‫ا‬ ‫ا‬

‫ا وال‬ ‫درا‬ ‫أھ‬

‫َ‬ ‫ّ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫َ‬ ‫ٔ‬
‫ِ ِدرا ِ ا و ِال‬ ‫ا‬
‫ت و ا وع ا‬ ‫أ‪ .‬ا !‬
‫‪x =a‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫دي‬ ‫رب‬ ‫∞‪C f ⇔ lim f ( x ) = ±‬‬
‫‪x →a‬‬

‫ار ∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪ ! y = b‬ار ∞‪ +‬أو !‬ ‫د‬ ‫رب أ‬ ‫‪C f ⇔ lim f ( x ) = b‬‬

‫∞‪x →±‬‬

‫ار ∞‪−‬‬ ‫‪ ! y = ax + b‬ار ∞‪ +‬أو !‬ ‫‪#‬‬ ‫رب ‪$‬‬ ‫‪C f ⇔ lim ( f ( x ) − ( ax + b ) ) = 0‬‬
‫∞‪x →±‬‬

‫ل رع‬
‫ل رع‬
‫ه‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا ه‬ ‫ور ا را ب‬
‫ل‬ ‫ور ا‬

‫ل رع‬ ‫رب‬ ‫ل‬

‫د‬ ‫م ذي ا‬ ‫ه ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫د‬ ‫ل‬

‫ب‪ )! ! %(* .‬و (' ا& ‪ $%‬ف‬

‫*‪#‬ب‬ ‫) ‪(C‬‬ ‫‪f‬‬ ‫إذا & ن ‪) ∀x ∈ I f " ( x ) ≥ 0‬ن‬

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+ (C )f ‫∀ )ن‬x ∈ I f " ( x ) ≤ 0 ‫إذا & ن‬

‫ ف‬3 ‫ ا‬3 ‫ ھ‬I (a, f (a ) ) 3 - ‫ )ن ا‬a #- ./‫ ر‬0‫ إ‬+ 1/ ‫م و‬# -/ f " , & ‫إذا‬
‫ ف‬3 ‫ ا‬3 ‫ ھ‬I (a, f ( a ) ) 3 - ‫ )ن ا‬a #- ./‫ ر‬0‫ إ‬+ 1/ 6 ‫م و‬# -/ f ' , & ‫إذا‬

(C f ) ,- .* ‫ر‬/ ‫ و‬01 .‫ج‬

∀x ∈ D f : 2a − x ∈ D f
 ⇔ (C f ) ‫ ل‬: /‫* ر‬ x =a ‫د‬ ‫ ذي ا‬7 8 ‫ا‬
∀x ∈ D f : f ( 2a − x ) = f ( x )

∀x ∈ D f : 2a − x ∈ D f
 ⇔ (C f ) ‫ ل‬: / ;&+ Ω ( a ,b ) 3 - ‫ا‬
∀x ∈ D f : f ( 2a − x ) = 2b − f ( x )

‫ د‬2 ‫ ل دا‬3*‫ ا‬.‫د‬

lim f ( x ) = f ( a ) ⇔ a < f
x →a

lim f ( x ) = f ( a ) ⇔ = ‫>ا‬ a < f

x →a
x >a

lim f ( x ) = f ( a ) ⇔ ‫ ر‬8 ‫> ا‬ a < f

x →a
x <a

lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x ) = f ( a ) ⇔ a < f

x →a x →a
x >a x <a

$ / ‫ ھ! ا ( ا‬5 .‫ه‬
( [a ,b ] > *‫)و د ا‬ 3 @ ‫ ا‬7 ‫ ا‬-‫ھ‬+
]a,b [ ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ BC‫ > ا‬DE / f ( x ) = 0 ‫ )ن ا د‬f (a ) × f (b ) < 0 ‫[ و‬a,b ] > < f , & ‫إذا‬
( [a,b ] > * ‫ا ا‬#E‫ا ) و د وو‬#E ! 3 @ ‫ ا‬7 ‫ ا‬-‫ھ‬+
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬# E‫ و‬DE / f (x ) = 0 ‫د‬ ‫ )ن ا‬f ( a ) × f (b ) < 0 ‫[ و‬a,b ] > 3B /‫< و ر‬ f , & ‫إذا‬

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]a,b [
(I ‫ل‬ > *‫ا‬ ‫ا‬#E‫ ) و د وو‬-‫ھ‬+
I ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬# E‫ و‬DE / f (x ) = 0 ‫د‬ ‫ )ن ا‬0 ∈ f ( I ) ‫ و‬I > 3B /‫ < و ر‬f , & ‫إذا‬

6 ‫ دا‬71 ‫ ل‬3*‫ ا‬.‫و‬

: GH
.I > < g o f ‫ )ن‬f ( I ) ⊂ J I *! J ‫ل‬ > < g ‫ و‬I‫ل‬ > < ‫ دا‬f , & ‫إذا‬

9:% ‫ ا ا ا‬.‫ز‬
> 3B /‫ دا < ور‬f , & ‫ إذا‬: G H
/ y ∈ f ( I ) I E f ( x ) = y ‫ )ن ا د‬I ‫ل‬
I ‫ل‬ ‫ا ا‬# E‫ و‬DE
‫ا‬# ‫ > ا‬8/ * ! y ‫د‬# & K!+/ ‫ا ا‬# ‫ا‬
f −1 : ‫ ب‬. ; + ‫ و‬f ‫ا‬# 8L ‫ا‬
 y = f −1 ( x ) f ( y ) = x
(1)  ⇔  :M$
 x ∈J  y ∈I
f −1 o f ( x ) = x ; x ∈ I
( 2 ) 
f o f ( x ) = x ; x ∈ J
−1

> 8L ‫ ا‬. ‫ دا‬f −1 ‫ دا و‬f =L :‫ ت‬G H

: -# J ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
−1
J ‫ل‬
‫>ا‬ < f
! /+ ‫ ا‬OP . f −1 ‫ و‬f
8- ! f >-*- : ‫ ھ‬f −1 >-*-
‫ول‬C‫ ا‬Q<- ‫ ) ا‬y = x ‫ ذي ا د‬7 8
(7

‫ ا>= ( ق‬.‫ح‬

3-‫ا‬ @ (C f ) f ( x ) − f (a ) a ‫ ق‬0D !B f
lim = l ∈ℝ
‫ا‬ A ( a, f (a ) ) x →a x −a
↔ l = f '(a ) ↔
: ‫ و د‬l = f '(a )
y = f ' ( a ) .( x − a ) + f ( a )
3-‫ا‬ @ (C f ) f ( x ) − f (a ) > a ‫ ق‬0D !B f
lim = l ∈ℝ
‫ا‬ A ( a, f (a ) ) ↔ x →a
x >a
x −a = ‫ا‬
l = f d '(a ) ↔
: ‫ و د‬l = f d '(a )
y = f d ' ( a ) .( x − a ) + f ( a )

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3-‫ا‬ @ (C f ) f ( x ) − f (a ) > a ‫ ق‬0D !B f

lim = l ∈ℝ
‫ا‬ A ( a, f (a ) ) x →a
x <a
x −a ‫ر‬8 ‫ا‬
: ‫ و د‬l = f g ' (a ) l = f g ' (a )
↔ ↔
y = f g ' (a ).( x − a ) + f ( a )
3-‫ا‬ @ (C f ) a ‫ ق‬0D ! B f a ‫ ق‬0D !B f
‫ا‬ A ( a, f (a ) ) = ‫>ا‬
a ‫ ق‬0D ! B f
: ‫ و د‬l = f '(a )
↔ ‫ر‬8 ‫>ا‬ ↔
y = f ' ( a ) .( x − a ) + f ( a ) f d ' (a ) = f g '( a ) = f '( a )

+ S f ‫ )ن‬f d ' (a ) ≠ f g ' (a ) ‫ ر و‬8 ‫ > ا‬a ‫ ق‬0D ! B f ‫ > ا = و‬a ‫ ق‬0D ! B f , &‫إذا‬
‫ن‬. ‫ھ ا‬D A (a, f (a ) ) 3 - ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬P V ‫س‬ P< (C f ) * ‫ه ا‬U‫ ھ‬. a ‫ ق‬0D ! B
‫ ;واة‬3 > 8/ A (a, f ( a ) ) 3 - ‫ و ا‬f g ' (a ) ‫ و‬f d ' (a )
A ( a, f ( a ) ) ‫سأ‬ (C f ) ‫ )ن‬f ' ( a ) = 0 , & ‫إذا‬

f ( x ) − f (a )
= ‫>ا‬ a ‫ ق‬0D ! B + S f ⇐ lim = +∞
x →a
x >a
x − a
A ( a, f (a ) ) 3 -‫ا‬ > C‫* ا‬ ‫دي‬ ‫س‬ Q< (C f )
f ( x ) − f (a )
‫ر‬8 ‫>ا‬ a ‫ ق‬0D ! B + S f ⇐ lim = +∞
x →a
x <a
x −a

A (a, f ( a ) ) 3-‫ا‬ P@C‫* ا‬ ‫دي‬ ‫س‬ Q< (C f )

f ( x ) − f (a )
= ‫>ا‬ a ‫ ق‬0D ! B + S f ⇐ lim = −∞
x →a
x >a
x −a

A ( a, f ( a ) ) 3-‫ا‬ P@C‫* ا‬ ‫دي‬ ‫س‬ Q< (C f )

f ( x ) − f (a )
‫ر‬8 ‫>ا‬ a ‫ ق‬0D !B+S f ⇐ lim = −∞
x →a
x <a
x −a

A ( a, f ( a ) ) 3 -‫ا‬ > C‫* ا‬ ‫دي‬ ‫س‬ Q< (C f )

I ‫@ ل‬. ‫ا‬ f ' ( ?. ‫ا ا ا‬ f ‫ا ا‬

ℝ x a0 x ak
ℝ x a nx n −1 x ֏ x n n ∈ℕ *

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I = ]−∞,0[ ‫ أو‬I = ]0, +∞[ x a nx n −1 x ֏xn n ∈ℤ * {−1}

I = ]0, +∞[ x a rx r −1 x ֏xr r ∈ℚ * {−1}
I = ]0, +∞[ x a
1 x a x
2 x
I = ]−∞,0[ ‫ أو‬I = ]0, +∞[ x a 2
−1 1
x a
x x
ℝ x a cos x x a sin x
ℝ x a − sin x x a cos x
π  x a 1 + tan 2 x =
1 x a tan x
ℝ  + k π / k ∈ℤ 
2  cos 2 x

( ?. ‫ا ا ا‬ ‫ا ا‬
α .f ' α .f
f '+ g ' f +g
f '× g + f × g ' f ×g
g' 1
− 2
g g
f ' g − fg ' f
g2 g
f ' × g 'o f g of
f ' f
2 f
n −1 n
nf ' f f

n ∈ ℕ ∗ =L
( ∀x > 0) ( x )' = n
n
n
1
x n −1
‫ و‬I > ‫ ق‬0D ! B n f ‫ )ن‬I ‫ل‬ > ‫ ق‬0D ! B ‫ و‬3B ‫ دا‬f , & ‫إذا‬
: -#
f '( x )
( ∀x ∈ I ) ( n
)
f (x ) ' =
n n (f ( x ))
n −1

f −1
( x 0 ) = y 0 : I *! ‫دان‬# y 0 ‫ و‬x 0 =L ‫ و‬f −1
8L ‫دا‬ /I ‫ل‬ > + ‫ دا‬f =L
( f ) '( x ) = f '(1y )
−1
0 - # ‫ و‬x0 ‫ ق‬0D !B f −1
‫ )ن‬f ' ( y 0 ) ≠ 0 , & ‫إذا‬
0

: - # ‫ و‬f ( I ) > ‫ ق‬0D

−1
!B f ‫ )ن‬I > ‫م‬# -/ 6 f ' , & ‫إذا‬
( ∀x ∈ f ( I ) ) ( f ) '( x ) = f
−1 1
'o f −1
(x )

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‫ ! دا‬/‫ر‬
I >
# ‫;ا‬/ f ‫)ن‬ ∀x ∈ I f ' ( x ) ≥ 0 , & ‫إذا‬
I > <B -/ f ‫∀ )ن‬x ∈ I f ' ( x ) ≤ 0 , & ‫إذا‬
I > 3B # ‫;ا‬/ f ‫∀ )ن‬x ∈ I f ' ( x ) > 0 , & ‫إذا‬
I > 3B <B -/ f ‫∀ )ن‬x ∈ I f ' ( x ) < 0 , & ‫إذا‬
GH
I > 3B # ‫;ا‬/ f ‫ )ن‬I > K - ‫= ا‬ - ‫د‬# ‫م‬# -/ f ' , & ‫∀ و‬x ∈ I f ' ( x ) ≥ 0 , & ‫إذا‬
I > 3B <B -/ f ‫ )ن‬I > K - ‫= ا‬ - ‫د‬# ‫م‬# -/ f ' , & ‫∀ و‬x ∈ I f ' ( x ) ≤ 0 , & ‫إذا‬

‫ ي‬5! ‫ا‬ ‫ ر‬C/D ‫ دا ا‬.‫ط‬

lim ln x = +∞ : Q + / .1
x →+∞
1
ln x
lim = 0+ x a ‫ا‬# GC‫ا ا‬# ‫ي ھ ا‬+ - ‫ ا‬7 ‫ ر‬S ‫دا ا‬
x →+∞ x x
ln x :; + ! . ; + ‫و‬1 ‫م‬# -/ ‫] و ا‬0, +∞[ ‫ل‬ ‫>ا‬
lim n = 0 +
x →+∞ x ln
lim ln x = −∞ :‫ ت‬GH‫تو‬ - @‫ ا‬.2
( ln ( > 0 ))
x →0
x >0
D ln = ]0, +∞[
lim x ln x = 0−
x →0
# ‫;ا‬/ ln ‫ا‬# ‫∀ ( إذن ا‬x ∈ ]0, +∞[ ) ln' ( x ) =
x >0 1
lim x n ln x = 0− x
x →0
x >0 ]0, +∞[ > 3B
ln x ∀x > 0; ∀y > 0 ln x = ln y ⇔ x = y
lim =1
x →1x −1 ∀x > 0; ∀y > 0 ln x > ln y ⇔ x > y
ln (1 + h )
lim =1 ∀x > 0; ∀y > 0 ln x ≤ ln y ⇔ x ≤ y
h →0 h
ln (1) = 0
: GH e :‫ب‬ ; + ℝ ℚ = # E‫و‬ E ‫د‬# #
: I *! I ‫ل‬ > ‫ ق‬0D ! B ‫ دا‬U , & ‫إذا‬ ln (e ) = 1 : Y * ‫ و‬e ≃ 2,718 I *!
∀x ∈ I U (x ) ≠ 0 ∀x > 0 ∀a ∈ ℝ ln x = a ⇔ x = e a
‫ و‬I > ‫ ق‬0D ! B x a ln U ( x ) ‫ا‬# ‫)ن ا‬ : ln x ‫ رة‬0‫إ‬
ln x < 0 ‫ )ن‬0 < x < 1 : ‫• إذا & ن‬
( ln U ( x ) ) ' = U ((x ))
U' x
∀x ∈ I : -# ln x ≥ 0 ‫ )ن‬x ≥ 1 : ‫• إذا & ن‬
ln ‫ا‬# ‫> ا‬
‫ت‬ ‫ ا‬.3
: 3B U , & ‫ إذا‬: ZED
U '( x ) : - # r ∈ℚ ‫] و‬0, +∞[ = y ‫ و‬x =L
( )
ln (U ( x ) ) ' =
U (x ) ln ( x . y ) = ln ( x ) + ln ( y )
U '( x ) 1
ln   = − ln ( x )
x a ‫ا‬# GC‫وال ا‬# ‫ا‬ :
U (x ) x 

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x ֏ ln U ( x ) + λ ( λ ∈ ℝ ) : ‫وال‬# ‫ھ ا‬ x 
ln   = ln ( x ) − ln ( y )
y 
ln ( x r ) = r ln ( x )

H‫ ا ا ا‬.‫ي‬
lim e = +∞ x
:Q + / .‫أ‬
x →+∞
; + ‫ و‬+ - ‫@ ا‬C‫ا ا‬# ‫ > ا‬8/ ln ‫ا‬# 8L ‫ا ا‬# ‫ا‬
ex
lim = +∞ exp : ‫ ب‬.
x →+∞ x
∀x ∈ ℝ exp ( x ) = e x : ZED
ex
lim n = +∞
x →+∞ x : M$ .
lim e x = 0+  e = y
x
x = ln ( y )
x →−∞  ⇔ 
lim xe x = 0− ( x ∈ ℝ )  ( y > 0 )
exp : ℝ ֏ ]0, +∞[
x →−∞
+
0 ‫زو‬n x ֏ exp( x )
lim x ne x =  −
x →−∞
0 ‫دي‬+aaaaa n
∀x ∈ ℝ : e x > 0 ‫و‬ D exp = ℝ
e x −1
lim =1 : - # ℝ = y ‫ و‬x =L
x →0 x
: - # ‫ و‬ℝ > ‫ ق‬0D ! B exp ‫ا‬# ‫( ا‬1 ex =ey ⇔ x = y
( ∀x ∈ ℝ ) (e ) ' = e
x x ex <ey ⇔ x < y

‫ )ن‬I ‫ ق > ل‬0D ! B ‫ دا‬U , & ‫( إذا‬2 ex ≥ey ⇔ x ≥ y

: - # ‫ و‬I > ‫ ق‬0D ! B x a e U ( x ) ‫ا‬# ‫ا‬ ∀x ∈ ℝ : ln (e x ) = x
∀x > 0 : e ln x = x
( ∀x ∈ I ) (e ) ' = U ' ( x ) e
U (x ) U (x )
e =e ‫ و‬e =1
1 0

:‫ت‬ ‫ ا‬.‫ج‬
( ∀x ∈ I ) (e ) ' = re
rx rx
(3
: - # ℝ = y ‫ و‬x =L
(4 e x × e y = e x + y (1
GC‫ا‬ ‫ا‬# ‫ا‬ ex
= e x − y (2
ey
ex ex 1
1 rx e rx x
= e − x (3
e e
(e )
r
( r ∈ℚ )
r
x
= e rx (4
eU (x ) U ' ( x )e
U (x )

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DJH‫ ا وال ا‬.‫ك‬

+ I > f ‫ل‬ GC‫وال ا‬# ‫ا‬ : ! I ‫ل‬ ‫>ا‬ + ‫ دا‬f
I ‫ل‬ ‫ا‬ F ( x ) = ...... : ! f ( x ) = .......
ℝ kx + c (,! : E ‫د‬# k ) k
x n+1
+c
ℝ n +1 (n ∈ℕ ) ∗
xn
]−∞,0[ ‫] أو‬0, +∞[ x n+1
+c ( n ≠ −1; n ∈ ℤ ) ∗
xn
n +1
]0, +∞[ x r +1
+c
( r ∈ℚ − {−1}) xr
r +1
ℝ sin ( x ) cos ( x )
ℝ − cos ( x ) sin ( x )
 −π π  tan ( x ) 1 + tan 2 ( x ) =
1
 2 + k π , 2 + k π  , ( k ∈ ℤ ) cos 2 ( x )
1
sin ( ax + b ) + c ( a ≠ 0 ) ,cos ( ax + b )
ℝ a
−1
cos ( ax + b ) + c ( a ≠ 0 ) ,sin ( ax + b )
ℝ a
]0, +∞[ 2 x +c 1
x
]−∞,0[ ‫] أو‬0, +∞[ −1
+c
1
x x2
]0, +∞[ ln ( x ) + c 1
x
ℝ ex + c ex

u > ‫وط‬+0 I > f ‫ ل‬GC‫وال ا‬# ‫ا‬ f ‫ا‬# ‫ا‬

1 n +1
u +c (n ∈ℕ ) ∗
u '.u n
n +1
u ( x) ≠ 0 , I = x L 1 n +1
u +c ( n ≠ −1; n ∈ ℤ ) ∗
u '.u n
n +1
u ( x) > 0 , I = x L 2 u +c u'
u
u ( x) > 0 , I = x L 1 r +1
u +c ( r ∈ℚ − {−1}) u '.u r
r +1
u ( x) ≠ 0 , I = x L ln ( u ) + c u'
u
I = x L eu + c u ' eu

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, : ‫ ب ا‬9K .‫ل‬
: ‫ ر ف‬.1
. [a , b ] % & ' ‫ دا أ‬F ‫[ و‬a,b ] ‫ل‬ %& ‫ دا‬f ‫ن‬$

∫ f ( x )dx = F (b ) − F (a )
b

a
: ‫ ھو ا دد ا‬b % ‫ إ‬a ‫ ن‬f ‫ ل‬$
: ‫ ظ ت‬. .2
∫a f ( x )dx = F ( x )a ‫ ب‬$/
b b

∫ f ( x )dx = ∫ f (t )dt =∫ f (u )du = .........

b b b

a a a
: .1 ‫ر‬2‫ ر آ‬0 ‫ي‬4 x ‫ ر‬0 ‫ن‬$
:‫ت‬ 2 .3
∫ f ( x )dx = 0
a

∫ f ( x )dx = − ∫ f ( x )dx
b a

a b

∫ f ( x )dx = ∫ f ( x )dx + ∫ f ( x )dx

b c b

a a c

: ‫ ل‬$ ‫ ا‬/ ‫ط‬2 .4

: 2
: / ‫ د‬. [a ,b ] ‫ل‬ ‫ ا‬%& ‫ن‬ ‫ دا ن‬g ‫ و‬f ‫ن‬$

∫ ( f ( x ) + g ( x ) )dx = ∫ f ( x )dx + ∫ g ( x )dx

b b b

a a a

(α ∈ ℝ ) ∫ α f ( x )dx = α ∫ f ( x )dx
b b

a a

: 2 .1
: / ‫ د‬. [a ,b ] ‫ل‬ ‫ ا‬%& ‫ن‬ ‫ دا ن‬g ‫ و‬f ‫ن‬$

∫ f ( x )dx ≥ 0 ‫ن‬6 [a,b ] % & f ≥ 0 ‫ت‬/ $ ‫إذا‬

b

∫ f ( x )dx ≤ 0 ‫ن‬6 [a,b ] % & f ≤ 0 ‫ت‬/ $ ‫إذا‬

b

∫ f ( x )dx ≤ ∫ g ( x )dx ‫ن‬6 [a,b ] % & f ≤ g ‫ت‬/ $ ‫إذا‬

b b

a a

: ‫ا و ط‬ ‫ ا‬.2
: 2‫رفو‬
1 b
‫ا و ط ل‬ ‫ا‬% µ= f ( x ) dx ‫ ا دد‬. [a ,b ] ‫ل‬ %& ‫ دا‬f ‫ن‬$
b − a ∫a
[a ,b ] % & f
1 b
f (c ) = f ( x ) dx : ‫ث‬ [a ,b ] ‫ن‬ c ‫ل &دد‬7 ‫ ا‬% & ‫و د‬
b − a ∫a
:‫زاء‬ $ ‫لا‬ .‫ب‬
: 2
: / ‫ د‬I ‫ ر ن ن‬/& b ‫ و‬a ‫ و‬I % & ‫ن‬ v ' ‫ و‬u' ‫ث‬ I ‫ل‬ %& ‫ق‬ . ‫ن‬ 7 ‫ دا ن‬v ‫ و‬u ‫ن‬$
u ( x )v ' ( x ) dx = u ( x )v ( x )  a − ∫ u ' ( x )v ( x )dx
b b b
∫a a

9/11 Math.ma – 12/2017

 ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا وال‬ ‫درا‬ ‫أھ‬

: ‫ ت‬E 8 ‫ ب ا‬8E .I
( )
r r
O ,i , j # 7 > ‫ ! إ‬8- ‫ ى‬8 ‫= ا‬L
‫ و‬O 3 - ! ‫د‬#* ‫ا‬ 38 ‫ ا‬E8 ‫ ھ‬u r.A Er 8 ‫ة ا‬#E‫و‬
j ‫ و‬i = . ‫ا‬
r r
1.u .A = i × j

[a , b ] ‫ل‬
> < ‫ دا‬f =L :1 G H
: ‫ ھ‬x =b ‫ و‬x =a ‫د ھ‬ =U ‫=ا‬ 8 ‫ و ا‬G C‫( و * ر ا‬C f ) = ! ‫ ا * ; ا *< ر‬E 8

( ∫ f ( x ) dx ).u .A
b

[a ,b ] ‫ل‬
‫ دا ن < ن > ا‬g ‫ و‬f =L :2 G H
: ‫ھ‬x =b ‫ و‬x =a ‫د ھ‬ =U ‫=ا‬ 8 ‫ و ا‬G C‫( و * ر ا‬C g ) ‫( و‬C f ) = ! ‫ ا * ; ا *< ر‬E 8

( ∫ f ( x ) − g ( x ) dx ).u .A
b

: ‫ ھ‬7@+ ‫ا‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ ا*;ا‬E8 ‫ ت‬ZED * e / 7@‫ر‬

( ∫ f ( x )dx ).u .A
b

a
[a , b ] ‫ل‬ ‫>ا‬ f

( ∫ −f ( x )dx ).u .A
b

a
[a ,b ] ‫ل‬ ‫>ا‬ @f

‫ل‬ ‫>ا‬ f •
[a ,c ]
( ∫ f ( x )dx + ∫ −f ( x )dx ).u .A
c

a
b

c
‫ل‬ ‫>ا‬
‫و‬
@f •
[c ,b ]

10/11 Math.ma – 12/2017

 ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا وال‬ ‫درا‬ ‫أھ‬

> (C ) ‫ق‬
g # (C f )
‫ل‬ ‫ا‬
(∫a
b
)
( f ( x ) − g ( x ) ) dx .u .A [a ,b ]

(C ) ‫ق‬
g # (C f ) •
‫ل‬ ‫>ا‬
[a , c ]

∫ ( f ( x ) − g ( x ) )dx + ∫ ( g ( x ) − f ( x ) )dx ).u .A (C )

c b ‫و‬
a c g ,*/ # (C f ) •
[c ,b ] ‫ل‬ ‫>ا‬

: ‫ ب ا * م‬8E .I
:1 G H
(a < b ) z = b ‫ و‬z = a : ‫ = د ھ > ا ا‬U ‫ ( ا‬P2 ) ‫ ( و‬P1 ) = 8 ‫ *< را ! = ا‬8 ( ∑ ) =L
a ≤t ≤b I E z =t ‫ي د‬U ‫ ى ا‬8 ‫ ) ∑ ( ا‬78 ‫ ط ا‬/ E 8 S (t ) =L ‫و‬
‫ س‬B ‫ة‬#E ! V = ∫a S (t )dt ‫ ) ∑ ( ھ‬78 ‫ ا‬7 E V ‫[ )ن‬a,b ] ‫ل‬ < t a S (t ) : ‫ا‬# ‫ ا‬, & ‫إذا‬
b
‫>ا‬
7 *‫ا‬

:2 G H
: ‫[ ھ‬a , b ] ‫ل‬ & ‫ دورة‬G C‫ ل * ر ا‬E (C f ) ‫وران‬#! # ‫ ا‬78 ‫ ا‬7 E
V =  ∫ π ( f ( x ) ) dx  u .v
b 2
‫ة ا * م‬#E‫ و‬: u .v : I E
 a 

つづく

11/11 Math.ma – 12/2017