: a Student's BookCONTENTS eee 04 Inside story Cae OTe dead Core eee Cee fd pp154-157 CultureSpot ppnse-1 GRAMMAR 4S Present and past tenses Grammar Video® 9 Question tags and echo questions Pronundation:Intanationpatteins pp18-19 ruture forms for predictions Grammarvideo p25 Future forms for plans and hopes VOCABULARY _pp4-5 Callocations with contact, message and touch ‘pBldioms and phrases relat Active Vocabulary: idioms lO Emotion adjectives ppL4-15 Wor p19 cause and effect phrases p20 Threats tothe environment Documentary Video ‘Active Vocabulary: Compoundnouns Pronundlation: ses is compound nouns 2 Weather-related vocabulary 22 Endangered species pp2e-29\orsList LUFESKILS How to give a persuasive presentation tie skils ideo © pp32-58 ‘pao Relative and participle clauses ‘pp48-49 Narrative tenses; Past Perfect Simple and Continuous Grammar video © Pronunciation: Weak pronunciation 51 Negative inversion LUFE SKILLS How to be good at debating pp62=68 ‘pp64-65 Gerunds andinfinitves Grammar Video ® 67 Verbs with gerunds and infntives BL Articles 'pp34-55 Past and present habits Grammar Video 978-79 Madal nd related verbs Grammar Video ®) pp34-35 Phrases for ways of betaving 6 Life events 7 Personal qualities and behaviou Pronundation: sess patterns in adjectives P4445 Word Us P4849 Conspiracy theories p50 News reporting Documentary Video @ ‘tive Vocabulary allocations 54 Phatography PSB-59 Nord Us P6466 The senses 168-69 Social work and education p70 Food and cooking p?4-75 Word Us p80 Nomadic lifestyle paz Houses p84 Household problems and solutions Active Vocabulary: Phrasal verbs ppa8-29 Word List LUFE SkiLis How ta make the mast af volunteering pp32-93 1pp94-95 Reported speech Grammar Video @ 100 Reporting verbs 1pp108-109 The passive GrammarvVideo ® 115 impersonal passivestructures (pp9K-95 Protests 197 Socalissues Documentary Video! Pronunelation: stress in word families ative Vocabulary: Word building plO4-205 Wo ist pp108-109 TeIntesnet of Fines 111 Technology synonyms Active Vocabulary Synonyms p98-99 Cyberbullying ppl12-113 Virtual Realty pp1i8-119 Wort st LUFE SKILS How to manage your online image pp122-123, pp124-125 Conditionals Grammar Video ® Pronunciation: intonation in canditional sentences 130 ish, only past modals 1pp138-139 past modals of speculation Grammar video ® p41 Reduced adverbial causes LUFE SKILS How to build resilience ppi52-453 161 Literature Spot pp162-172 ppi24-125 Rags-to-iches tories p26 Falure and succe paz Documentary Video @ Active Vocabulary: pp1z4-135 ppnz8-159 Video worksheets)READING LUSTENING (pp6-7 Making contact, plo radio interview about Active Reading: Kenting emotionalinteligence the author's opinion Documentary Video ® 22-28 Mey need saving too! p22 Alecture about climate change ative listening: Understanding signposting SPEAKING p11 Using fixed phrases to ‘expres emations 24 Using fixed phrases ‘oexpress indecision, agreement, cisagreement andi reach adecision WRITING (pp12-13 An informal ‘email (pp26-27 A formal email, REVISION pp16-17 Revision 01 Use of English > p191 pp30-31 Revision 02, Use of English > p191 p41 Using generalisations to pp42-43 An opinion {alkabautsemethingthatis essay pp38-39 dract rom lion: p36 Aradio programme about Along way home Tfeevents Documentary video ® Active listening: Distinguishing between facts and opinion 1pp52-53 Seretplan to p54 Aradio programme about ‘massacre 17,500 trees revealed: famaus photos How locals fought to protect ane of Europe's greenest cites Ache Rendlng:Reconnsng jas usually rue 5Telling an anecdote ‘Active writing: Creating alinecfreasoning PpSE-S7AStOny Renionos Use of English > p192 pp60-62 Revision 04 Use of English > p192 pPSB-695abrive Tenerken: _p70Apodcast about te history Ablindwoman winavsion of ketchup fctve Reading: aking —_Pronundation Svessin inerences, Iematonl food words ‘Documentary Video ® pp82-83 Living small p82 A radio programme about ee a Active Ustening: Understanding fast speech (1) p72 Asking and answering ‘Questions about preferences 185 Giving instructions p72-73,Areviow pB6-87 Aceport pp76-77 Revision 05 Use of English > p193 pp90-91 Revision 6 Use of English > p193 'pp98-99 Dancing man 97 FimsandTVseriesabout ‘tive Reading: socalisues| Understanding complex and compound sentences pp112-113 Virtual Realty: p14Aradia programme about Walking insomeone else's _selfies shozs Active Ustening: Understanding Documentary video® ‘astspeech (2) ‘plO1 Exoresing and challenging opinions 10 describing trends pp102-203 anarticle pp226-117 Afor-and- againstessay ‘Active Writing: Evaluating other people's views 1pp106-107 Revision 07 Use of English > p194 ppiz0-121 Revision 08 Use of English > p194 p31 Discussing advantages pp132-153 (pp128-129 inspiring starias of p126 Personal stares about resilience fallure and success Active Reading: Following ‘eventsina narrative (pp142-143 Spolies: ove mm pl4OApodcastadout music orhate'em? | and isedvantages Acompetiion enty/ Alter of application p145 Negatisting informally pp146-147 An article Pronunciation: Connected speech pp136-137 Revislono9 Use of English > p195 p1so-151 Revision 10 Use of English > p195 ‘pp172-189 Grammar Reference and Practice p190 irregular Verbs p191-195 Use of Enalish pp196-200 communicationGet the message VOCABULARY Collocations with contact, message and touch, phrasal verbs, phrases for breaking the ice, communication idioms, emotion adjectives, GRAMMAR Present and past tenses, question tags, echo questions Use of English > page 19 SPEAKING Expressing emotions waiting Aninformatemal wine crammarQ documenta Messaging through time Since the dawn of time people * have been using cifferent ways of communicating at a distance. nals and after writing developed, they # invented more, ingenious methods of delivering messages; for example, sending a message in a bottie. Its believed this frst began thousands of years ago. At the tum of the h 1 century, bottles were found which had been sent by peopie who * were on board the Titanic. Happier stories have light. In 195 d aletter info the sea, hoping it would reach his future wife. Tw jan git, Paolina, who * had found his bottle antic, if not exactly environmentally friendly! up communic Inoncient times, they used smoke: dramatic telegraph in 1837 spe nt to the London police, ‘apture was hailed ome a diftere y up to 60, Since the Invention of the Intemet, the world * place. People” are sil s bilion a day, and it us hem. But? fac ‘doub} there ar ‘aso examples of when the Internet ® has changed someone 's life for the better. Look at Tara Taylor's case, a mother who ™ lives in the USA: when she uploaded a photo of her dau Facebook, a faceftiend spotted a problem with one of the child! fumed out sight The story of communicator the story of the human Giways shared knowiedg relationships, whateve ‘communication we use. silly A 1A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY at the girl had a rare disease, but he saved! in many ways, we've 1. impaits discuss the questions. hen ead the article «2 Make more collocatfons with the nouns message, and check which forms of communication. Contact, touch using the verbs from the box. + make it easiertostayintouch nowadays? caiseee cenEN| eH Ma PTA = used ta be a good way to quickly spread the message thatan enemy was coming? a + cancamyamessage over a long distal |___althe message = canbe used to conveya short and simple message? 3 ___ touch + could ea good way tomakecontactifyouwerestuck ona desertisland 1 I contact Discuss in pairs. How can a means of communication change someone's life? Find examples in the text.Present and past tenses 7 match the sentence halves. In pairs, discuss the reasons for 4 study the Grammar box and match the Fe lsh underlined phrases 1-11 in the article with 1 The phone is ringing The phone rings __ the meanings a-I a allthe time now that we run a business bb andi can't find where ve putt 2 ve been calling Mike __. 've called Mike a alldaytoday — b acouple of times today We use the Present Simple for: 3 ttsgetting_.ttgets a Croutines and habits a easier and easier to stay in touch with people bb Difacts and things that are generally rue b Less difficut everytime I write an essay ‘We use the Present Continuous fo: 4 Iwas watching a film __. watched a flm_ € Li things happening now or around now a when the lights suddenly went out 4D situations which are changing during the b when! got home from school presenttime 5 She has sent me a lot of emails recently, _. the Past Simple for: She sent me long emails every day € Liactions that started and finished at a while she was travelling abroad a specfictime in the past b sol might get one today elses var continuous for {6 When looked at my phone, the message arrived _ £ Daations in progress ata specifictime in When looked at my phone, the message had atived, the past a butl cidn'tnotice tbuzzing earlier 9 Datong activity interrupted by a short one b at exactiy he same moment ce a nee 7 what do youthink __ What areyou thinking_? fh Dactions and states which began in the a ofmyphone —b about es aoe On 8 @ 1.2 complete the text with the correct forms of the verbs i D finished actions in the past when we ‘brackets. Sometimes more than one form is possible. don't say exactly when they happened Lee are \We use the Present Perfect Continuous for: J Ganaction in progress or repeated over period of ime up until now In 1992, Nell Papworth, a software engineer and developer, 1___“"‘send) the first text message, which said simply, We use the Past Perfect fr: ‘Happy Christmas’. At that time, he #____ (work) for Sema k Clan action in the past that was completed Tale era Ea ay atic ieee Cleelonl eee before another action or time in the past for Vodaphone. In those days, mobile phones *__ {not have) Te keyboards, so he had to type the message on a computer Grommar Refenestea ane! Bratieg Baa Re Papworth was not, however, the first person to think of sending a short message. A man called Friedhelm Hillebrand * (already/suggest) the idea back in 1984. And it wes Hilebrand whe limited the message to 160 characters. 5 Match time expressions below with the tenses in Exercise 4, Find more time expressions in the article. Text messaging was not immediately popular, butin recent yeas it atthe moment atthetime currently OU grow) very rapidly In fac, these days we? (end) earliertoday eversince everysootten for ver 1Smilon text messages every minute! Platforms such as fromtimetotime inrecentyears nowadays ‘Twitter, *-___(alzo/contribute) to texting having become such onceinawhile recently rightaow since seecenia par hc lbertaeh the day before yesterday these days 6 Read Watch out! and explain the difference 9 SPEAKING Complete the sentences with your own ideas. inmeaning between sentences a and. 21 Iwas talking toa friend the other day when 2. Nowadays, more and more people are keeping in touch by WATCH OUT! 3 Bylunchtime yesterday, |had already Some state verbs can be used in continuous Per aemeaeatiteren( meena or ©: Read the question and a temporary action. watch the video. Say what the speakers answer. Then in pairs, ask and answer the question. How has sacial media changed Mark appears to know a lt about apps. Eres Gio coiain esta b Lynda is appearing as Cinderella in the ‘new school play next week. 1a Shehas|ots of online friends. We're having a really good time in Greece. CI can use the present and past tenses to talk about different actions. | 51B READING AND VOCABULARY 1 SPEAKING In pairs, look at the photos on page 7 and discuss the questions. 2D ise any of these films? Do you enjoy ims about aliens? Say why. ou think would happen if we ever made ith extraterrestrials? co 2 CRITICAL THINKING Read the article and study Active Reading. What opinions about the contact between hhumans and aliens does the author express? How far do you agree with him? ACTIVE READING | identifying the author's opinion 1.2 tex, the author presents his/her point of view on and different arguments to support that view. + Writes often use opinion verbs and phrases to signal theirposition, e.g feel... think... n my opinion. et. + Sometimes they express their views more subtly by using modal verbs, e.9. We should... It must be. et. + They may also use phrases of probability, e.0. Maybe... Possibly. et. + Youwilloften find the author's main message towards the end of the article Remember that you can form your own opinion, rather ‘than unerticaly accepting what the author has to say 3 Read the article ag: 1. How can the author's opinion ofthe Voyager Golden Record best be summarised? a tcontained the perfect selection of items. twas very challenging to put together. € thas succeeded in communicating with aliens. 4. Itwas too focused on one or two cultures. 2. According to the author, aliens 2. probably only existin films and books. b are statistically likely to exist. € are certainly out there somewhere 4 have picked up our messages already. 3 What does the author think about the possibilty of ‘communication between humans and aliens? a Aliens would be intelligent enough to work out 2 means of communication b Cuiture diferences would make communication impossible. € It would be ridiculous to try and communicate with aliens. 4 Aliens would assume that humans couldn't understand them, 4 What does the author believe might happen if humans made contact with an alien civilisation? They might treat people as a lower form of life. b Itmight bea complete waste of time. € It might lead to the destruction ofthe world. 4 They might help usto develop as a species. ‘and choose the correct answers. Study Active Reading again. Which modal verb: phrases of probability and expressions of opinion helped you to answer questions in Exercise 3? Match the highlighted phrasal verbs from the article with their definitions below. To receive (a broadcast). To cause something to happen. To tell someone something you think they don’t know. To see something with difficulty. Ta destray something completely. To successfully communicate a message/an ides. To explain something very clearly. Ta meet or find something by chance, To solve a problem. 110 To understand and remember something you are told. 6 complete the sentences with the phrasal verbs from the article, in the correct form. 1 Iwas embarrassed when he that |had made some basic spelling mistakes. 2 Itwas cloudy, but he could still the distant star. BI an interesting article about space exploration the other day. 4 Technology has we live, 5 That's what I've been trying to toyou, butyou wan'tlisten! 6 Ittookme ages to. the telescope. 7 You don't understand? Do Ihave to__ what! mean? 8 Arewe actual signals, ors itjust random space noise? 9. When the Europeans arrived in Mexico, they brought, disease which ____15 million Aztecs. 20 After the discussion, Tim realised thathe anything she said. He was completely confused! many changes in the way exactly how to use 7 SPEAKING In small groups, ask and answer the questions. 11 How do you think extraterrestrials might differ from us? 2 Whatcouldwe learn from them if they visited our planet? 3 Should we be scared of communicating with aliens? Say why. REFLECT | Culture In small groups, discuss what you would include ina message to send into space like the Voyager Golden Record. What do you think represents the best of human culture? @e warcs ano nersecr Goto page 162, Watch the documentary cetting through to animals and do the exercises. 6 | Cllcanidentity the author's opinion and talk about life on other planets.MAKING Qi By Danny Exeter For centuries, people have gazed at the stars and wondered if there could be other beings out there. If so, how could we get ‘message to them? In the 1800s, people experimented with ‘érawing enormous symibols on the ground, which they hoped could be made out from space. But ever since space travel became ‘possible in the later part ofthe twentieth century, people have been Jooking for more sophisticated ways to make contact. In 1977, the Voyager spacecrafts were launched into space, each carrying a copy of the Voyager Golden Record, a twelve-inch ‘gold-plated disc, with sounds and images intended to introduce the human race to any extraterresrials that might fin it. But how can you possibly get across to an alien cilisation what it means to be human ‘and to live on our planet? Among other things, the Voyager record ‘contained an X-ray of a human hand, an image of a street in Pakistan, clagrams of the structure of DNA, greetings from Earth in fifty-five languages and ninety minutes of classical, popular and traditional music ‘racks from around the world. More than forty years later, Voyagers 1 and 2 are still sending back vital information about outer space but, as far as ‘we know, the messages about humanity have not been passed on. ‘You might assume that this is because aliens are simply something we .wil only ever come across in movies, but you'd probably be wrong. In fact, ithas been estimated that there may be as many as two billion potentially habitable planets in our galaxy alone, which means that we should take the possibilty seriously. China is so convinced that we will soon make contact, ‘that it has invested billons of pounds in building the word's largest radio page 172 @ 229 complete the conversations with no more than ‘three words in each gap. Listen and check your answers. Ben where wauld you live if you cauld tive anywhere in the world? 1 ___agoad question isntit2| don't think {ve ever really thought about it before, Hmm Somewhere a bit warmer, quess Yes,?____ too much rain inthis county isn'tthere? hyes, there is. But| wouldn't want to live somewhere too hot. mean, in some counttiesit canbe 45 degrees in the summer. That would be unbearable,*__? Actually, used to live in Dubat + your bet*___ really hot, wasn't? Bolling! But we had air conditioning, and a pool That sounds great. wouldn't mind living somewihere like that, actually. Meg Ben Meg Ben Meg Ben Meg ra Move up,¢_?Ireally need to sit down! Kate Have you been dancing? Ira Yes, love the music they're playing.’__? Kate It'snot really my thing, actually. | find ita bit boring. Ira ?But everyone loves this band,?_? Kate Not me. Ira Youhaveno taste in music then, Kate Erm, seriously? Ira Oh, sorry, 'm being a bitannoying,**_? Let's stop talking about music then, ™__ kate Yes, think that might be best! SPEAKING In pait Goto page 196. and role play a conversation. Mae et eceuer os1E LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 1 THINK BACK How good are you at identifying emotions? In pairs, look at the photos and discuss what emotions you think the people are feeling. Use the words from the box. annoyed confused frightened furious nervous sad surprised thrilled 2. Match the adjectives below with their synonyms in Exercise 1, Which of the words have a stronger meaning than their synonyms? 1 terrified frightened 5 tense 2 astonished 6 ecstatic 3 exasperated 7 bewildered 4 livid 8 devastated 3 complete the sentences with the adjectives from Exercise 2. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. 1 t'mcompletely__about my exam results -I never thought 6 do so welll 2 He has no idea how he got home last night. He feels, completely 3 Shewas absolutely cheated in the exam again. 4 She felt very___as she waited for her job interview. 5 He's that someone will find out his secret, 6 Nothing is changing and he is becoming more and more ‘about the situation, when she found outhe had 4. inpairs, talk about occasions when you felt some of the emotions in Exercises 1 and 2. Give reasons for your answers. what le emotional intelligence? Which of he ideas 1-9 do you think are related to this term? Discuss in pais. 1 C1 Being aware of your own emotions Cseing able to reason and problem-solve. Being able to manage your emotions. Cgeing able to feel and show empathy. Di geing able to remember information. Ti being able to motivate yourselt. Lbeing able to deal with conflict i Being able to manipulate people's emotions. Ci eing 2 good listener. 6 @1.20 tsten toan interview and tckthe ideas in Exercise 5 which the speakers described as. being related to emotional intelligence. 7 @1.20 tisten again and complete the sentences vwitha word;a phrase ora number 1 ne piece of esearch showed that people with highemotionainteligence eammedS_—— more than those with slow £9 2 Emotional inteligenc isnot éiferent omg 5 ane way to become more self-awareistowrite a 4 we need to learn now to recognise our negative emotionsinordertobeablet— them, 5 Other people cannot make us feel a certain way wearelaigely_ for our own moods 6 ody language suchas___can demonstrate thatyou are listening 7 Acivelistening can also help youto avoid , which is, 8 SPEAKING In pairs, discuss the questions. 1. Which aspects of emotional intelligence do you think you are strongest at? 2. How could you further improve your emational Jnteligence? What could be the benefits? 9 SPEAKING in groups, discuss the best way to approach the situations below. Think about how you could use self-awareness, manage your own ‘emotions and listen to and empathise with the other person in the situation. 1 Aclose friend has started hanging out with 2 different group of friends. You get the impression that they are avoiding you. You feel hurt, and quite confused about what's happening, 2 Your brother or sister seems quite depressed. They rarely come out of their room and when you ‘try to talk to them they just grunt. You're getting a bitworried. Ian identity specific information in a radio interview and talk about emotional intelligence.1F SPEAKING 2. @1.11 uistento sxshort conversations. whatisthe Trin emotion each speaker expresses? Why id eath ponte feel hat? 2 complete the Speaking box with the phrases from the box, outafhere! I'm feeling a bitblue, artoroken. I'mworried sick about ‘chad itup tohere with 3 weight off my mind. SPEAKING | expressing emotions Expressing anxiety sbeen keeping me up at night. Expressing relief breathe a sigh of relief now. Thank goodness. Expressing annoyance and frustration is driving me up the wall! really gets on my nerves. Expressing surprise or disbelief You've got to be kidding met Who would have thought it? Expressing sadness F'm feeling a bit down in the dumps. Expressing enjoyment or happiness im walking on air! Ican‘tstop smiling! 3 @ 1.212 ustento sicstatements. When you hear a beep, choose and say a suitable response from the Box. Idon't blame you. Iknow, right? ''m really pleased for you. I'm so sorry to hear that What a pain! What's the worst that could happen? 4 Replace the underlined words with phrases from the Speaking box and suitable responses in Exercise 3. 1A \'mextremely cancemed about my cat -she isn't very well That's awiul.t'shorrible when a pets sick Ive got to give a presentation in class next week Vm eally nervous. 've been worrying about ita lot B There's noneed to worn, You'll be great! [A My parents are taking me to Florida this summer. B dant believe you You lucky thing! a a po Yes, 1m so happy. \'m completely fed up with people gossiping behind my back B I don’t blame you. i's awful 5 A /finally finished my Geography project. B That must be a relief for you. 5. inpairs, role play the situations. Student A, read the instructions below. Student B, go to page 200. STUDENTA In pairs, role play the two situations. Use language for expressing emotions and for responding from this lesson. 1 You can't decide what subjects to choose for your final year at school. You're really worried about this, Tell yur friend how you feel. 2 You di badly in your exams. Tell your friend how you feel For each situation which your partner describes, respond according to these instructions. 11 Express your happiness atthe situation. 2 Express your surprise and pleasure. [I can use fixed phrases to express emotions. ) 11.gba re 1G WRITING | An informal email 1. Discuss in groups. Which of the following forms 2. Read the email and answer the questions. Sabet lta ee 2 what has Scarlett been busy with recently? communicate with different people in different way: 2 Why is Maisie likely to be interested in news Give reasons for your answer. aa Mp wales ‘emailing messaging through social media phoning 3 what three questions does Scarlett ask Maisie? texting video calling writing ale ———— 3 whatisthe relationship between Scarlett and Maisie? What words or phrases make this relationship clear? From: Scarlett To: Maisie Subject: What's up? HiMaisio, Long time no see. How are things? | was sorry to hear that you've been il. Hope you're feeling better now? ‘Things have been pretty busy here. I've been rehearsing for a musical, Bugsy Malone, which we're putting on ina few weeks’ time. You lke musicals too, don't you? I'm playing the part of Blousey Brown, which is a pretty big role, so It's loads of work! I'm really enjoying It, though I'm sure I'llbe terrified when | actually have to step out infront of an audience. We're expecting over 200 people! BIW, | saw Janie the other day at a party. She said she was working hard for her exams, and that's why she wasn’t keeping in touch with you. Hmm ... '™m not sure I believed her, someone told me that she was livid with you for having moved away. How ridiculous is that? k's not ke you could help it, is it? | wouldn't let it keep you up at night, reckon you're better off without her if that's how she feels. Great news about you getting into Oxford University, BTW. Wow! I'm dead impressed. I'm stil hoping to get a place at Sheffield University. Actually, I need to speak to one of the tutors about the course. Do you think | should email her, orring her? What's the best way to communicate? What else? Well, we're all off to the coast for a few days for hal-term ~ sun, sand, sea, and sleep. 'm exhausted! What kind of holidays do you enjoy best? ‘Anyway, | guess I'd better go and get on with some revision for my exams. :( Give my love to your family, Take care, Scarlett j4 complete the writing box with examples from Scarlett’s email. WRITING | an informal email Organisation * Startwith a friendly greeting, e.g. Hi/Hi ‘+ Mention your last contact with the other person, e.g longtime* How are?__?/Haven’t seen you inages. ‘© Mention any news fram your fiend, e.g. was sorry to hear that... + Cover each topic in a separate paragraph, ‘* Finish with a friendly, informal goodbye, e.g. Well, that’s all for now. /Hoping to hear from you soon./ Can'twait to see you!/Give my’__to.../ Take*___/love,/Best,/Cheers, Informal style ‘© Use contractions, e.g. Hope you're feeling better. ‘+ Use more informal quantifiers and intensifies, e.g, whichisas____ bigrole,/'m* impressed./ it's*__ work, ‘+ Leave out the subject and auxiliary verb ifthe meaning is obvious, e.g. Great news about you getting into Oxford University;Reckon you're better off without him, * You may use question tags and rhetorical questions, e.g. You like musicals too, © ?___ else? 5 match the interjections 1-9 with their meanings a-i. In pairs, take turns to make statements and responses. A Iwon the lottery! B Yay! Data 4 Qamm. 7 Owow Coops! 5 OPhew! 8 Cl vikes! 6 Cluck! 9 Oray! That's amazing! l(orsomeone else) made a small mistake, © Now| understand! d I'mcross or frustrated @ I'mnotsure, f That'sscaryor worrying. 9 That's brilliant news! Congratulations! h Whataretief! i That's disgusting, 1 2 3 Clargh! a b 6 study watch out! Then choose the sentences which are correctly punctuated. Give reasons for your answers. 1. a Ibiza isa fabulous holiday destination because it’s warm, sunny and a lat of fun. bb Ibiza is @ fabulous holiday destination because it’s warm sunny and a lot of fun, 2 a Actually, !'m pretty sure she had the lead role in ‘the show, b Actually I'm pretty sure, she had the Lead role in the show. 3 a My cousin Jacques - the French one - is coming to stay. b My cousin Jacques (the French one) is coming to stay, WATCH OUT! We use commas * after the greeting, and also after we sign off, 2.9. HiAl, * after introductory adverbs, e.g, Well, However, Suddenly, Meanwhile, * to separate a series of three or more words or phrases We use * brackets and dashes to add extra information or make ‘a comment on what you have just written ‘exclamation marks to express emotions ‘© multiple question marks or exclamation marks to put more emphasis informal writing) 7 Read the email from a seventeen-year-old boy to his friend of the same age, Rewrite it to make it more informal. Use the phrases in the Writing box. To: Hany ‘Subject: Personal update Dear Sir, | hope that you are quite well? it has been quite a long time since we last made contact. You will be surprised to hear that | was able to pass all of my exams. | foe! greatly relieved. | was quite convinced that Ihad made a great number of mistakes. [will shortly be going on holiday with my parents to Madeira. | am afraid that it may be a itle tedious as | believe that only rather elderly people tend to holiday there. | would much prefer to go to Ibiza and go dancing with you. | am convinced that we would enjoy ourselves greatly My parents would rather eat out in nice restaurants, particularly seafood restaurants, but | greatly dislike ‘seafood. Do you? The thought af it makes me feel alitte nauseous. Please do tell me in your next email what your holiday plans are. Kind regards, Stefan ‘8 REFLECT | Society some people believe that ‘the younger generation is losing the ability to ‘communicate face-to-face or in any depth because of the rise of messaging online. Do you think there is any ‘truth in this point of view? 9 WRITING TASK Write an email from Maisie to Scarlett, in response to her email in Exercise 2. ‘© Share same recent personal news. ‘+ Answer the questions Scartett asks in her email ‘= Ask Maisie questions about her musical theatre show. (can write an informal email. B4 REMEMBER MORE 1 two verbs collocate in each case, Cross out the wrong verb. ‘Then check with the word list. 2 You've got to lea how to release / cary manage your emotions positively 2 it’s unlikely we will ever deliver / make / establish contact with aliens 3 Thearticle aims to convey / process / spread animportant message. 4 Idon'twantto came /get/ tum Into conflict with anybody, 2 complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs ‘of movement. Then check with the word list. 1 Loffered her a coffee to the ice, 2 Whyareyou. down my throat? Calm down, 3 I don'tthink Ann and Tim itoffwhen they met. guess they don't have much in common, 4 lam on ait! | passed my driving test! 3 complete the phrasal verbs with prepositions. Then check with the wordlist. 1 figure__(how to do sth) 2 point ____(mistakes) 3 spell__(howto do sth) 4 pick___ (signals) 5 strike (a conversation) 6 speed____{your plans) 4 write synonyms (ending in-ed) foreach of these adjectives. 1 totally confused - b 2 intelligent ar made in acomplicated way-s____ 3 extremely upset- 4 annoyed-e ACTIVE VOCABULARY | Phrases When you lear phrases from the word lists, you may divide them into groups according to the way they are built, For example, find all. phrases with prepositions (with, off, up, et.) lke in Exercise 3 above or words that collocate with ‘the same noun, lke in Exercise 1 AGRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY Os: best sd bul eas ern bur oe) capture (pel cenyaressgs is rey come ligt i a. cette ont ‘communicate face-to-face kaimiurset fers to fer convey a message /anver 2 meses eliver amessage for 9 mest essential (a) sen ‘establish contact with sb 9 sabe stay kontakt ‘get aresponse (get 0 1spons ‘90 out (ight) ou ot (las) hal.) he Ingenious (a) ness kagp/stay in touch with sb ster tay m9 sambot {ose contact/touch with sb (Ju kontakt 9 sambodi/ ‘maintain contact with sb /mernjem kontakt v0 samboci make contact with sb mest kontae wid sambodt ‘means of communication ire 90 amjuinckerfor ass on a message [poss on 3 mend rapialy (a6) rep) rare(ad) (ro! share knowledge /je> nobd3/ since the dawn of ime jeans 00 'doin ay aur smoke signals (0) /smavk signal speedup (ot) spit ap! spota problem /spot » problam/ spread the message /sored ds meds stayin toueh je: tal text (els) ‘ext messaging / tekst mesa 1055 (0 tos turnout (pr) tin set) withouta doubt jnaBavt 9 dav 1B READING AND VOCABULARY allen chlisation sin sxalazexan assume (0) sm assumption (n) osienpfon/ being (bis bition (num) Peo brand-new (2d) brand ng! bring about (phy) bn about by chance jbo come across (phry) erm aicos! diagram (0) /éarsor=n/ stant (a) ston enormous ac) o:mas estimate] fesomst evolve (y/o entraterestial ad) ekstotareseia fearsb/sth (va sabodt saan) figure out (ohr /figar aot gaze (i) ge getacoss (pry) get akeos siven that /onan xt gol6-plated [ad /a20id plea) habitable (20) Phbotabal hazardous (2) hazados) hight ety rt any humanity (0 hjutmsent humankind (9 /hjuimaritarnal, insurmountable ) ansemmavntabal! launch into space />:nf ants Spe Linguist (in) Pungo ‘make out (oh v) mek at nuisance) sons ‘outer space (n}/avto Spe pass on (phir) pos tv physicist (0 lek up (phr¥ pt 9 point out (pir) pant ‘aut! process (y} /provses! puttogether (phrv (put tigets) ‘alo dish freiciou i) Fandom (36) frendorn real (n rel ridiculous (2) /tcijolos) sophisticated (36) sofistiexe spacecraft Sperstrostseecies(n) siz! spallout (ph) spel act! sty (20 sperior (sj (sueprva) ‘st ‘kein oh) (tern eal (25) Natal? seine out hv) arp aot! acvocaButary @ 5.3 approachable (20) /9provtjbal! se acr035.a5 [ph /kon alos 32! Sment onsth oment on sameuy) ‘eeate abond/connecton set 9 bone ‘Se questions at sb /far3 kwestonz at jumbo! ‘Sends fore ren f af et wordin edgeways [get 9 Wess in ese $= (somebody) an impression jar (swnbodl) sempre Aovealaugh /hav 2 tot! save the last word /)ov 00 jsst wad! ‘seitotf (with somebody) jt 0 2 simbod)/ imscere (ad) /ansin'so/ ‘sere down sbsthroat [mp aun ‘senbadi Wout) Stzomething drop Jet samo raph ‘moke favourable impression /yneik2 snake sal talk mest sr ay compliment pet» komglomant/ ‘patsb on the spot /putsimbodl on 62 spat) ssike up a conversation staik 999 ‘ake tosb tek > sambool/ ro Grammar @ 5. akcondtening je nf annoying om) bet oe pot hot i et faye) have (no) tastein sth 2v (nao) wists carn! cenbearable (ad) /anbe=rabl 3 LUSTENING AND VOCABULARY @s5 annoyed (a) sho) apparent (2c apart astonished (a) aston be canscious of sth bi konfas av saan) bewildered (2d) wld denen jaws jeri >) confused (24) fanz devastated (ad) /devestert) cecstate (ad) stmt ‘emotional intelgence /imaefanel miteloons/ ‘empathy (7) fempa6i 9 (emotional quotient (ni: iu (,mavjonst "wroufont!| exasperated (30) /gzaspareatid/ ‘xed (ac) st getinto confit get ants komt runt 0) 1 (intltigence quotient (n)/ar iu: LanteladgonsTevaofont iid (ac ov od (no antl plece of research (ps av rts problem-solve(v) ps putoneselfinsb’s shoes /pot warsef an sembodl Juz! reason (v)/iizan/ release negative emotions is iegat meofens/ self-aware (20) /sef wes) self-awareness (1) se wesnas significant (2) /sigrtikont! snap (v) /snp/ take responsibility for sth fai nsponssbit fa sary) tense (a) tens! terrified (a) eran ‘tilled (a0) forte toalarge degree/extent/tu 2 o:a3 dict stent 1F SPEAKING @) 5.6 annoyance) joan! anwety zat) be fed up with sth fed ap a8 sandy! be heartbroken /ihoxtbrovkany be worredsickaboutsth bw ok abaut samen blame s for sth bier abo! fa sun breathe asigh of reli ri 9 sat av nil) bbe concerned about th /b fanto:nd abaut samen disbelief) sbi) ‘drives up the wal craw samba a> a wl! feel blue fl blu ‘eel downin the dumps 2 dam getonsb’s nerves /get on amboslnaaz) getoutot here /get ‘aut ov Jul have had itup to here with sth hav ad top ta ha a8 sammy) keep sbup aight ip sambod ap 3t pat relief) alk on alr 2k 09 6) ‘weight off (one's) ming /wext vf (vara) maind) 1G writing @ 5.7 be better off eta if bbe dead impressed (i ded zm'prest! be oft convinced (26) konvanst) cross (ad) hos! halter (n) past tar lead rote id aul) toads of work faz av wk! tong time no fon taam pao sil nauseous (20) /no15) utonamusial pvt‘on 9 mj reckon (rekon! rehearse (y) rts) relieved (2) rv? step out (onrv} /stepaut/ tedious (ad) fvcias! tutor (n) /tut/ 1516 VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR 1 complete the sentences with the words from the box. ‘There are four extra words. amy contact getacross hit itoff impression laugh passon realbond strikeup tookto 1 we 2 Wecreateda Ifelt like I'd known her for 2 year, notan hour. 3 | don't usually like someone immediately but I really a 4 My grandparents are really funny. We always have agood__. 5 It'ssometimes difficult to a conversation at parties with people you don’t know. 6 The canteen will be closed tomarraw. Can you please the message to the others? 2 complete the second sentence using the word in bold so that it means the same as the first one. Use no more than five words, including the word in bold, 2. found it hard to understand what the physics teacher \was talking about. FIGURE found what the physics teacher was talking about. 2 You must explain your idea very clearly so he understands. SPELL You must your idea so he understands. 3 Mary has drawn my attention to a problem, POINTED. Mary a problem to me. 4% | couldn't process so much information. TAKE 1 allthe information, 5 The arrival af aliens could cause panic. ABOUT The arrival of aliens could 3 choose the correct words to complete the text. I'm a very good student, so was realy ecstatic / devastated when | found out 'd failed an exam. Iwas really *ivid/ down in the dumps while my friends who had passed felt like they were walking on air! genuinely felt Sthvilled {heartbroken for them but at the same time | was ‘hazardous / bewildered as to why | hadn't passed. Iwas exasperated / worried sick too as had to tell my parents. Then the head teacher called me. She apologised and explained there had been a terrible mistake. Ihad come top, not bottam! What a weight off my ‘nerves / mind! 4 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. 2 've been talking / talked on the phone all afternoon, 2 Urgh, that is sounding / sounds awful! 3 Lam thinking / think that young people generally spend / pa broblem solving A format email srammar@ documentary © n of ‘dystopia’ and discuss the questions. 2. Do you enjoy reading books, watching films or playing video Let's be honest. We may have seen some improvement in poverty and crime figures in recent decades, but why ‘essume that this pattern will continue? I'd argue that for most people life is actualy unlikely to get better from ‘Advances in robotics and arifcial intelligence will not only drastically reduce the number of unskiled jobs available, but will also eliminate semi-skilled administrative jobs which can be done by a computer. By 2050, young people {graduating today will have been trying, and failing, to get {permanent jab for most of their ‘working’ lives! In twenty to thirty years time, a few lucky people will be rich and the rest of us will be much poorer than we are now. Within twenty years, people will have stopped fighting cover cil - *we'll be fighting cover waler instead, as global heating is certain to lead fo water shortages in many countries 2. Read the magazine article about two different visions of the future. Which textis dystopian? Which of them is closest to your opinion about the future of our world?Future forms for predictions 9 @1.13 complete the article with the phrases from the box. 3 THINK BACK Look at two predictions from the hen letenond diese texts. Which verb form is used when there is islikelyto mean is unlikely willbe eating will be living some evidence now forthe prediction? willdefinitety have to_willhave willhave been working 1 Driverless cars are already a reality and are willhaveswitched willhaverisen will probably taste ‘going to become commonplace in the next few years. 2. Afew lucky people willbe rch and the restof HOt hein Lee eit SU Ae us will be much poorer than we are now. At the turn of the twenty-first century, the population of the Match the undertined phrases (1-4) inthe world was just under seven billon people, but according to article to these tenses. the United Nations, by 2075 that gure ~~ to more than 5 nine bilion. This? that we will need to use more and a Ci Future Perfect simple mare land for housing, especially as it is predicted that by 2050 b Liruture perfect Continuous Sees ieee tone © CiFuture continuous Itis obvious what impact this “__on the environment as ‘more and mare trees are bound to be cut down to make way ee mets te Senses oat In Eis tothe) for houses, We will aso need to produce more and more food explanations 1-3 below. nde tht eu be ale to procs enough mes 1 Clanactivity in progress ata specific time to feed all those people without further damaging the natural inte re Shuenmen Outestnghabes®-—erange 2 Dlanactivity which will be completed by Luckily, scientists are already working on alternatives to 2tpectc time ihe future meat such sets rast poten may sound 3. Clanactivity which continues up to a specific disgusting, but in a few years, all of us. itt In fact, point in heute most scot seve 2003 ne™— complete to Cheap syne meat neh” "nal he sl ng hoase the correct answers to complet the Chir Witon wha works fer company deveoning ata ; reas 8 the end ths yore on te projec 16) 205 sftarewillbeable/wit ave ben __artenjenrs gover ha tie Move sen edie able to predict traffic jams before they even developments. It’s now almost impossible to tell the start, difference between our artificial meat and the real thing.” 2 Ina ewyears ables won test ryore They witl be / wil have been replaced by 10 Read the sentences from the articles on page 18. Which 2 pojecin romyouraaie highlighted proses reer to cause andwniehte eee? 3 By the time today's young people retire, they 1 This may be dueto better education. will be working / will have been working for 2 Asalresultof better nutrition and medicine, young people seventy years or more. today are likely to live until the age of 150. ‘4 I don't think we will need / are going to need 3 Global heating is certain to lead to water shortages. posswats nate because compute il be able to recognise our faces. 11 Rewrite the sentences in Exercise 10 using the phrases from 5 Ina few decades, everyone will be growing / ‘the box. You can rewrite two of the sentences in several wal wilhave been tounge oun oogon tre MW Ras eas GAS Te a See 6 In fifty years, we are all going to live / will all be living on Mars because we wil have destroyed / will have been destroying our own planet. 12. PEAKING in groups, complete the sentence beginnings with alae ‘ your predictions for the future. Explain your choices. Look at the underlined phrase in the sentence. 12 By 2089, 4s Ahundred years from now a 2 Bythetime! 5 infitty years’ time, 3 Within ourlifetime... 6 Bythe time this school a almostdefinite b probable € improbable year ends, Technology is also making our lives easier and this trend is bound ta continue as we develop ®s Read the prompt and more waysto use it ‘watch the video. Say what Find four more examples of structures using the speakers answer. Then in be + adjective + infinitive in the articles and pairs, complete the sentence. decide how definite the authoris. Bythe time rm 66, |willhave Grammar Reference and Practice > page 174 Read through the predictions in Exercise 6 again. Inppairs, discuss how likely you think they are to happen. Use phrases from Exercise 7 and the article to explain your views. Cit can use a variety of forms to talk about future predictions. | 192B VOCABULARY | Threats to the environment What do you think happened? What impact did it have? 1. inpairs, look at the ‘before and after’ photos. . | 2 @21.14 complete the compound nouns with the ‘nouns from the box. Then listen and check. effect emissions energy erosion fuels . fumes layer loss rain scarcity species turbine heating waste 20 ) Cilcantalk about threats to the environment. 1 8 ozone 2 endangered 9 renewable 3 exhaust 10 soil 4 fossil 11 toxic 5 global__ 12 vehicle 6 greenhouse 33 water 7 habitat 14 wind 3 PRONUNCIATION Read the compound nouns in Exercise 2 aloud. Is the stress on the first or the second word for ‘each compound noun? Underline the correct word. 4 @1.16 study active vocabulary. then tisten again and check your answers to Exercise 3. Practise sa\ the compound nouns. ACTIVE VOCABULARY | compound nouns compound noun is made up of two wards. Usually the firstpartof the compound tells us the type or purpose of the secand noun, e.g, climate change (climate tells us ‘what type of change we are talking about). ‘©The irstword can be a noun, adjective or a verb, butthe second word Is always a noun, e.g. climate change (noun, noun), industrial waste (adjective, noun), swimming pool (verb, noun) ‘© When both words are nouns, the stress is always on the first noun, e.g. climate change. When the fist word isan adjective ora verb, the sessis on the second ward, e., industrial waste. 5 Complete the sentences with compound nouns from Exercise 2. 11 Average temperatures around the world have risen by 155 degrees in the last century, almost certainly asa result of _ 2 Eighty percent of the energy we consume is provided by which pollute the atmosphere. 3 Deforestation causes__ because tree roots are no Longer in place to bind the earth together. 4& itis claimed that___ from cars kill twice as many people as accidents caused by vehicles. 5 Up ta 300 homes can be powered byone__, using 6 ___isthe greatest threat to to extinction. 7 Forsafety reasons, containers underground. 8 ____ damages buildings, forests, and kills fish. 9 By 2025, around 1.8 billion people are likely to face “asa result of climate change (mainly droughts ‘and floods). which are close must be stared in sealed 6 REFLECT] Culture In small groups, make a listof at least three environmental issues for each ofthe categories below. Then choose one category and present your choices to the class. Give reasons for your answers and say what people could do to deal with these problems. 1. The most urgentissues to deal with 2 The issues where it would be easier to change people's behaviour 3 The issues which most affect people living in poorer countries. Go to page 163, watch ‘the documentary The plastic whale and do the exercises.2C LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 1 SPEAKING In pairs, look at the photos and make a list 5 study Active Listening. Then match the phrases for of weather-related vocabulary to describe them. signposting 1-10 with the functions a-f. Which of the types of weather have you heard about 1 Drm going tobe talking about... or experienced recently? tobegin with, ... when, in reality,/in fact, Dinother words, Di The second thing that people aften seem to think is, Dithefactis that Ci then there are the people who C...whereas Dsimitarty, 10 O50, tosum up, .. sequencing an argument b indicating that the speaker is going to paraphrase what he/she just said € indicating that the speaker is going to argue against what he/she just said d introducing the topic e concluding f indicating that the speaker is going to give another example ACTIVE LISTENING | understan ‘signposts’ are words or phrases thathelp you to follow what a speakeris saying, especially ina presentation or lecture. They can also indicate how something relates to what has already been said, 19 signposting 2. Make more weather-related collocations, using the moans Harn the Bowe 6 @1.15 Listen again and complete the notes with no floods heat humidity rain snow temperatures weather winds ‘more than three words in each gap. 1. The percentage of scientists who believe that climate change is real s about. 2 Tounderstand changes to climate, itis necessary to 2 bling _—_/__ 5 ah Tokai ahernanincare eater cre, i i 3 itis possible that warmer weather may actually cause 5 gale-force. 7 soaring ___ 4 Inthe past temperature changes were gradual and ‘Ea _—— 8 sub-zero__ caused by natural factors such as solar activity and 9 torent BR aa te ere 5 indi developmen ave been spon 1 iat pobime co sien waster condone ae pe ee 2 Doyouthink that theweatherischanging?ifso,what — write carbon dioxide may elp plans o grow italso 7 causes freak weather which destroys: 3 Look at some arguments people make about dimate 7 Higher temperatures may benefit people living in change Bo youthnknes tay anime tamper ay + Maryse enythateimatacngsinte3. 7 ger soutyn groupe, dente questions * The temperature is actually cooling rather than . a mona 1 oayeutinkeenteangein dinate ane weather aceon Crete ee te are due to natural or human causes? Do you find the beings, it’sjust a natural temporary change in efoumments ig the Lecnire Conc Og yn fash 2 islimne change someting natyou wor 000? Sayan + “inne range hasmoreposivehen neste effects. y bs a 3 What do you think individuals can do to make sae! 4 @115 tisten toa lecture about climate change myths and facts, Does the speaker agree with any of the arguments in Exercise 37 CI can understand signposting in a lecture and talk about climate change. a22 2D READING AND VOCABULARY 1 inpairs, ook at the photos on page 23.what do you ‘think all these creatures have in common? 2 Read the article on page 23 qui the creatures have in common. 3 Read the article again and match questions 1-10 with paragraphs A-t. Each paragraph may be chosen more than once. In which paragraph does the author 1 Cisuggestthat a creature's natural detence mechanism makesit more vulnerable to humans? 2 Di tell us what kind of creatures get the least funding in terms of research and preservation? 3 Clexplain how the behaviour of a particular creature protects the environment in which itlives? Ditell us about a creature whose body is perceived as useful by some humans? 5 Cimentiona belief that a particular creature might dea good/bad sign 6 Clexpiain how creature's physical features protect iffom an extreme environment? 7 Cexpiain why wildlife conservation institutions often choose certain animals to represent them? 8 Cl mention thata specificcreaturehad disappeared completely rom the wild before being brought back? 9 Cidescribe an animal thats very different from others inits cass? 10 Di mention that one o the species slike to become extinct asa result of chemical pollution? 4 Write the highlighted words from the article under the correctheading. Animals | Parts of the body | Adjectives to describe a creature L 5 Complete the collocations from the article with the correct words from the box. Then check your answers inthe text. chemical critically extinct natural poisoning 1. Animals that are classified as ‘endangered’ are atrisk of becoming 2 Lead islife-threatening and requires immediate care. 3 Tigers ~ the largest living cats on Earth - are at the top of their food chain so they have no __ predators. 4 Potentially harmful pesticides are used to kill pests such as insects, rodents, fungi ar weeds. 5 The orangutan, black rhino or Amur leopard are ___ endangered which means they are facing an extremely high risk of extinction, ly and find two things Complete the short texts below with words from The io} UT=MU ated (ed ‘The blue whale is the largest (and noisiest!) animal on the planet, but with less than 25,000 of these creatures: left, they are oriticaly * Blue whales are * animals, preferring to travel alone or in small groups. ‘They have few natural?___other than man. Nowadays, they are a protected species, but they are sii very much threatened by habitat loss caused by pollution and global heating. ur 7 pygmy. tarsier Until 2008, the tiny pyomy tarsior was assumed to be "nobody had seen one for many years before ‘a team of anthropologists found a small group in the mountains of Sulawesi Island in Indonesia. The animals look very cute and®__, with what looks like @ permanent smile. Unlike larger tarsiers, they have® __on their hands and feet, rather than nails possibly to help them climb the slippery trees in their damp environment. SPEAKING In groups, discuss these statistic. What can be done about the situations? How could less popular species be ‘marketed’? 1 In the last 500 years, human actvty has caused the extinction of over 800 species. 2 One in four mammals, one in eight birds and one in three amphibians are in danger of extinction. 3 Inthe UK last year, the government allocated £5,735 per vertebrate species, £95 82 per plant species and £432 per invertebrate species for research and protection. ‘SPEAKING Work in paits. Go to page 196. Prepare a presentation. Di Iean identity specific details in an article and talk about endangered species.EY NEED SAVING WU HEY NEED SAVING i! O11 y Think of an endangered species. What comes to mind? The giant: panda, the blue whale, the snow leopard? And what do these Ereatures all have in common? They're known as ‘charismatic megafaune’, in other words, large species of animals which appeal toa lot of people. It's no accident that the symbol of the World Wide Best poole po eae (oF both, and of course we all want to save them. This popularity enables organisations such as the WWF to raise much-neecled money to support a range of critically endangered species and protect their habitats. © However, less well-known or ‘exciting’ creatures are far more likely to actually become extinct because they don't get enough attention from researchers. Invertebrates (animals without a backbone) make up over ninety percent of all the creatures on Earth, but get only a tiny percentage of the money available to protect our wildlife because people just don’t connect to them in the way that they do to a tiger or an elephant. ‘And what about those creatures that many people would find positively ugly? The Ugly Animal Preservation Society's mascot is the blob fish, voted : the world’s ugliest animal. With its tiny eyes, big mouth and slimy pink body t's far from attractive. This marine creature lives deep in the ocean, where the & pressure is very high. As a result, thas tiny fins and no skeleton, which keeps 1 from being crushed by the water pressure. Unfortunately, when fishing boats sweep the ocean floor, looking for other fish and crustaceans, these fish can get swept into the nets accidentally, which is causing their numbers to drop. The California condor is another accidental victim of human activity. These huge birds with bald heads and big beaks weigh up to fourteen kilos, have a wingspan of up to two metres and can live as long as sixty years. They play an important role in the ecosystem by feeding on dead animals, thus preventing the spread of disease. Reintroduced into the wild after becoming extinct, other than in captivity, they are now under threat once more because of chemical pesticides introduced into the food © chain and lead poisoning from the ammunition used to kill the animals they feed on. The threat faced by the pangolin, however, is far from accidental. They are more often targeted by poachers than any other animal in the world. Unique among mammals, it is covered in scales, like a reptile. They may not look very cuddly or cute, but these scales are highly prized in traditional Chinese medicine, which has caused the population of pangolins in China to fall by up to ninety-nine percent since the 1960s. However, there is no research evidence that the medicine actually has a beneficial effect. Pangolins are a type of anteater. They have no teeth, but their claws are strong enough to dig through concrete. Their name in Cantonese means ‘the animal that digs through the mountain’. They are easy to catch because when & threatened they roll up into a ball, Their scales protect them from their natural predators, which cannot bite them, but i's simple for a poacher to just pick them up. Other creatures become endengered precisely because people find them aly. Take the aye aye for example. Found only on the island of Madagascar, the aye aye «is the world's largest nocturnal primate. During the day they sleep in nests in the trees, Coming out to hunt at night. They are solitary creatures, fury, but strange looking, with big eyes, large ears and long, thin, pointed fingers. The middle finger is particulary thin and they use it to gently knock on trees. Then they reach into the tree and pull out any insects that respond to the knocking. Unfortunately, the way they look means that they are tracitionally considered an omen of bad luck. Some people even believe that if they point that thin midale finger at someone, they will die. GLOSSARY ‘As a result, they are often killed, even though, like many endangered species, poacher - someone who illegally they are now protected by law. catches or shoots animals predator - an animal thatkills and eats other animals reintroduce - bring an animal back to an areaafter it has not existed there forsometime wingspan - the distance from the end of ane wing to the end of the other24 2E SPEAKING 1 inpairs, took at the notice for a competition. can you think of an idea that could help your school to protect the environment? 2 @1.17 oto page 197 and study some ideas forthe Competition in Exercise 1, Then steno. student committee discussing the ideas. Which idea do they finally choose? 3 @1.17 complete the speaking box with the words from the Box. listen to the conversation again and check your answers, fence finger grab mind second spot tack wha with SPEAKING | problem-solving Expressing indecision 'm torn between ...and I'mon the+___(about) 'mhaving?___ thoughts. can't make up my?__ On the one hand, ... but on the other hand, can't put my* ____onit, but. Expressing agreement You're’___on! That's*__1 was going to say! Absolutely! Expressing disagreement Itdoesn't” _me. Ithink we're on the wrong * That's good point, but 0k, but another option might be Seriously?! Reaching a decision So, let's make a decision on this Okay, so shall we go*__ Itlooks asif we agree that... 4 @x.28 complete the disc you have an idea help our school better © CD environment? uy 3 Up to £1000 available to help sur idea off the ground! in with phrases from the Speaking box. listen and check. Sam Which poster do you prefer? Milo |don'tknow.'m*___this one with the waterbottle, and that one with the bright colours. Jess can't put?___, but the one with the water bottle doesn't? Milo Maybe it’s just not as original? Sam_ | don’t think this idea will really inspire people to take part. It takes a lot of effort to remember to bring in a reusable bottle. We need to think about how to motivate people to doit, Milo That'sa* ___, butmaybe that depends on how we present the concept? Jess Yes,you're*__, Milo! That's why we need a poster that really makes an impact. Sam_ OK, let's make a decision on which poster then. Will the one with the bright colours? Jess Yes,itlooks’____thatoneis the best idea, In pairs, discuss the ideas for the compet in Exercise 1 and reach a decision. Use the language in the Speaking box. Insmall groups, took at three posters on page 197. Choose one of the posters, giving reasons for your choice. Use language from the Speaking box. iI can use fixed phrases to express indecision, agreement, disagreement.2F GRAMMAR 1. inpairs,tookat the infographicand discussthe questions. 6 ))1.20 Look at these sentences from the recording. 1 Do these statistics surprise or shock you? Say why. ‘Then read the rules a~d below and complete the 2 Do you ever consider environmental issues when CE buying clothes? Say why. 1 So,|__setup a small business recycling and customising denim. THE CLOTHING INDUSTRY 2 eT selling them online once | have enough items <4, ating prosuton doubled om 2000 3 |___startworking ona projectto design a shop “10 2014, and the number of garments window display. A purchased each year by the average 4 it___ gon display tothe public at the beginning consumer increased by 60 percent. ofnextweek 5 So,|____get an expert to come in and talk to the Consumers keop clothing items about whole school about the topic. half as long as thoy oi fiteen years 6 it___at7 pm atthe auditorium. ‘ago, throwing them away ater just seven or eight woars We use these phrases to talk about the future: a forplans, we can use be planning/hoping to + infinitive CacHUSE CASE Making one kilo of fabric ar Be thinking of» gerund generates an average b for thingshappening very soon, we can use () cof twenty-three kilos be about to+ infinitive of greenhouse gases! € fortimetaled events, we can use be due fo + infinitive d for formal or official arrangements, instructions or commands, we can use be to + infinitive 2 Ou isten to three students talking on a radio programme. What projects are they involved in? Grammar Reference and Practice > page 174 3 @ 1.19 tisten again. why are denim and cotton bad for ‘the environment? How is Erin planning tosellherdenim? 7 Look atthe rules in Exercise 6 again. Choose the correct How is lanie hoping to change people's opinions? vverb forms to complete the mini-conversations. Jon I've decided, !'am going to give up / will give up Future forms for plans and hopes buying new clothes for a year. ‘Amy Really? Why's that? 4 Match the examples of future forms from the recording Jon {think we all buy t00 many clothes and with the explanations a-e. | am thinking / am hoping to save some money 1 H1maoina to tun them into pairs of shorts aswell. 2 Lisend me the details... and [iltakea look 3 Ci Shellibe explaining how to understand the labels, Mary Why are you still awake? oon lothes. Emma_ The online sale starts /is about fo start at 2 a.m. 4 CO Lmmeeting her next week to finalise the plans. Mary Are you really “planning / due to stay up that long? 5D itstarts at 7 p.m. in the auditorium. Emma _ You're right. | think have / will have a nap now a to talk about an action thatis expected to happen in and set my alarm for 1.55 a.m. the normal course of events Mary You're crazy! bb totalk about a timetabled or scheduled future event € totalk about something which has already been BFS ERG or chee masa ac decided 1 Anitem of clothing you're about to buy. | 4 totalk about a future arangementwith another person 2. Aproject you're hoping to complete soon. € totalk about a future action decided at the moment 3 Anexciting activity you're doing his weekend. of speaking 4 An event which is due to take place in your town 5. inpairs, discuss the palrs of sentences. Explain the eee diference in meaning, any. 5 Something youre goingto dowhenyouhave 2a 'mhaving lunch with Josie tomorrow. bb J'mgoing to have lunch outside taday because the weather's lovely, 2 a Which platform does the tain leave from? The train will be leaving soon. Hurry up! 3 a Sorry about breaking your favourite mug. ll buy you anew one, ! promise. bb s'm going to buy @ new coat this afternoon. Di Ican use a variety of forms to talk about plans and hopes. | 2526 2G WRITING AND VOCABULARY | A formal email From: Sean Bright yesterday at 20.13, To: Customer Service Subject: Reduce plastic! Dear Sir or Madam, ‘am writing to draw your attention to a pressing problem to which your stores are contributing significantly by their use of non-blodegradable plastic packaging. Like many others, *am deeply concemed by the huge quantity of plastic used to package items which simply do rot require it. We are told that since the 1950s the world has produced 8.3 billion tonnes of plastic, of which around seventy-nine percent has been thrown into a landfil or lft as waste in the general environment. °Itis essential that we all take immediate action to prevent this. Much of this plastic is a result of unnecessary packaging. It's vital that this is reduced as much as possible. Some ‘supermarkets have managed to cut the amount of plastic packaging by using sustainable cardboard instead of plastic, or simply by removing unnecessary plastic from tissue boxes, pizza boxes and other items. | would ask you to investigate alternative forms of packaging for your products as a matter of urgency. Inthe meantime, perhaps the quickest way to start to tackle this problem would be to sell rut and vegetables. without any extra packaging, creating a plastic-ree aisle, where customers could use paper bags or their own reusable containers. Around a third of consumers say that they base their buying decisions on ethical practices, 0 providing an opportunity to buy frut and vegetables plastic-free could help you to win over a large number of new customers. ° | urge youto consider these possible solutions very seriously, and do everything in your power to reduce the ‘amount of plastic you use in packaging, to protect the future of the planet. ook forward to your response. Yours faithfully, ‘Sean Bright 1. inpaits,lookat the photos and answerthe questions. 2 Read Sean's email to Customer Service. What problem 1 Inwhich photo doe vegetables tok more does he describe and what three solutions does Zopealing? Say hy, he suggest? 2 Wat environmental problems do you think the 3 ESS See lal AT CAUSE Read the email again. Do you think that the problems and solutions the writer describes are likely to persuade the reader that something should be done? Ci Ican write a formal emailComplete the Writing box by matching the sentence beginnings 1-12 with the endings a- ING | Aformat emait Greeting and signing off 2 Ciityou know the name of the person, Di ityou don't know the name ofthe person, Di ityou start a letter Dear Sit/Madam, 1 ifyoustarta letter with the name of the person, run \d the letter Yours sincerely. start the letter Dear Sir or Madam or Dear Sir/Madam, start the letter Dear Mr/Mrs/Ms Smith. a > « @ end the letter Yours faithfully. ‘Structure of the email (or letter) 5 Clinthe introduction, 6 Clinthe main paragraphs, 7 Ciinthe final paragraph, 8 (before you sign off, ask the recipient of the email/letter to take some action, state the problem(s) and offer some solutions. mention that you expect a reply. state your reasons for writing. Formal writing conventions 9 Cbon'tuse contractions, e.g 20D) Avoid using phrasal verbs, e.g. 21 Ci) Make points less personal/direct by using passives, e.9. 12 Li make your tone less direct by using hypothetical constructions, e.g i use reduce rather than cut down on, J useWe are told that rather than Some people say. k use| would ask you to rather than Please 1_ use! am writing not!'m writing. S Read the email again. Match the underlined phrases A-Dto the categories below. Giving your reasons for writing | am writing to express my concern about pe ae mca |am writing with regard to Explaining why the issue i 2 | am extremely worried that | find it unacceptable that Itis for these reasons that! important Making a point forcefully apo Sh ere The situation cannot be allowed to continue. Call to action/asking for action would askyou to 4 would be grateful if you could 6 the sentences in a more formal style using the words in brackets. | heard that plastic litter in the sea is harming more than 600 species. (estimated) 2 t's important to look after nature. (vital) You've got to stop using plastic packaging! (urge) 4 5 alLthe best, James. faithfully) {1m realy bothered by the amount of plastic we use. (concerned) 6 Get rid of plastic packaging! (banned) 7. 'mwriting to tell you how bothered | am about (express) 8 YoU should look into other options. (ask/investigate) 9. I'simportant to do this right away. (essential/action) 210 You must do this very soon. (done/urgency) 7 Match adjectives from box A and verbs from box B to sentences 1-4 to make collocations with the words problem and solution. A complex ideal fundamental minor realistic significant simple workable B address dealwith face implement offer provide 11 1am writing to draw your attention to a pressing / pany means eee TOwLEM 2 However, probably the simplest way to tackles =a {this problem would be 3 would suggest that this could be a(n) viable/ SE ATH MRSS ON 4 Acommittee might be able to devise / 1 {___asolution to the problem. 8 SPEAKING Read the factfile below. s the situation similar in your country? Can you think of any other solutions to the problems caused by this type of coffee cup? 9 WRITING TASK Write a formal email to a coffee shop chain in your country. Describe the problem of josable cups and urge the chain to take action. Use your ideas from Exercise 8 and the language from this lesson to help you. The problem The UK uses 2.5 billion paper coffee cups fer year ~less than 1 percent of them are ‘recycled. The cups have a plastic coating which can only be recycled at specialist units. Possible solutions * The cups could be changed so there is a plastic lining which can be detached. * Customers could pay a fee to ‘rent’ a reusable cup and get the money back when they return it. * Cups could be made of something edible, like an ice cream cone, * Customers could be charged extra if they don't bring ‘their own cup (rather than getting a discount if they do).28 REMEMBER MORE 1 complete the statements with words from the word list in the correct form. Then decide which statements are false. 1 C1Japan isa country with one of the lowest average lifee (84.2 years). 2 CAsimple and effective way to reduce vehiclee__ isto drive at steady speed. 3 Cisugarhasab. effect ‘onthe brain ithelps us learn faster and remember more, 4 Cleachyear, over 140 million pound's warth of clothing isthrown away and ends upint__ 5 Oo. plastic cutlery and straws are on the way out. There are plenty of eco- friendly alternatives. 2 Make coltocations, using the verbs from the box. Then check with the word list. draw express _go/become make tackle A extinct 2 ___animpact 3 concer 4 ___aproblem 5 attention 3 write words or phrases with ‘opposite meanings. Then check with the word list. 2 vertebrate 2 sub-zero temperatures ~ 3 drop steadily -__ & single-use 4 complete the phrases with the correct adjectives formed from the words in bold. Then check with the wordlist. changes GRADE puppies FUR possibilities COUNT flowers EAT energy NEW 1 2 3 4 5 5 othe task below. ‘write your own quiz imilarto the one in Exercise 1 above. Find some interesting facts and write 4 true/false sentences with the phrases from the word list. You may challenge your classmates or publish your quiz antine, 2A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY Ose vanes nah avast teat sth tnt tna aria tetigene feds asa consequence/resutof /2z 2 konsohwons rent ov! bbe bound pi! baond tl be dueto/ai ju: ‘be Ukely/unkety to bi ania ta) be sureto it bing about (phry) ban abant cause») ol countless (a) aura! rivers car fran obs kos drop steady op sted stop (0) stoop dystopian (2) st ace sth fxs sa ‘ight oversth fast awe sama ve set sth rane sam 00 human eror(n) (human eral Improvement () /sn!prusmant! Increasingly [a snes key tason / 09) leadtosth id to, samean/ Ute expectancy (0) la skspektons ution (n) /ojuctnfan/ ‘obvious (ad) /obvias permanent(ad) /p:manont predict (vic projection (0) pradzekn reduce (y) /sjus! reduction (n)tdafan) result from/insth zl romin wean) semisilled job /semishilé 6300/ steht synthetic poten inet prt) unskilled job sl 6306) water shortage(o) wot tds) ‘with any luc 8 i ky 2B VOCABULARY @) 5.9 acid rain (ns etd bind sth together ezine sandr tgedo/ deforestation (7) /forstexon endangered species ndesnded ‘piiz! cexhaustfumes figs fume! cextinetion (0) ssunfor {orsafety reasons /o eit yizon2) Aossituel (9) os sus slobal heating (sisal ity greenhouse eect) /ginhavs fet habitat ssn) /hebatt tos! Industral waste instil West ‘ozone layer(n) fouz5un Jers! pellute (1) provide sth (v)forvard samen renewable energy ruil en sealed container /ssd lantern) soll erosion /s 120300 storey): threat tosh (0) ret ta say toxic waste (1) tsk west vehicle emissions (nist majonz! water scary (n) aa shea wind turbine n) wn 2¢ LISTENING AND VOCABULARY @s10 Benet) est amboa blistering heattemperature (star i tempratf carbon dloxide (1) /cxbon datos) Freak anther ik wet sale tre wd es na areas ores. sreesowse gus rnin 5 beste hit we ey sow ai re aoe ‘humidity (n) justi’ (dae shomply ane Jaro ‘coin tempat son emp senting (a): sears ako savant temperate sa Yer temporary ac ener ‘eer foe en variation (0) /yerPexor2D READING AND VOCABULARY Osa1 allocate) fakes amphibian (1) /emtibn/ anteater(n) Penta anthropologist (n)/2rs}poadsst appeal to sb (up 2 samba backbone (0) /bkboun/ be under threat bi anda ‘ret bakin) bi become/goextinet /axhargou isnt beneficial ettec bens sla! blue whale (0) bi: wel temic pesticides mula! pests daw (0 concrete (neon ‘conservation (0) konssvefon/ crtcally endangered ijl iderndzad/ crustacean) keto cuddly (2d ch amp (ad) /demp fence mechanism (n fens mekanizor feed onsth (ptr ska ‘on swan fin(o food chain vd Yer) fury (2d) getswept get snept/ highy prized (ad) (has rane Incaptivty on kp twat In danger of extinction in desnds> sksunhfan/ Invertebrate (0 invstabeat lead poisoning (n) led poxzarany makeup (hry) mek ¥p ‘mammal n) fara matin (a) main) ‘megafauna () /rmegatsa) natural predator /nstoralpredata/ nocturnal (ad) nk ocean oor jaofan So: amen (n)203n Pangolin()} /oasjgouun/ poacher (a) peut) preservation) /prezaverien prevent sth) /privent sain primate (n) /praxmes pygmy taser (a) pxomt sia ‘alse money jex2 mai reintroduce (vy) iantesus! reptile) /reptat research evidence isi evans scale (0) she skeleton 7) elton slimy (2) sax) slippery (2d) stor solitary (2c) Solotorif spread of disease sod 3 ci toxic waste (0) /tokik west vertebrate) /\tabrat vulnerable (ad) /\ainarabal water pressure (0) wa pre) wingspan (0) vanspeen/ 2E SPEAKING @) 5.12 be on the fence (about sth) /bion 8 fens (abot samen)! be onthe rght/wrong track /b ono rant wal bespaton /hi spot-on betombetween btn bugwir geta grant get» grant! sgetyouridea ofthe ground (gets ao of 02 grand) go with (phrv) gee Wa arabs orb sambocl have second thoughts sv sekand Os make dedision mei 3 cst ‘maken impact /metk an pat ‘make up your mind mek po and putyour finger on something pot j2Yinge on sn reusable ad) /rijuszabal! single-use (a) sang uz 2r Grammar @ 5.23 aura 0 stor average consumer /avord3 Konsu:moy othing item (jou ‘customise (v lastomaz/ ‘ator denim) enim double) faba garment (1) garmon ‘generate (v)/ssenorest) ‘on display fon der! purchase (x) pss setup abusiness tip 2 xz window display (0) window csolen 2G WRITING AND VOCABULARY 1 addres problem adres 2'probarn) aslo) al! appealing (adi) /pitn/ asa matter of urgency faz 9 tar ov scsonsif ban(y) ben biodegradable (a) (botaudsgresdabal bothered (a) /bodad/ harge sb(V) ands simbod ‘ut down on sth (pir) Jat Wau on satan deal with a prblem ( 'pebam/ ‘ake immediate ation tik ymilot fn) tissue box (n) yu bos! turgesbtodosth fds, sambod du svn lable/workable solution /varsbal)wskaba| ‘sohufor with regardto sth 8 ego to wnVOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR 4 complete the dialogues with the correct future forms 7 : of the verbs in brackets. Complete the sentences with the words from the box. pitas There are three extra words. Ra WOES Bath (hope torch my univers projet acid biserng bollng erosion Weak eco Meera gay on ne eve the Pet fornia “tabi. vere 2A meyourendyye?Tequess(te) soon, = ne Ne dimassevene doce 2 The eater isrealy wei, ts cold one they (eome) at elht ot seen. Don pane! 2 ollion nthe mosphere resus in__ra 3 A hat doyoutinko the new weather ap? 3 Soil____happens when the plants and trees that 2 CE Sees fe EEN ta ty lateron, iSepitinpace ore dest ved by he element of man —— te 2 & The____ heat caused the pavement to melt! aa UE I ous ” roan aha MNCA I pone weee staal eee oy & goed way of educa. emsions iso promote the production of electric cars, which don’t SE. OF ENGLISH produce harmful exhaust _ 7 Because of global heating, _weather conditions 5 complete the second sentence using the word in bold {are more common with periods of drought followed so that it means the same as the first one. Use between by ___rain ‘two and five words, including the word in bold. 8 Below average rainfall can result in water 1 The lecture is going to start soon. ABOUT 2 choose the correct words to complete the sentences. De ae eed 2. t'sbeen so hot taday that it’s very probable there will 1. My dad works at sea. They sometimes catch slimy / ti Se eg ey beastormhere. BOUND soaked marine creatures by mistake, as well as fish! 2 Afish's scales /fins help itto move through the water I ee ay ee ace inthe right direction, 3 The bridge was closed because of gale force winds. TO 3 tisn’t easy to take a good photo of an owl. As they The bridge was closed __ are solitary / nocturnal, they are much more active 4 itis probable global heating will be worse in ity, at night! years. LIKELY 4 Poachers | Predators capture rare creatures which are Global heating in fifty years. sometimes endangered / extinct, and sell them for 5 We have arranged to meet on Thursday morning. alot of money. PLANNING 5 Lead poisoning / Pesticides used by human beings not _on Thursday morning, nly kill harmful insects but other creatures as well PCE aaa Geek este rear) 3. Look at the underlined expressions. Tick (v) the correct, pape wo BIS ones, cross (x) those that are wrong and correct them. Global heating ___ freak weather in many parts of 1. | hope earn so much money by the time pea i'm 40 that | won't need to wark anymore will have earned CL ei 2 This time next week, you are going to give our presentation about climate change but you won't have finished yet! 3 Some scientists think that by the end of the twenty- first century we will be discovering(_]a cure to many serious illnesses so probably we are going to live] alotlonger. _ 4 Im certain most people in the future will have driven electriccars. just hope itwon't bel Jtoo late for the environment 5 Bysix o'clock, they will be working for(_]twenty-four hours non-stop to clear up the damage caused by the flood. Extra help is certain to arrive[_Jsoon. _LISTENING 6 @1.21 Youare going to ear sixshort recordings. Read questions 1-6 and the possible answers en and choose the correct answer foreach STRATEGY | multipte choice ‘© Read the questions and underline key words. Decide tan the focus of each question, so you know what you're listening for. ‘+ The task may include questions where you have to decide ifthe speakers agree or disagree about something. Remember the speakers may agree about some issues but disagree about others. ‘* Before you choose the answer, listen to the whole recording, 1. You are going to hear a radio weather forecast. What does the presenter announce? hurricane is about to cross Britain, b Theweather will get better. ¢ Temperatures are below freezing everywhere, 2 You are going to hear two friends discussing TV documentary. What do they disagree about? a Thata TV programme about GM foods was interesting. That GM crops are necessary. © People aren't aware what animals eat 3 You are going to hear two friends talking about something, What are they discussing? which animal to sponsor b which animal photo to put on a website © which animals are in the greatest danger of extinction 4 Youare going to hear a woman talking on a radio programme. What is the speaker's purpose? a toreview afilm toreview abaok € toexplain her vision of the future 5 You are going to hear a student talking to a teacher. Why did the student choose this volunteering project? a Itwas recommended to him, b twill help him to learn people skills. ¢ He would like to work with animals. 6 Youare going to hear a young woman talking about ahobby. How does she feel about it? a She finds t boring, b She finds it addictive. € She would like to be better att. SPEAKING 7 Alocal youth group is organising a talk for teenagers called The future is almost here. The group has asked you to help them to decide which is the most interesting topic for teenagers. Talk about the possible topics and then decide which is the most inspiring. STRATEGY | coltaborative task Try to keep speaking rather than finish your discussion early, Show that you can use a range of vocabulary and ‘grammatical structures. Recycling The future clothes of the of plastic. future! WHICH TOPIC ISTHE MOST INTERESTING? Getting around |_| theweatherin What will in 2050: the ourtowninten | | webe eating future of transport. twenty years from now? years' time, 8 Now discuss these questions. 1. Doyou think transport in your town or city will be the same in twenty years’ time? How mightitbe different? 2 some people say we will eat pills instead of food in the future. Do you agree? Say why. 3. why do people buy clothes from second-hand shops? 4 Doyou think it’s a good idea to ban plastic containers? say why, WRITING 9 Yousee this leaflet about the proposed construction of a new road. You agree with the objections and decide to write a letter to the council. Say NO now! The Council has proposed the construction of a new road link to the town centre to improve access and help businesses including shops. Itis a BIG MISTAKE! + It will increase levels of noise pollution. * Vehicle emissions will rise. * It will damage both the environment and tourism. Write yourtetter. a1Do you ever watch inspiring or motivating short talks online? Why do you think they are popular? Discuss in pairs. Look at the list of popular topics for motivating talks. Which would you like to watch? Say why. Listen to two students talking about giving talks. One of them recently gave a motivational talk for the first time. What did she learn from experience? 4 @1.22 complete the advice inthe tte Sls boxwith one word in each gap. Then listen again and check, Planning and delivery points, i'svitalto* __with the audience. You can d this through: epin: engaging them with some* something funny, or telling a making your voice sound” using* ___aids and pr5 @125 © swaten ortstentoienny,a student, aiving a presentation, Answer the questions. 2 what does Jenny sayis the key message of her ‘alk? 2: How does she make the beginning oferta memorable and engaging? 5 what personal stories does she tel? 4 What the prop she u aid why does she use 6 @x.26 study the ie sits box. Then listen to four extracts from Jenny's presentation, Write the number of eath extract next othe etoricl feature she uses. Some extracts relate to more than ane pot. Mee ERY sentation (2 Using rhetorical devices Rhetorical devices are techniques used by a speaker to make their language or arguments more persuasive or convincing emotion People tend to respond to emotional language, or an appeal to their emations Ci Rhetorical questions Athetorical question is asked to make a point, rather than tovgetan answer. Ci quotations Awell-selected quotation from a famous person can give your argument more weight Repetition The repetition of a particular word or phrase, usually something which caries a key meaning Otipting People seem to respond to information in threes, so speeches often list three similar things, or make three similar points. 5 towards the end of the talk, 10 11 01-02 | Rewrite the sentences following the instructions in brackets, 2 Doing well in exams requires several different things. (Think of three things and use tripling.) Hard work, motivation and determination are al required for exam su 2 thinkyou probably all agi (Use a rhetorical question.) 3 Ihave never forgotten my fi orat secondary school. (Use have never forgotten) 4 t's probably a good idea to stand up for our beliets. (Make this statement more convincing. Use emotional adjectives or adverbs. Start with if we...) 5 This issue affects a lot of different people (Think of three people ar graups of problem affects and use tripling.) 6 |'mnot sure what we should do about this. (Use a rhetorical question.) day at primary school ition by repeating 1.25 Listen to three pairs of sentences. In each pair, which sentence sounds more interesting and engaging? Say why. @ 1.26 took at some sentences from Jennys talk and underline key words (words that carry the most meaning). Usten and check which words lenny stresses, Repeat the stress and intonation, 2 dle to talkaboutthealmsand ambitions weallhave 2 Weneed to have something to reach for and to help Usmove forward 3 ityou've aot something youreally wantto do, then youshouldn'tet anything stop you 4 forasiongas can remember ve loved to swim, 5 But what they had realised wasjusthow determined was, 6 But fyau are realy pasionate about something don'tbeaftaidto tke the risk Work in pairs. Choose one of the topics below, or think of another one that you feel strongly about. Make a list of arguments and examples to support them. 1 tis more important to enjoy life than make money, 2 Developing self-discipline is essential to success in life 3 Video games are good for you. Do the task below. LIFE SKILLS | project Use your notes from Ex.10 to give a short p sentation, Prepare a presentation based on yourplan, Organise your arguments and examples into clear sections. Use the tips from the Life Skills box to make your presentation as persuasive and motivating as possible. Use some of the rhetorical devices from the Speaking box. Give your talkt the class. Think aboutstress and intonation, Listen to other students’ presentations. Notice what techniques they use to make their presentation impactful Choose the most persuasive presentation. 3334 GRAMMAR SPEAKING WRITING vibEo 3A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY 1 sPEAKinG in pairs, ask and answer the questions. 1 Look at the photas. What are the benefits of being froma small 2 If you don’t have siblings, what do you think are the {900d or bad things about being an only child? Ifyou do have siblings, how well do you get on with them? 2 THINK BACK Look at the phrases describing ways of behaving towards other people. Are these positive or negative things to do? Can you add any other phrases? empathise withsb_ fallout with sb givesba compliment. letsb down lose yourtemper make fun ofsb/sth make up with sb putup with sb/sth_ talk behind sb's back Influences VOCABULARY Behaviour, life Past and present habits, defining and non- participle clauses Use of English > page Generalising events, role models, community and poverty ning relative clauses, An opinion essay Grammar @ documentary Match the definitions 1-9 with the phrases for ways of behaving from the box. be thepeacemaker blow things out of proportion burstinto tears haveagoatsb make afussof sb mess about showoff tellsb off wind sb up To say things in order to annoy somebod To reactas if what has happened is much w itis, To try and impress somebody. To suddenly start crying, Ta behave ina silly way. To criticise someane. Ta give someone a lot of attentio To help other people resolve an argument, To speak to somebody angrily about something wrong that they have done, than SPEAKING In pairs, talk about how you get on with different members of your family. Use the phrases from Exercises 2 and 3. Do you think being the oldest, youngest or middle child, or an only chitd, affects your personality?5 Read the short texts. Which one describes an only oF oldest child, a middle child and a youngest child? Go to page 197 to check your ideas. ‘When | was ile, my parents were forever tating me off about the things Id done. I was quite naughty and {used to mess about from time to time, sure. | mean, there ‘was one time when | dressed up in my dad's clothes and ‘went down the High Street pretending to be him! It was hilarious, but my parents didn't get the joke. They took it ‘way too seriously and blew it completely out of proportion. [realy wasn't that bad as a child | just didn’t ike being ‘old what to do, and I would rebel a bitif anyone tried, ‘but | aivays did my homework and helped around the house and that sort of thing. My brothers avays showing oft. 'm not sure he even realises he’s doing it. He'll go. on and on about how ‘at he's cing a school, and everyone elvays makes i fee of him. realy winds me up, butifl say anything, ‘my parents tell me I'm being jealous. It's not fair. My brother gets attention for being great at school, ‘and my sister Is the clawn of the family. Me? I'm not really sure what my role is 'm certainly the peacemaker when my brother and sister fight. They're really loud and emotional, whereas | tend to keep my emotions to myself, really. | don't burst into tears easily or start shouting, [usually just stay quiet and go off to my room. Past and present habits 6 Look at the examples showing two forms which can beused to talk about past and present habits. Find five ‘more examples of such forms in the textsin Exercise 5. Then answer the questions below. Habits in the present My brother is alweys showing of Habits in the past When Iwas little, my parents were forever telling me off 2 What effect on meaning does using the words forever, continually or always have? 2 Whatis the difference in meaning or emphasis, between using Past Simple and used to? 7 @2.02 Pronunciarion usten to sentences about presentand pasthabts. Does each speaker sound neutral (N) or annoyed (A)? How does the intonation change? 1 5 2 chanee 3 7 4 10 11 Look at sentences a-d and complete rules 1-3 with used to or would. a Asa child, | used to spend my weekends playing with my friends. We would play all day together. | wasan only child and | used to feel bored athome ‘on my own. € On Saturdays, ! would go swimming with my dad. d |used to getup early when I was younger, but nearly always have a lie-in now. 1 We often use*__tosetthe scene, and then, when ‘the time references clear, we can use*___ for ther examples of past habitual behaviour. 2 WeDONTuse*____ to describe a past tate. 5 Weuse* to talk abouta paststate or a situation that doesn't happen any longer. Grammar Reference and Practice > page 176 ‘complete the short texts with used to or would. ‘Sometimes both are possible. ‘A When he was younger, Simon*___ play basketball. He? be quitetall for his age, but then all the ther boys caught up. Infact, his younger brother, who%____ betiny, snow quite abit taller than him, B Every Sunday, my grandmother*_bake a cake. Sometimes she* __make a Victoria sponge, sometimes a chocolate cake.|*___ love helping her.17____ try and eat the raw cake mixture, though she stop me ifshe saw me! doalotof cooking with her, but nowadays | don'tdo much atl Replace the underlined parts in each sentence with 2 different structure for talking about habits. 2 fa friend does something silly, |amusually quite sympathetic 2 ‘hated itwhen my big brother wound me up, but new I just ignore im, 3 | have.abad habit of putting things of. 4 When tied my hairin a ponytail, my brother constantly pulled it 5 \fyoushawaft, people won't like you as much. 6 When was {ite and | went ta fancy dress parties, [dressed up as a cowboy. Complete the sentences so they are true for you. 1m always... i's a really bad habit. 2 When! was little, would 3 The most annoying thing my friend does is that he/she witl ©« read the question and watch the video. Say what the speakers answer. Then in pairs, answer the question, What did you find annoying » inyour parents'/siblings’ behaviour when you were younger? i tcan use a variety of forms to talk about present and pasthabits. ) 353B LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 1. which of the life events in the box can you see in photos ‘A-C? Which of them can be the most challenging? a clash between you and a parent/sibling ‘newborn baby in the fami ‘3 row/misunderstanding with your best friend flunking an important exam relocating to adifferent town or country splitting up with somebody 2 @2z.02 tisten to the first part of a radio programme about the influence of life events and answer the questions. 1. Why does the speaker think that what happens to us, can influence our personality? 2 Does the speaker think that negative events are to be avoided? Say why. 3 CRITICALTHINKING Study Active Listening. Are the ‘extracts from the recording below facts or opinions? How do you know? 11 We know from recent findings in neuroscience, that the brain makes new connections based on what we learn from events which have happened tous. 2 People sometimes think that stressful or upsetting events shape us negatively, and joyful events have a positive effec, ut to my mind, he oppasite can also be tue ACTIVE LISTENING | pistinguishing between facts and opinion To assess what a speaker is saying critically itis vital to be able to distinguish between something thatis afact, and something that is simply the speaker's opinion. * an opinion is an individual's belief or viewpoint. tis subjective, rather than being based on evidence, tmay be signalled by the use of such words as feel, believe or think or phrases such as Ifyou ask me... / Ihave the impression that + Afactis something for which there is some objective ‘evidence which can be checked or verified. It may be signalled by a phrase such as The data shows... / The research indicates... 4@ 2.03 Listen to the rest of the programme and make Notes for the four speakers: Dan, lla, Daisy and Ben. 1 What was the life event? 2 How was it stressful? 3 What influence did it have? 4 What did he/she learn from it? Ct ean distinguish between opinion and facts ina radio programme and talk about life events. 5. @z205 ustenagainand choose the corectanswers. 11 What prevented Dan from doing well at secondary school? ‘a He wasn't being challenged enough by his teachers b He wasn’t very academically gifted ¢ He was friends with people who didn't pay attentionin class 2 Which of the following is an opinion and not a fact? a Coliccanhave a variety of causes. bi Colicis usually worse in the evening and at night, € Lying flat makes colic more of a problem. 3 What was the hardest thing for Daisy when she went to school in Germany? ‘a Struggling to communicate with people. Leaving her old friends behind in the UK. € Notbeing treated well by the other kids. 4 The bullies stopped teasing Ben because ‘athe new pupil defended Ben. b Ben grew taller as he got older Ben learnt to ignore them. 6 Doyou agree with the presenter that stressful or upsetting life experiences can have positive outcomes? Inpairs, discuss your ideas. 7 impairs, read the underlined phrases in the extracts from the recording and discuss their meaning. 1. He helped me to see that this attitude really wasn't doing me any favours. 2 This experience really changed me because | saw that even when things don'timmediately go my way, that doesn’t mean that they won't turn out to be positive inthe tong run. 3 And now, | speak German pretty well, so 'm really glad | kept trying, It's taught me the value of sticking atsomething, 4 When first went to secondary school, |had a really hard time. | was quite small for my age and the bigger kids used to wind me up about it. 5 |leamta lat from watching how he handled the situation, and pretty soon they'd stopped teasing me aswell. 8 SPEAKING In pairs, add more life events to the list in Exercise 1, Then decide which of them might be the least or most diffcult to deal with. Say why.3C VOCABULARY | Personal qualities and behaviour 1. impairs, ask and answer the questions. MarkZuckerberg Emma Watson Neymar Junior Serena Williams George RR, Martin 2. Which of the people in the box da you recognise? What are they known for? 2 Do you admire any of them? say why. 3 What personal qualities do you think they possess? 2 Inpairs, decide if the adjectives in the box are positive or negative. Are there any which could be both? 3 @2z.06 listen and match the definitions you hear to ten of the words from Exercise 2. 4 Complete the sentences with the remaining words from Exercise 2, 1 He's really __j always telling everyone haw great heis. 2 she'sso_j she's determined to get what she wants. 3 He'sso___thathe refuses to accept anyone who thinks differently rom him, 4 She'sreally_ about animals; they're so important toher. 5 He's quite___; you would never know that he's a big star 6 You can'tsay anything to criticise her at all or she gets angry; she's so 7 He will look after your dog well; he's reliable, responsible and completely__- 8 She can deal with the most difficult situations; she's very. 5 complete the description of Meghan Markle with adjectives from Exercise 2. Meghan, the Duchess of Sussex, has been an ambassador for more than one charity, and it's pretty clear that she's '___ about making the world a better place. She famously gave a(n) *___speech at the UN (United Nations) Women’s Conference about the importance of speaking up for your values. ‘Asan actor, she was used to being in the public eye, and she seems pretty? __and able +o deal with criticism without getting angry or 2 These qualities could be useful, because she has already been accused of being a*___ princess’, ‘who only married Prince Henry to become rich and famous. 6 PRONUNCIATION Match the adjectives from Exercise 2to the correct stress patterns inthe table. There are several adjectives for some of the stress patterns. 7 @ 205 usten and check. then practise saying the words. 8 inyour opinion, what makes 2 good role model? Do you think any of the people in Exercise 1 are good role models? Give reasons for your answer. Look at the words and phrases in the box. Which ‘ones could you use to talk about someone who is agood role model? 10 @2.06 tisten to kara and Jake talking about 00d and bad role models. Tick the words and phrases in Exercise 9 which you hear. 11 Replace the underlined parts of the sentences with words and phrases from Exercise 9. 2 You should be good role model for the children 2 He admired his mother and capied her by becoming a lawyer. 3 | can'tstand peaple who are arrogant and conceited, 4 Everyone has faults so don't putheron apedestal 5 The behaviour of some celebrities has a negative effect on many young people. 12. sPEAKiNG insmall groups, askand answer the questions. 2. Do famaus people have a responsibility to be ‘good rote models? Say why. 2 Who doyou think has mare influence on you~ public figures, your friends or your family? Saywhy, 3 Who could you be a role madel for? Say why. i Ican talk about personal qualities and behaviour.3D READING AND VOCABULARY 1 2 3 4 5 SPEAKING In pairs, look at the film poster. Have you seen this film? if not, what do you think itis about? Read the blurb for the book on which the film is based and check your ideas. This is the incredible true story of alittle boy who boarded a train, got lost and eventually found his way ‘home, twenty-five years later. Five-year-old Saroo found himself utterly ost and alone on the streets of Calcutta. He survived and ended up being ‘adopted by @ middle-class couple from Australia, but he always remembered his birth family. Against all the odds, he eventually located his home town and retraced his steps to find his way back to them, In pairs, ask and answer the questions. 2. How do you think Sarao finally managed to locate his birth family? 2 What do you think happened when he did? Read an extract from the book on page 39 and answer the questions below. 1 Why did Saroo's adoptive mum decorate the house with a map of India and Indian ornaments? Did Sarao Understand why she did that at the time? 2 Why couldn't Saroo find the place of his birth on the map? 3, How do you think he felt about his family in India? What evidence do you have from the text? Read the text again and choose the correct answers. 2. Why was the author so intrigued by the map of india? a Because he could imagine al the wild animals living there b Because the country was so enormous. € Because his home town was on that map. 4 Because his adoptive mather had given itto him, 2 Why did the author intially not tak much about his previous lite in india? 2 He didn't have the right words in English bb He couldn't remember much about it € He didn't care much about what had happened before @ He preferred to think aboutit on his own, 3 How did the author feel about the time he spent with his family in ingia and their neighbours? a He felt he was part of a community b He felt upset about being hungry. € He felt anxious about his sister. 4 He felt ashamed of his family’s poverty 4 what does ‘oddly enough’ meanin lines 40-41? a sadly B understandably « infact surprisingly 5 What does iin line 41 refer? 2 begging for money on the streets having to share everything € always eetingin need of food 4 feeling upset and unhappy UT ON 6 Complete the table with the highlighted words/phrases ‘rom the text. Add other words/phrases you know. Poverty keep someone company lie 7 Match the highlighted words/phrases in the text with their definitions below. For some of the definitions there is more than one correct answer. 1. Have just enough money to buy what you need, 2 Dealing with things without thinking about the future. Didn't have enough food, Sit arstand very close to other people. Asked for money or fod from strangers. Very thin. Be comfortable ina particular place. sourw 8 sPEakinic insmalt groups, discuss the questions. 121 How did the author's life change as a result of getting lost atthe age of five? 2 Why was Saroo so determined to find his birth family? 9 REFLecr | society How do you think poverty inftuences someone's life? can there be any po being poor? (57 ware ano rervect Go to page 164. Watch the documentary Long lost sisters and do the exercises. DI ean identity attitudes and feelings of characters in a text and talk about different cultural backgrounds.