Name: Ambar Sanchez/ ………………..

/ Nathaly
Reina

Class: English II
Date: 21/12/2022
 What is competence and performance in Linguistics?

Linguistic competence is the ability to use and manipulate the fixed rules of a language. In
general, human beings acquire their first language intuitively and from this process, they receive
and process linguistic information. So, we can deduce that native speakers learn more specific
language skills through education and often have difficulty explaining grammatical rules. This
difficulty can test their language performances because they probably learned to speak from their
parents, or from people they grew up with, and therefore they will speak in the way that they spoke
to them as well. This fact explains why native speakers sometimes do not receive good grades in
their own language classes; because their speech and writing may differ from grammatical rules,
but they are still well understood. The knowledge, skills and attitudes that imply competence in
Communication Linguistics allow expressing thoughts, emotions, experiences and opinions, as
well as dialogue, form a critical and ethical judgement, generate ideas and structure knowledge, in
addition to giving cohesion speech and one's own actions and tasks and making decisions, and
also enjoying listening, reading and expressing themselves orally and in writing. Basic
competence in linguistic communication involves a set of knowledge, skills and attitudes that are
interrelated and mutually supportive in the act of communication.

Differences and similarities between English and Spanish.

There are also some differences between the two languages that could interfere with
pronunciation, reading, or spelling in English.
Perhaps the biggest difference between English and Spanish is that Spanish has only five vowel
sounds while English has more than 14, depending on regional dialects. This is the reason why
Spanish speakers can have a hard time differentiating between words like "sat" and "sit". The
English short sounds for "a" and "i" do not exist in Spanish, which means that Spanish speakers
may have trouble distinguishing between these sounds.
Other differences between Spanish and English are listed below:
The consonants v, ll, h, j, r, rr, z, and x have very different pronunciations in the two languages.
The consonant ñ does not exist in English; instead, the sound it represents is written with two
letters, ny.
Some combinations are pronounced differently. For example, in Spanish the u is not pronounced
when it appears in combination with q; therefore, students may not be sure how to pronounce
words like queen, quiet, or quick in English.
In English, hyphens are used instead of quotation marks as dialogue marks: "Come here," he said.
"Come here," he told her.
Spanish does not have the following combinations (listed by category):

Verbal contractions: don't, isn't, weren't, etc.

Plurals ending without a vowel: –ps, –ts
Certain vowel diagrams: ou, ow, eigh, aw, oo
Certain consonant diagrams: sh, th, wh, ph, kn, wr
Consonant fusions with s: sl, sm, sts, scr, spr, str, sk
Diagraphs and fusions in final position: There are no fusions or diagraphs in Spanish in final
position, which can make it particularly difficult for Spanish-speaking students to learn this pattern
when learning to read in English.
The English suffixes and prefixes (un–, over–, under–, –ly, –ness, –ful, –est) are different from
their Spanish counterparts and can cause problems for native Spanish speakers just like the
particle final participles –ed , especially when pronounced as a single syllable (/d/ or /t/).

Similitaries

First of all, both are alphabetic languages, which means that they use symbols (letters) to
represent sounds, as opposed to logographic systems such as Chinese, which use symbols to
represent whole words. Also, both languages use the Roman alphabet, so the letter sounds are
similar in both Spanish and English. This lays the foundation for the similarities between the two
languages.
Second, 30% to 40% of all words in English have a related word in Spanish. Similar in sound,
look, and meaning, these cognates help students transfer their knowledge of Spanish words to
English. (Learn more about cognates.)
Third, except for a couple of word order exceptions (adjective before noun in English and noun
before adjective in Spanish), sentences in both languages have the same basic structures
(compared to English and Spanish). Chinese or other languages not derived from Latin).
And fourth, the same basic components are involved in learning to read in both languages:
phonemic recognition, phonics, fluency, comprehension, and vocabulary.
When teachers and students know these basic similarities between the two languages, it saves
time and guess work as students transfer their knowledge from Spanish literacy to English literacy.
What is the future of English as a language?

English has seen an increase in popularity over the last few decades, with more and more people
choosing to study English as a second language. If English were to become a global language, it
can open up many opportunities, at the same time, there could also be a significant effect on
culture. Having English as a universal language has great potential, and would help advance
communication around the world, but that doesn't mean there aren't disadvantages if we have
English as a global language. Throughout this article, we are going to go into detail about how
English has grown in popularity around the world and the arguments for why we think English is
the universal language of the future, as well as what the future of English as a global language
could bring.
Bibli

https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/3498/349832317019.pdf

https://www.grin.com/document/352150