Organisms Andpopulation

Title
Organisms and populations

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GANEET
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1. Niche is
(a) all the biological factors in the organism’s environment
(b) the physical space where an organism lives
(c) the range of temperature that the organism needs to live
(d) the functional role played by the organism where it lives.
2. Pneumatophores occur in
(a) halophytes
(b) free-floating hydrophytes
(c) carnivorous plants
(d) submerged hydrophytes.
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1. Niche is
(a) all the biological factors in the organism’s environment
(b) the physical space where an organism lives
(c) the range of temperature that the organism needs to live
(d) the functional role played by the organism where it lives.
2. Pneumatophores occur in
(a) halophytes
(b) free-floating hydrophytes
(c) carnivorous plants
(d) submerged hydrophytes.

3. Plants which produce characteristic pneumatophores
and show vivipary belong to
(a) halophytes
(b) psammophytes
(c) hydrophytes
(d) mesophytes.
4. Presence of plants arranged into well defined vertical

layers depending on their height can be seen best in
(a) tropical rainforest
(b) grassland
(c) temperate forest
(d) tropical savannah.

3. Plants which produce characteristic pneumatophores
and show vivipary belong to
(a) halophytes
(b) psammophytes
(c) hydrophytes
(d) mesophytes.
4. Presence of plants arranged into well defined vertical

layers depending on their height can be seen best in
(a) tropical rainforest
(b) grassland
(c) temperate forest
(d) tropical savannah.

5. It is much easier for a small animal to run uphill than for
a large animal, because
(a) small animals have a lower O2 requirement
(b) the efficiency of muscles in large animals is less than in the small
animals
(c) it is easier to carry a small body weight
(d) smaller animals have a higher metabolic rate.
6. An association of individuals of different species living

in the same habitat and having functional interactions is
(a) ecosystem
(b) population
(c) ecological niche
(d) biotic community.
5. It is much easier for a small animal to run uphill than for
a large animal, because
(a) small animals have a lower O2 requirement
(b) the efficiency of muscles in large animals is less than in the small
animals
(c) it is easier to carry a small body weight
(d) smaller animals have a higher metabolic rate.
6. An association of individuals of different species living

in the same habitat and having functional interactions is
(a) ecosystem
(b) population
(c) ecological niche
7. Most animals are tree dwellers in a
(a) temperate deciduous forest
(b) tropical rainforest
(c) coniferous forest
(d) thorn woodland.
8. Just as a person moving from Delhi to Shimla to escape

the heat for the duration of hot summer, thousands of
migratory birds from Siberia and other extremely cold
northern regions move to
(a) Western Ghat
(b) Meghalaya
(c) Corbett National Park
(d) Keoladeo National Park.
7. Most animals are tree dwellers in a
(a) temperate deciduous forest
(b) tropical rainforest
(c) coniferous forest
(d) thorn woodland.
8. Just as a person moving from Delhi to Shimla to escape

the heat for the duration of hot summer, thousands of
migratory birds from Siberia and other extremely cold
northern regions move to
(a) Western Ghat
(b) Meghalaya
(c) Corbett National Park
(d) Keoladeo National Park.
9. Which one of the following is not a parasitic
adaptation?
(a) Development of adhesive organs
(b) Loss of digestive organs
(c) Loss of reproductive capacity
(d) Loss of unnecessary sense organs
10. Benthic organisms are affected the most by

(a) light reaching the forest floor
(b) surface turbulence of water
(c) sediment characteristics of aquatic ecosystems
(d) water-holding capacity of soil.

9. Which one of the following is not a parasitic
adaptation?
(a) Development of adhesive organs
(b) Loss of digestive organs
(c) Loss of reproductive capacity
(d) Loss of unnecessary sense organs
10. Benthic organisms are affected the most by

(a) light reaching the forest floor
(b) surface turbulence of water
(c) sediment characteristics of aquatic ecosystems
(d) water-holding capacity of soil.

11. People who have migrated from the planes to an area
adjoining Rohtang Pass about six months back
(a) have more RBCs and their haemoglobin has a lower binding
affinity to O2
(b) are not physically fit to play games like football
(c) suffer from altitude sickness with symptoms like nausea, fatigue,
etc.
(d) have the usual RBC count but their haemoglobin has very high
binding affinity to O2.
12. Large woody vines are more commonly found in

(a) temperate forests
(b) mangroves
(c) tropical rainforests
(d) alpine forests.
11. People who have migrated from the planes to an area
adjoining Rohtang Pass about six months back
(a) have more RBCs and their haemoglobin has a lower binding
affinity to O2
(b) are not physically fit to play games like football
(c) suffer from altitude sickness with symptoms like nausea, fatigue,
etc.
(d) have the usual RBC count but their haemoglobin has very high
binding affinity to O2.
12. Large woody vines are more commonly found in

(a) temperate forests
(b) mangroves
(c) tropical rainforests
(d) alpine forests.
13. Consider the following four conditions (1 - 4) and
select a correct pair of them as adaptations to
environment in desert lizards.
Conditions:
1. Burrowing in soil to escape high temperature.
2. Losing heat rapidly from the body during high
temperature.
3. Bask in sun when temperature is low.
4. Insulating body due to thick fatty dermis.
(a) 3, 4
(b) 1, 3
(c) 2, 4
(d) 1, 2
13. Consider the following four conditions (1 - 4) and
select a correct pair of them as adaptations to
environment in desert lizards.
Conditions:
1. Burrowing in soil to escape high temperature.
2. Losing heat rapidly from the body during high
temperature.
3. Bask in sun when temperature is low.
4. Insulating body due to thick fatty dermis.
(a) 3, 4
(b) 1, 3
(c) 2, 4
(d) 1, 2
14. The figure given below is a diagrammatic
representation of response of organisms to abiotic
factors. What do (i), (ii) and (iii) represent respectively?
(i) (ii) (iii)

(a) Conformer Regulator Partial regulator
(b) Regulator Partial Conformer Regulator
(c) Partial Regulator Conformer Regulator
(d) Regulator Conformer Partial regulator
14. The figure given below is a diagrammatic
representation of response of organisms to abiotic
factors. What do (i), (ii) and (iii) represent respectively?
(i) (ii) (iii)

(a) Conformer Regulator Partial regulator
(b) Regulator Partial Conformer Regulator
(c) Partial Regulator Conformer Regulator
(d) Regulator Conformer Partial regulator
15. Reduction in vascular tissue, mechanical tissue and
cuticle is characteristic of
(a) mesophytes
(b) epiphytes
(c) hydrophytes
(d) xerophytes.
16. Quercus species are the dominant component in

(a) scrub forests
(b) tropical rainforests
(c) temperate deciduous forests
(d) alpine forests.

15. Reduction in vascular tissue, mechanical tissue and
cuticle is characteristic of
(a) mesophytes
(b) epiphytes
(c) hydrophytes
(d) xerophytes.
16. Quercus species are the dominant component in

(a) scrub forests
(b) tropical rainforests
(c) temperate deciduous forests
(d) alpine forests.

17. Consider the following four statements (1-4) about
certain desert animals such as kangaroo, rat.
(1) They have dark colour and high rate of reproduction and
excrete solid urine.
(2) They do not drink water, breathe at a slow rate to
conserve water and have their body covered with thick hairs.
(3) They feed on dry seeds and do not require drinking water.
(4) They excrete very concentrated urine and do not use
water to regulate body temperature.
Which two of the above statements for such animals are
true?
(a) 3 and 1
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 3 and 4
(d) 2 and 3
17. Consider the following four statements (1-4) about
certain desert animals such as kangaroo, rat.
(1) They have dark colour and high rate of reproduction and
excrete solid urine.
(2) They do not drink water, breathe at a slow rate to
conserve water and have their body covered with thick hairs.
(3) They feed on dry seeds and do not require drinking water.
(4) They excrete very concentrated urine and do not use
water to regulate body temperature.
Which two of the above statements for such animals are
true?
(a) 3 and 1
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 3 and 4
(d) 2 and 3
18. Niche overlap indicates
(a) mutualism between two species
(b) active cooperation between two species
(c) two different parasites on the same host
(d) sharing of one or more resources between the two species.
19. People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC

per cubic millimeter of their blood whereas those living at
an altitude to 5400 metres have around 8 million. This is
because at high altitude
(a) people eat more nutritive food, therefore more RBCs are formed
(b) people get pollution-free air to breath and more oxygen is
available
(c) atmospheric O2 level is less and hence more RBCs are needed
to absorb the required amount of O2 to survive
(d) there is more UV radiation which enhances RBC production.
18. Niche overlap indicates
(a) mutualism between two species
(b) active cooperation between two species
(c) two different parasites on the same host
(d) sharing of one or more resources between the two species.
19. People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC

per cubic millimeter of their blood whereas those living at
an altitude to 5400 metres have around 8 million. This is
because at high altitude
(a) people eat more nutritive food, therefore more RBCs are formed
(b) people get pollution-free air to breath and more oxygen is
available
(c) atmospheric O2 level is less and hence more RBCs are
needed to absorb the required amount of O2 to survive
(d) there is more UV radiation which enhances RBC production.
20. Annual migration does not occur in the case of
(a) arctic tern
(b) salmon
(c) siberian crane
(d) salamander.
21. Praying mantis is a good example of

(a) camouflage
(b) mullerian mimicry
(c) warning colouration
(d) social insects.

20. Annual migration does not occur in the case of
(a) arctic tern
(b) salmon
(c) siberian crane
(d) salamander.
21. Praying mantis is a good example of

(a) camouflage
(b) mullerian mimicry
(c) warning colouration
(d) social insects.

22. More than 70% of world’s freshwater is contained in
(a) polar ice
(b) glaciers and mountains
(c) Antarctica
(d) Greenland.
23. At which latitude, heat gain through insolation

approximately equals heat loss through terrestrial
radiation?
(a) 22 1/2 ° North and South
(b) 40° North and South
(c) 42 1/2 ° North and South
(d) 66° North and South

22. More than 70% of world’s freshwater is contained in
(a) polar ice
(b) glaciers and mountains
(c) Antarctica
(d) Greenland.
23. At which latitude, heat gain through insolation

approximately equals heat loss through terrestrial
radiation?
(a) 22 1/2 ° North and South
(b) 40° North and South
(c) 42 1/2 ° North and South
(d) 66° North and South

24. Animals have the innate ability to escape from
predation. Examples for the same are given below. Select
the incorrect example.
(a) Colour change in Chamaeleon
(b) Enlargement of body size by swallowing air in puffer fish
(c) Poison fangs in snakes
(d) Melanism in moths
25. Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?

(a) Tundra – Permafrost
(b) Savanna – Acacia trees
(c) Prairie – Epiphytes
(d) Coniferous forest– Evergreen trees

24. Animals have the innate ability to escape from
predation. Examples for the same are given below. Select
the incorrect example.
(a) Colour change in Chamaeleon
(b) Enlargement of body size by swallowing air in puffer fish
(c) Poison fangs in snakes
(d) Melanism in moths
25. Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?

(a) Tundra – Permafrost
(b) Savanna – Acacia trees
(c) Prairie – Epiphytes
(d) Coniferous forest– Evergreen trees

26. In which one of the following pairs is the specific
characteristic of a soil not correctly matched?
(a) Laterite – Contains aluminium compound
(b) Terra rosa – Most suitable for roses
(c) Chernozems – Richest soil in the world
(d) Black soil – Rich in calcium carbonate
27. In which one of the following habitats does the diurnal

temperature of soil surface vary most?
(a) Shrub land
(b) Forest
(c) Desert
(d) Grassland

26. In which one of the following pairs is the specific
characteristic of a soil not correctly matched?
(a) Laterite – Contains aluminium compound
(b) Terra rosa – Most suitable for roses
(c) Chernozems – Richest soil in the world
(d) Black soil – Rich in calcium carbonate
27. In which one of the following habitats does the diurnal

temperature of soil surface vary most?
(a) Shrub land
(b) Forest
(c) Desert
(d) Grassland

28. What is true for individuals of same species?
(a) Live in same niche
(b) Live in same habitat
(c) Interbreeding
(d) Live in different habitat
29. Cause of mimicry is

(a) concealment
(b) offence
(c) defence
(d) both (b) and (c)

28. What is true for individuals of same species?
(a) Live in same niche
(b) Live in same habitat
(c) Interbreeding
(d) Live in different habitat
29. Cause of mimicry is

(a) concealment
(b) offence
(c) defence
(d) both (b) and (c)

30. Which part of the world has a high density of
organisms?
(a) Deciduous forests
(b) Tropical rainforests
(c) Grasslands
(d) Savannah
31. In desert grasslands, which type of animals are

relatively more abundant?
(a) Aquatic
(b) Fossorial
(c) Diurnal
(d) Arboreal

30. Which part of the world has a high density of
organisms?
(a) Deciduous forests
(b) Tropical rainforests
(c) Grasslands
(d) Savannah
31. In desert grasslands, which type of animals are

relatively more abundant?
(a) Aquatic
(b) Fossorial
(c) Diurnal
(d) Arboreal

32. Plants such as Prosopis, Acacia and Capparis
represent examples of tropical
(a) deciduous forests
(b) evergreen forests
(c) grasslands
(d) thorn forests.
33. Which of the following communities is more

vulnerable to invasion by outside animals and plants?
(a) Temperate forests
(b) Oceanic island communities
(c) Mangroves
(d) Tropical evergreen forests

32. Plants such as Prosopis, Acacia and Capparis
represent examples of tropical
(a) deciduous forests
(b) evergreen forests
(c) grasslands
(d) thorn forests.
33. Which of the following communities is more

vulnerable to invasion by outside animals and plants?
(a) Temperate forests
(b) Oceanic island communities
(c) Mangroves
(d) Tropical evergreen forests

34. During adverse season, therophytes survive by
(a) rhizomes
(b) seeds
(c) bulbs
(d) corms
35. Benthoic animals are those, which

(a) are submerged in area
(b) float on the sea surface
(c) are deep dweller in sea
(d) are floating (free) organisms

34. During adverse season, therophytes survive by
(a) rhizomes
(b) seeds
(c) bulbs
(d) corms
35. Benthoic animals are those, which

(a) are submerged in area
(b) float on the sea surface
(c) are deep dweller in sea
(d) are floating (free) organisms

36. The ‘niche’ of a species is meant for
(a) habitat and specific functions of a species
(b) specific place where an organism lives
(c) specific species function and its competitive power
(d) none of these.
37. The animals of cold countries have relatively shorter

and poorly developed ears, eyes, hairs and other
phenotypic characters. This is known by which law?
(a) Cope’s Law
(b) Dollo’s Law
(c) Allen’s Law
(d) Bergamann’s Law

36. The ‘niche’ of a species is meant for
(a) habitat and specific functions of a species
(b) specific place where an organism lives
(c) specific species function and its competitive power
(d) none of these.
37. The animals of cold countries have relatively shorter

and poorly developed ears, eyes, hairs and other
phenotypic characters. This is known by which law?
(a) Cope’s Law
(b) Dollo’s Law
(c) Allen’s Law
(d) Bergamann’s Law

38. Study of inter-relationships between organisms and
their environment is
(a) ecology
(b) ecosystem
(c) phytogeography
(d) ethology.
39. The sum total of the populations of the same kind of

organisms constitute
(a) colony
(b) genus
(c) community
(d) species.

38. Study of inter-relationships between organisms and
their environment is
(a) ecology
(b) ecosystem
(c) phytogeography
(d) ethology.
39. The sum total of the populations of the same kind of

organisms constitute
(a) colony
(b) genus
(c) community
(d) species.

40. Fertility of soil is measured by its ability to
(a) retain nutrients
(b) hold organic materials
(c) hold water
(d) support life.
41. Soil particles determine its

(a) texture
(b) field capacity
(c) water holding capacity
(d) soil flora.

40. Fertility of soil is measured by its ability to
(a) retain nutrients
(b) hold organic materials
(c) hold water
(d) support life.
41. Soil particles determine its

(a) texture
(b) field capacity
(c) water holding capacity
(d) soil flora.

42. Homeostasis is
(a) tendency of biological systems to change with change in
environment
(b) tendency of biological systems to resist change
(c) disturbance of self regulatory system and natural controls
(d) biotic materials used in homeopathic medicines
43. Deep black soil is productive due to high proportion of

(a) sand and zinc
(b) gravel and calcium
(c) clay and humus
(d) silt and earthworm.

42. Homeostasis is
(a) tendency of biological systems to change with change in
environment
(b) tendency of biological systems to resist change
(c) disturbance of self regulatory system and natural controls
(d) biotic materials used in homeopathic medicines
43. Deep black soil is productive due to high proportion of

(a) sand and zinc
(b) gravel and calcium
(c) clay and humus
(d) silt and earthworm.

44. Which of the following is not an attribute of a
population?
(a) Sex ratio
(b) Natality
(c) Mortality
(d) Species interaction
45. Carnivorous animals lions and leopards, occupy the

same niche but lions predate mostly larger animals and
leopards take smaller ones. This mechanism of
competition is referred to as
(a) character displacement
(b) altruism
(c) resource partitioning
(d) competitive exclusion
44. Which of the following is not an attribute of a
population?
(a) Sex ratio
(b) Natality
(c) Mortality
(d) Species interaction
45. Carnivorous animals lions and leopards, occupy the

same niche but lions predate mostly larger animals and
leopards take smaller ones. This mechanism of
competition is referred to as
(a) character displacement
(b) altruism
(c) resource partitioning
(d) competitive exclusion
46. Between which among the following,the relationship is
not an example of commensalism?
(a) Orchid and the tree on which it grows
(b) Cattle Egret and grazing cattle
(c) Sea Anemone and Clown fish
(d) Female wasp and fig species
47. Natality refers to

(a) death rate
(b) birth rate
(c) number of individuals leaving the habitat
(d) number of individuals entering a habitat.

46. Between which among the following,the relationship is
not an example of commensalism?
(a) Orchid and the tree on which it grows
(b) Cattle Egret and grazing cattle
(c) Sea Anemone and Clown fish
(d) Female wasp and fig species
47. Natality refers to

(a) death rate
(b) birth rate
(c) number of individuals leaving the habitat
(d) number of individuals entering a habitat.

48. Which one of the following plants shows a very close
relationship with a species of moth, where none of the
two can complete its life cycle without the other?
(a) Hydrilla
(b) Yucca
(c) Banana
(d) Viola
49. In a growing population of a country,

(a) pre-reproductive individuals are more than the reproductive
individuals
(b) reproductive individuals are less than the post reproductive
individuals
(c) reproductive and pre-reproductive individuals are equal in number
(d) pre-reproductive individuals are less than the reproductive
individuals.
48. Which one of the following plants shows a very close
relationship with a species of moth, where none of the
two can complete its life cycle without the other?
(a) Hydrilla
(b) Yucca
(c) Banana
(d) Viola
49. In a growing population of a country,

(a) pre-reproductive individuals are more than the reproductive
individuals
(b) reproductive individuals are less than the post reproductive
individuals
(c) reproductive and pre-reproductive individuals are equal in number
(d) pre-reproductive individuals are less than the reproductive
individuals.
50. Which one of the following population interactions is
widely used in medical science for the production of
antibiotics?
(a) Commensalism
(b) Mutualism
(c) Parasitism
(d) Amensalism
51. Asymptote in a logistic growth curve is obtained when

(a) K = N
(b) K > N
(c) the value of ‘r’ approaches zero
(d) none of the above

50. Which one of the following population interactions is
widely used in medical science for the production of
antibiotics?
(a) Commensalism
(b) Mutualism
(c) Parasitism
(d) Amensalism
51. Asymptote in a logistic growth curve is obtained when

(a) K = N
(b) K > N
(c) the value of ‘r’ approaches zero
(d) none of the above

52. Mycorrhizae are the example of
(a) amensalism
(b) antibiosis
(c) mutualism
(d) fungistasis.
53. Which of the following is correct for r-selected

species?
(a) Large number of progeny with small size
(b) Large number of progeny with large size
(c) Small number of progeny with small size
(d) Small number of progeny with large size

52. Mycorrhizae are the example of
(a) amensalism
(b) antibiosis
(c) mutualism
(d) fungistasis.
53. Which of the following is correct for r-selected

species?
(a) Large number of progeny with small size
(b) Large number of progeny with large size
(c) Small number of progeny with small size
(d) Small number of progeny with large size

54. If ‘+’sign is assigned to beneficial interaction, ‘–’sign
to detrimental and ‘O’ sign to neutral interaction, then the
population interaction represented by ‘+’ ‘–’ refers to
(a) mutualism
(b) amensalism
(c) commensalism
(d) parasitism.
55. The principle of competitive exclusion was stated by

(a) C. Darwin
(b) G.F. Gause
(c) Mac Arthur
(d) Verhulst and Pearl.

54. If ‘+’sign is assigned to beneficial interaction, ‘–’sign
to detrimental and ‘O’ sign to neutral interaction, then the
population interaction represented by ‘+’ ‘–’ refers to
(a) mutualism
(b) amensalism
(c) commensalism
(d) parasitism.
55. The principle of competitive exclusion was stated by

(a) C. Darwin
(b) G.F. Gause
(c) Mac Arthur
(d) Verhulst and Pearl.

56. When does the growth rate of a population following
the logistic model equal zero? The logistic model is given
as dN/dt = rN(1–N/K)
(a) when N/K equals zero
(b) when death rate is greater than birth rate
(c) when N/K is exactly one
(d) when N nears the carrying capacity of the habitat.
57. Gause’s principle of competitive exclusion states that

(a) no two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely for the
same limiting resources
(b) larger organisms exclude smaller ones through competition
(c) more abundant species will exclude the less abundant species
through competition
(d) competition for the same resources exclude species having
different food preferences
56. When does the growth rate of a population following
the logistic model equal zero? The logistic model is given
as dN/dt = rN(1–N/K)
(a) when N/K equals zero
(b) when death rate is greater than birth rate
(c) when N/K is exactly one
(d) when N nears the carrying capacity of the habitat.
57. Gause’s principle of competitive exclusion states that

(a) no two species can occupy the same niche indefinitely for
the same limiting resources
(b) larger organisms exclude smaller ones through competition
(c) more abundant species will exclude the less abundant species
through competition
(d) competition for the same resources exclude species having
different food preferences
58. The following graph depicts changes in two populations
(A and B) of herbivores in a grassy field. A possible reason
for these changes is that
(a) population A produced more offspring than population B

(b) population A consumed the members of population B
(c) both plant populations in this habitat decreased
(d) population B competed more successfully for food than
population A.

58. The following graph depicts changes in two populations
(A and B) of herbivores in a grassy field. A possible reason
for these changes is that
(a) population A produced more offspring than population B

(b) population A consumed the members of population B
(c) both plant populations in this habitat decreased
(d) population B competed more successfully for food than
population A.

59. In which of the following interactions both partners
are adversely affected?
(a) Parasitism
(b) Mutualism
(c) Competition
(d) Predation
60. According to Darwin, the organic evolution is due to

(a) competition within closely related species
(b) reduced feeding efficiency in one species due to the presence of
interfering species
(c) intraspecific competition
(d) interspecific competition.

59. In which of the following interactions both partners
are adversely affected?
(a) Parasitism
(b) Mutualism
(c) Competition
(d) Predation
60. According to Darwin, the organic evolution is due to

(a) competition within closely related species
(b) reduced feeding efficiency in one species due to the presence of
interfering species
(c) intraspecific competition
(d) interspecific competition.

61. Besides paddy fields, cyanobacteria are also found
inside vegetative part of
(a) Equisetum
(b) Psilotum
(c) Pinus
(d) Cycas.
62. A sedentary sea anemone gets attached to the shell

lining of hermit crab. The association is
(a) commensalism
(b) amensalism
(c) ectoparasitism
(d) symbiosis.

61. Besides paddy fields, cyanobacteria are also found
inside vegetative part of
(a) Equisetum
(b) Psilotum
(c) Pinus
(d) Cycas.
62. A sedentary sea anemone gets attached to the shell

lining of hermit crab. The association is
(a) commensalism
(b) amensalism
(c) ectoparasitism
(d) symbiosis.

63. A biologist studied the population of rats in a barn. He
found that the average natality was 250, average mortality
240, immigration 20 and emigration 30. The net increase
in population is
(a) 05
(b) zero
(c) 10
(d) 15.
64. The age pyramid with broad base indicates

(a) high percentage of old individuals
(b) low percentage of young individuals
(c) a stable population
(d) high percentage of young individuals.
63. A biologist studied the population of rats in a barn. He
found that the average natality was 250, average mortality
240, immigration 20 and emigration 30. The net increase
in population is
(a) 05
(b) zero
(c) 10
(d) 15.
64. The age pyramid with broad base indicates

(a) high percentage of old individuals
(b) low percentage of young individuals
(c) a stable population
(d) high percentage of young individuals.
65. Cuscuta is an example of
(a) ectoparasitism
(b) brood parasitism
(c) predation
(d) endoparasitism.
66. What type of human population is represented by the

following age pyramid?
(a) Vanishing population

(b) Stable population
(c) Declining population
(d) Expanding population
65. Cuscuta is an example of
(a) ectoparasitism
(b) brood parasitism
(c) predation
(d) endoparasitism.
66. What type of human population is represented by the

following age pyramid?
(a) Vanishing population

(b) Stable population
(c) Declining population
(d) Expanding population
67. Which one of the following is categorised as a parasite
in true sense?
(a) The female Anopheles bites and sucks blood from humans.
(b) Human fetus developing inside the uterus draws nourishment
from the mother.
(c) Head louse living on the human scalp as well as laying eggs on
human hair.
(d) The cuckoo (koel) lays its eggs in crow’s nest.
68. The logistic population growth is expressed by the

equation

67. Which one of the following is categorised as a parasite
in true sense?
(a) The female Anopheles bites and sucks blood from humans.
(b) Human fetus developing inside the uterus draws nourishment
from the mother.
(c) Head louse living on the human scalp as well as laying eggs
on human hair.
(d) The cuckoo (koel) lays its eggs in crow’s nest.
68. The logistic population growth is expressed by the

equation (b)

69. Which one of the following is most appropriately
defined?
(a) Host is an organism which provides food to another organism.
(b) Amensalism is a relationship in which one species is benefitted
whereas the other is unaffected.
(c) Predator is an organism that catches and kills other organism for
food.
(d) Parasite is an organism which always lives inside the body of
other organism and may kill it
70. Geometric representation of age structure is a

characteristic of
(a) population
(b) landscape
(c) ecosystem
69. Which one of the following is most appropriately
defined?
(a) Host is an organism which provides food to another organism.
(b) Amensalism is a relationship in which one species is benefitted
whereas the other is unaffected.
(c) Predator is an organism that catches and kills other
organism for food.
(d) Parasite is an organism which always lives inside the body of
other organism and may kill it
70. Geometric representation of age structure is a

characteristic of
(a) population
(b) landscape
(c) ecosystem
71. A country with a high rate of population growth took
measures to reduce it. The figure below shows age-sex
pyramids of populations A and B twenty years apart.
Select the correct interpretation about them.
Interpretations:
(a) “B” is earlier pyramid and shows stabilized growth rate.
(b) “B” is more recent showing that population is very young.
(c) “A” is the earlier pyramid and no change has occurred in the
growth rate.
(d) “A” is more recent and shows slight reduction in the growth rate.
71. A country with a high rate of population growth took
measures to reduce it. The figure below shows age-sex
pyramids of populations A and B twenty years apart.
Select the correct interpretation about them.
Interpretations:
(a) “B” is earlier pyramid and shows stabilized growth rate.
(b) “B” is more recent showing that population is very young.
(c) “A” is the earlier pyramid and no change has occurred in the
growth rate.
(d) “A” is more recent and shows slight reduction in the growth
rate.
72. The population of an insect species shows an
explosive increase in numbers during rainy season
followed by its disappearance at the end of the season.
What does this show?
(a) The food plants mature and die at the end of the rainy season.
(b) Its population growth curve is of J-type.
(c) The population of its predators increases enormously.
(d) S-shaped or sigmoid growth of this insect.
73. If the mean and the median pertaining to a certain

character of a population are of the same value, the
following is most likely to occur
(a) a bi-modal distribution
(b) a T-shaped curve
(c) a skewed curve
(d) a normal distribution.
72. The population of an insect species shows an
explosive increase in numbers during rainy season
followed by its disappearance at the end of the season.
What does this show?
(a) The food plants mature and die at the end of the rainy season.
(b) Its population growth curve is of J-type.
(c) The population of its predators increases enormously.
(d) S-shaped or sigmoid growth of this insect.
73. If the mean and the median pertaining to a certain

character of a population are of the same value, the
following is most likely to occur
(a) a bi-modal distribution
(b) a T-shaped curve
(c) a skewed curve
(d) a normal distribution.
74. A high density of elephant population in an area can result in
(a) intraspecific competition
(b) interspecific competition
(c) predation on one another
(d) mutualism.
75. Certain characteristic demographic features of developing

countries are
(a) high fertility, low or rapidly falling mortality rate, rapid population growth
and a very young age distribution
(b) high fertility, high density, rapidly rising mortality rate and a very young
age distribution
(c) high infant mortality, low fertility, uneven population growth and a very
young age distribution
(d) high mortality, high density, uneven population growth and a very old age
distribution.
74. A high density of elephant population in an area can result in
(a) intraspecific competition
(b) interspecific competition
(c) predation on one another
(d) mutualism.
75. Certain characteristic demographic features of developing

countries are
(a) high fertility, low or rapidly falling mortality rate, rapid population
growth and a very young age distribution
(b) high fertility, high density, rapidly rising mortality rate and a very young
age distribution
(c) high infant mortality, low fertility, uneven population growth and a very
young age distribution
(d) high mortality, high density, uneven population growth and a very old age
distribution.
Title
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
ECOLOGY
ECOSYSTEM
1.The term ecosystem was coined by
1) E. Haeckel
2) E.Warming
3) E.P. Odum
4) A. G. Tansley
2. Which one of the following is a characteristic feature of

cropland ecosystem?
1) Absence of weeds
2) Ecological succession
3) Absence of soil organisms
4) Least genetic diversity
1.The term ecosystem was coined by
1) E. Haeckel
2) E.Warming
3) E.P. Odum
4) A. G. Tansley
2. Which one of the following is a characteristic feature of

cropland ecosystem?
1) Absence of weeds
2) Ecological succession
3) Absence of soil organisms
4) Least genetic diversity
3.Vertical distribution of different species occupying different
levels in a biotic community is known as
1) zonation
2) pyramid
3) divergence
4) stratification
4.Which one of the following is not a functional unit of an

ecosystem?
1) Energy flow
2) Decomposition
3) Productivity
4) Stratification
3.Vertical distribution of different species occupying different
levels in a biotic community is known as
1) zonation
2) pyramid
3) divergence
4) stratification
4.Which one of the following is not a functional unit of an

ecosystem?
1) Energy flow
2) Decomposition
3) Productivity
4) Stratification
5.Which one of the following is one of the characteristics of
a biological community?
1) Stratification
2) Natality
3) Mortality
4) Sex-ratio
6.Which of the following is the most stable ecosystem?
1) Mountain
2) Ocean
3) Forest
4) Desert
5.Which one of the following is one of the characteristics of
a biological community?
1) Stratification
2) Natality
3) Mortality
4) Sex-ratio
6.Which of the following is the most stable ecosystem?
1) Mountain
2) Ocean
3) Forest
4) Desert
7.In relation to Gross primary productivity and Net primary
productivity of an ecosystem, which one of the following statements
is correct?
1) Gross primary productivity is always less than Net primary productivity.

2) Gross primary productivity is always more than Net primary productivity
3) Gross primary productivity and Net primary productivity are one and same.
4) There is no relationship between Gross primary productivity and Net primary
productivity
8.The mass of living material at a trophic level at a particular time is

called
1) net primary productivity

2) standing crop
3) gross primary productivity
4) standing state
7.In relation to Gross primary productivity and Net primary
productivity of an ecosystem, which one of the following statements
is correct?
1) Gross primary productivity is always less than Net primary productivity.

2) Gross primary productivity is always more than Net primary productivity
3) Gross primary productivity and Net primary productivity are one and same.
4) There is no relationship between Gross primary productivity and Net primary
productivity
8.The mass of living material at a trophic level at a particular time is

called

2) standing crop
4) standing state
9.In an ecosystem the rate of production of organic
matter during photosynthesis is termed as
1) secondary productivity
2) net productivity
10.Secondary productivity is rate of formation of new

organic matter by
1) consumers
2) decomposers
3) producers
4) parasites
9.In an ecosystem the rate of production of organic
matter during photosynthesis is termed as
2) net productivity
10.Secondary productivity is rate of formation of new

organic matter by
1) consumers
2) decomposers
3) producers
4) parasites
11.The rate of formation of new organic matter by rabbit
in a grassland, is called
1) net productivity
12.Mass of living matter at a trophic level in an area at

any time is called
1) standing crop
2) detritus
3) humus
4) standing state
11.The rate of formation of new organic matter by rabbit
in a grassland, is called
1) net productivity
12.Mass of living matter at a trophic level in an area at

any time is called
1) standing crop
2) detritus
3) humus
4) standing state
13.The biomass available for consumption by the
herbivores and the decomposers is called
3) standing crop
14.Which one of the following ecosystem types has

the highest annual net primary productivity?
1) Tropical deciduous forest

2) Temperate evergreen forest
3) Temperate deciduous forest
4) Tropical rainforest
13.The biomass available for consumption by the
herbivores and the decomposers is called
3) standing crop
14.Which one of the following ecosystem types has

the highest annual net primary productivity?
1) Tropical deciduous forest

2) Temperate evergreen forest
15.Which of the following is expected to have the
highest value (gm/m2 /yr) in a grassland ecosystem?
1) Secondary production
2) Tertiary production
3) Gross production (GP)
4) Net production (NP)
16.The rate at which light energy is converted into

chemical energy of organic molecules is the
ecosystem’s
1) net secondary productivity

4) gross secondary productivity
15.Which of the following is expected to have the
highest value (gm/m2 /yr) in a grassland ecosystem?
1) Secondary production
2) Tertiary production
3) Gross production (GP)
4) Net production (NP)
16.The rate at which light energy is converted into

chemical energy of organic molecules is the
ecosystem’s
1) net secondary productivity

4) gross secondary productivity
17.Which of the following ecosystem has the highest
gross primary productivity?
1) Mangroves
2) Rainforest
3) Grassland
4) Coral reef
18. Maximum solar energy is trapped by

1) planting trees
2) cultivating crops
3) growing algae in tanks
4) growing grasses
17.Which of the following ecosystem has the highest
gross primary productivity?
1) Mangroves
2) Rainforest
3) Grassland
4) Coral reef
18. Maximum solar energy is trapped by

1) planting trees
2) cultivating crops
3) growing algae in tanks
4) growing grasses
19.A very efficient converter of solar energy with net productivity
of 204 kg/m2 or more is the crop
1) wheat
2) sugarcane
3) rice
4) bajra
20.Which one of the following processes during decomposition is

correctly described?
1) Catabolism – Last step in the decomposition under fully anaerobic condition

2) Leaching – Water soluble inorganic nutrients rise to the top layers of soil
3) Fragmentation – Carried out by organisms such as earthworm
4) Humification – Leads to the accumulation of a dark coloured substance humus
which undergoes microbial action at a very fast rate.
19.A very efficient converter of solar energy with net productivity
of 204 kg/m2 or more is the crop
1) wheat
2) sugarcane
3) rice
4) bajra
20.Which one of the following processes during decomposition is

correctly described?
1) Catabolism – Last step in the decomposition under fully anaerobic condition

2) Leaching – Water soluble inorganic nutrients rise to the top layers of soil
3) Fragmentation – Carried out by organisms such as earthworm
4) Humification – Leads to the accumulation of a dark coloured substance humus
which undergoes microbial action at a very fast rate.
21.The breakdown of detritus into smaller particles by
earthworm is a process called
1) humification
2) fragmentation
3) mineralisation
4) catabolism
22. The slow rate of decomposition of fallen logs in

nature is due to their
1) anaerobic environment around them

2) low cellulose content
3) low moisture content
4) poor nitrogen content
21.The breakdown of detritus into smaller particles by
earthworm is a process called
1) humification
2) fragmentation
3) mineralisation
4) catabolism
22. The slow rate of decomposition of fallen logs in

nature is due to their
1) anaerobic environment around them

2) low cellulose content
3) low moisture content
4) poor nitrogen content
23. Plant decomposers are
1) monera and fungi

2) fungi and plants
3) protista and animalia
4) animalia and monera
24.Which of the following acts as“nature’s scavengers”?
1) Insects
2) Microorganisms
3) Man
4) Animals
23. Plant decomposers are
1) monera and fungi

2) fungi and plants
3) protista and animalia
4) animalia and monera
24.Which of the following acts as“nature’s scavengers”?
1) Insects
2) Microorganisms
3) Man
4) Animals
25.If we completely remove the decomposers from an
ecosystem, its functioning will be adversely affected,
because
1) mineral movement will be blocked

2) the rate of decomposition will be very high
3) energy flow will be blocked
4) herbivores will not receive solar energy
26.The primary producers of the deep-sea hydrothermal

vent ecosystem are
1) green algae
2) chemosynthetic bacteria
3) blue-green algae
4) coral reefs
25.If we completely remove the decomposers from an
ecosystem, its functioning will be adversely affected,
because
1) mineral movement will be blocked

2) the rate of decomposition will be very high
3) energy flow will be blocked
4) herbivores will not receive solar energy
26.The primary producers of the deep-sea hydrothermal

vent ecosystem are
1) green algae
2) chemosynthetic bacteria
3) blue-green algae
4) coral reefs
27.Most animals that live in deep oceanic waters are
1) tertiary consumers
2) detritivores
3) primary consumers
4) secondary consumers
28.If 20 J of energy is trapped at producer level, then how

much energy will be available to peacock as food in the
following chain?
Plant → Mice → Snake → Peacock
1) 0.02 J
2) 0.002 J
3) 0.2 J
4) 0.0002 J
27.Most animals that live in deep oceanic waters are
1) tertiary consumers
2) detritivores
3) primary consumers
4) secondary consumers
28.If 20 J of energy is trapped at producer level, then how

much energy will be available to peacock as food in the
following chain?
Plant → Mice → Snake → Peacock
1) 0.02 J
2) 0.002 J
3) 0.2 J
4) 0.0002 J
29.Which of the following is a primary consumer in
maize field ecosystem?
1) Grasshopper
2) Wolf
3) Phytoplankton
4) Lion
30.When man eats fish which feeds on zooplanktons

which have eaten small plants, the producer in this chain
is
1) small plants
2) fish
3) man
4) zooplankton
29.Which of the following is a primary consumer in
maize field ecosystem?
1) Grasshopper
2) Wolf
3) Phytoplankton
4) Lion
30.When man eats fish which feeds on zooplanktons

which have eaten small plants, the producer in this chain
is
1) small plants
2) fish
3) man
4) zooplankton
31. Identify the possible link “A” in the following food
chain.
Plant → Insect → Frog → “A” → Eagle
1) Rabbit
2) Wolf
3) Cobra
4) Parrot
32. Of the total incident solar radiation the proportion

of PAR is
1) about 70%
2) about 60%
3) less than 50%
4) more than 80%
31. Identify the possible link “A” in the following food
chain.
Plant → Insect → Frog → “A” → Eagle
1) Rabbit
2) Wolf
3) Cobra
4) Parrot
32. Of the total incident solar radiation the proportion

of PAR is
1) about 70%
2) about 60%
3) less than 50%
4) more than 80%
33.Which one of the following animals may occupy
more than one trophic levels in the same ecosystem
at the same time?
1) Sparrow
2) Lion
3) Goat
4) Frog
34. Which one of the following types of organisms

occupy more than one trophic level in a pond
ecosystem?
1) Fish
2) Zooplankton
3) Frog
4) Phytoplankton
33.Which one of the following animals may occupy
more than one trophic levels in the same ecosystem
at the same time?
1) Sparrow
2) Lion
3) Goat
4) Frog
34. Which one of the following types of organisms

occupy more than one trophic level in a pond
ecosystem?
1) Fish
2) Zooplankton
3) Frog
4) Phytoplankton
35.Bamboo plant is growing in a fir forest then what will be
the trophic level of it?
1) First trophic level (T1)

2) Second trophic level (T2)
3) Third trophic level (T3)
4) Fourth trophic level (T4)
36.Which is the reason for highest biomass in aquatic

ecosystem?
1) Nano plankton, blue green algae and green

algae
2) Sea grass and slime moulds
3) Benthic and brown algae
4) Diatoms
35.Bamboo plant is growing in a fir forest then what will be
the trophic level of it?
1) First trophic level (T1)

2) Second trophic level (T2)
3) Third trophic level (T3)
4) Fourth trophic level (T4)
36.Which is the reason for highest biomass in aquatic

ecosystem?
1) Nano plankton, blue green algae and green

algae
2) Sea grass and slime moulds
3) Benthic and brown algae
4) Diatoms
37.Energy transfer from one trophic level to other, in a food
chain, is
(a) 10%
(b) 20%
(c) 1%
(d) 2%.
38.In a terrestrial ecosystem such as forest, maximum

energy is in which trophic level?
1) T3
2) T4
3) T1
4) T2
37.Energy transfer from one trophic level to other, in a food
chain, is
(a) 10%
(b) 20%
(c) 1%
(d) 2%.
38.In a terrestrial ecosystem such as forest, maximum

energy is in which trophic level?
1) T3
2) T4
3) T1
4) T2
39.The 10% energy transfer law of food chain was given by
1) Lindemann
2) Tansley
3) Stanley
4) Weissman
40. In a biotic community, the primary consumers are
1) detritivores
2) herbivores
3) carnivores
4) omnivores
39.The 10% energy transfer law of food chain was given by
1) Lindemann
2) Tansley
3) Stanley
4) Weissman
40. In a biotic community, the primary consumers are
1) detritivores
2) herbivores
3) carnivores
4) omnivores
41.The dominant second trophic level, in a lake ecosystem,
is
1) phytoplankton
2) zooplankton
3) benthos
4) plankton
42.Food chain in which microorganisms breakdown the

food formed by primary producers is
1) parasitic food chain

2) detritus food chain
3) consumer food chain
4) predator food chain
41.The dominant second trophic level, in a lake ecosystem,
is
1) phytoplankton
2) zooplankton
3) benthos
4) plankton
42.Food chain in which microorganisms breakdown the

food formed by primary producers is
1) parasitic food chain

2) detritus food chain
3) consumer food chain
4) predator food chain
43. Pick up the correct food chain
1) Grass → Chameleon → Insect → Bird

2) Grass → Fox → Rabbit → Bird
3) Phytoplankton → Zooplankton → Fish
4) Fallen leaves → Bacteria → Insect larvae
44.Upper part of sea/aquatic ecosystem contains
1) plankton
2) nekton
3) plankton and nekton
4) benthos
43. Pick up the correct food chain
1) Grass → Chameleon → Insect → Bird

2) Grass → Fox → Rabbit → Bird
3) Phytoplankton → Zooplankton → Fish
4) Fallen leaves → Bacteria → Insect larvae
44.Upper part of sea/aquatic ecosystem contains
1) plankton
2) nekton
3) plankton and nekton
4) benthos
45.What is true of ecosystem?
1) Primary consumers are least dependent upon producers.
2) Primary consumers outnumber producers.
3) Producers are more than primary consumers.
4) Secondary consumers are the largest and most powerful
46.In an ecosystem, which one shows one-way passage?
1) Free energy
2) Carbon
3) Nitrogen
4) Potassium
45.What is true of ecosystem?
1) Primary consumers are least dependent upon producers.
2) Primary consumers outnumber producers.
3) Producers are more than primary consumers.
4) Secondary consumers are the largest and most powerful
46.In an ecosystem, which one shows one-way passage?
1) Free energy
2) Carbon
3) Nitrogen
4) Potassium
47. Which of the following ecological pyramids is generally
inverted?
1) Pyramid of biomass in a sea

2) Pyramid of numbers in grassland
3) Pyramid of energy
4) Pyramid of biomass in a forest
48. Which ecosystem has the maximum biomass?

1) Grassland ecosystem
2) Pond ecosystem
3) Lake ecosystem
4) Forest ecosystem
47. Which of the following ecological pyramids is generally
inverted?
1) Pyramid of biomass in a sea

2) Pyramid of numbers in grassland
3) Pyramid of energy
4) Pyramid of biomass in a forest
48. Which ecosystem has the maximum biomass?

2) Pond ecosystem
3) Lake ecosystem
4) Forest ecosystem
49.The upright pyramid of number is absent in
1) pond
2) forest
3) lake
4) grassland
50. Which one of the following statements for the pyramid

of energy is incorrect ?
1) Its base is broad.

2) It shows energy content of different trophic level organisms.
3) It is inverted in shape.
4) It is upright in shape.
49.The upright pyramid of number is absent in
1) pond
2) forest
3) lake
4) grassland
50. Which one of the following statements for the pyramid

of energy is incorrect ?
1) Its base is broad.

2) It shows energy content of different trophic level organisms.
3) It is inverted in shape.
4) It is upright in shape.
51.Which one of the following is not used for construction
of ecological pyramids?
1) Fresh weight
2) Dry weight
3) Number of individuals
4) Rate of energy flow
52. Pyramid of numbers deals with number of
1) species in an area
2) individuals in a community
3) individuals in a trophic level
4) subspecies in a community
51.Which one of the following is not used for construction
of ecological pyramids?
1) Fresh weight
2) Dry weight
3) Number of individuals
4) Rate of energy flow
52. Pyramid of numbers deals with number of
1) species in an area
2) individuals in a community
3) individuals in a trophic level
4) subspecies in a community
53.Pyramid of numbers in a pond ecosystem is
1) irregular
2) inverted
3) upright
4) spindle shaped
54.Which of the following would appear as the pioneer

organisms on bare rocks?
1) Mosses
2) Green algae
3) Lichens
4) Liverworts
53.Pyramid of numbers in a pond ecosystem is
1) irregular
2) inverted
3) upright
4) spindle shaped
54.Which of the following would appear as the pioneer

organisms on bare rocks?
1) Mosses
2) Green algae
3) Lichens
4) Liverworts
55. During ecological succession
1) the numbers and types of animals remain constant

2) the changes lead to a community that is in near equilibrium with the
environment and is called pioneer community
3) the gradual and predictable change in species composition occurs in a
given area
4) the establishment of a new biotic community is very fast in its primary
phase
56. Secondary succession takes place on/in
1) newly created pond

2) newly cooled lava
3) bare rock
4) degraded forest
55. During ecological succession
1) the numbers and types of animals remain constant

2) the changes lead to a community that is in near equilibrium with the
environment and is called pioneer community
3) the gradual and predictable change in species composition occurs
in a given area
4) the establishment of a new biotic community is very fast in its primary
phase
56. Secondary succession takes place on/in
1) newly created pond

2) newly cooled lava
3) bare rock
4) degraded forest
57.The second stage of hydrosere is occupied by plants
like
1) Azolla
2) Typha
3) Salix
4) Vallisneria
58.Which one of the following statements is correct for

secondary succession?
1) It begins on a bare rock.

2) It occurs on a deforested site.
3) It follows primary succession.
4) It is similar to primary succession except that it has a relatively fast pace
57.The second stage of hydrosere is occupied by plants
like
1) Azolla
2) Typha
3) Salix
4) Vallisneria
58.Which one of the following statements is correct for

secondary succession?
1) It begins on a bare rock.

2) It occurs on a deforested site.
3) It follows primary succession.
4) It is similar to primary succession except that it has a relatively fast pace
59.Both hydrarch and xerarch succession lead to
1) medium water conditions

2) xeric conditions
3) highly dry conditions
4) excessive wet conditions
60.The correct sequence of plants in a hydrosere is

1) Volvox → Hydrilla → Pistia → Scirpus → Lantana → Oak
2) Pistia → Volvox → Scirpus → Hydrilla → Oak → Lantana
3) Oak → Lantana → Volvox → Hydrilla → Pistia → Scirpus
4) Oak → Lantana → Scirpus → Pistia → Hydrilla → Volvox
59.Both hydrarch and xerarch succession lead to
1) medium water conditions

2) xeric conditions
3) highly dry conditions
4) excessive wet conditions
60.The correct sequence of plants in a hydrosere is

1) Volvox → Hydrilla → Pistia → Scirpus → Lantana → Oak
2) Pistia → Volvox → Scirpus → Hydrilla → Oak → Lantana
3) Oak → Lantana → Volvox → Hydrilla → Pistia → Scirpus
4) Oak → Lantana → Scirpus → Pistia → Hydrilla → Volvox
61. An ecosystem is a complete interaction of :
1) Individual
2) Population
3) Community and their soil condition
4) Community and their physical environment
62.What is correct for transducers :
(a) They converts solar energy into chemical energy

(b) They have first trophic level
(c) They are osmotrophs
(d) Those show nutrient immobilization
1) b, c
2) a, b
3) c, d
4) a, d
61. An ecosystem is a complete interaction of :
1) Individual
2) Population
3) Community and their soil condition
4) Community and their physical environment
62.What is correct for transducers :
(a) They converts solar energy into chemical energy

(b) They have first trophic level
(c) They are osmotrophs
(d) Those show nutrient immobilization
1) b, c
2) a, b
3) c, d
4) a, d
63.An ecosystem which can be easily damaged but can
recover after some time if damaging effect stops will be
having
1) low stability and high resilience

2) high stability and low resilience
3) low stability and low resilience
4) high stability and high resilience
64.The primary succession refers to the development of

communities on a
1) forest clearing after devastating fire
2) newly-exposed habitat with no record of earlier vegetation
3) freshly cleared crop field
4) pond, freshly filled with water after a dry phase
63.An ecosystem which can be easily damaged but can
recover after some time if damaging effect stops will be
having
1) low stability and high resilience

2) high stability and low resilience
3) low stability and low resilience
4) high stability and high resilience
64.The primary succession refers to the development of

communities on a
1) forest clearing after devastating fire
2) newly-exposed habitat with no record of earlier vegetation
3) freshly cleared crop field
4) pond, freshly filled with water after a dry phase
65.Natural reservoir of phosphorus is
1) rock
2) fossils
3) sea water
4) animal bones
66.Which one of the following is not a gaseous

biogeochemical cycle in ecosystem?
1) Sulphur cycle
2) Phosphorus cycle
3) Nitrogen cycle
4) Carbon cycle
65.Natural reservoir of phosphorus is
1) rock
2) fossils
3) sea water
4) animal bones
66.Which one of the following is not a gaseous

biogeochemical cycle in ecosystem?
1) Sulphur cycle
2) Phosphorus cycle
3) Nitrogen cycle
4) Carbon cycle
67.About 70% of total global carbon is found in
1) oceans
2) forests
3) grasslands
4) agroecosystems
68.Which of the following pairs is a sedimentary type of

biogeochemical cycle?
1) Phosphorus and nitrogen

2) Phosphorus and sulphur
3) Oxygen and nitrogen
4) Phosphorus and carbon dioxide
67.About 70% of total global carbon is found in
1) oceans
2) forests
3) grasslands
4) agroecosystems
68.Which of the following pairs is a sedimentary type of

biogeochemical cycle?
1) Phosphorus and nitrogen

2) Phosphorus and sulphur
3) Oxygen and nitrogen
4) Phosphorus and carbon dioxide
69. Ecosystem resists change because its stage is :
1) Imbalance
2) Homeostasis
3) Deficient component
4) Affected by light
70.On Earth in per unit area maximum productivity occur

in :
2) Ocean
4) Marsh
69. Ecosystem resists change because its stage is :
1) Imbalance
2) Homeostasis
3) Deficient component
4) Affected by light
70.On Earth in per unit area maximum productivity occur

in :
2) Ocean
4) Marsh
71. In which of the following ecosystem pyramids are
always upright ?
1) Tree ecosystem
2) Lake ecosystem
4) All of above
72.On the basis of ecology which is not essential for self

sustaining ecosystem :
1) Producer
2) Macro-consumers
3) Micro-consumers
4) All of above
71. In which of the following ecosystem pyramids are
always upright ?
1) Tree ecosystem
2) Lake ecosystem
4) All of above
72.On the basis of ecology which is not essential for self

sustaining ecosystem :
1) Producer
2) Macro-consumers
3) Micro-consumers
4) All of above
73.Which of the following is not recycled in an ecosystem :
1) Water
2) Carbon
3) Energy
4) Nitrogen
74.A majority of organisms which are restricted to a narrow

range of temperature are called as :
1) Stenothermal
2) Endothermal
3) Homeothermal
4) Eurythermal
73.Which of the following is not recycled in an ecosystem :
1) Water
2) Carbon
3) Energy
4) Nitrogen
74.A majority of organisms which are restricted to a narrow

range of temperature are called as :
1) Stenothermal
2) Endothermal
3) Homeothermal
4) Eurythermal
75. Percolation and water holding capacity of soil is
dependent upon :
1) Soil composition
2) Grain size
3) Aggregation
4) All of these
76.Which of the following is not the stage of suspension ?
1) Migration
2) Hibernation
3) Aestivation
4) Diapause
75. Percolation and water holding capacity of soil is
dependent upon :
1) Soil composition
2) Grain size
3) Aggregation
4) All of these
76.Which of the following is not the stage of suspension ?
1) Migration
2) Hibernation
3) Aestivation
4) Diapause
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Organisms Andpopulation

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Organisms and populations

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4. Presence of plants arranged into well defined vertical

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6. An association of individuals of different species living

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8. Just as a person moving from Delhi to Shimla to escape

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10. Benthic organisms are affected the most by

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12. Large woody vines are more commonly found in

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(i) (ii) (iii)

(i) (ii) (iii)

16. Quercus species are the dominant component in

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19. People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC

19. People living at sea level have around 5 million RBC

21. Praying mantis is a good example of

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25. Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?

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27. In which one of the following habitats does the diurnal

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