What factors impact your earning potential There are two data-related working with AWS database or
certifications currently offered by analytical solutions.
as a Data Engineer?
We asked current AWS professionals what factors were most important in What certifications do Data Engineers hold?
upping your earning potential as a Data Engineer.
AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate 57%
AWS Certified Cloud Practitioner - Foundation 36%
Important Neutral Unimportant
AWS Certified Machine Learning - Specialty 29%
Years of experience in IT 85% 15% 0%
AWS Certified Developer - Associate 21%
85% 4% 12% AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional 14%
with AWS
Exposure to large projects 81% 12% 8%
University degree(s) 80% 16% 4% Roles that can lead on to becoming a
Specific vertical industry experience 68% 24% 8% Data Engineer
AWS certifications 58% 35% 8% Tech professionals can come from all kinds of • Junior Data
Years of experience working for a backgrounds these days. There's no predetermined Engineer
54% 31% 15% path that is guaranteed to lead you to a role as
a Data Engineer, but these are a few of the most • Software Engineer
Years of experience working for an
54% 38% 8% common job roles that we see these kind of • Data Analyst
end user
professionals starting their careers in.

What skills and experience should
Data Engineers have?
• In-depth understand of the entire • Experience with a database
ETL (extract, transform, and load) administration and creating
process data stores
• Proficiency in AWS data • Understanding of tools like
management platforms such as Hadoop, Hive, Apache Spark,
Redshift, S3, Glue, Athena, and and Kafka
DynamoDB • Understanding of scripting and
• Experience with data-related AWS programming languages like R,
tools such as Amazon Kinesis and Python, Java, and Scala
Amazon Snowflake • Knowledge of SQL and NoSQL
• Strong understanding of data databases and querying
architecture design, deployment, • Good grasp of machine learning
and maintenance concepts
Celebrating excellence
• ETL logic-writing skills • Knowledge of operating systems
• Ability to manage and warehouse including UNIX, Linux, and Solaris
structure and unstructured data • Profound understanding of
• Experience developing and
aggregating complex data pipelines
algorithms and data structure
in the cloud
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Emerging Roles Spotlight According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the number of available
roles in the application software development field is expected to
increase by 19% by 2024. And with Cloud Application Architects needed
Cloud Application
in both large organizations and cloud service providers, their partners,
and ISVs, there's plenty of choice out there for those who can do the job.
Architect Certifications and qualifications for Cloud

Application Architects
There is no dead-set prerequisite for a career as a Cloud Application
What does a Cloud Application Architect do? Architect. Though some larger organizations prefer a degree in a
computer science-related field, experience tends to carry more weight
With the cloud computing world, there are a wide range of "Architect" with employers. A fairly senior-level role, most Cloud Application
roles. Though there are often blurred lines and overlapping Architect jobs will require several years of experience in software
responsibilities between these roles depending on the type and size engineering, so getting hands-on with development projects is the best
of the organization they're seated within, cloud Architect positions can way to shore up your skills.
generally be divided into business-focused, operations-focused, or
development-focused roles. Earning certifications can also help you upskill and verify your knowledge
in the eyes of potential employers. Currently, AWS doesn’t offer a role-
An Enterprise Architect, for example, tends to take a wide view on their based certification specifically for Cloud Application Architects, but as it’s
organization's overall IT environment, ensuring it meets business needs. a development-orientated role, the AWS Certified Developer – Associate
A Security Architect is a more operations-focused position, designing, certification is a good place to start to bolster your cloud programming
building, and maintaining secure systems and networks that protect the knowledge and get to grips with AWS development practices.
organization's digital assets. An Application Architect (as you might've
guessed) is tasked with designing, developing, and deploying cloud-
based applications and systems within an organization. Roles that can lead on to becoming a Cloud
An Application Architect provides expertise and guidance, following Application Architect
architectural best practices, to help their organization build scalable,
resilient, and high-performing applications on the AWS cloud. Tech professionals can come from all kinds of backgrounds these days.
There’s no predetermined path that is guaranteed to lead you to a role as
a Cloud Application Architect, but these are a few of the most common
Cloud Application Architect job growth job roles that we see these kind of professionals starting their careers in.
Demand for Application Architects has grown massively in the past few Cloud Developer
•
years; in fact, the number of Application Architect roles filled
by Jefferson Frank has doubled since 2019. Software Engineer/Architect
•
As cloud adoption continues to soar and organizations take their Full Stack Developer
•
infrastructure, operations, and services increasingly online, demand for Application Developer
•
technologists with the skills required to design and develop cloud-native
applications and services is on the up. Back-end Engineer
•

What skills and experience should Cloud
Application Architects have?
Spotlighting a professional
• Exceptional knowledge of AWS C#, Swift, Node.js, Python, Go, or Cloud Application Architect
infrastructure, products and Ruby
Peter Mezensky shares his AWS career
services Working knowledge of scripting
• insights, how to succeed as an Architect,
• Knowledge of operating systems languages such as PowerShell, and why you should pick a side when it
including Linux, Unix, and Bash, Go, or Python
comes to DevOps
Windows
Profound understanding of cloud
•
• Understanding of networking software design, patterns, and
including TCP/IP, IP addresses, strategies What attracted you to a career in tech and
HTTP, DNS specifically AWS?
Understanding of DevOps tools
•
• Understanding of other cloud and methodologies including
I’ve been interested in technology since I was a kid, and it eventually
functionality like virtualization Continuous Integration and
turned into my career. Regarding AWS specifically, I was attracted to
and storage Continuous Delivery (CI/CD), the innovations in the cloud and the paradigm shift that managed
• Familiarity with cloud automated deployment, and services have brought to the environment. It was serverless and
infrastructure concepts like infrastructure as code managed services that, for me, took it into a whole new world, and that
microservices and containers Requirements gathering and
• was an evolution I wanted to be a part of.
• High-level understanding of key specification creation
security concepts Ability to communicate technical
• What are your views on AWS certifications?
• Coding experience in languages concepts and their impact to It’s certainly something to put on your resume and talk about, but
such as Java, JavaScript, C/C++, stakeholders at all levels I personally don’t put a lot of weight behind certifications when I’m
hiring. In my opinion, they don’t automatically correlate to being
fully qualified.
However, partners are judged by how many AWS certifications they
have, and it often means more candidates are securing jobs because
Cloud Senior Cloud they fulfil a professional certification criteria. So certifications are
Enterprise Principal/
Application Application valuable in that context.
Architect Chief Architect
Architect Architect
How do you keep your AWS skills and knowledge

up to date?
Are you looking to hire Are you a job seeker? I’m a fan of A Cloud Guru and subscribe to various video services, as I’m
AWS professionals? a big video learner. For the price of Netflix, you can watch an unlimited
Let Jefferson Frank help you number of computer training videos. GitHub or open-source projects,
Check out our high-caliber job seekers find your next role where people post their code and hands-on experience with AWS
www.jeffersonfrank.com/ www.jeffersonfrank.com/ online, are also beneficial. Developers can access these services for free,
candidate-search browse-jobs which is a great way to jump right in and start experimenting.

AWS salaries
I see that you’ve worked in radio and podcasting in the The salary table data is drawn from AWS vacancies and placement data
past. Have any skills from these activities helped you from roles registered with Jefferson Frank in the last 18 months1.
in your tech career? The resulting data is then verified by our specialist teams, who apply
their insight and knowledge of the wider market to ensure that
In my eyes, there’s a lot of crossover between radio, television,
the information is accurate with respect to base salary, seniority or
media, and the web. There’s always an aspect to putting on a show
experience, job title, technology, and location.
in the tech industry; you only need to look at successful stories like
Amazon. The customer comes first, and that connection to your end Important points to note
user is vital for the mentality of whatever you’re delivering, whether
it’s a radio show or an AWS project. I think you have to feed all Certain markets will exhibit 10-15% variance due to differences in costs
aspects of your life to be better at any one of them. of living.
The salaries do not include bonuses and incentives. Additionally, multiple

What’s your careers advice to aspiring Cloud factors, including years of experience, specialized skills required, and the
Architects? complexity of the role, affect where the salary for a particular role falls
within the range.
Try to position yourself on the dev or ops side. I know people can do
both, and there are unicorns for every possible combination of skills,
but I think people are better at, and more passionate about, either AWS salaries READ ON TO FIND OUT
dev or ops. MORE ABOUT THE
How can our salary tables SALARIES ON OFFER IN
You should develop broad skills, but go deep into specific areas, too. help you?
If you only know a little about lots of things, it’s going to be hard to
THE MARKET
move forward in your career and be the person somebody wants to AWS professionals can see what
take into the trenches when they choose a team. other professionals with a similar Salary table contents
level of experience and skillset are
currently earning, enabling United States 101
Looking ahead, what are your ambitions?
you to better understand your
United Kingdom 103
I’ve always been interested in agile methodology and the project market value.
management workflow aspect of development as much as Belgium 104
development itself. There’s a wonderful world opening up right Employers or hiring managers
now of what is almost the perfect workflow of development get the info you need to France 105
methodology, with test-driven development and checks that move benchmark for your team’s
remuneration, enabling you to set Germany 106
through a pipeline infrastructure as code. So, my area of focus is
enabling rapid development with this combination of architecture budgets for the next financial year. Italy 107
and workflow management, and I’m trying to pursue a career path
If you can’t find the salary for your Netherlands 108
doing more of that.
region, then please contact us for
more information. Spain 109
1
April 2020 to October 2021

United States Permanent ($) Contract ($)
United States Permanent ($) Contract ($)
End users Junior Mid Senior Partners Junior Mid Senior

Hourly* Hourly*
(0-3 yrs) (4-8 yrs) (9+ yrs) (0-3 yrs) (4-8 yrs) (9+ yrs)
Application Architect 150,000 165,000 202,000 157 Application Architect - 175,000 215,000 160
Application Developer 104,000 120,000 168,000 134 Application Developer 120,000 155,000 180,000 130
Cloud Security Architect 162,500 180,000 210,000 165 Cloud Security Architect - 190,000 225,000 175
Cloud Systems Administrator 72,250 85,000 108,000 134 Data Engineer 115,000 165,000 190,000 165
Data Engineer 120,000 147,000 180,000 161 Data Scientist 130,000 175,000 235,000 185
Data Scientist 135,000 152,000 200,000 150 Data Solutions Architect - 195,000 220,000 185
Data Solutions Architect - - - 170 Delivery Lead - 235,000 255,000 -
DevOps Architect 212,500 225,000 230,500 166 DevOps Architect 185,000 198,000 230,000 170
DevOps Engineer 140,000 155,000 192,000 165 DevOps Engineer 125,000 165,000 195,000 165
Front/Back End Software Front End Software Engineer 95,000 130,000 165,000 135
125,000 140,000 175,000 130
Engineer
Full Stack Software Engineer 130,000 160,000 185,000 155
Full Stack Software Engineer 137,500 150,000 167,000 135
Infrastructure Architect 135,000 160,000 190,000 160
Infrastructure Architect - - - 155
Infrastructure Engineer 115,000 135,000 165,000 140
Infrastructure Engineer 115,000 135,000 195,000 145
Pre-Sales Architect ** 150,000 190,000 225,000 180
Pre-Sales Architect ** 153,750 172,500 180,000 -
Site Reliability Engineer 125,000 165,000 210,000 160
Solution Architect - 185,000 240,000 200
Solution Architect 165,000 175,000 200,000 210
All salaries are remote and have been rounded to the nearest $250 for ease of reading, exclude All salaries are remote and have been rounded to the nearest $250 for ease of reading, exclude
Jefferson Frank margins and are correct as of November 2021. For up-to-date information please Jefferson Frank margins and are correct as of November 2021. For up-to-date information please
contact Jefferson Frank directly. at www.jeffersonfrank.com/contact contact Jefferson Frank directly. at www.jeffersonfrank.com/contact
*
Rates will vary depending on contract type (i.e. W-2 or 1099) *
Rates will vary depending on contract type (i.e. W-2 or 1099)
**
Base salaries excluding commission **
Base salaries excluding commission
United Permanent (£) Contract (£)
Belgium Permanent (€) Contract (€)
Kingdom
Junior Mid Senior Junior Mid Senior
Daily* Daily
(0-3 yrs) (4-8 yrs) (9+ yrs) (0-2yrs) (3-6 yrs) (7+ yrs)
Application Architect - 84,000 108,500 635 Application Architect - 59,750 75,750 750
Application Developer 43,000 45,000 62,000 650 Application Developer 43,150 60,500 72,500 650
Big Data Engineer 42,750 55,500 98,750 600 Big Data Engineer 46,750 62,500 80,000 750
Cloud Engineer 39,000 50,000 66,250 720 Cloud Engineer 44,550 60,500 77,000 750
Cloud Infrastructure Architect - 86,750 105,000 - Cloud Infrastructure Architect - 64,500 85,000 800
Cloud Security Architect - 81,750 102,000 800 Cloud Lead - - 90,000 1,000
Cloud Security Engineer 47,250 80,000 92,750 - Cloud Security Engineer 47,500 67,000 82,000 800
Cloud Systems Administrator 40,500 48,500 55,000 550 Cloud Systems Administrator 42,000 55,650 72,500 800
Data Engineer 45,000 68,750 85,500 820 Data Engineer 46,750 62,500 80,000 750
Data Scientist 60,000 70,000 90,250 850 Data Scientist 44,500 57,000 77,000 670
DevOps Architect - 92,000 115,000 800 DevOps Architect - 62,000 85,000 800
DevOps Engineer 57,500 65,000 91,250 750 DevOps Engineer 44,500 60,500 77,000 750
Front/Back End Software DevOps Lead - - 90,000 1,000

45,000 65,000 80,000 660
Engineer
Frontend/Backend
43,150 62,650 80,000 700
Full Stack Software Engineer 52,000 68,250 90,000 720 Cloud Software Engineer
Pre-Sales Architect ** Fullstack Cloud Software

- 88,250 110,000 - 43,150 62,650 80,000 700
Engineer
Pre-Sales Architect * - 65,000 90,000 800
Solutions Architect 70,000 78,000 104,000 957
Solutions Architect - 64,500 85,000 800

Salaries have been rounded to the nearest £250 for ease of reading, exclude Jefferson Frank
margins and are correct as of November 2021. For up-to-date information please contact Jefferson Salaries have been rounded to the nearest €250 for ease of reading, exclude Jefferson Frank
Frank directly. at www.jeffersonfrank.com/contact margins and are correct as of November 2021. For up-to-date information please contact Jefferson
*
Contract rates may be up to +/- £200 depending on seniority and experience Frank directly. at www.jeffersonfrank.com/contact
**
Base salary excluding commission *
Base salary excluding commission
France Permanent (€) Contract (€)
Germany Permanent (€) Contract (€)
Daily Daily
(0-3 yrs) (4-8 yrs) (9+ yrs) (0-3 yrs) (4-8 yrs) (9+ yrs)
Big Data Engineer 50,000 65,000 75,000 600- 700 Application Architect - 77,500 94,750 1,250
Cloud Application Architect 50,000 63,000 75,000 700-790 Application Developer 51,500 60,000 75,000 650
Cloud Engineer 55,000 63,000 72,000 550-700 Big Data Engineer 50,000 67,500 89,750 880
Cloud Infrastructure Architect 50,000 60,000 70,000 750-850 Solutions Architect 66,500 82,500 142,000 1,000
Cloud Security Architect 60,000 73,000 100,000 850-950 Cloud Engineer 66,000 75,000 86,750 800
Cloud Security Engineer 57,000 66,000 78,000 700-800 Cloud Infrastructure Architect - 78,500 98,500 950
Cloud Systems Administrator 45,000 50,000 55,000 450-550 Cloud Systems Administrator 47,250 62,250 77,250 800
Data Engineer 50,000 60,000 70,000 650-750 Data Engineer 51,000 62,250 85,000 880
Data Scientist 45,000 50,000 55,000 650-750 Data Scientist 59,000 64,000 70,500 900
DevOps Architect 53,000 60,000 70,000 750-850 DevOps Architect - 70,500 94,000 960
DevOps Engineer 55,000 63,000 72,000 550-700 DevOps Engineer 66,250 73,000 81,750 800
Solutions Architect 55,000 75,000 85,000 750-900 Pre-Sales Architect * - - 97,250 -
Site Reliability Engineer - 72,250 93,750 600
Cloud Security Architect 81,250 94,000 114,750 1,200
Cloud Security Engineer 58,250 66,250 88,000 1,000
Front/Back End Software

68,500 84,000 108,750 800
Engineer
Salaries have been rounded to the nearest €250 for ease of reading, exclude Jefferson Frank
Salaries have been rounded to the nearest €250 for ease of reading, exclude Jefferson Frank margins and are correct as of November 2021. For up-to-date information please contact Jefferson
margins and are correct as of November 2021. For up-to-date information please contact Jefferson Frank directly. at www.jeffersonfrank.com/contact
Frank directly. at www.jeffersonfrank.com/contact *
Italy Permanent (€)
Netherlands Permanent (€) Contract (€)
Daily
(0-3 yrs) (4-8 yrs) (9+ yrs) (0-2yrs) (3-6 yrs) (7+ yrs)
Application Architect - 42,000 64,250 Application Architect - 58,750 77,750 760
Application Developer 28,500 38,250 54,000 Application Developer 44,500 65,000 75,250 600
Big Data Engineer 27,500 36,000 46,750 Backend Cloud Software Engineer 44,500 65,000 80,000 760
Cloud Engineer 28,500 39,250 55,000 Big Data Engineer 48,500 64,000 82,000 770
Cloud Infrastructure Architect - 41,250 57,000 Cloud Engineer 45,500 62,500 81,750 770
Cloud Security Architect - 45,500 59,250 Cloud Infrastructure Architect - 66,000 85,000 880
Cloud Security Engineer 30,500 43,250 57,000 Cloud Lead - - 95,000 1,000
Cloud Systems Administrator 29,000 38,000 48,500 Cloud Security Engineer 47,500 67,000 82,000 800
Data Engineer 28,000 34,000 43,500 Cloud Systems Administrator 42,750 56,750 75,000 650
Data Scientist 27,500 35,000 49,750 Data Engineer 48,500 64,000 82,000 770
DevOps Architect - 39,250 62,250 Data Scientist 44,750 58,750 78,000 703
DevOps Engineer 32,500 42,500 58,500 DevOps Architect - 67,000 85,000 880
DevOps Engineer 45,500 62,500 81,750 770

Pre-Sales Architect * 30,500 39,250 55,000
DevOps Lead - - 95,000 1,000
Site Reliability Engineer 28,500 41,250 57,000
Frontend Cloud Software Engineer 44,500 65,000 80,000 760
Solutions Architect - 39,250 49,750
Fullstack Cloud Software Engineer 45,000 65,000 80,000 760
Pre-Sales Architect * - - 77,750 775
Solutions Architect - 67,000 85,000 880
Salaries have been rounded to the nearest €250 for ease of reading, exclude Jefferson Frank Salaries have been rounded to the nearest €250 for ease of reading, exclude Jefferson Frank
margins and are correct as of November 2021. For up-to-date information please contact Jefferson margins and are correct as of November 2021. For up-to-date information please contact Jefferson
Frank directly. at www.jeffersonfrank.com/contact Frank directly. at www.jeffersonfrank.com/contact
*
Base salary excluding commission *
Spain Permanent (€) Contract (€)
The AWS recruiter
Junior Mid Senior
Daily
of choice
(0-3 yrs) (4-8 yrs) (9+ yrs)
Application Architect 56,000 67,000 77,750 570
Application Developer 45,750 56,750 67,500 508 As an AWS Partner Network (APN) Work with us, and
Select Technology Partner, Jefferson you’ll get a dedicated
Big Data Engineer 45,750 56,750 70,000 508 Frank works with organizations
account manager
worldwide to find and deliver the best
Solutions Architect 56,000 70,000 79,750 570 AWS-certified professionals in the
who will manage the
ecosystem, with teams specializing recruitment process
Cloud Engineer 45,250 64,000 75,000 466 from start to finish and
in DevOps, Big Data, Business
Cloud Infrastructure Architect 50,000 65,500 75,000 508
Intelligence, IaaS/PaaS, and security. help you land your
We’re part of the award-winning
dream job or the high-
Cloud Systems Administrator 45,000 55,250 65,000 466
Frank Recruitment Group, a global caliber expertise you
Data Engineer 45,750 56,750 70,000 508 leader in staffing for IT professionals, need to propel your
and have a proven track record in business forward.
Data Scientist 40,750 51,500 62,250 466 servicing the AWS permanent and
contract recruitment market.
DevOps Architect 56,000 67,000 77,750 570
Whether you’re a professional working
DevOps Engineer 51,000 62,000 72,750 539 with AWS or a System Integrator,
Partner, Consultancy, or ISV looking to
Pre-Sales Architect * 61,000 72,250 83,000 642 hire new talent, our goal is to deliver a
customer experience like no other.
Cloud Security Architect 61,000 72,250 83,000 642
Cloud Security Engineer 50,000 60,000 70,000 508
What our customers say

“Jefferson Frank took the time to truly understand what
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Salaries have been rounded to the nearest €250 for ease of reading, exclude Jefferson Frank
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margins and are correct as of November 2021. For up-to-date information please contact Jefferson
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Typical AWS roles Jefferson Frank We’re AWS recruitment
specialists–it’s what we do
in numbers We’ve built our business around
we recruit for placing our customers at the

center of everything we do,
105,000+
and developing a detailed
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DevOps IaaS/PaaS We then tailor our service
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AWS DevOps Consultant AWS Enterprise Architect
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AWS DevOps Systems Administrator AWS Infrastructure Engineer and contract AWS talent. That’s
why businesses we work with
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come back to us repeatedly for
AWS Cloud Developer AWS Delivery Architect their staffing needs.
800,000+
AWS Cloud Solutions Architect AWS PaaS Engineer
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12,000+ key AWS professionals and
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Data Scientist
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Whether you’re seeking a short-term resource or a new permanent If the AWS professional of your
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2021 .

The ultimate source for the

About this report 9 Equality, diversity and inclusion 61

Training and certifications in the ecosystem 10 Employment and industry demographics 72

Skills and experience 18 AWS events 74

Insights for AWS professionals 23 AWS Career Spotlights

Insights for AWS contractors 37 DevOps Engineer 77

Insights for AWS end users 41 Solutions Architect 81

Insights for AWS partners 53 Full Stack Developer 87

Emerging Role Spotlight

Cloud Application Architect 95

AWS salaries 100

Candidate Search 113

3 Jefferson Frank’s Careers and Hiring Guide 2021.22 4

Are you a..? Or are you aiming

Are you looking to hire experienced

5 Jefferson Frank’s Careers and Hiring Guide 2021.22 Menu 6

7 Jefferson Frank’s Careers and Hiring Guide 2021.22 Menu 8

9 Jefferson Frank’s Careers and Hiring Guide 2021.22 Menu 10

70% 40% 37%

“[Certification] documents a high base-level

A number of certifications “Vendor-specific accreditation is required to

29% 27% 16%

candidates more valuable to employers? Administrator - Associate Architect - Professional - Specialty

11 Jefferson Frank’s Careers and Hiring Guide 2021.22 Menu 12

AWS Certified Solutions Architect – Associate 7 AWS Certified Security - Specialty 7%

13 Jefferson Frank’s Careers and Hiring Guide 2021.22 Menu 14

67% 46% 38%

How does gaining a certification impact

I haven’t noticed a change in my of 25%.

8 AWS Certified Database – Specialty 11%

professionals to get Promise of a pay increase after

certified Paid time off to attend training or study 44%

15 Jefferson Frank’s Careers and Hiring Guide 2021.22 Menu 16

Networking & Content Delivery 51%

AWS Cost Management 48%

Security Identity & Compliance 44%

Developer Tools 41%

Migration & Transfer 34%

AWS Application Integration 29%

Amazon Analytics 26%

Machine Learning 24%

Front-End Web & Mobile 22%

Management & Governance 21%

There was no noticeable difference between

17 Jefferson Frank’s Careers and Hiring Guide 2021.22 Menu 18

Google Microsoft “I find that long-term experience and

“Technical skills can be learned from various

Colleges can’t keep “AWS changes so rapidly that what is taught

“Cloud is very new and always evolving.

Degrees equip you with “While AWS offers a specific technical

“Degrees imply a broad educational

They demonstrate a “A degree is important no matter what

21 Jefferson Frank’s Careers and Hiring Guide 2021.22 Menu 22

Recommended resources Years of experience in IT 93% 7% 1%

Twitter handles recommended by Jefferson Frank • A willingness to learn

23 Jefferson Frank’s Careers and Hiring Guide 2021.22 Menu 24

My organization is more profitable than before COVID-19

62% 62% of respondents experienced a pay increase

25 Jefferson Frank’s Careers and Hiring Guide 2021.22 Menu 26

67% Why have some employees never negotiated a

31% 33% • My organization provides regular incremental pay increases

• There is no need to negotiate as my employer pays according to the

• There is no need to negotiate as my employer pays according to the

• Lack of knowledge about specific industry requirements

Yes, moved from an on-premise environment • Lack of understanding of applications internally