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Learning Objectives
- Capacitors Introduction
- Types of Capacitors
- Force between Plates of a Capacitor
- Combination of capacitors (series/Parallel)
- Energy stored in a capacitor
- Loss of Energy in capacitor connections
- Capacitors with Dielectrics
#1 Capacitors Introduction
#1 Capacitors Introduction
An electrical device consisting of two
conductors separated by an
insulating material and have ability to
store charge.
#1 Capacitors Introduction
When a conductor is given a charge Q, it
acquires a potential V which is
proportional to the charge given to it,
where C is a constant of proportionality
and is called the capacitance
#2 Types of Capacitors
 #2 Types of Capacitors

An electrical device consisting of two

parallel conducting plates separated +Q
by an insulating material and have
ability to store charge.

-Q
 #2 Types of Capacitors

Electric field is localised between the

two plates and is uniform throughout.
+Q

-Q
 #2 Types of Capacitors

Electric field is localised between the

two plates and is uniform throughout.
+Q

-Q
#2 Types of Capacitors
#2 Types of Capacitors
A cylindrical capacitor has two co-axial cylinders of length 15 cm and radii 1.5 cm and 1.4 cm.
The outer cylinder is earthed and the inner cylinder is given a charge of 3.5 𝜇C. The
capacitance of the system is:

A 3.4 × 10-10 F

B 1.2 × 10-10 F

C 4.8 × 10-9 F

D 2.5 × 10-9 F
A cylindrical capacitor has two co-axial cylinders of length 15 cm and radii 1.5 cm and 1.4 cm.
The outer cylinder is earthed and the inner cylinder is given a charge of 3.5 𝜇C. The
capacitance of the system is:

A 3.4 × 10-10 F

B 1.2 × 10-10 F

C 4.8 × 10-9 F

D 2.5 × 10-9 F
#3 Force between plates of a Capacitors
#3 Force between plates of a Capacitors

E
#3 Force between plates of a Capacitors

This is the force required to maintain

the parallel plate capacitor because if
this force is not applied then plates will
be attracted towards each other.
Q. A parallel plate capacitor has an electric field of 105 V/m between the plates. If the charge
on the capacitor plate is 1 μC, then force on each capacitor plate is -

A 0.1 N

B 0.05 N

C 0.02 N

D 0.01 N
Q. A parallel plate capacitor has an electric field of 105 V/m between the plates. If the charge
on the capacitor plate is 1 μC, then force on each capacitor plate is -

A 0.1 N

B 0.05 N

C 0.02 N

D 0.01 N
A parallel plate capacitor with area 200 cm2 and separation between the plates 1.5 cm, is
connected across a battery of emf V. If the force of attraction between the plates is 25 ｘ10-6
N, the value of V is approximately :

Online April 15, 2018

A 150 V

B 100 V

C 250 V

D 300 V
A parallel plate capacitor with area 200 cm2 and separation between the plates 1.5 cm, is
connected across a battery of emf V. If the force of attraction between the plates is 25 ｘ10-6
N, the value of V is approximately :

Online April 15, 2018

A 150 V

B 100 V

C 250 V

D 300 V
#4 Capacitors in series
#4 Capacitors in series
In series arrangement, charges
on capacitors are the same and
voltages are different.
#4 Capacitors in parallel
#4 Capacitors in parallel
In series arrangement, charges
on capacitors are the same and
voltages are different.
The equivalent capacitance between A and B in the circuit given below is :

Online April 15, 2018

A 4.9 μF

B 3.6 μF

C 5.4 μF

D 2.4 μF
The equivalent capacitance between A and B in the circuit given below is :

Online April 15, 2018

A 4.9 μF

B 3.6 μF

C 5.4 μF

D 2.4 μF
In the circuit shown in the figure, the total charge is 750 μC and the voltage across capacitor
C2 is 20 V. Then the charge on capacitor C2 is :

Sep 03, 2020 (I)

A 450 μC

B 590 μC

C 160 μC

D 650 μC
In the circuit shown in the figure, the total charge is 750 μC and the voltage across capacitor
C2 is 20 V. Then the charge on capacitor C2 is :

Sep 03, 2020 (I)

A 450 μC

B 590 μC

C 160 μC

D 650 μC
In the circuit shown, find C if the effective capacitance of the whole circuit is to be 0.5 μF. All
values in the circuit are in μF.

12 JAN. 2019 II

C 4 μF

D
In the circuit shown, find C if the effective capacitance of the whole circuit is to be 0.5 μF. All
values in the circuit are in μF.

12 JAN. 2019 II

C 4 μF

D
#5 Energy stored in the capacitor

● When a capacitor is charged by a

battery, work is done by the charging
battery at the expense of its chemical
energy.
● This work is stored in the capacitor in the
form of electrostatic potential energy
#5 Energy stored in the capacitor

● Consider a capacitor of capacitance C.

Initial charge on capacitor is zero. Initial
potential difference between the
capacitor plate is zero.
● When charge is given to the capacitor,
the potential difference between it’s
plate increase.
#5 Energy stored in the capacitor

● Let at any instant when charge on

capacitor is q, V be that potential
difference between its plate.
● When charge is given to the capacitor,
the potential difference between it’s
plate increase.

V = q/C
#5 Energy stored in the capacitor

● Now work done in giving an

additional infinitesimal charge
dq to the capacitor,

Total work done in giving

charge from 0 to Q will be,
#5 Energy stored in the capacitor

If V is the final potential difference

between capacitor plates, then

Q = CV …(2)
#5 Energy stored in the capacitor
Effective capacitance of parallel combination of two capacitors C1 and C2 is 10 μF. When
these capacitors are individually connected to a voltage source of 1 V, the energy stored in
the capacitor C2 is 4 times that of C1. If these capacitors are connected in series, their
effective capacitance will be :
8 Jan. 2020 I

A 4.2 μF

B 3.2 μF

C 1.6 μF

D 8.4 μF
Effective capacitance of parallel combination of two capacitors C1 and C2 is 10 μF. When
these capacitors are individually connected to a voltage source of 1 V, the energy stored in
the capacitor C2 is 4 times that of C1. If these capacitors are connected in series, their
effective capacitance will be :
8 Jan. 2020 I

A 4.2 μF

B 3.2 μF

C 1.6 μF

D 8.4 μF
Two capacitors of capacitances C and 2C are charged to potential differences V and 2V,
respectively. These are then connected in parallel in such a manner that the positive terminal
of one is connected to the negative terminal of the other. The final energy of this
configuration is :
Sep.05, 2020 (I)

C zero

D
Two capacitors of capacitances C and 2C are charged to potential differences V and 2V,
respectively. These are then connected in parallel in such a manner that the positive terminal
of one is connected to the negative terminal of the other. The final energy of this
configuration is :
Sep.05, 2020 (I)

C zero

D
#6 Loss of Energy

When two capacitances are

connected to each other, common
p.d is
#6 Loss of Energy

When two capacitances are

connected to each other, common
p.d is
 #6 Loss of Energy
When two capacitances are connected to each other,
loss of energy is
 #6 Loss of Energy
When two capacitances are connected to each other,
loss of energy is
A 10 μF capacitor is fully charged to a potential difference of 50 V. After removing the source
voltage it is connected to an uncharged capacitor in parallel. Now the potential difference
across them becomes 20 V. The capacitance of the second capacitor is :

Sep.02, 2020 (II)

A 15 μF

B 30 μF

C 20 μF

D 10 μF
A 10 μF capacitor is fully charged to a potential difference of 50 V. After removing the source
voltage it is connected to an uncharged capacitor in parallel. Now the potential difference
across them becomes 20 V. The capacitance of the second capacitor is :

Sep.02, 2020 (II)

A 15 μF

B 30 μF

C 20 μF

D 10 μF
A capacitor C is fully charged with voltage V0. After disconnecting the voltage source, it is
connected in parallel with another uncharged capacitor of capacitance . The energy
loss in the process after the charge is distributed between the two capacitor is :
Sep.04, 2020 (II)

D
A capacitor C is fully charged with voltage V0. After disconnecting the voltage source, it is
connected in parallel with another uncharged capacitor of capacitance . The energy
loss in the process after the charge is distributed between the two capacitor is :
Sep.04, 2020 (II)

D
 #7 Effect of dielectrics

As the dielectrics is
inserted, permittivity
changes and so does
the capacitance.
 #7 Effect of dielectrics

As the dielectrics is
inserted, permittivity
changes and so does
the capacitance.
#8 Change in capacitance due to dielectrics
#8 Change in capacitance due to dielectrics
A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of 8pF. What will be
the capacitance if the distance between the plates is reduced by half, and the space
between them is filled with a substance of dielectric constant 6?

A 48 pF

B 8 pF

C 96 pF

D 60 pF
A parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates has a capacitance of 8pF. What will be
the capacitance if the distance between the plates is reduced by half, and the space
between them is filled with a substance of dielectric constant 6?

A 48 pF

B 8 pF

C 96 pF

D 60 pF
The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with air as medium is 6𝜇F. With the introduction
of a dielectric medium, the capacitance becomes 30 𝜇F.the permittivity of the medium is:
𝜀0 = 8.85 × 10-12 C2 N-1 m-2

A 1.77 × 10-12 C2 N-1 m-2

B 0.44 × 10-10 C2 N-1 m-2

C 5.00 C2 N-1 m-2

D 0.44 × 10-13 C2 N-1 m-2

The capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with air as medium is 6𝜇F.With the introduction
of a dielectric medium, the capacitance becomes 30 𝜇F.the permittivity of the medium is:
𝜀0 = 8.85 × 10-12 C2 N-1 m-2

A 1.77 × 10-12 C2 N-1 m-2

B 0.44 × 10-10 C2 N-1 m-2

C 5.00 C2 N-1 m-2

D 0.44 × 10-13 C2 N-1 m-2

A parallel plate capacitor is of area 6 cm2 and a separation 3 mm. The gap is filled with three
dielectric materials of equal thickness (see figure) with dielectric constants K1 = 10, K2 = 12
and K3 = 1(4). The dielectric constant of a material which when fully inserted in above
capacitor, gives same capacitance would be :

10 Jan. 2019 I

A 4

B 14

C 12

D 36
A parallel plate capacitor is of area 6 cm2 and a separation 3 mm. The gap is filled with three
dielectric materials of equal thickness (see figure) with dielectric constants K1 = 10, K2 = 12
and K3 = 1(4). The dielectric constant of a material which when fully inserted in above
capacitor, gives same capacitance would be :

10 Jan. 2019 I

A 4

B 14

C 12

D 36
A parallel plate capacitor has a dielectric slab of dielectric constant K between its plates that
covers ⅓ of the area of its plates, as shown in the figure. The total capacitance of the
capacitor is C while that of the portion with dielectric in between is C1. When the capacitor is
charged, the plate area covered by the dielectric gets charge Q1 and the rest of the area gets
charge Q2. Choose the correct option/options, ignoring edge effects.

ADVANCED 2014

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JEE 2023

Suri Sir Arvind Sir Mohit Sir

Physic
s s
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● Produced 10000+ IIT/ NIT/
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NEET/AIIMS/ OLYMPIADS
● M.Sc., IIT Delhi selections
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JEE 2023

Shimon Sir Shreyas Sir Harsh Sir

Maths
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Experience.
● Mentored more than 10,000+
students.
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s
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