DISCUSSION 3 AND 4

In obtaining the value of the parts of the atom, of course we are being guided or governed
by the formula, Atomic Number (Z) = Proton (p+) = Electron = ( e ). Meaning, if the value
of proton is given, while the atomic number and electron are unknown, then, just copy the
value of the proton.
For example, find the value of the atomic number and the electron if the proton of the element is
10. So, in this case we will be using the formula p+ = Z = e . The answer is 10 = 10 = 10.
(If the atom is neutral, number of protons is equal to number of electrons.)
In obtaining the value of atomic mass, these are the formulas:
a. A = Proton (p+) + Neutron (no)
b. A = Atomic number (Z) + Neutron (no)
c. A = Electron ( e ) + Neutron (no)

Example 1: What is the atomic mass of the element if the number of protons is 95 and the
neutron is 16.5?
Formula: A = p+ + no
A = 95 + 16.5
A = 111.5
111.5 is the atomic mass of the element.

Example 2: Find the atomic mass of the element if the number of electron 85 and the neutron is
125. What is the element? (see periodic table)
Formula: A = e + no
A = 85 + 125
A = 210
The element is Astatine (At).
Example 3: If the atomic number of the element is 17 and the neutron is 18, then what is its
atomic mass? What is the name of the element? (see periodic table)
Formula: A = Z + no
A = 17+ 18
A = 35
The element is Chlorine (Cl).

To get the value of the neutron, these are the formulas:

a. no = A – Z
b. no = A – p+
c. no = A – e
Example 1: What is the neutron of element of Germanium if the atomic number is 32 and the
atomic mass is 72.61?
Formula: no = A – Z
no = 72.61 – 32
no = 40.61
Example 2: The atomic mass of the element is 183.85 and the number of protons is 74. What is
its neutron? What is the name and the symbol of the element? (see periodic table)
Formula: no = A – p+
no = 183.85 – 74
no = 109.85
The name of the element is Tungsten (W).
Example 3: If the number of electrons of the element is 79 and the atomic mass is 196.96, what
is its number of neutron and the name of the element with its symbol? (see periodic table)
Formula: no = A – e
no = 196.96 – 79
no = 117.96
Name of the element is Gold; the symbol is Au.

To come up with electron notation, just remember this formula Az E , wherein: A is the
Atomic mass, Z is the atomic number and E is the symbol of the element.

Example: What is the symbol of the element if the atomic mass is 101.86 and the atomic number
is 47? (see periodic table)
A
Formula: z E → 101.8647 Ag

To distribute the number of electrons of any elements in the periodic table, then, we are
being governed by the Electron Configuration which is the Mnemonic Device:
1s – 2s – 2p – 3s – 3p – 4s – 3d – 4p – 5s – 4d – 5p – 6s – 4f – 5d – 6p – 7s – 5f – 6d – 7p – 6f – 7d – 7f

Subshell s, (sharp) contains a maximum number of 2 electrons.

Subshell p, (principal) contains a maximum number of 6 electrons.
Subshell d, (diffusion) contains a maximum number of 10 electrons.
Subshell f, (fundamental) contains a maximum number of 14 electrons.

Example 1: Distribute the number of electrons of Chlorine (17Cl) using the mnemonic device. To
what period and block can you find the element based on the configuration?
Use the mnemonics: 17Cl = 1s2 – 2s2 – 2p6 – 3s2 – 3p5
Our basis in order to answer the questions being asked is the last orbital which is 3p5. Using the
periodic table, check if the period, block and order it belongs. The coefficient 3, indicate the
period, the subshell p indicates the block, and the exponent 5, indicate the order of the element in
that particular block, Therefore, the element chlorine is found in period 3, block p (principal) and
number 5 in that block.

Example 2: The element Cesium (Cs) has an atomic number of 55. Using the mnemonic devise,
what particular period, block and order of the said element in that particular block belongs?
Solution:
55
Cs = 1s2 – 2s2 – 2p6 – 3s2 – 3p6 – 4s2 – 3d10 – 4p6 – 5s2 – 4d10 – 5p6 – 6s1
Last orbital is 6s1.
Therefore, Cesium is found in period 6, block s (sharp) and number 1 in that block.