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Straight Lines
16 Nov Sequence and Series

17 Nov Straight Lines

18 Nov Circles

21 Nov Parabola

22 Nov Ellipse and Hyperbola

23 Nov Introduction to Three
Dimensional Geometry |
Mathematical Reasoning

24 Nov Limits and Derivatives

25 Nov Statistics

28 Nov Probability
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Q. If where n is an even integer, is
an arithmetic progression with common

difference 1, and
then n is equal to:

JEE Main 2022 24 June Shift I

A 48 B 96

C 92 D 104
Q. If where n is an even integer, is
an arithmetic progression with common

difference 1, and
then n is equal to:
Q. If where n is an even integer, is
an arithmetic progression with common

difference 1, and
then n is equal to:
Solution
Q. If where n is an even integer, is
an arithmetic progression with common

difference 1, and
then n is equal to:

JEE Main 2022 24 June Shift I

A 48 B 96

C 92 D 104
DISTANCE FORMULA

If A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) are two points, then

SECTION FORMULA

The co-ordinates of a point dividing a line

joining the points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) in the
ratio m : n is given by:
(a) For internal division:

(b) For external division:

CENTRES OF A TRIANGLE

Let A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) are vertices
of any triangle ABC, then
(a) Centroid
The centroid is the point of intersection of the
medians (line joining the mid point of sides and
opposite vertices).
CENTRES OF A TRIANGLE

Note:
(i) Centroid divides the median in the ratio of 2 : 1.
(ii) Co-ordinates of centroid

(iii) If P is any internal point of triangle such that

area of ΔAPB, ΔAPC and ΔBPC are same then P
must be centroid.
CENTRES OF A TRIANGLE

(b) Incenter
The incenter is the point of intersection of
internal bisectors of the angles of a triangle.
Also it is a centre of a circle touching all the
sides of a triangle.
Co-ordinates of incenter

Where, a, b, c are the sides of triangle ABC.

CENTRES OF A TRIANGLE

Note:
(i) Angle bisector divides the opposite slides in
the ratio of remaining sides. E.g.

(ii) Incenter divides the angle bisectors in the

ratio (b + c) : a, (c + a) : b, (a + b) : c
CENTRES OF A TRIANGLE

(c) Circumcenter
It is the point of intersection of perpendicular
bisectors of the sides of a triangle. If O is the
circumcenter of any triangle ABC, then
OA2 = OB2 = OC2.
Also it is a centre of circle touching all the
vertices of a triangle.
Note:
(i) If a triangle is right angle, the its
circumcenter is mid point of hypotenuse.
(ii) Find perpendicular bisector of any two sides
and solve them to find circumcentre.
CENTRES OF A TRIANGLE

(d) Orthocenter
It is the point of intersection of perpendicular
drawn from vertices on opposite sides of a
triangle and can be obtained by solving the
equation of any two altitudes.
Note:
If a triangle is right angled triangle, then
orthocenter is the point where right angle is
formed.
CENTRES OF A TRIANGLE

(e) Ex-centers
The centre of the circle which touches side BC
and the extended portions of sides AB and AC
is called the ex-centre of ΔABC with respect to
the vertex A. It is denoted by I1 and its
coordinates are
CENTRES OF A TRIANGLE

Similarly ex-centers of ΔABC with respect to

vertices B and C are denoted by I2 and I3
respectively, and
CENTRES OF A TRIANGLE

Remarks:
(i) If the triangle is equilateral, the centroid,
incentre, orthocenter and circumcenter
coincides.
(ii) Orthocentre, centroid and circumcentre are
always collinear and centroid divides the line
joining orthocentre and circumcentre in the
ratio 2 : 1.
(iii) In an isosceles triangle centroid,
orthocentre, incentre, circumcentre lies on the
same line.
AREA OF A TRIANGLE

Let A(x1, y1), B(x2, y2) and C(x3, y3) are vertices
of a triangle, then
Area of ΔABC
AREA OF A TRIANGLE

To remember the above formula, take the help

of the following method:
EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE

(i) Slope Intercept form: Let m be the slope of a

line and c its intercept of y-axis, then the
equation straight line is y = mx + c

(ii) Point Slope form: If m be the slope of a line

and it passes through a point (x1, y1), then
equation of straight line is
y - y1 = m(x - x1)

(iii) Two point form: Equation of a line passing

through two points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) is
EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE

(iv) Intercept form: If a and b are the intercepts

made by a line on the axes of x and y, its
equation is

(v) Normal form: If p is the length of

perpendicular on a line from the origin and ⍺
the angle which this perpendicular makes with
positive x-axis, then the equation of this line is
written as:
x cos⍺ + y sin ⍺ = p (p is always positive),
where 0 ≤ ⍺ < 2𝜋.
EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE

(vi) Parametric form: To find the equation of a

straight line which passes through a given point
A(h, k) and makes a given angle 𝜽 with the
positive direction of x-axis. P(x, y) is any point
on the line LAL’.
Let AP = r then x - h = r cos 𝜽, y - k = r sin 𝜽

is the equation of the straight line LAL’.

EQUATION OF A STRAIGHT LINE

(vii) General form: We know that a first degree

equation in x and y, ax + by + c = 0 always
represents a straight line. This form is known
as general form of straight line.
Slope of this line

To change the general form of a line to normal

form, first take c to right hand side and make it
positive, then divide the whole equation by

.
ANGLE BETWEEN TWO LINES

If 𝜽 be the angle between two lines:

y = m1x + c1 and y = m2x + c2, then
LENGTH OF PERPENDICULAR FROM A
POINT TO A LINE

Length of perpendicular from a point (x1, y1) on

the line ax + by + c = 0 is
DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL
LINES
(a) The distance between two parallel lines
ax + by + c1 = 0 and ax + by + c2 = 0 is

(b) Area of the parallelogram bounded by the

lines y = m1x + c1, y = m1x + c2 and
y = m2x + d1, y = m2x + d2 is given by
EQUATION OF LINES PARALLEL AND
PERPENDICULAR TO GIVEN LINES

(a) Equation of line parallel to line ax + by + c =0

is ax + by + λ = 0.

(b) Equation of line perpendicular to line

ax + by + c = 0 is bx - ay + k = 0.
POSITION OF A POINT WITH RESPECT
TO A GIVEN LINE

Let the given line be ax + by + c = 0 and

P(x1, y1), Q(x2, y2) be two points.

If the quantities ax1 + by1 + c and ax2 + by2 + c

have the same signs, then both the points P and
Q lie on the same side of the line ax + by + c =
0.

If the quantities ax1 + by1 + c and ax2 + by2 + c

have opposite signs, then they lie on the
opposite sides of the line.
CONCURRENCY OF LINES

Three lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0; a2x + b2y + c2 = 0

and a3x + b3y + c3 = 0 are concurrent, if

Note:
If lins are concurrent then Δ = 0 but if Δ = 0
then lines may or may not be concurrent {lines
may be parallel}.
EQUATION OF ANGLE BISECTORS

If equation of two intersecting lines are

a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0, then
equation of bisectors of the angles between
these lines are written as:
EQUATION OF ANGLE BISECTORS

(a) Equation of bisector of angle containing

origin:
If the equation of the lines are written with
constant terms C1 and c2 positive, then the
equation of the bisectors of the angle
containing the origin is obtained by taking
positive sign in (1).
 EQUATION OF ANGLE BISECTORS

(b) Equation of bisector of acute/obtuse angles:

See whether the constant terms c1 and c2 in the
two equation are positive or not. If not then
multiply both sides of given equation by-1 to
make the constant terms positive.
Determine the sign of a1a2 + b1b2

If sign of For obtuse For acute

a1a2 + b1b2 angle bisector angle bisector

+ Use + sign in eq. (1) Use - sign in eq. (1)

- Use - sign in eq. (1) Use + sign in eq. (1)

FAMILY OF STRAIGHT LINES

If equation of two lines be P ≡ a1x + b1y + c1 = 0

and Q ≡ a2x + b2y + c2 = 0, then the equation of
the lines passing through the point of
intersection of these lines is: P + λQ + = 0 or a1x
+ b1y + c1 + λ(a2x + b2y + c2) = 0. The value of λ
is obtained with the help of the additional
informations given in the problem.
STANDARD RESULTS

(a) Coordinate of foot of perpendicular (h, k)

from (x1, y1) to the line ax + by + c = 0 is given
by

(b) Image of point (x1, y1) w.r.t to the line

ax + by + c = 0 is given by
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Q. Let the area of the triangle with vertices
A(1, 𝛼), B(𝛼, 0) and C(0, 𝛼) be 4 sq. units. If
the point (𝛼, -𝛼), (-𝛼, 𝛼) and (𝛼2, 𝛽) are
collinear, then 𝛽 is equal to

JEE Main 2022 24 July Shift II

A 64

B -8

C -64

D 512
Q. Let the area of the triangle with vertices
A(1, 𝛼), B(𝛼, 0) and C(0, 𝛼) be 4 sq. units. If
the point (𝛼, -𝛼), (-𝛼, 𝛼) and (𝛼2, 𝛽) are
collinear, then 𝛽 is equal to
Q. Let the area of the triangle with vertices
A(1, 𝛼), B(𝛼, 0) and C(0, 𝛼) be 4 sq. units. If
the point (𝛼, -𝛼), (-𝛼, 𝛼) and (𝛼2, 𝛽) are
collinear, then 𝛽 is equal to
Solution
Q. Let the area of the triangle with vertices
A(1, 𝛼) B(𝛼, 0) and C(0, 𝛼) be 4 sq. units. If
the point (𝛼, -𝛼), (-𝛼, 𝛼) and (𝛼2, 𝛽) are
collinear, then 𝛽 is equal to

JEE Main 2022 24 July Shift II

A 64

B -8

C -64

D 512
Q. The equation of one of the straight lines
which passes through the point (1, 3) and
makes an angles tan-1( ) with the straight
line, y + 1 = 3 x is

JEE Main 2021 18 Mar Shift I

D
Q. The equation of one of the straight lines
which passes through the point (1, 3) and
makes an angles tan-1( ) with the straight
line, y + 1 = 3 x is
Q. The equation of one of the straight lines
which passes through the point (1, 3) and
makes an angles tan-1( ) with the straight
line, y + 1 = 3 x is
Solution
Q. The equation of one of the straight lines
which passes through the point (1, 3) and
makes an angles tan-1(√2) wit the straight
line, y + 1 = 3√2x is

JEE Main 2021 18 Mar Shift II

D
Q. If A(1, 1), B(6, 5), are
vertices of
ΔABC. A point P is such that area of ΔPAB,
ΔPAC, ΔPBA are equal, also
then length of PQ is
JEE Main 2020 07 Jan Shift I

A 2

B 3

C 4

D 5
Q. If A(1, 1), B(6, 5), are
vertices of
ΔABC. A point P is such that area of ΔPAB,
ΔPAC, ΔPBA are equal, also
then length of PQ is
Q. If A(1, 1), B(6, 5), are
vertices of
ΔABC. A point P is such that area of ΔPAB,
ΔPAC, ΔPBA are equal, also
then length of PQ is
Solution
Q. If A(1, 1), B(6, 5), are
vertices of
ΔABC, A point P is such that area of ΔPAB,
ΔPAC, ΔPBA are equal, also
then length of PQ is
JEE Main 2020 07 Jan Shift I

A 2

B 3

C 4

D 5
Q. If the straight line, 2x - 3y + 17 = 0 is
perpendicular to the line passing through the
points (7, 17) and (15, 𝛽), then 𝛽 equals :

JEE Main 2019 12 Jan Shift I

B -5

D 5
Q. If the straight line, 2x - 3y + 17 = 0 is
perpendicular to the line passing through the
points (7, 17) and (15, 𝛽), then 𝛽 equals :
Q. If the straight line, 2x - 3y + 17 = 0 is
perpendicular to the line passing through the
points (7, 17) and (15, 𝛽), then 𝛽 equals :
Solution
Q. If the straight line, 2x - 3y + 17 = 0 is
perpendicular to the line passing through the
points (7, 17) and (15, 𝛽), then 𝛽 equals :

JEE Main 2019 12 Jan Shift I

B -5

D 5
Q. The image of the point (3, 5) in the line x -
y + 1 = 0, lies on:

JEE Main 2021 25 Feb Shift I

A (x - 2)2 + ( y - 4)2 = 4

B (x - 4)2 + ( y + 2)2 = 16

C (x - 4)2 + ( y - 4)2 = 8

D (x - 2)2 + ( y - 2)2 = 12
Q. The image of the point (3, 5) in the line x -
y + 1 = 0, lies on:
Q. The image of the point (3, 5) in the line x -
y + 1 = 0, lies on:
Solution
Q. The image of the point (3, 5) in the line x -
y + 1 = 0, lies on:

JEE Main 2021 25 Feb Shift I

A (x - 2)2 + ( y - 4)2 = 4

B (x - 4)2 + ( y + 2)2 = 16

C (x - 4)2 + ( y - 4)2 = 8

D (x - 2)2 + ( y - 2)2 = 12
Q. A straight line through a fixed point (2, 3)
intersects the coordinate axes at distinct points
P and Q. If O is the origin and the rectangle
OPRQ is completed, then the locus of R is

JEE Main 2018

A 3x + 2y = 6xy

B 3x + 2y = 6

C 2x + 3y = xy

D 3x + 2y = xy
Q. A straight line through a fixed point (2, 3)
intersects the coordinate axes at distinct points
P and Q. If O is the origin and the rectangle
OPRQ is completed, then the locus of R is
Solution
Q. A straight line through a fixed point (2, 3)
intersects the coordinate axes at distinct points
P and Q. If O is the origin and the rectangle
OPRQ is completed, then the locus of R is

JEE Main 2018

A 3x + 2y = 6xy

B 3x + 2y = 6

C 2x + 3y = xy

D 3x + 2y = xy
Q. Let tan 𝛼, tan 𝛽 and tan 𝛾; 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾
n ∈ N be the slope of three line segments OA
OB and OC, respectively, where O is origin. If
circumcentre of ΔABC coincides with origin
and its orthocentre lies on y-axis, then the
value of is equal to:

JEE Main 2021 17 Mar Shift II

Q. Let tan 𝛼, tan 𝛽 and tan 𝛾; 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾
n ∈ N be the slope of three line segments OA
OB and OC, respectively, where O is origin. If
circumcentre of ΔABC coincides with origin
and its orthocentre lies on y-axis, then the
value of is equal to:
Q. Let tan 𝛼, tan 𝛽 and tan 𝛾; 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝛾
n ∈ N be the slope of three line segments OA
OB and OC, respectively, where O is origin. If
circumcentre of ΔABC coincides with origin
and its orthocentre lies on y-axis, then the
value of is equal to:
Solution
Q. Two sides of a parallelogram are along the
lines 4x + 5y = 0 and 7x + 2y = 0. If the equation
of one of the diagonals of the parallelogram is
11x + 7y = 9, then other diagonal passes
through the point:

JEE Main 2021 27 July Shift II

A (1, 2)

B (2, 2)

C (2, 1)

D (1, 3)
Q. Two sides of a parallelogram are along the
lines 4x + 5y = 0 and 7x + 2y = 0. If the equation
of one of the diagonals of the parallelogram is
11x + 7y = 9, then other diagonal passes
through the point:
Q. Two sides of a parallelogram are along the
lines 4x + 5y = 0 and 7x + 2y = 0. If the equation
of one of the diagonals of the parallelogram is
11x + 7y = 9, then other diagonal passes
through the point:
Solution
Both the lines pass through origin
Solution
Q. Two sides of a parallelogram are along the
lines 4x + 5y = 0 and 7x + 2y = 0. If the equation
of one of the diagonals of the parallelogram is
11x + 7y = 9, then other diagonal passes
through the point:

JEE Main 2021 27 July Shift II

A (1, 2)

B (2, 2)

C (2, 1)

D (1, 3)
Q. A line, with the slope greater than one,
passes through the point A(4, 3) and
intersects the line x - y - 2 = 0 at the point B.
If the length of the line segment AB is
then B also lies on the line:
JEE Main 2022 25 Jul Shift I

A 2x + y = 9

B 3x - 2y = 7

C x + 2y = 6

D 2x - 3y = 3
Q. A line, with the slope greater than one,
passes through the point A(4, 3) and
intersects the line x - y - 2 = 0 at the point B.
If the length of the line segment AB is
then B also lies on the line:
Q. A line, with the slope greater than one,
passes through the point A(4, 3) and
intersects the line x - y - 2 = 0 at the point B.
If the length of the line segment AB is
then B also lies on the line:
Solution
Q. A line, with the slope greater than one,
passes through the point A(4, 3) and
intersects the line x - y - 2 = 0 at the point B.
If the length of the line segment AB is
then B also lies on the line:
JEE Main 2022 25 Jul Shift I

A 2x + y = 9

B 3x - 2y = 7

C x + 2y = 6

D 2x - 3y = 3
Q. Lines are drawn parallel to the line
4x - 3y + 2 = 0, at a distance from the
origin. Then which one of the following
points lies on any of these lines?
JEE Main 2019 10 Apr Shift II

D
Q. Lines are drawn parallel to the line
4x - 3y + 2 = 0, at a distance from the
origin. Then which one of the following
points lies on any of these lines?
Q. Lines are drawn parallel to the line
4x - 3y + 2 = 0, at a distance from the
origin. Then which one of the following
points lies on any of these lines?
Solution
Q. Lines are drawn parallel to the line
4x - 3y + 2 = 0, at a distance from the
origin. Then which one of the following
points lies on any of these lines?
JEE Main 2019 10 Apr Shift II

D
Q. If the line 3x + 4y - 24 = 0 intersects the x-
axis at the point A and the y-axis at the point
B, then the incentre of the triangle OAB,
where O is the origin, is:

A (3, 4) B (2, 2)

C (4, 3) D (4, 4)
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