10/18/2022

IT3103 Information Security

Network Basics - Review

Ms. Catherine Bwire

(CISA, CISM, ITIL,CCNA, OCA,ISO 27001 Lead Implementer)
Department of Computing & Technology
Faculty of Engineering, Design & September 2022
This Technology
information is RESTRICTIVE and MEANT for Housing Finance Bank internal use only

Network Basics| Review

What is a computer Network?
• A computer network is a group of devices connected with
others through any type of medium(wired or wireless)
• The purpose of the network connection is to share common
resources or to exchange information
• The first computer network was the ARPAnet, it started
operating on October 1969 between two /us research
institutes marking the birth of the internet
• ARPAnet transformed to TCP/IP in 1983

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Network Basics| Review

Purpose of a network
• Sharing resources which results into reduced costs (USB
printer vs Network printers)
• File sharing
• IPTV and online streaming services
• Access company services such as email, HR Management
system
• Online games
• E-learning

This information is RESTRICTIVE and MEANT for Housing Finance Bank internal use only

Network Basics| Review

Network Elements

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Network Basics| Review

Network Types
• Local Area Network – LAN
• Campus Area Network – CAN or Metropolitan Area Network –
MAN
• Wide Area Network – WAN
• Personal Area Network - PAN

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Network Basics| Review

LAN(Home, Branch, Building)

Switch or Hub

Access Point

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Network Basics| Review

WAN (Branch-to-Branch or Site-to-Site)
Controlled speed

Far locations, no ability to connect without

ISP in between
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Network Basics| Review

The Internet!!

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Network Basics| Review

The OSI model
• The Open Systems Interconnection model describes seven
layers that computer systems use to communicate over a
network.
• Became the OSI standard(#7498) in 1980, adopted by all major
computer and telecommunication companies to standardize
communication
• Understanding it helps isolate and troubleshoot networking
problems
• However, the modern Internet is not based on SOI, but on
TCP/IP This information is RESTRICTIVE and MEANT for Housing Finance Bank internal use only

Network Basics| Review

What makes OSI model
7. Application Present data in a form that can be understood by humans

6. Presentation Encode data, decrypt or encrypt it, convert data to binary format

5. Session Track connection, keep ports open if “browser tab” or application is still running

4. Transport Consolidate or divide data to pieces to allow it travel through network or help in reliable delivery

3. Network Decide which path data will take to reach it’s destination

2. Data Link Decide which format data would e when it traverses physical medium (TP=Electronic, FC=Light,Wifi=SS)

1. Physical Mediums such as Cables and WIFI signal. Data represented in electric signals or light pulses or speed
spectrum
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Network Basics| Review

How OSI can be used in troubleshooting:

A B

1. Ping B
2. Reply = Layers 1,2,3 Okay : Check 4,5,6,7 Firewall, Service
3. No Reply = Check layer 1,2,3 first
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Network Basics| Review

Twisted Pair examples

CAT-5 CAT-5e CAT-6a

CAT-5e CAT-6 CAT-7
CAT-6a CAT-7a

S/F/TP
U/TP F/U/TP U/F/TP

Higher durability, Higher resistance to interface

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Network Basics| Review

• A Twisted pair is more sensitive to the effects of EMI and cross

talk.
• You need to ensure cables are protected, secured under raised
floor or above false ceiling to ensure nobody would have access
to it.
• Isolate power cables from network cables, to avoid EMI

(electromagnetic interference)

Cross Talk This information is RESTRICTIVE and MEANT for Housing Finance Bank internal use only

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Network Basics| Review

Fiber Cables
• Fiber-optics cables use glass as the medium, light
pulses varies to represent 0s and 1s.
• The internal structure of cable fiber consists of
several protection layers to protect the cladding and
glass core
• Single outdoor fiber cable can consist of many cores
(16 or 320r 480r 64, and more)
• Each two cores form a fiber pari (RX and TX)
• Internet cables at the seabed are fiber.
• Two types, single mode and multimode
• The most secure cable type, no EMI
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Network Basics| Review

Network devices

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Q&A

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