From Transformer

Bushing to LA-GT

Calculation for Mechanical Short Circuit Strength of equipment connection with flexible conductor as per IEC 60865

1 Input Data

Following are the input data for the calculation. Other terms, factors and data used in the calculation are as defined i

Symbol Description Unit

V System Voltage kV 115

f System frequency Hz 50

3 phase initial symmetrical short circuit

I"k3 A 31500
current (rms)

g acceleration due to gravity m/s2 9.81

Initial static tensile force in main

Fst N 5000
conductor

Center Line distance between

l m 4.5
supports

lh Extend of one head armature and clamp m 0.2

lf Form Factor m 0.2

Center line distance between

a1 m 1.1
conductors (Phase to Phase spacing)

Center line distance between

a2 m 2.2
conductors (Phase to Phase spacing)

Equivalent distance between conductors

a m 1.65
(Phase to Phase spacing)

Mass of one set of connecting pieces

mz kg 1.3
(spacers)

Type of Conductor ACSR PANTHER

No. of sub-conductor in a main

n Nos. 1
conductor bundle

Effective distance between sub-

as m 0
conductors

mm2 261.5
As Cross-section of one sub-conductor
m 2
2.62E-04
mm 21
ds Diameter of the sub-conductor in bundle
m 2.10E-02

Mass per unit length of one sub- kg / km 974

m'
conductor of bundle kg / m 0.974
Final value of Young's modulus of N / mm 2
8.00E+04
E
elasticity of the sub-conductor N/m 2
8.00E+10
 Cord length of the main conductor in the
leff m 3.7
span (l - 2lh - 2Lf)
lc =Ieff m 3.7
ns Nos. of spacers in the span Nos. 0

Resultant Mass per unit length of one

sub-conductor after considering the
ms' kg / m 1.621
mass of spacers within the span = m' +
{(ns x mz)/(n x Ic)}

Resultant spring constant of both

S N/m 1.00E+05
supports of one span
µ0 Electromagnetic constant N / m2 1.26E-06

2 Detailed Calculation for Short circuit forces

The characteristic Electromagnetic Load

per unit length on flexible main
2.01 F'
conductor in 3 Φ system is given by:
(IEC 60865 - I, Eq 19a)

= (µ0/2π) x (0.75) x (I"k32/a) x (lc/leff) N/m 90.45

The ratio of electromagnetic force under

short circuit to gravitational force on a
2.02 r
conductor is given by: (IEC 60865 - I, Eq
20)

= F' / (n x ms' x g) 5.69

The direction of the resulting force

2.03 δ1 exerted on the conductor is given by:
(IEC 60865 - I, Eq 21)

= tan-1 (r) deg 80.03

The equivalent static conductor sag at

2.04 fes midspan is given by: (IEC 60865 - I, Eq
22)

= (n x m's x g x leff2) / (8 x Fst) m 0.005

The period T, of conductor oscillations is

2.05 T
given by: (IEC 60865 - I, Eq 23)

= 2π x {0.8 x (fes / g)}1/2 sec 0.132

The resulting period, Tres, of the

conductor oscillation during the short
2.06 Tres
circuit current flow is given by: (IEC
60865 - I, Eq 24)

= T/[{1+r2}1/4 x {1-(π2/64) x (δ1/900)2}] sec

 Actual Young's modulus of conductor,
2.07 Eeff
Es, is given by: (IEC 60865 - I, Eq 26)

= E x [0.3+0.7 x sin{Fst x 900 / (n x As x

For Fst/nAs ≤ σfin, N/m2
σfin)}]
#NAME? For Fst/nAs ≥ σfin, N/m2 3.83E+10
Lowest value of σ when Young's
σfin modulus becomes constant (IEC 60865 5.00E+07, N/m2
- I, Eq 27)

The stiffness norm is given by:

2.08 N
(IEC 60865 - I, Eq 25)
{1/(S x l)} + {1/(n x Eeff x As)} 2.34E-06

The stress factor, ζ, of the main

2.09 ζ conductor is given by: (IEC 60865 - I, Eq
28)
(n x g x ms' x leff)2 / (24 x Fst3 x N) 0.00046

During or at the end of the short circuit

current flow, the span will have
2.1 oscillated out of the steady state to the
angle given by: (Tk1=1 sec) (IEC 60865 -
I, Eq 29)

δend δ1[1-cos(3600 xTk1/Tres)] For 0 ≤ (Tk1/Tres) ≤ 0.5, deg

δend 2δ1 For (Tk1/Tres) > 0.5, deg

Tk1/Tres 4.742
Duration of first short circuit current flow
Where,
is given by:
Tk1 = sec 0.32
0.4T = sec 0.051

Therefore, as per clause No. 2.3.2.1 of

IEC 865-1, the true value of Tk1 (=
0.320 sec) shall be used to calculate δend

=> δend deg 154.77

 Maximum swing out angle during or
2.11 after short circuit current flow, δm, is
given by: (IEC 60865 - I, Eq 31)

δmax 1.25 cos-1χ deg for: 0.766 ≤ χ ≤ 1

δmax 10 + cos-1χ
0
deg for: -0.985 ≤ χ ≤ 0.766
δmax 180 0
deg for: χ <-0.985

Where, Quantity for the maximum

2.12 χ swing-out angle, χ, is given as: (IEC -3.4676
60865 - I, Eq 30)
χ = 1-r sin δend for: 0 ≤ δend ≤ 900
χ = 1-r for: δend > 900
Therefore δmax deg 180

The load parameter φ is obtained as

2.13 follows:
(IEC 60865 - I, Eq 32)
φ 3[ √(1+r2) - 1] for: Tk1≥ Tres/4 10.735
3[r x sin(δend) + cos(δend) -1] for: Tk1< Tres/4

Span reaction factor, ψ (φ,ζ), is

2.14 ψ calculated as a real solution of the
equation: (IEC 60865 - I, A.6)

φ2ψ3+φ(2 + ζ)ψ2+(1 + 2ζ)ψ−ζ(2+φ)=0 for: 0 ≤ ψ ≤ 1 0.0054

The short circuit tensile force Ft is given

2.15 Ft
by: (IEC 60865 - I, Eq 33)
Ft = Fst (1 +φψ) N for: n = 1, single condr
Ft = 1.1 x Fst(1 + φψ) N for: n > 1, bundled condr
Ft N 5291.97
Ft kN 5.292

Drop forces need to be calculated only

when δ m ≥ 70 0 & r > 0.6
(IEC 60865 - I, Eq 35)
2.15 Ff The 'drop force' is given by:
Ff 1.2 x Fst √(1 + 8ζ x δm/1800) N for: r >0.6; δm≥700
Ff non-significant N for: r < 0.6; δm<700
Ff N 6011.05
Ff kN 6.011

Calculation for Horizontal Span

Displacement and Minimum Air
Clearance

The elastic expansion is given by: εela

2.16
2.16
(IEC 60865 - I, Eq 34)
εela = N x (Ft - Fst) 6.83E-04

The thermal expansion is given by (IEC

2.17 εth 1.21E-05
60865 - I, Eq 35)
εth = cth {I"k3/(n x As)}2 x Tres/4 for : Tk1≥
εth
Tres/4

εth = cth {I"k3/(n x As)}2 x Tk1/4 for : Tk1<

εth
Tres/4
where, cth m4/A2sec 1.70E-19
for: Aluminum, aluminum alloy &
aluminum/ steel conductors with cross-
section ratio of Al/ St ≤ 6

Dilation factor, CD, allows for sag

increase caused by elastic and thermal
2.18 CD
elongation of the conductor and is given
by: (IEC 60865 - I, Eq 36)

CD = {1 + 3/8 x (leff/fes)2 x (εela +εth)}1/2 11.4

Form factor, CF, allows for a possible

increase in the dynamic sag of the
2.19 CF conductor caused by a change in shape 1.15
of the conductor curve and is given by:
(IEC 60865 - I, Eq 37)

CF = 1.05 for: r ≤ 0.8

CF = 0.97 +0.1r for: 0.8 < r < 1.8
CF = 1.15 for: r ≥ 1.8

Dynamic Sag result (IEC 60865 - I, Eq

2.2 fed
38)
fed = CF*CD*fes m 0.067

Calculation for Horizontal Span

Displacement and Minimum Air
Clearance (IEC 60865 - I, Eq 45)
The maximum horizontal displacement
2.21 bh in midspan bh, due to a short circuit is m 0.065
given by:
bh = fed Sin δ1 m for: δmax ≥ δ1
bh = fed Sin δmax m for: δmax < δ1

The distance between the midpoints of

the two main conductors during a line-
2.22 amin to-line two-phase short circuit is in the
worst case given by:

(IEC 60865 - I, Eq 48)

amin = a - 2bh m 1.965
 Structure Load due to Flexible
2.23 conductors
(IEC 60865 - I, 6.5.1)

Design Load for Post Insulators and

their supports i.e. steel structure is given kN 6.011
by Maximum Value of Ftd & Ffd

Connectors for flexible conductors shall

be rated on the basis of the maximum kN 7.938
value of 1.5Ftd & 1.0Ffd
 From From From From From From

CB to ISOLATOR to CVT-2 to LA-

LA-GT to CVT-1 CVT-1 to CT CT to CB
ISOLATOR CVT-2 Line

lexible conductor as per IEC 60865 - 1 for SINGLE ACSR PANTHER Conductor

ed in the calculation are as defined in IEC-865, Part-I.

115 115 115 115 115 115

50 50 50 50 50 50

31500 31500 31500 31500 31500 31500

9.81 9.81 9.81 9.81 9.81 9.81

5000 5000 5000 5000 5000 5000

2 2 2.16 2 2.37 2

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.5

2.5 2.5 1.7 2.5 2.5 2.5

2.5 2.5 2.1 2.5 2.35 2.5

1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

ACSR ZEBRA ACSR ZEBRA ACSR ZEBRA ACSR ZEBRA ACSR ZEBRA ACSR ZEBRA

1 1 1 1 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0

484.48 484.48 484.48 484.48 484.48 484.48

4.84E-04 4.84E-04 4.84E-04 4.84E-04 4.84E-04 4.84E-04
28.62 28.62 28.62 28.62 28.62 28.62
2.86E-02 2.86E-02 2.86E-02 2.86E-02 2.86E-02 2.86E-02
1621 1621 1621 1621 1621 1621
1.621 1.621 1.621 1.621 1.621 1.621
7.32E+04 7.32E+04 7.32E+04 7.32E+04 7.32E+04 7.32E+04
7.32E+10 7.32E+10 7.32E+10 7.32E+10 7.32E+10 7.32E+10
 1.2 1.2 1.36 1.2 1.57 1.2

1.2 1.2 1.36 1.2 1.57 1.2

0 0 0 0 0 0

1.621 1.621 1.621 1.621 1.621 1.621

1.00E+05 1.00E+05 1.00E+05 1.00E+05 1.00E+05 1.00E+05

1.26E-06 1.26E-06 1.26E-06 1.26E-06 1.26E-06 1.26E-06

59.69 59.54 70.88 59.54 63.34 59.54

3.75 3.74 4.46 3.74 3.98 3.74

75.05 77.35 75.05 75.91 75.05

0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001

0.043 0.043 0.049 0.043 0.056 0.043

0.024 0.024 0.026 0.024 0.031 0.024

3.83E+10 3.83E+10 3.83E+10 3.83E+10 3.83E+10 3.83E+10

5.05E-06 5.05E-06 4.68E-06 5.05E-06 4.27E-06 5.05E-06

0.000024 0.000024 0.000033 0.000024 0.000049 0.000024

13.1 13.1 12.455 13.1 10.279 13.1

0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32

0.017 0.017 0.019 0.017 0.022 0.017

150.09 150.09 154.71 150.09 151.81 150.09

-2.7439 -2.7439 -3.457 -2.7439 -2.9828 -2.7439

180 180 180 180 180 180

8.625 8.625 10.703 8.625 9.319 8.625

0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006 0.0006

5023.8 5023.8 5029.54 5023.8 5025.72 5023.8

5.024 5.024 5.03 5.024 5.026 5.024

6000.58 6000.58 6000.8 6000.58 6001.17 6000.58

6.001 6.001 6.001 6.001 6.001 6.001
1.20E-04 1.20E-04 1.38E-04 1.20E-04 1.10E-04 1.20E-04

4.39E-06 4.39E-06 4.62E-06 4.39E-06 5.59E-06 4.39E-06

1.70E-19 1.70E-19 1.70E-19 1.70E-19 1.70E-19 1.70E-19

14.369 14.369 13.579 14.369 10.592 14.369

1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15

0.009 0.009 0.011 0.009 0.012 0.009

0.009 0.009 0.011 0.009 0.012 0.009

2.482 2.482 2.078 2.482 2.327 2.482

6.001 6.001 6.001 6.001 6.001 6.001

7.536 7.536 7.544 7.548 7.539 7.536