Questions for Thinking and Discussing, 266

Chapter 8. Sedimentation, Clarification, Flotation, and

Coalescence, 268 Introduction, 268
Let’s Look at How a Single Particle Behaves in a
Suspension, 269 Gravity Sedimentation, 275
The SedimentationProcess in Greater Detail, 282
A Closer Look at Mechanical Clarification Process and the Chemistry
of Clarification, 305
Rectangular Sedimentation Tanks, 315
Air Flotation Systems, 317
Separation Using Coalescers, 323
Nomenclature, 326
Recommended Resources for the Reader, 328
Questions for Thinking and Discussing, 331

Chapter 9. Membrane Separation Technologies, 335

Introduction, 335
An Overview of Membrane Processes, 336
What Electrodialysis Is, 339
What Ultrafiltration Is, 344
What Microfiltration and Nanofiltration Are, 354
What Reverse Osmosis Is, 360
Recommended Resources for the Reader, 367
Questions for Thinking and Discussing, 370

Chapter 10. Ion Exchange and Carbon Adsorption, 372

Introduction, 372
Theory and Practice of Ion Exchange, 374
Carbon Adsorption in Water Treatment, 404
Some Final Comments on Both Technologies, 432
Recommended Resources for the Reader, 440
Questions for Thinking and Discussing, 444

Chapter 11. Water Sterilization Technologies, 446

Introduction, 446
What Waterborne Diseases Are, 446
Treatment Options Available to Us, 450
Ozonation, 454
Ultraviolet Radiation, 455
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