RESEARCH MAPPING

DATA COLLECTION
Quantitative Data
Qualitative Data
Meita Lesmiaty Khasyar
2208555
meitaismia@upi.edu
 INTRODUCTION
1. What is data collection?
2. Why should we collect data?
3. What are the different types of data
collection?
4. Data collection methods
The data collection steps include setting the
boundaries for the study, collecting information
through unstructured or semi structured observations
and interviews, documents, and visual materials, as
well as establishing the protocol for recording
information (Creswell, 2014)
Published byつかさ ねごろ (Tsukasa Negoro)
According to Kothari (1985:11) primary data is
original information collected for the first
time. On the other hand secondary data is
information that has been collected
previously and that has been put through
the statistical process.
https://methods.sagepub.com/book/designing-and-managing-a-research-project-4e/i1199.xml
Some basic questions to ask before collecting any
information are as follows:
• What information do you intend to gather?
• Where will you get this information, and how will it
be collected?
• Why is the information needed, and what questions
is the information going to answer?
• Who will use the information once collected?
• How will the information be analyzed?
• How will any analyses be used?

Bakewell, O; Adams, J and Pratt, B (2003), Sharpening the Development Process; A

practical guide to monitoring and evaluation. INTRAC, UK.
No one best way: decision
depends on:
– What you need to know: numbers
or stories
– Where the data reside:
environment, files, people
– Resources and time available
– Complexity of the data to be
collected
– Frequency of data collection
– Intended forms of data analysis
 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH APPROACH
DATA COLLECTION
http://kwangaikamed.weebly.com/data-collection-analysis-
-interpretation.html

In quantitative research approach, data collection

relies heavily on random sampling and structured
data collection methods. Each strategy of inquiry–
true experiment, quasi-experiment or non-experiment
employs several unique ways of data collection tools,
some which are given in the following chart:
 QUALITATIVE RESEARCH APPROACH
DATA COLLECTION
In qualitative research approach, data collection is usually unstructured and
data is collected for non-numerical analysis. Usually, the methods of data
collection all the strategies of qualitative inquiry–ethnography,
phenomenological, grounded theory, narrative and case studies-are similar.
Also, in qualitative research, multiple methods of data collection or collection
of data from multiple sources is practiced. This is called triangulation, and is
employed in order to collect data that provide sufficient data, provide more
information on a phenomenon or enhance deeper analysis and understanding
of a research study.

Types of triangulation may include method triangulation, source triangulation,

analysis triangulation and even theory triangulation (Denzin, 1978; Patton,
999). All forms of data gathering done in a research study form what is known
as a bricolage. Main forms of data collection under each strategy are given in
the following chart: