CHN Midterms

AIM TO BE ON TOP IN CHN COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
JIEZEL
Community Organizing
Bringing people together to combat shared problems and increase people's say
about decisions that affects lives.
Social Movement
Collective challenges by people with common purposes and solidarity in
sustained interaction with elite opponents and authorities.
Community Development
People strengthen with bonds in their neighborhoods build social networks and
form their own organizations to provide a long-term capacity for problem solving
Collective Power
People joining together, they learn that these are not personal problems but
social and economic
They form shared legitimacy and purpose - builds confidence.
Social justice is described as

civil liberties, civil rights, protection of environment rights are secure for
everyone.
What is community identity?

Work with people to develop a sense of belonging and shared pride
What is empowerment in the context of macro practice?

Core goal of organizing have nots - to battle the haves.
What is bootstrapping toward empowerment?

Carry out an activity that has low costs but yields victory - getting a politician
who avoids constituents to show up at a meeting and perhaps convince city hall
to put up a needed stop signed.
What is learned inefficacy?

Convinces people they lack the capacity to succeed
Consciousness power
People learn through shared reflective discussions that problems are societal,
not individual.
Self-assertion
A defense mechanism where an individual deals with their emotional conflict by
expressing feelings and thoughts directly and in a non-coercive and
non-manipulative manner (healthy defense)
Framing the agenda

Capacity is expanded by putting forth an agenda that makes invisible problems
visible and in doing so combating system bias
Building power
One of the most effective ways to change organizations
Capacity building
Is an antidote to learned inefficiency, the belief that one should not try because
failure in inevitable.
Bootstrapping
People enhance their sense of self and their own abilities and understand that
together they have the capacity to bring about change.
Collective empowerment
People share expertise support one another and a community a recognized voice.
What is it meant by community?

A geographic location, bonds that people share due to ascriptives. Culture beliefs
and backgrounds, shared concerns about specific concerns, set of obligations
and responsibilities that people assume.
What are the (3) types of residential communities that are economically deprived
neighborhoods
1. Upper African-Americans live in racially mixed suburbs
2.The Primary poor, but not destitute neighborhoods in the central city which
many progressive organizers are interested in these areas because they offer the
greatest opportunity for a foundation of organized work.
3. Hyperghetto - African America neighborhood of desperate need: a) has lost
much of its organizational strength b) no collective agencies, marginal
economically c) provides basic minimal resources for social mobility.
Competition
Over use of land - seek advantage of place
Centralization
Clustering of institution and services in a central location
Concentration
Refers to influx of individuals, especially through migration and immigration, into
an urban area
Segregation
Describes how individuals, groups, and institutions distinguished by social
characteristics (race, ethnicity, social class, etc.)
Integration
Situation whereby individual with a mix of one or more of these characteristics
(white & minority residents reside in the same neighborhoods).
Succession
When on social group or set of institution is replaced by another within a
geographic area.
What does organizing involve?

Mobilizing others into action in ways that empower both the individuals involved
and their community.
Who is an organizer as a teacher?

Helps others learn how to do a wide variety of task - guide others in a gentle
non-authoritarian manner that encourages people to reflect about relevant.
Who is an organizer as a catalyst?

Canvas and arrange meetings that allow people to share problems and concerns -
work with leaders to release the power that is among them. Never ever do for
people what they do for them self.
Who is an organizer as a facilitator?
Provide follow through helping to raise funds and carry out routine tasks
Who is an organizer in a linking role?

Link their organization to the wider world - (bringing back ideas from workshops,
press, officials or spokes persons)
Goal Category
One of the 12 practice variables on social planning
Associates empowerment with information or consumers need to inform planners

about their needs & preferences so they can be incorporated into plan design.
Use of empowerment
Assumption concerning problem conditions

Community is burdened by concrete social problem conditions

Stress on task goals, focus on solving major social problems and mandated to
handle concrete deficiencies. defects and illness.
Goal Category
Basic change strategy

Getting the facts and think through the logical next steps,
focusing on gathering data & decide on empirically supported course of action,
Practitioner assembles & analyzes the facts & establish goals/frameworks,
determines appropriate service, problems, & actions, this may or may not be
done with the participation of others,
Characteristic change tactics & techniques

Fact finding & analytical skills & tactics of conflict or consensus may be
employed.
Practitioner Roles & Medium of change
Expert or technical role and community diagnosis, research skills, information

about other communities
Orientation toward power structure

Power structure is present as the sponsor or employer or practitioner Ex.

voluntary board or directors, arm of city govt. They are highly trained technical
specialist - considerable salary
Boundary definition of the Beneficiary system

A total geographic community or some area or functional sub-part.

Assumption regarding community interest or subsystems

An approach is pragmatic, oriented toward particular problem

Conception of intended beneficiaries

Consumers of services - those who will receive & utilize programs & services
Conception of the role of intended beneficiaries

Clients, consumers, recipients of service and active in using services, not in

determination of goals
asset-based development
- more a method than it is a theory of community social change
- an awareness of common interests
-approach to provide stronger ties between institutions and the residents in a
locality
Assets
physical, human, social, financial, environmental, political, and cultural
Citizen Participation
a purposeful activity's in which citizens take part in relation to government
Community
-May or may not be place based
-a group of residents acting on common interest
- territory or place
-social organization or institutions that provide regular interaction among
residents
- social interaction on matters concerning a common interest
Community Capital
human capital, social capital, physical capital, financial capital, environmental
capital, Political capital and cultural capital
community sustainability
local practices and policies and evaluate whether they contribute to the long term
survival of the social, economic and environmental base of the locality.
Conflicts
the practitioner's approach in this model is one of the organizer or advocate.
- the source of the communities problems is a lack of power
Development
Structural change in the community, especially in how resources are used, the
functioning of institutions and the distribution of resources in the community.
growth
increased quantities of specific phenomena, such as jobs, population and
income. Also refers to changes in quality, such as better jobs or more secure
sources of income.
neighborhood
refers to a specific geography, such as residential areas demarcated by major
streets or other physical barriers.
public involvement
programs initiated and controlled by the government
-purpose is to gain support for decisions, programs, and services
public participation
participation from people who aren't necessarily citizens, in activities in any
public institution of society or the government. also activities that are separate
from government
regionalism
developing and area at large instead of starting at the grassroots level
self-help
teaching people how to help themselves.
practitioners identify themselves as facilitators and help the community ID goals
and increasing capacity to participate in the solution of collective programs.
long lasting effects
technical assistance
the primary obstacle communities face concerns information.
the practitioner takes the role of a consultant. concerned with the eventual
outcome rather than the capacity of the residents
Community Action Program (CAP) made by Lyndon
-Most controversial programs of the war on poverty
- authorized to develop, conducted and administered with the maximum feasible
participation of residents of the areas and members of the groups served.
Community Development Block Grants (CDBGs)

made by Nixon and Reagan
1) benefits low and moderate income families
2) eliminate or prevent slums
3) to meet urgent community needs
one of the largest of the federal grant programs
Cooperative Extension Services

-provided an educator in each agricultural county who was responsible for
programs related to the social, economic and financial well being of rural
residents.
- able to draw on the research and expertise of the land grant system and build its
program based on the involvement of local residents in ID community needs
Country Life Commission created by Roosevelt

- major impetus to improving rural life
-changed focus from urban to rural
Empowerment Zone/ Enterprise Community (EZ/EC) created by Clinton

- objective was to stimulate economic opportunity in America's distressed
communities
- program provided tax incentives and performance grants and loans to create
jobs and business opportunities.
Fair Housing act of 1968

prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental and financing of housing
based on race, religion, national origin and sex.
Model Cities
program directed at concentrations of poor and minority households. this was
established through the Demonstrations and Metropolitan Development Act.
- act provided grants to city agencies to improve housing, physical environment,
and social services in low income neighborhoods. Worked with local government
officials
Progressive Era
time period to construct community programs to address poverty and other
social problems.
-most distinguishing characteristics was their resistance to individualistic
explanations for poverty and social disorganization.
-explained poverty and deviant behavior as results of social conditions in
communities, as products of the subcultures of these neighborhoods.
Racial Discrimination
involving actions that serve to limit the social, political, or economic
opportunities of particular groups.
ex. redlining
played an important role in undermining the War on Poverty in the 1960s
Settlement house
objective was to help immigrants adjust to their new environment. programs of
the movement provided adult education, day care centers, libraries recreational
facilities and other social services to help integrate residents into larger society
Special Impact Program (SIP)

program provided funds to community development corporations (CDCs) to
finance comprehensive development strategies.
An outcome of Robert Kennddy's visit to Bedford Stuyvesant
Urban Renewal
primary objective was to clear the slums in efforts to revitalize downtown and
attract middle class residents back to cities. Citicized for bull dozing low income
neighborhoods
War on Poverty
created by Lyndon Johnson during the 60s. Created Community Action Program,
Model Cities and Special Impact Program
Garden City Movement

Ebenezer Howard's Idea was to create cities with prominent greenbelts around
them connected by rail.
-reacted to the growth of cities and their inability to provide adequate housing,
physical infrastructure and amenities for the people who migrated there during
the period of industrialization
Habitat II
Following the Earth Summit of 1992
-convened in 1996
-Aimed to make the world's cities, towns, and villages healthy, safe, equitable and
sustainable.
Intergenerational Equity
acting in a way so that the next generations are inheriting a healthy economy,
environment and society
The Natural Step systems-based approach allow both organizations and

communities to move toward a sustainable world.
-Process called ABCD
"A" awareness building
"B" establishing a baseline
"C" creating a vision
"D" implementation phase
Resilience
the ability of a system to respond to and adapt to disturbance or change
Smart Growth
focuses on making land use planning and decision more attune with regional
efficiency, environmental protection and fiscal responsibility
Steady State- economics

pursued as an opposing paradigm to the dominant neoclassical economics
paradigm. "enough is best"
Strong sustainability
refers to restoring certain critical ecological resources to higher levels rather
than simply maintaining them at a current state of depletion.
-critical ecological resources should not be averaged over future generations
Three Es
Economics, environment and equity (or social Justice)
Weak Sustainability
refers to passing on to future generations an average capital stock.
-present and future generations should not further deplete resources
ACORN Model
based on developing multi-issue organizations that are much more political than
the alinsky model and boston model
Advocacy planning
promoted a level of public participation unheard of under comprehensive rational
planning model.
-focuses on one issue or geographical area, plans are not comprehensive and the
model attempts to bring equality into the planning process by giving poor and
disadvantaged groups a voice.
Alinsky Model
Most Popular model
-involves a professional organizer who works with existing organizations to ID
issues of common interest in the neighborhood
Appreciative inquiry
a process of IDing the strengths and successes that exist in the community.
4Ds
-Discovery
-Design
-Dream
-Destiny
Boston Model
contacting welfare clients individually at their residents and relies heavily on
appeals to the self-interest of each person.
distinct from other forms of organizing because it focuses on mobilizing people
in a specific area.
-attempts to organize workers where they live rather than in the workplace
Comprehensive Rational planning

most common form of planning
-focused on the production of a plan that guides development and growth
-aims at comprehensiveness and implies focusing on the elements/functions of a
place
Evaluation
focuses on the specific accomplishments of the process
Industrial Areas Foundation model

emphasizes the important of intensive training of organizers
-emphasizes the importance of maintaining close ties with existing community
organizations as the neighborhood is organized
Monitoring
to provide indications of whether corrections need to take place in the action plan
Obligatory Participation
initiated and controlled by government officials
Outcomes
usually much more long term and are more difficult to link to the specific
elements of the action plan.
- closely linked to the ultimate objectives ID in the visioning process
ex. decreased levels of poverty or increased levels of personal income
Outputs
usually things that can be counted that result from the action plan.
they are usually an intermediary measure.
ex. number of jobs created, number of houses built or numbers of programs
developed.
Participatory action research

advocacy tool for a grassroots, bottom up approach to community development
that purposefully incorporates participation from disenfranchised or marginalized
groups in society
Public Action
fits closest to the community development process model. activities are initiated
and controlled by citizens, with the intent of influencing government officials and
others
Survey Research
requires community member's time as well as their financial commitment.
1) face to face interviews
2) Mail surveys
3) telephone surveys
Strategic Planning
disciplined effort to produce fundamental decisions and actions that shape what
an organization is, what is does and why it does it...requires broad yet effective
information gathering, development and exploration of strategic alternatives, and
an emphasis on future implications of present decisions
Visioning
begins with a scan of where the community is heading.
followed by the development of specific strategies and an action plan the
community wishes to follow
Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)

provided steady sources of federal funding.
-part of the HOME Program
Community Development Corporation (CDC)

principle organization for carrying out local development activities in urban and
rural neighborhoods.
Community Foundation
provide philanthropic services to community residents.
Primary function is to pool donations into a larger fund to make grants for
charitable purposes
Enterprise foundation
established to develop affordable housing in low-income neighborhoods.
-has helped to develop more than 36,000 homes.
-established a financial subsidiary, which has raised more than $655 million to
support low-income housing.
Grey Area Program

part of the Ford's foundation
one of the largest most visible efforts during this period.
sought to coordinate service programs among local bureaucracies in an effort to
integrate low-income residents into urban society.
HOME Program
provides funding to CDCs
-mandates that at least 15% of each participating jurisdiction's funds be
earmarked for nonprofit housing producers.
Local development corporations (LDC)

profit or nonprofit corporation
-leasing and improving real property
-making equity investments in small businesses
-selling notes to finance projects
-borrowing and re lending money to assist businesses
-undertaking historical preservation activities
Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC)

-established by the Ford Foundation
-provides financial and technical assistance
-works with CDCs to build homes and commercial space
-builds consensus organizing which establishes social capital by building
relationships inside the community and establishing new relationships with the
larger community
Neighborhood Association
a civic organization oriented toward maintaining or improving the quality of life in
a geographically delimited residential area
Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (NRC)

provides direct financial assistance, technical assistance in developing local
lender pools or acquiring low-cost financing, and assistance in initiating
revolving loan funds.
Nongovernmental Organization
play a key role in development assistance from working with multilateral agencies
such as the World Bank and bilateral agencies such as USAID.
- a category of organizational entities created at the founding of the United
Nations. It was invented in order to describe a specific relationship between civil
organizations and the intergovernmental process, and since then the term has
been loosely applied to any organization that is not public
Special Impact Program

the first major source of federal funding for CDCs
established block grants to CBOs that would design and implement their own
development strategies
Career Ladders
creating an internal labor market across a set of employers in a community.
Demand side theorists

emphasize how changes in the structure of occupations, industries, skills and the
location of work shape local opportunities.
-development depends largely on the creation of new jobs demanding higher skill
levels
Employment Networks
lines of communication that link many potential occupants of jobs in multiple
firms with employers who make decisions to fill those jobs
Green collar jobs

jobs that directly contribute to improving environmental quality but would not
include low wage jobs that provide little job mobility
Human Capital Theory

individuals will be motivated to increase earnings, which means they will be
willing to invest in education and training necessary to improve their position in
the labor market.
-They argue that variations in earnings are consequences of differences in
workers abilities and skills
Industry
the branch of economic activity devoted to the production of a good or a service
Institutional theories
focus on the organizational support for workers and employers in the region
Internal Labor market

an employer hires entry level workers and trains and recruits workers within the
firm
Labor force participation rate

the percentage of the population in the labor force
Local labor market
the social relations between sellers(workers) and buyers (employers) of labor.
Occupation
the kind of work the employee does
-a group of job related activities that comprise a single economic role directed
toward making a living
Spatial mismatch theorists

suggests that inner city minorities experience high unemployment rates because
the jobs available within their labor market demand advanced skills and
education, attributes most inner city residents lack
Supply side theorists

emphasize the importance of the number of workers with specific skills at various
wage levels as the primary determinants of the functioning of labor markets
Workforce development
supply of and demand for labor, the matching process between job searchers and
job opportunities
Bonding Capital
bringing people together who already know each other with the goal of
strengthening the relationship that already exists
Bridging capital
brings together people or groups who did not previously know each other with
the goal of establishing new social ties to provide new information.
Institutional infrastructure
used to measure social capital
4 steps
-presence and quality of neighborhood organizations
-voting by residents
-volunteer efforts
-visibility of the neighborhood to city officials
Integration
intracommunity ties
Linking Capital
ties people to communities and local organizations
Multiplexity
the overlap of roles, exchanges or affiliations in social relationships.
-a friend that fits many roles
Organizational integrity
the institutional coherence, competence, and capacity of the local government.
affects how citizens interact with their local government and how much they trust
it
Social capital
considered an asset
-directly affects individual well being through its effects on health, happiness,
education and children's welfare
Sociocultural milieu
a way to measure social capital
4 elements
- the feeling that the community is spatially distinct
-the level of social interaction among residents
-the degree to which residents work and socialize in the community
-the degree to which residents use neighborhood facilities
Strong ties
large investments of time and energy
- helpful for gaining access to emotional support and help in the case of
emergencies
Synergy
a level of social ties that connect citizens and public officials, can affect local
development
Weak ties
basically acquaintances
- aid in finding jobs or housing
Block Grants
the federal government provides general guidelines for the use of funds, allowing
local governments some discretion over how funds are used
Categorical assistance
in which the federal government allocates funds for specific programs allowing
little or no discretion over how funds are used
Community development block grants

these grants were allocates to cities and urban counties by a formula based on
need
-over time these funds have been increasingly used for gap financing in private or
nonprofit affordable housing developments
demand side model

it is a assumed that there is an adequate supply of housing, but low income
households do not have adequate incomes to afford available units
dual housing market

the supply of subsidized housing created this, two markets operating side by
side.
- one that operates for private market units and the other for public housing units
fair housing act

enacted in 1968, legally prohibited housing discrimination on the basis of race,
religion. nationality, sex, disability status or family status
filtering
the process by which high income households buy and move into new homes,
leaving behind a house that is bought by someone of slightly lesser means, who
in turn leaves behind a house that is bought by someone of lesser means
green building
construction practices that are environmentally responsible and
resource-efficient throughout a building's life cycle from sitting to design,
construction, operation, maintenance, renovation and deconstruction
HOME
a demand side program
-operates as a grant program for states and local governments for the purpose of
increasing home ownership and affordable housing opportunities for families
with low or extremely low incomes
HOPE VI
home ownership and opportunity for people everywhere
-provided new funds for physical revitalization of public housing properties along
with supportive services
Housing accessibility
refers to institutional barriers or other issues, such as racial segregation,
financing, and local regulations, which can make access to particular types of
housing difficult
Housing adequacy
refers to the physical condition of the housing stock and its age
housing affordability
refers to the median housing costs within a community in relation to household
income. housing is considered affordable when households do not pay rents that
exceed 30% of household income
housing availability
the housing stock and its distribution by type (single, family, multifamily)
Leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED)

a set of standards for green building
-points are awarded for various practices
Physical capital
roads, buildings (houses, businesses, warehouses) and other physical features
(railroad tracks, bridges,vacant land)
public housing
direct governmental allocations, whereas private housing receives governmental
support from guarantees on housing mortgages and insurance and, most
important, through favorable tax deductions for homeowners.
Section 8
demand side housing
- private leasing program
- provided cash based housing allowance for qualifying families based on a
percentage for median housing.
Single room occupancy

were an important source of low cost housing in many downtown areas of major
cities
subprime loans
loans that are considered high risk, based on the lack of capital, high debt to
asset ration, or blemished credit history
supply side model

assumed that there isn't an adequate supply of housing
angel investors
provide money to start up businesses as long as they get ownership/equity in the
firm
Business industrial development corporation

used to direct capital to borrowers who have difficulty obtaining loans.
-structured to meet the financial needs of small businesses that fall into this
credit gap.
-make SBA loans and sell the proportion on the secondary markets
- can borrow from private sources and make non SBA loans
community development credit union

credit unions that have a geographic or associational bond in areas where most
members have low income
community development loan fund

privately owned non profit organizations that make loans to assist low to
moderate income people, women and minorities in obtaining housing and jobs.
they serve as financial intermediaries that accept loans from socially motivated
investors and reinvest in CBOS and projects
Community reinvestment act of 1978

an approach to use regulations to influence the allocation and pricing of credit
-by passing this they encouraged financial institutions to meet the credit needs of
local communities. banks are evaluated on their lending practicies
debt capital short term credit
normally credit institutions tend to specialize in providing either equity or debt
equity but not both
deregulation
one of the reasons for the growing interest in the local credit markets. banks are
able to provide a wider variety of services and charge less for services and credit.
equity capital a direct and permanent investment, such as cash or other assests
(land, buildings) in a project.
-the investor can claim a portion of the earnings after the project pays its debt
Home Mortgage disclosure act

financial institutes are not required to disclose much about their lending
practices.
-requires banks and thrifts with more than $10 mill in deposits report the annual
number and volume of residential loans and volume amount of mortgage loans
by census tract and zip code.
Individual development account

an important tool to develop wealth in poor neighborhoods
-provides savings for low income individuals
linked deposit programs

a program for minority business owners
microenterprise loan fund non-profit corporations that make very small, short
term loans for debt capital to microenterprise.
-they provide opportunities to the poor and underemployed by developing
business skills and establishing small businesses that require small amounts of
capital to operate
predatory lending
overlaps with subprime loans.
-high interest rates
-abusive conditions on borrowing
-fraudulent behavior
-loans are targeted to home owners on the basis of specific characteristics
redlining
arbitrary geographic discrimination in the granting of credit.
-seen as contributing to the economic decline of many minority neighborhoods
revolving loan fund

designed to provide financing of housing and business development, frequently
using loan terms that are not available through conventional lenders.
-funded by government programs
tax incremental financing

often used to promote development and redevelopment in an area that is not
attractive to invest in.
- a technique used to disperse costs of development to those government
agencies that will benefit from the increased tax base the project will generate
transaction costs
costs associated with reviewing and constructing an investment or loan
venture capital
an investment in high risk enterprise in the form of equity
aesthetic qualities
enhanced by selective emphasis on certain natural features, such as preservation
of a scenic waterway or the use of prairie plants, native trees, and native shrubs
in community planting
amenities
natural and manmade features of a community that cannot be recreated or
transferred to other communities
brownfields
a property, the expansion, redevelopment or reuse of which may be complicated
by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant or
containment
command and control regulation

to clean up the nations polluted waterways, air and land. at the same time
protecting the nations natural resources.
conservation easements
a tool used by land trusts
- it is a legal agreement by a landowner to protect permanently open space.
environmental capital
air, water, land, flora, fauna
environmental justice
the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race,
ethnicity, income, national origin or educational level with respect to the
development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws
regulations and policies
environmental racism
minority and poor communities face disproportionate number of environmental
problems
geographic setting
mapping watersheds and subsurface geology and their drainage patterns;
mapping geological phenomena, such as outcrops, bluffs, cliffs, glacial features,
sand dunes, and caves.
groundwater
sensitive to local contamination, depending on pollutant characteristics and soil
permeability
land trust
works to conserve land by undertaking or assisting land transactions with
landowners in order to permanently protect the natural, scenic, agricultural,
historic or cultural attributes of their land.
point source pollution

specific output from a production process that can be traced to its source
nonpoint source pollution

the most difficult to address, cannot be traced to a specific source
ex. urban street trash
sprawl
low density, often residential development on the fringe of or beyond the border
of suburban development
surface water
lakes, rivers, streams
traditional neighborhood development

occurs on greenfield sites
De-emphasizes cars, and adds retain districts to neighborhoods
Bringing people together to combat shared problems and increase people's say
about decisions that affects lives.
Social Movement
Collective challenges by people with common purposes and solidarity in
sustained interaction with elite opponents and authorities.
Community Development
People strengthen with bonds in their neighborhoods build social networks and
form their own organizations to provide a long-term capacity for problem solving
Collective Power
People joining together, they learn that these are not personal problems but
social and economic
They form shared legitimacy and purpose - builds confidence.
Social justice is described as

civil liberties, civil rights, protection of environment rights are secure for
everyone.
What is community identity?

Work with people to develop a sense of belonging and shared pride
What is empowerment in the context of macro practice?

Core goal of organizing have nots - to battle the haves.
What is bootstrapping toward empowerment?

Carry out an activity that has low costs but yields victory - getting a politician
who avoids constituents to show up at a meeting and perhaps convince city hall
to put up a needed stop signed.
What is learned inefficacy?
Convinces people they lack the capacity to succeed
Consciousness power
People learn through shared reflective discussions that problems are societal,
not individual.
Self-assertion
A defense mechanism where an individual deals with their emotional conflict by
expressing feelings and thoughts directly and in a non-coercive and
non-manipulative manner (healthy defense)
Framing the agenda

Capacity is expanded by putting forth an agenda that makes invisible problems
visible and in doing so combating system bias.
Building power
One of the most effective ways to change organizations
Capacity building
Is an antidote to learned inefficiency, the belief that one should not try because
failure in inevitable.
Bootstrapping
People enhance their sense of self and their own abilities and understand that
together they have the capacity to bring about change.
Collective empowerment
People share expertise support one another and a community a recognized voice.
What is it meant by community?

A geographic location, bonds that people share due to ascriptives. Culture beliefs
and backgrounds, shared concerns about specific concerns, set of obligations
and responsibilities that people assume.
What are the (3) types of residential communities that are economically deprived
neighborhoods
1. Upper African-Americans live in racially mixed suburbs 2.The Primary poor, but
not destitute neighborhoods in the central city which many progressive
organizers are interested in these areas because they offer the greatest
opportunity for a foundation of organized work.
3. Hyperghetto - African America neighborhood of desperate need: a) has lost
much of its organizational strength b) no collective agencies, marginal
economically c) provides basic minimal resources for social mobility.
Competition
Over use of land - seek advantage of place
Centralization
Clustering of institution and services in a central location
Concentration
Refers to influx of individuals, especially through migration and immigration, into
an urban area
Segregation
Describes how individuals, groups, and institutions distinguished by social
characteristics (race, ethnicity, social class, etc.)
Integration
Situation whereby individual with a mix of one or more of these characteristics
(white & minority residents reside in the same neighborhoods).
Succession
When on social group or set of institution is replaced by another within a
geographic area.
What does organizing involve?

Mobilizing others into action in ways that empower both the individuals involved
and their community.
Who is an organizer as a teacher?

Helps others learn how to do a wide variety of task - guide others in a gentle
non-authoritarian manner that encourages people to reflect about relevant.
Who is an organizer as a catalyst?

Canvas and arrange meetings that allow people to share problems and concerns -
work with leaders to release the power that is among them. Never ever do for
people what they do for them self.
Who is an organizer as a facilitator?
Provide follow through helping to raise funds and carry out routine tasks
Who is an organizer in a linking role?

Link their organization to the wider world - (bringing back ideas from workshops,
press, officials or spokes persons)
Goal Category
Associates empowerment with information or consumers need to inform planners

about their needs & preferences so they can be incorporated into plan design.
Use of empowerment

Community is burdened by concrete social problem conditions

Stress on task goals, focus on solving major social problems and mandated to
handle concrete deficiencies. defects and illness.
Goal Category

Getting the facts and think through the logical next steps,
focusing on gathering data & decide on empirically supported course of action,
Practitioner assembles & analyzes the facts & establish goals/frameworks,
determines appropriate service, problems, & actions, this may or may not be
done with the participation of others,

Fact finding & analytical skills & tactics of conflict or consensus may be
employed.

Expert or technical role and community diagnosis, research skills, information

about other communities

Power structure is present as the sponsor or employer or practitioner Ex.

voluntary board or directors, arm of city govt. They are highly trained technical
specialist - considerable salary

A total geographic community or some area or functional sub-part.


An approach is pragmatic, oriented toward particular problem


Consumers of services - those who will receive & utilize programs & services
Clients, consumers, recipients of service and active in using services, not in

determination of goals
Health Education
Any combination of planned learning experiences
based on sound theories that provide individuals, groups, and communities the
opportunity to acquire skills and information needed to make quality health
decisions.
Health Education
Any combination of learning experiences designed to facilitate and motivate
voluntary actions conducive to health.
Health Education
What is on the individual level: Health Education or Health Promotion?
Health Promotion
What is on the community level: Health Education or Health Promotion?
part
Health Education is a __________ of Health Promotion
Health Promotion
Any planned combination of educational, political,
environmental, regulatory, or organizational mechanisms that support actions
and conditions of living conducive to the health of individuals, groups, or
communities.
Health Promotion
The combination of educational and ecological supports for action and
conditions of living conducive to health.
Assess, Plan, Implement, Evaluate, Administer, Serve and

Communicate/Advocate
Health Educators are trained in 7 areas
Governmental health agencies, non-government health agencies, health care

settings, schools and businesses
Where can CHES professionals work?
NCHEC
Certifies health educators
National Commission for Health Education

NCHEC stands for:
Certified Health Education Specialist

CHES stands for:
Health Disparities
These are preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or
opportunities to achieve optimal health that are experienced by socially
disadvantaged populations.
Social Determinants of Health

Conditions in the places where people live, learn, work, and play affect a wide
range of health risks and outcomes
purpose
Pre-planning determines the __________ of a program.
Pre-planning a rationale
Includes preliminary understanding of the priority
population and their needs/health issues
No
Does the planning process always begin the same way?
Obvious need, Reworking and Authority

Different ways planning could start by...
- Identify Appropriate Background Information

- Tilting
- Writing the Content
- Listing the References Use to Create the Rationale
Program Rationale (Come up with an example as well)
Education, job, income

Examples of social determinants of health
- Assess needs
- Set goals and objectives
- Develop intervention
- Implement intervention
- Evaluate results
Generalized Model Steps (Come up with an example)
Stakeholders in the Planning Committee

- representative members of priority population
- content experts
- key organizational ppl
- any other key stakeholders from population
- DOERS and Influencers
Reevaluate members, create term limits and add new members

What happens if a program is long?
Decision Makers' Philosophy, Institutionalization, Financial Support and Priority

Population
Committee Planning Parameters
1. Form & Develop the Team

2. Create a Vision
3. Involve Community Members
4. Define the Population
5. Define the Problem to be Addressed
6. Investigate
7. Prioritize
8. Make a Decision
9. Implement & Continue
Steps for Conducting an Assessment
Arrange these in order and give an example:
- Involve Community Members
- Investigate
- Make a Decision
- Create a Vision
- Define the Population
- Form & Develop the Team
- Implement & Continue
- Prioritize
- Define the Problem to be Addressed
Social Assessment
Phase 1 of PRECEDE-PROCEED: What is the quality of life for the target
population?
Epidemiological Assessment
- Phase 2a of PRECEDE-PROCEED
- What are the specific health-related goals or problems important to the
population?
- Prioritizing health goals
Behavioral and Environmental Assessment

- Phase 2b of PRECEDE-PROCEED
- Behavioral: individual's behaviors or lifestyles that put person at risk for health
problem
- Environmental: social or physical factors outside person that can also influence
health outcome
Educational and Ecological Assessment

- Phase 3 of PRECEDE-PROCEED
- Sorting, categorizing & prioritizing factors
- Based on information from literature & needs assessment
with population
- These factors become focus of intervention
- Determine predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors
Predisposing Factors
- internal to a person or population and impact motivation
- Examples: knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions
Enabling Factors
- environmental factors that can help facilitate behavior or hinder it
- Example: access to resources, health care, transportation, referrals, etc.
Reinforcing Factors
rewards & feedback person may get after behavior change, which may
facilitate/hinder continued behavior
Administrative and Policy Assessment

- Phase 4 of PRECEDE-PROCEED
- Getting ready for program implementation
- Determine if capabilities & resources available to develop and
implement a program
- Developing actual work plan
Program Implementation
Phase 5 of PRECEDE-PROCEED
Process Evaluation
Impact Evaluation
Outcome Evaluation
Needs Assessment
Process of: Identifying, Analyzing, Prioritizing
the needs of a priority population
Purpose, Gathering data, Analyzing data, Identifying factors that link with health
issue, Validating needs
Steps of a Needs Assessment
Answers the question why

Primary Data Advantage
Time consuming and expensive

Primary Data Disadvantage
Saves time and money

Secondary Data Advantage
Not enough details to answer the question why

Secondary Data Disadvantage
Validating Needs
"Double-checking" that the need identified is the need that should be addressed
Mission Statement
• Describes general focus of program
• May reflect philosophy behind it
• Guides planners in program goals & objectives
• Short narrative
Objective
• More direct & immediate outcomes to achieve through program • May serve as
steps to complete towards health goal
• Give standard to gauge the success of a program
Goal
- A broad long-range statement of what you plan to accomplish
- Abstract statement of intent that helps create a vision of what you are striving to
accomplish
- Creates the setting for what you are proposing
Outcome Objective
• Ultimate objectives of the program
• Aimed at changes in health status, social benefits, risk factors, or quality of life
• Future oriented
•If these objectives are achieved then the program goals will be achieved
Learning, Actions or Behaviors and Environmental

3 Types of Impact Objectives
Learning Objectives
Educational tools that are needed to achieve the desired behavior change
Process Objectives
- Focus on all program inputs, implementation activities of the other objectives
- Helps shape/form the program
- Sometimes referred to as Administrative Objectives Part of the evaluation
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-Based

SMART Goals
Specific
Describe what you want to achieve as clearly as possible
Measurable
Quantify the desired outcome/change to be achieved
Achievable
Confirm that the outcome is likely doable within the parameters of the project.
Relevant
• The objective must move the project towards its goal.
• Confirm that the project is aligned with the project/proposal/community needs
Time-Based
By when will the outcome/change be achieved?
Who, What, When and How much change

Questions to asked to write a good objective
Concepts, Constructs, Variables, Models

Theories are made up of
Concepts
Primary elements and building blocks of theory ◦ Ex: Personal Beliefs
Constructs
When concepts are created, developed or adopted for use with a specific theory
Variables
- Operational form of a construct
◦ Define the way a construct is measured in a specific situation
Models
◦ May draw on several theories to help understand a particular problem in a
certain setting or context
◦ They are not always as specific as theory
Intrapersonal Level
Individual characteristics that influence behavior
Interpersonal Level
Primary groups' influence on behavior
◦ Provides support, social identity & role definition
Community Level
Social networks, norms, standards, rules, policies, laws, or access issues that
that constrain or promote behaviors
Perceived Susceptibility
One's opinion of chances of getting a condition
Perceived Severity
One's opinion of how serious a condition is and what its consequences are
Perceived Benefits
One's belief in the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of
impact
Perceived Barriers
One's opinion of the tangible and psychological costs of the advised action
Cues to Action
Strategies to activate "readiness"
Self-Efficacy
Confidence in one's ability to take action
Behavioral Intention
perceived likelihood of performing behavior
Attitude
a. Behavioral belief
b. Evaluation of behavioral outcomes
Perceived behavior control

perceptions of the ability to perform a given behavior
Subjective Norm
a. Normative Belief
b. Motivation to comply
Transtheoretical Model of Change

Describes individuals' motivation and readiness to change a behavior
Pre-Contemplation
- No interest in changing in the next 6 months
- Do not recognize behavior as a problem
Contemplation
- Considering changing in the 6 months
- Aware of a problem, but not committed to change yet
Preparation
- Considering changing soon (within in a month)
- Have some plan of action
- May have made unsuccessful attempts to change in the last year
Action
- Actively engaging in making change
- Need attention to prevent relapse
Maintenance
- The desired change has been achieved for some period of time (usually 6
months +)
- Person taking steps to sustain change, resist temptation and relapse
- Need support to prevent relapse
Reciprocal determinism
All behavior is dynamic where the environment, personal characteristics and
behavior are constantly interacting
Environment
The objective factors that affect behavior
Situation
How the person perceives the environment
Observational Learning/Modeling
People also learn by watching what other people do and how they are reinforced
Behavioral Capacity
knowledge & skills are needed to perform behavior
Outcome Expectations
The expected responses to behavior in a particular situation
Outcome Expectancies
The values a person
places on a particular outcome
Self Efficacy
Confidence in ability to perform a certain behavior
Direct Reinforcement
Receiving reward for behavior from others around you
Self Reinforcement
Monitor oneself, provide one's own rewards.
Vicarious Reinforcement
Observe rewards received by others performing behavior
1. What is the meaning of the Health Education Process?

- In order to change behavior, people have to move along a spectrum. It is not an
immediate switch, but instead the gradual process of moving from one end of the
health spectrum to the other.
- a health educator is
a professionally prepared individual who serves in a variety of roles and is
specifically trained to use appropriate educational strategies and methods to
facilitate the development of policies, procedures, interventions, and systems
conducive to the health of individuals, groups, and communities.
- a health educations specialist is

an individual who has met at a minimum, baccalaureate-level required health
education academic preparation qualifications, who serves in a variety of settings
and is able to use appropriate educational strategies and methods to facilitate the
development of policies, procedures, interventions, and systems conducive to
the health of individuals, groups and communities
Know the components that serve as the foundation for health education.
- Assessing individual and community needs for health education
- planning effective health education programs
- implementing health education programs
- evaluating effectiveness of health education programs
- coordinating provisions of health education services
- acting as a resource person in health education
- communicating health and health education needs, concerns, and resources
four modifiable risk behaviors

lack of exercise, lack of good nutrition, tobacco use, alcohol consumption
health education
any combination of planned learning experiences using evidence-based practices
and/or sound theories that provide the opportunity to acquire knowledge,
attitudes, and skills needed to adopt and maintain healthy behaviors"
health promotion
any planned combination of educational, political, environmental, regulatory, or
organizational mechanisms that support actions and conditions of living
conducive to the health of individuals groups, and communities.
Where can health education specialists work

schools, universities, colleges, community health agencies, worksites, and health
care settings.
role delineation process

used to clearly define the role of health education specialists so that people
inside and outside the profession would have a better understanding of what the
health education specialist did
entry-level health educator

defined by the role delineation project, defined the responsibilities for health
education specialists taking their first job regardless of their work setting.
Framework
seven major areas of responsibility, which defined the scope of practice and
several different competencies and sub competencies, which further delineated
the responsibilities
NCHEC
national commission for health education credentialing Inc.
AAHE
american association of health education
SOPHE
society for public health ecuation
How many competiencies are there for advanced level Health education
specialists?
7 entry level and 3 advanced level
CHES
certified health education specialist
hunnicutt's four reasons why systematic planning is important

1. forces planners to think through details in advance
2. planning helps to make a program transparent (good for stakeholders)
3. planning is empowering (helps with decision makers)
4. creates alignment and provides direction for those involved after planning
priority population
those for whom the program is intended to serve
resource
usually mean money, which can be turned into staff, facilities, materials, supplies,
utilities, and all the myriad number of things that enable organizced activity to
take place over time
support
usually means a range of things: congruet organizational policies, program and
concept visibility, expressions of priority value, personal involvement of key
managers, a place at the table or organizational power, organizational credibility,
and a role in integrated functioning.
Why is rationale important?

because it gives decision makers and "higher-ups" an idea of why they should
support your program. Without this it may be hard to get a program off the
ground.
Gaining support of decision makers is_______________ steps

one of the most important
steps to creating good rationale

1. identify appropriate background information
2. titling rationale
3. writing the content of the rationale
4. listing the references used to create the rationale
types of information that are useful in writing a rationale (6)

1. express needs/wants of priority population
2. describe the status of the health problems(s) within a given population
3. show how the potenital outcomes of the proposed program align with what the
decision makers fell is important
4. how compatibility with the health plan of a state or nation
5. provide evidence that the proposed program will make a difference
6. show how the proposed program will protect and preserve the single biggest
asset of most organizations (the people)
the process of identifying, analyzing, and prioritizing the needs of a priority

population
needs assessment
the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in

specific populations, and the application of this study to control health problems
epidemiology
a common way of reporting a CBA is through a metric called

_____________________, which measures the costs of a program versus the
financial return realized by that program.
return on investment (ROI)
When program planners systematically find, appraise, and use evidence as the
basis for decision making when planning a health promotion program it is
referred to as
evidence based practice
the most important resource of any community

the people
a declaration of the health problem

problem statement
the practice of translating statistics and other data so they become interesting to
the journalist, and meaningful to the audience.
social math
when writing the content of the rationale one should....

start with identifying the problem at a global level, then identifying the problem
and relating it at a local level with a problem statement. The statement should
also include the "why" for the program. Propose a solution for the problem and
then use evidence based practice to support the rationale and state why the
program will be successful
health education associations

○ American public health association
○ American school health association
○ American association for health education
○ Society on public health education
Health educator competencies from lecture (3)

- Assess individual and community needs for health education
- Plan health education strategies, interventions, and programs
- Implement health education programs
- Assess individual and community needs for health education

○ Assess existing health-related data
○ Collect health-related data
○ Infer needs for health education on the basis of obtained data
Plan health education strategies, interventions, and programs

○ Develop measurable program objectives
○ Develop a logical scope and sequence plan
○ Design strategies, interventions and programs met your objectives
- Implement health education programs

○ Initiate a plan of action
○ Demonstrate a variety of strategies, interventions, and programs
group of individuals who are responsible for creating a program and then
overseeing its implementation and evaluation
planning committee
those models used for planning, implementing, and evaluating
planning models
PATCH
planned approach to community health
CDC planning model to be used in partnership with state and local health
departments and local communities
PATCH
5 phases of PATCH model

mobilizing community
collecting and organizing data
choosing health priorities and target groups
choosing and conducting interventions
evaluating the patch process and interventions
APEX-PH
assessment protocol for excellence in public health
Which model emerged as a collaboration between several prominent public

health organizations
APEX-PH
Phases of APEX-PH
phase 1: organizational capacity assessment (internal assessment of strengths)
phase 2: The community process
- collection and analysis of community health statues data
- collection and analysis of community opinion data
- development of an action plan with goals and objectives
phase 3: completing the cycle (implementation plan and evaluation plan)
MAPP model
moblizing for aciton though planning and partnerships
phases of mapp model (6)

1. organizing for success and partnership development
3. visioning
3. four MAPP assessments
4. identify strategic issues
5. formulate goals and strategies
6. action cycle
Phases in MAP-IT
1. Mobilize
2. Assess
3. Plan
4. Implement
5. Track
Precede-Proceed model
identifying the desired outcome to determine what causes it and finally to design
an intervention aimed at reaching the desired outcome.
8 phases of precede-proceed model

1. social assessment
2. epidemiological assessment
3. educational and ecological assessment
4. administrative and policy assessment and intervention alignment
5. implementation
6. process evaluation
7. impact evaluation
8. outcome evaluation
knowledge and many affective traits such as a person's attitude, values beliefs
and perceptions that can facilitate or hinder a person's motivation to change and
can be altered through direct communication
predisposing factors
barriers or facilitators created mainly by societal forces or systems make

up______ which include access to health care facilities or other health related
services, availability of resources, referrals to appropriate provider, etc..
enabling factors
SMART model
social marketing assessment and response tool
Phase 1 of SMART model

preliminary planning
- identify a health problem and name it in terms of behavior
- develop general goals
- outline plans for evaluation
- project program costs

Consumer Analysis
- segment and identify the priority population (subgroup identification)
- identify formative research methods
- identify consumer wants, needs, and preferences
- develop preliminary ideas for preferred interventions

market analysis
- establish and define the 4 p's
- assess the market to identify competitors (behaviors, messages, programs),
allies (support systems, resources, etc...) and partners.

Channel Analysis
- identify appropriate communication messages, strategies, and channels
- assess options for program distribution
- identify communication roles for program partners
- determine how channels should be used.

Develop intervention, materials and pretest
- develop program interventions and materials using information colelctiveed in
consumer, market, and channel analyses
- interpret the marketing mix into a strategy that represents exchange and
societal good
- pretest and refine the program

implementation
- communicate with partners and clarify involvement
- activate communication and distribution strategies
- document procedures and compare progress to time lines
- refine the program
evaluation
- assess the degree to which the priority population is receiving the program
- assess the immediate impact on the priority population and refine the program
as necessary
- ensure that program delivery is consistent with established protocol
- analyze change in the priority population
SWOT analysis
analyzes the internal strengths and weaknesses of a program as well as the
external opportunities and threats
How does SWOT differ from other planning models discussed

it is a rapid internal and external scan that allow planners to implement programs
in a shorter time frame
movement characterized by community ownership and empowerment and driven

by the values, needs and participation of community members in consultation
from health professionals. a diverse partnership
healthy communities
the CDC developed the _____________ tool for the healthy communities program
to assess community needs; action guised to assist in the development of
interventions and strategies and technical assistance with program evalution
community health assessment and group evaluation (CHANGE)
Healthy communities is characterized by _____________

community ownership
NCI
national cancer institute
4 phases of NCI model called health communication model

1. planning and strategy development
2. developing and pretesting concepts, messages, and materials
3. implementing the program
4. assessing effectiveness and making refinements
program designed to fill a gap in health promotion practice by translating data
collecting in the PRECEDE phase of PRECEDE-PROCEED into theoretically based
and otherwise appropriate interventions
intervention mapping
6 phases of intervention mapping

1. needs assessment
2. matrices of change objectives(who and what will change)
3. theory-based methods and practical applications
4. program production
5. adoption and implementation
6. evaluation planning
developed by the sustainable management development program to strengthen

in-country management training capacity in the health sector of developing
countries.
Health Plan-it
6 Steps of health Plan-it model

1. priority setting
2. establishing goals
3. outcome objective
4. strategy
5. evaluation
6. budget
Why is it difficult for the health professional to sell the importance of PA to

people? (7 reasons listed in lecture)
- Increase of obesity across all age levels: highest 12-19
- requires the development of a habit
- Lack of PA has long term consequences: early death
- Less time in PE
- knowing how to find PA that is suitable for you
- Overweight child becomes an overweight adult
- Over 50% of young boys do not engage in enough PA.
general statement of intent

goals
Social or environmental restriction placed on a person's life as a result of a
disability,
Handicapped
Contributing factors
risk factors
Specific and measurable statements, they explain how much of what will be
accomplished,
Objectives
any planned combination of educational, political, environmental, regulatory, or

organizational mechanisms, that support actions and conditions of living
conducive to the health of individuals, groups, and communities.
Health Promotion
Learning Disability:
- 20% of people in the US are considered learning disabled
○ Generally of average or above average intelligence
○ Mandell and fiscus (1981): if learning difficulties can be overcome by a different
type of instruction, then the student should not be considered learning disabled
to come or occur between two things, events, or points in time; to come in or

between so as to hinder or alert an action.
Intervention
An abnormality in the function of organs or systems, typically associated with

being near-sighted having heart conditions, cerebral palsy, or hearing disorders
Impairment
the "comparison of an object of interest against a standard of acceptability" may

be formative or summative in nature
Evaluation
- Refers to the impact of impairment on functional ability

- Might include total or partial: behavioral, mental, physical, or senatorial loss
Disability
the method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or

theoretical concept.
Pedagogy
primary data
data you collect yourself
secondary data
data that already exists
Sources of primary data

1. single-step or cross-sectional surveys
2. written questionaires
3. face-to-face interview
4. telephone interviews
5. electronic interviews (like email)
6. group interviews
7. multistep survey
8. community forum
9. meetings
10. focus groups
11. nominal groups process (highly structured with a few knowledgeable
representatives)
12. observations
Sources of Secondary data

1. governmental agencies
2. non governmental agencies
3. existing records
4. literature
5. PsycINFO
6. Medline
7. Education Resource Information Center (ERIC)
8. Internet
Steps in conducting a needs assessment

1. determining purpose and scope
2. gathering data
3. analyzing data
4. identifying risk factors linked to health problem
5. identifying the program focus
6. validating the need.
Most useful model when analyzing data in a needs assessment
Basic priority rating (BPR)
4 components of BPR
A. Size of Problem (0-10)
B. Seriousness of Problem (0-20)
C. Effectiveness of th possible intervention (0-10)
D. Propriety, economics, acceptability, resources, and legality (PEARL) (0 or 1)
BPR formula
BPR=[(A+B)C/3]XD
Phases of COPAR
1.) pre-entry
2.) entry
3.) organization building
4.) sustenance and strengthening
Pre-entry phase
initial phase
simple phase
Activity 1 of the pre-entry phase

selection of project site

preliminary social investigation

identification of staff house and host families
Entry phase
social preparation phase
"conscientization/helping people to realize they have within themseles the
capacity to understand and change their situtation"
Activity 1 of the entry phase

integration = living with the people and absorbing their lifestyle
information campaign

deepening social investigation

Provision of basic health services

Identification of Potential Leaders
Training on PAR
participatory action research
GROUP TRAINING phases of PAR

1.) problem identification
2.) identification of data needed
3.) identification of key informants
4.) selection of research tools
5.) formulation of research tools
CORE GROUP TRAINING phases of PAR

1.) data collection
2.) data tabulation
3.) data analysis
4.) presentation of data
Traditional Participation
subjects are regarded as objects of research
PAR participation
subjects are actual researchers and active collaborators
Traditional problem identification

based on discipline/ interest of researcher
PAR problem identification

community experiences the problem; only assisted by NGO researcher
Traditional data gathering
patterned after natural science
PAR data gathering

no standard design; patterned @ local culture and innovativeness; informal (thru
observation/discussion of villagers)
PAR use of results

people have access, are aware and have the capacity to change their situation
Organization - building phase

entails formation of FORMAL structure and procedures of planning,
implementing, educating community wide activities
Core group
informal structure
CHO (Community Health Organization)

formal structure
Sustenenace and strengthening phase

community members actively participating in community-wide undertakings
How long is the pre-entry phase

1-2 months
How long is the sustenenace and strengthening phase

7-8 months
Tentative Program Planning

choosing one issue to work on in order to begin organizing people
ground working
goo before core group formation
-basic CO tactic
-going around and motivating ppl on 1-1 basis in order to do something
-mind setting among key leaders and members of community
Health status of the community

product of the various interacting elements such as population, physical, and
topographical characteristics, socio-economic and cultural factors, health and
basic health services and power structures within the community
Manpower (health resources)

geographical distribution, manpower-population ratio, categories of health
manpower, distribution of health facilities, quality of health, existing manpower
development/policies
Material (health resources)

health budget and expenditures, sources of health unding, categories of health
institutions, hospital bed-population ratio and service available
Data used for line graph

shows trend data or changes with time or age with respect to same variable
Data used for bar graph/pictograph

comparison of absolute or relative counts and rates between categories
Data used for pie-graph

shows breakdown of a group not more than 5 categories
5 Dimensions of program performance

1.) relevance
2.) progress
3.) effectiveness
4.) impact
5.) efficiency
Define COPAR
Community organizing participatory action research
What is the purpose of COPAR?

Community development approach that allows the community (participatory) to
analyze the situation (research) plan a solution, and implement projects (action)
utilizing the process of community organizing
Enumerate 4 importances of COPAR

1) Tool for community development
2) Offer alternative solutions to health problems that may not require medical
intervention
3) Prepare people to take over management of programs in the future
4) Community resources are mobilized for community services
Enumerate the 4 principles of COPAR

1) Do people have the capacity to change?
2) Do people posses the ability to bring change
3) Base interest on poorest sectors
4) Lead to development of self reliant community
Enumerate 4 methods used in COPAR

1) Action-reflection - action sessions
2) Consciousness raising
3) Participatory and mass based
4) Group centered
Enumerate 4 critical activities in COPAR

1) Integration
2) Social investigation
3) Tentative program planning
4) Groundwork
Enumerate the 4 phases of COPAR

1) Pre-site selection
2) Entry
3) Organizational building
4) Sustainance
Enumerate the 8 principles of the community development process

1) Sustainable
2) Empowering
3) Efficient & effective
4) Democratic
5) Localized & equally distributed
6) Inter & intra linked
7) Non threatening to their culture
8) Gender sensitive
Enumerate 5 site selection criteria

1) Health services are inaccessible
2) Avoid duplications of programs
3) Depressed rural area
4) Community has poor health status
5) No serious peace & order problem
Enumerate 5 activities of the pre entry phase

1) Occular survey
2) Interview
3) Courtesy call
4) Train students on baseline survey
5) Develop IEC materials
What are the 5 steps in the entry phase?

1) Integration
2) Conduct information campaign about
3) Conduct deepening social investigation
4) Identify potential leaders & core group formation phase
5) Provision of health services
What is the goal of COPAR?

Develop the community using SEEDLING
HANNAH
The fundamental building block or foundation of FHSIS is:

Studies and researches
Target Client List
.Family treatment Record
Health Survey
A set of fundamental activities that address the determinants of health, protect a

population’s health and treat disease is:
Public health
Public health nursing
.Public health function
Community health nursing
The core business of public health is which of the following?
Disease control
Injury prevention
Health protection
.All of these
The first step in outbreak investigation is:

Establishing the existence of an outbreak
.Preparing for field work
Verifying diagnosis
Defining and identifying the case?
Which of the following will show the numerical relationship between deaths from
all causes (or groups), age (or group of age), and the total number of deaths from
all causes in all ages taken together?
Case fatality ratio
Crude death rate
.Proportionate mortality
Specific death rate
The epidemiology nurse least likely performs which function?

Implementing public health surveillance
Monitoring local health personnel conducting disease surveillance
.Catering the needs of the nursing students in the area
Conduct an outbreak investigation
Sources of outbreak investigation includes the following apart from:

Surveillance data
Media
Concerned citizens
.Medical books
Which of the following is the most commonly used graph in presenting data?
Linear graph
Bar graph
Area diagram
.All of these
The document that contains the client’s complaints, diagnosis and treatment is:
Output reports
Target Client List
.Family treatment Record
Health Survey
Components of FHSIS include which of the following?

.Reporting forms
Health survey
Registration of vital data
Studies and researches
Maribeth is assigned to obtain the total number of female population in their

place. Information such as this can be taken from which institution?
Local Civil Registrar
City Health Department
City Hall
.National Statistics Office
The importance of outbreak investigation includes which of the following?

Control and prevention measure
Severity and risk to others
Training
.All of these
The second building block of FHSIS is:

Output reports
.Target Client List
Family treatment Record
Health Survey
In preparing a home visit the first thing the nurse should consider is:
Plan
Available information
.Objective
Flexibility
A continuous occurrence throughout a period of time of the usual number of

cases in a given locality is what type of disease occurrence?
Sporadic occurrence
.Endemic occurrence
Epidemic occurrence
Pandemic occurrence
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the variables of person
in analyzing epidemiological data?
.In general females experience higher mortality rates than male for a wide range of
diseases.
Females have higher morbidity rates than men.
A person’s level of immunity is largely influenced by a person’s age.
Differing pattern of behavior between sexes or activities as a recreation results in
different opportunities for exposure to a source of infection.
case fatality ratio has which of the following formula?

No. of persons acquiring a disease registered in a given year Number of exposed to
same disease in the same year X 1000
.No. of registered deaths from specific cause or age for a given year No. of registration
of deaths from all causes and ages in same year X 1000
No. of registered deaths from a specific disease for a given year No. of registered cases
from same specific disease in same year X 1000
No. of new cases of a particular disease registered during a specified period of time
Estimated population as of July of same year X 1000
A systematic approach of obtaining, organizing and analyzing numerical facts so

that conclusion may be drawn from them is called:
Vital statistics
.Statistics
Crude Birth Rate
All of the above
Cases of bird flu are noted for a short period of time in a certain place. This
follows what pattern of occurrence?
Sporadic occurrence
Endemic occurrence
.Epidemic occurrence
Pandemic occurrence
In a home visit, initially a nurse should do which of the following?

State the purpose of visit
Make an appointment for a return visit
Record all important data
.Greet the patient and introduce oneself
Field Health Services and Information System (FHSIS) has the following objective
apart from:
Providing summary of data on health services delivery and selected program
accomplished.
.To give health teachings to prevent further spread of disease to individual and families.
Provide data when combined with data from other sources which can be used for
program monitoring and evaluation purposes.
To provide standardized facility level data base which can be accessed for a more in
depth studies.
Cases of rabies occur intermittently in the Philippines. There are few cases in
certain weeks while there are no cases in the other weeks. During when the few
cases are occurring, the cases are scattered throughout the country, thus, the
cases are not related at all to the cases in other areas. This pattern of occurrence
is:
.Sporadic occurrence
Endemic occurrence
Epidemic occurrence
Pandemic occurrence
Surveillance is important in monitoring the progress of the disease reduction

initiatives, collection and analysis of data of cases and death. Objective of
surveillance include:
.To measure the magnitude of the problem
To diagnose a disease well
To prevent future outbreaks
All of these
There is no definite rule to be followed on the frequency of home visits. The

schedule of the visit may vary according to the need of the patient or family for
nursing care. In a home visit which factor is least likely considered?
.Physical needs, psychological needs and emotional needs of the family members.
The acceptance of the family for the services to be rendered.
Interest of the family members to the rendered services.
Policy of a specific agency and the emphasis given towards their health programs
To describe accurately the risk of exposure of certain classes or groups to
particular diseases which formula should Maribeth use?
.Specific Death Rate
Crude Death Rate
Proportionate Mortality
Crude birth rate
1. It is concerned with the study of factors that influence the occurrence and
distribution of diseases, defects, disability or death which occurs in groups or
aggregation of individuals.
A. Epidemiology
B. Demographics
C. Vital Statistics
D. Health Statistics
2. Which of the following is the backbone in disease prevention?
A. Epidemiology
B. Demographics
C. Vital Statistics
3. Which of the following type of research could show how community

expectations can result in the actual provision of services?
A. Basic Research
B. Operational Research
C. Action Research
D. Applied Research
4. An outbreak of measles has been reported in Community A. As a nurse, which
of the following is your first action for an Epidemiological investigation?
A. Classify if the outbreak of measles is epidemic or just sporadic
B. Report the incidence into the RHU
C. Determine the first day when the outbreak occurred
D. Identify if it is the disease which it is reported to be
5. After the epidemiological investigation produced final conclusions, which of

the following is your initial step in your operational procedure during disease
outbreak?
A. Coordinate personnel from Municipal to the National level
B. Collect pertinent laboratory specimen to confirm disease causation
C. Immunize nearby communities with Measles
D. Educate the community in future prevention of similar outbreaks
6. The main concern of a public health nurse is the prevention of disease,

prolonging of life and promoting physical health and efficiency through which of
the following?
A. Use of epidemiological tools and vital health statistics
B. Determine the spread and occurrence of the disease
C. Political empowerment and Socio Economic Assistance
D. Organized Community Efforts
7. In order to control a disease effectively, which of the following must first be

known?
1. The conditions surrounding its occurrence
2. Factors that do not favor its development
3. The condition that do not surround its occurrence
4. Factors that favors its development
A. 1 and 3
B. 1 and 4
C. 2 and 3
D. 2 and 4
8. All of the following are uses of epidemiology except:
A. To study the history of health population and the rise and fall of disease
B. To diagnose the health of the community and the condition of the people
C. To provide summary data on health service delivery
D. To identify groups needing special attention
9. Before reporting the fact of presence of an epidemic, which of the following is

of most
importance to determine?
A. Are the facts complete?
B. Is the disease real?
C. Is the disease tangible?
D. Is it epidemic or endemic?
10. An unknown epidemic has just been reported in Barangay Dekbudekbu.
People said that affected person demonstrates hemorrhagic type of fever. You are
designated now to plan for epidemiological investigation. Arrange the sequence
of events in accordance with the correct outline plan for epidemiological
investigation.
1. Report the presence of dengue
2. Summarize data and conclude the final picture of epidemic
3. Relate the occurrence to the population group, facilities, food supply and
carriers
4. Determine if the disease is factual or real
5. Determine any unusual prevalence of the disease and its nature; is it epidemic,
sporadic,
endemic or pandemic?
6. Determine onset and the geographical limitation of the disease.
A. 4,1,3,5,2,6
B. 4,1,5,6,3,2
C. 5,4,6,2,1,3
D. 5,4,6,1,2,3
E. 1,2,3,4,5,6
11. In the occurrence of SARS and other pandemics, which of the following is the
most vital role of a nurse in epidemiology?
A. Health promotion
B. Disease prevention
C. Surveillance
D. Casefinding
12. Measles outbreak has been reported in Barangay Bahay Toro, After
conducting an epidemiological investigation you have confirmed that the
outbreak is factual. You are tasked to lead a team of medical workers for
operational procedure in disease outbreak. Arrange the correct sequence of
events that you must do to effectively contain the disease
1. Create a final report and recommendation
2. Perform nasopharyngeal swabbing to infected individuals
3. Perform mass measles immunization to vulnerable groups
4. Perform an environmental sanitation survey on the immediate environment
5. Organize your team and Coordinate the personnels
6. Educate the community on disease transmission
A. 1,2,3,4,5,6
B. 6,5,4,3,2,1
C. 5,6,4,2,3,1
D. 5,2,3,4,6,1
13. All of the following are function of Nurse Budek in epidemiology except
A. Laboratory Diagnosis
B. Surveillance of disease occurrence
C. Follow up cases and contacts
D. Refer cases to hospitals if necessary
E. Isolate cases of communicable disease
14. All of the following are performed in team organization except

A. Orientation and demonstration of methodology to be employed
B. Area assignments of team members
C. Check team’s equipments and paraphernalia
D. Active case finding and Surveillance
15. Which of the following is the final output of data reporting in epidemiological
operational procedure?
A. Recommendation
B. Evaluation
C. Final Report
D. Preliminary report
16. The office in charge with registering vital facts in the Philippines is none other
than the
A. PCSO
B PAGCOR
C. DOH
D. NSO
17. The following are possible sources of Data except:
A. Experience
B. Census
C. Surveys
D. Research
18. This refers to systematic study of vital events such as births, illnesses,
marriages, divorces and deaths
A. Epidemiology
B. Demographics
C. Vital Statistics
19. In case of clerical errors in your birth certificate, Where should you go to have
it corrected?
A. NSO
B. Court of Appeals
C. Municipal Trial Court
D. Local Civil Registrar
20. Acasia just gave birth to Lestat, A healthy baby boy. Who are going to report
the birth of Baby Lestat?
A. Nurse
B. Midwife
C. OB Gyne
D. Birth Attendant
21. In reporting the birth of Baby Lestat, where will he be registered?
A. At the Local Civil Registrar
B. In the National Statistics Office

C. In the City Health Department
D. In the Field Health Services and Information System Main Office
22. Deejay, The birth attendant noticed that Lestat has low set of ears,
Micrognathia, Microcephaly and a typical cat like cry. What should Deejay do?
A. Bring Lestat immediately to the nearest hospital
B. Ask his assistant to call the nearby pediatrician
C. Bring Lestat to the nearest pediatric clinic
D. Call a Taxi and together with Acasia, Bring Lestat to the nearest hospital
23. Deejay would suspect which disorder?
A. Trisomy 21
B. Turners Syndrome
C. Cri Du Chat
D. Klinefelters Syndrome
24. Deejay could expect which of the following congenital anomaly that would
accompany this disorder?
A. AVSD
B. PDA
C. TOF
D. TOGV
26. Which presidential decree orders reporting of births within 30 days after its
occurrence?
A. 651
B. 541
C. 996
D. 825
25. These rates are referred to the total living population, It must be presumed
that the total population was exposed to the risk of occurrence of the event.
A. Rate
B. Ratio
C. Crude/General Rates
D. Specific Rate
26. These are used to describe the relationship between two numerical quantities
or measures of events without taking particular considerations to the time or
place.
A. Rate
B. Ratios
C. Crude/General Rate
D. Specific Rate
27. This is the most sensitive index in determining the general health condition of
a community since it reflects the changes in the environment and medical
conditions of a community
A. Crude death rate
B. Infant mortality rate
C. Maternal mortality rate

D. Fetal death rate
28. According to the WHO, which of the following is the most frequent cause of
death in children underfive worldwide in the 2003 WHO Survey?
A. Neonatal
B. Pneumonia
C. Diarrhea
D. HIV/AIDS
29. In the Philippines, what is the most common cause of death of infants
according to the latest survey?
A. Pneumonia
B. Diarrhea
C. Other perinatal condition
D. Respiratory condition of fetus and newborn
30. The major cause of mortality from 1999 up to 2002 in the Philippines are
A. Diseases of the heart
B. Diseases of the vascular system
C. Pneumonias
D. Tuberculosis
31. Alicia, a 9 year old child asked you “ What is the common cause of death in
my age group here in the Philippines? “ The nurse is correct if he will answer
A. Pneumonia is the top leading cause of death in children age 5 to 9

B. Malignant neoplasm if common in your age group
C. Probability wise, You might die due to accidents
D. Diseases of the respiratory system is the most common cause of death in

children
32. In children 1 to 4 years old, which is the most common cause of death?
A. Diarrhea
B. Accidents
C. Pneumonia
D. Diseases of the heart
33. Working in the community as a PHN for almost 10 years, Aida knew the
fluctuation in vital statistics. She knew that the most common cause of morbidity
among the Filipinos is
A. Diseases of the heart
B. Diarrhea
C. Pneumonia
D. Vascular system diseases
34. Nurse Aida also knew that most maternal deaths are caused by
A. Hemorrhage
B. Other Complications related to pregnancy occurring in the course of labor,
delivery and puerperium
C. Hypertension complicating pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium
D. Abortion
SITUATION : Barangay PinoyBSN has the following data in year 2006
1. July 1 population : 254,316
2. Livebirths : 2,289
3. Deaths from maternal cause : 15
4. Death from CVD : 3,029
5. Deaths under 1 year of age : 23
6. Fetal deaths : 8
7. Deaths under 28 days : 8
8. Death due to rabies : 45
9. Registered cases of rabies : 45
10. People with pneumonia : 79
11. People exposed with pneumonia : 2,593
12. Total number of deaths from all causes : 10,998
The following questions refer to these data
35. What is the crude birth rate of Barangay PinoyBSN?
A. 90/100,000
B. 9/100
C. 90/1000
D. 9/1000
36. What is the cause specific death rate from cardiovascular diseases?
A. 27/100
B. 1191/100,000
C. 27/100,000
D. 1.1/1000
37. What is the Maternal Mortality rate of this barangay?
A. 6.55/1000
B. 5.89/1000
C. 1.36/1000
D. 3.67/1000
38. What is the fetal death rate?
A. 3.49/1000
B. 10.04/1000
C. 3.14/1000
D. 3.14/100,000
39. What is the attack rate of pneumonia?
A. 3.04/1000
B. 7.18/1000
C. 32.82/100
D. 3.04/100
40. Determine the Case fatality ratio of rabies in this Barangay
A. 1/100
B. 100%
C. 1%
D. 100/1000
41. The following are all functions of the nurse in vital statistics, which of the
following is
not?
A. Consolidate Data
B. Collects Data
C. Analyze Data
D. Tabulate Data
42. The following are Notifiable diseases that needs to have a tally sheet in data
reporting,
Which one is not?
A. Hypertension
B. Bronchiolitis
C. Chemical Poisoning
D. Accidents
43. Which of the following requires reporting within 24 hours?
A. Neonatal tetanus
B. Measles
C. Hypertension
D. Tetanus
44. Which Act declared that all communicable disease be reported to the nearest
health
station?
A. 1082
B. 1891
C. 3573
D. 6675
45. In the RHU Team, Which professional is directly responsible in caring a sick
person who
is homebound?
A. Midwife
B. Nurse
C. BHW
D. Physician
46. During epidemics, which of the following epidemiological function will you
have to
perform first?
A. Teaching the community on disease prevention
B. Assessment on suspected cases
C. Monitor the condition of people affected

D. Determining the source and nature of the epidemic
47. Which of the following is a POINT SOURCE epidemic?
A. Dengue H.F
B. Malaria
C. Contaminated Water Source
D. Tuberculosis
48. All but one is a characteristic of a point source epidemic, which one is not?
A. The spread of the disease is caused by a common vehicle
B. The disease is usually caused by contaminated food
C. There is a gradual increase of cases
D. Epidemic is usually sudden
49. The only Microorganism monitored in cases of contaminated water is
A. Vibrio Cholera
B. Escherichia Coli
C. Entamoeba Histolytica
D. Coliform Test
50. Dengue increase in number during June, July and August. This pattern is
called
A. Epidemic
B. Endemic
C. Cyclical
D. Secular
SITUATION : Field health services and information system provides summary

data on health
service delivery and selected program from the barangay level up to the national
level. As a
nurse, you should know the process on how these information became
processed and
consolidated.
51. All of the following are objectives of FHSIS Except
A. To complete the clinical picture of chronic disease and describe their natural
history
B. To provide standardized, facility level data base which can be accessed for
more in depth studies
C. To minimize recording and reporting burden allowing more time for patient
care and promotive activities
D. To ensure that data reported are useful and accurate and are disseminated in a
timely and easy to use fashion
52. What is the fundamental block or foundation of the field health service
information
system?
A. Family treatment record

B. Target Client list
C. Reporting forms
D. Output record
53. What is the primary advantage of having a target client list?
A. Nurses need not to go back to FTR to monitor treatment and services to

beneficiaries thus saving time and effort
B. Help monitor service rendered to clients in general
C. Facilitate monitoring and supervision of services
D. Facilitates easier reporting
54. Which of the following is used to monitor particular groups that are qualified
as eligible to a certain program of the DOH?
C. Reporting forms
D. Output record
55. In using the tally sheet, what is the recommended frequency in tallying
activities and services?
A. Daily
B. Weekly
C. Monthly
D. Quarterly
56. When is the counting of the tally sheet done?
A. At the end of the day
B. At the end of the week
C. At the end of the month
D. At the end of the year
57. Target client list will be transmitted to the next facility in the form of
C. Reporting forms
D. Output record
58. All but one of the following are eligible target client list
A. Leprosy cases
B. TB cases
C. Prenatal care
D. Diarrhea cases
59. This is the only mechanism through which data are routinely transmitted from
once facility to another
C. Reporting forms
D. Output record
60. FHSIS/Q-3 Or the report for environmental health activities is prepared how
frequently?
A. Daily
B. Weekly
C. Quarterly
D. Yearly
61. Nurse Budek is preparing the reporting form for weekly notifiable diseases.
He knew that he will code the report form as
A. FHSIS/E-1
B. FHSIS/E-2
C. FHSIS/E-3
D. FHSIS/M-1
62. In preparing the maternal death report, which of the following correctly codes
this occurrence?
A. FHSIS/E-1
B. FHSIS/E-2
C. FHSIS/E-3
D. FHSIS/M-1
63. Where should Nurse Budek bring the reporting forms if he is in the BHU
Facility?
A. Rural health office

B. FHSIS Main office
C. Provincial health office
D. Regional health office
64. After bringing the reporting forms in the right facility for processing, Nurse
Budek knew that the output reports are solely produced by what office?
A. Rural health office
B. FHSIS Main office
C. Provincial health office
D. Regional health office
65. Mang Raul entered the health center complaining of fatigue and frequent
syncope. You assessed Mang Raul and found out that he is severely
malnourished and anemic. What record should you get first to document these
findings?
C. Reporting forms
D. Output record
66. The information about Mang Raul’s address, full name, age, symptoms and
diagnosis is recorded in

C. Reporting forms
D. Output record
67. Another entry is to be made for Mang Raul because he is in the target client’s
list, In what TCL should Mang Raul’s entry be documented?
A. TCL Eligible Population
B. TCL Family Planning
C. TCL Nutrition
D. TCL Pre Natal
68. The nurse uses the FHSIS Record system incorrectly when she found out that
A. She go to the individual or FTR for entry confirmation in the Tally/Report

Summary
B. She refer to other sources for completing monthly and quarterly reports
C. She records diarrhea in the Tally sheet/Report form with a code FHSIS/M-1
D. She records a Child who have frequent diarrhea in TCL : Under Five
69. The BHS Is the lowest level of reporting unit in FHSIS. A BHS can be
considered a reporting unit if all of the following are met except
A. It renders service to 3 barangays
B. There is a midwife the regularly renders service to the area
C. The BHS Have no mother BHS
D. It should be a satellite BHS

70. Data submitted to the PHO is processed using what type of technology?
A. Internet
B. Microcomputer
C. Supercomputer
D. Server Interlink Connections
SITUATION : Community organizing is a process by which people, health services

and agencies of the community are brought together to act and solve their own
problems.
71. Mang ambo approaches you for counseling. You are an effective counselor if
you
A. Give good advice to Mang Ambo
B. Identify Mang Ambo’s problems
C. Convince Mang Ambo to follow your advice
D. Help Mang Ambo identify his problems
72. As a newly appointed PHN instructed to organize Barangay Baritan, Which of

the following is your initial step in organizing the community for initial action?
A. Study the Barangay Health statistics and records
B. Make a courtesy call to the Barangay Captain
C. Meet with the Barangay Captain to make plans
D. Make a courtesy call to the Municipal Mayor

73. Preparatory phase is the first phase in organizing the community. Which of
the following is the initial step in the preparatory phase?
A. Area selection
B. Community profiling
C. Entry in the community
D. Integration with the people
74. the most important factor in determining the proper area for community
organizing is that this area should
A. Be already adopted by another organization
B. Be able to finance the projects
C. Have problems and needs assistance
D. Have people with expertise to be developed as leaders
75. Which of the following dwelling place should the Nurse choose when
integrating with the people?
A. A simple house in the border of Barangay Baritan and San Pablo
B. A simple house with fencing and gate located in the center of Barangay Baritan
C. A modest dwelling place where people will not hesitate to enter
D. A modest dwelling place where people will not hesitate to enter located in the
center of the community
76. In choosing a leader in the community during the Organizational phase,

Which among these people will you choose?
A. Miguel Zobel, 50 years old, Rich and Famous

B. Rustom, 27 years old, Actor
C. Mang Ambo, 70, Willing to work for the desired change
D. Ricky, 30 years old, Influential and Willing to work for the desired change
77. Which type of leadership style should the leaders of the community practice?
A. Autocratic
B. Democratic
C. Laissez Faire
D. Consultative
78. Setting up Committee on Education and Training is in what phase of COPAR?
A. Preparatory
B. Organizational
C. Education and Training
D. Intersectoral Collaboration
E. Phase out
79. Community diagnosis is done to come up with a profile of local health

situation that will serve as basis of health programs and services. This is done in
what phase of COPAR?
A. Preparatory
B. Organizational
E. Phase out
80. The people named the community health workers based on the collective
decision in accordance with the set criteria. Before they can be trained by the
Nurse, The Nurse must first
A. Make a lesson plan
B. Set learning goals and objective
C. Assess their learning needs
D. Review materials needed for training
81. Nurse Budek wrote a letter to PCSO asking them for assistance in their
feeding programs for the community’s nutrition and health projects. PCSO then
approved the request and gave Budek 50,000 Pesos and a truckload of rice, fruits
and vegetables. Which phase of COPAR did Budek utilized?
A. Preparatory
B. Organizational
E. Phase out
82. Ideally, How many years should the Nurse stay in the community before he
can phase out and be assured of a Self Reliant community?
A. 5 years
B. 10 years
C. 1 year
D. 6 months
83. Major discussion in community organization are made by
A. The nurse
B. The leaders of each committee
C. The entire group
D. Collaborating Agencies
84. The nurse should know that Organizational plan best succeeds when
1. People sees its values
2. People think its antagonistic professionally
3. It is incompatible with their personal beliefs
4. It is compatible with their personal beliefs
A. 1 and 3
B. 2 and 4
C. 1 and 2
D. 1 and 4
85. Nurse Budek made a proposal that people should turn their backyard into
small farming lots to plant vegetables and fruits. He specified that the objective is
to save money in buying vegetables and fruits that tend to have a fluctuating and
cyclical price. Which step in Community organizing process did he utilized?
A. Fact finding
B. Determination of needs
C. Program formation
D. Education and Interpretation
86. One of the critical steps in COPAR is becoming one with the people and
understanding their culture and lifestyle. Which critical step in COPAR will the
Nurse try to immerse himself in the community?
A. Integration
B. Social Mobilization
C. Ground Work
D. Mobilization
87. The Actual exercise of people power occurs during when?
A. Integration
B. Social Mobilization
C. Ground Work
D. Mobilization
88. Which steps in COPAR trains indigenous and informal leaders?
A. Ground Work
B. Mobilization
C. Core Group formation
D. Integration
89. As a PHN, One of your role is to organize the community. Nurse Budek knows
that the purposes of community organizing are
1. Move the community to act on their own problems

2. Make people aware of their own problems
3. Enable the nurse to solve the community problems
4. Offer people means of solving their own problems
A. 1,2,3
B. 1,2,3,4
C. 1,2
D. 1,2,4
90. This is considered the first act of integrating with the people. This gives an in
depth participation in community health problems and needs.
A. Residing in the area of assignment
B. Listing down the name of person to contact for courtesy call
C. Gathering initial information about the community
D. Preparing Agenda for the first meeting
SITUATION : Health education is the process whereby knowledge, attitude and

practice of people are changed to improve individual, family and community
health.
91. Which of the following is the correct sequence in health education?
1. Information
2. Communication
3. Education
A. 1,2,3
B. 3,2,1
C. 1,3,2
D. 3,1,2
92. The health status of the people is greatly affected and determined by which of
the following?
A. Behavioral factors
B. Socioeconomic factors
C. Political factors
D. Psychological factors
93. Nurse Budek is conducting a health teaching to Agnesia, 50 year old breast
cancer survivor needing rehabilitative measures. He knows that health education
is effective when
A. Agnesia recites the procedure and instructions perfectly
B. Agnesia’s behavior and outlook in life was changed positively
C. Agnesia gave feedback to Budek saying that she understood the instruction
D. Agnesia requested a written instruction from Budek
94. Which of the following is true about health education?
A. It helps people attain their health through the nurse’s sole efforts
B. It should not be flexible
C. It is a fast and mushroom like process
D. It is a slow and continuous process

95. Which of the following factors least influence the learning readiness of an
adult learner?
A. The individuals stage of development
B. Ability to concentrate on information to be learned
C. The individual’s psychosocial adaptation to his illness
D. The internal impulses that drive the person to take action
96. Which of the following is the most important condition for diabetic patients to
learn how
to control their diet?
A. Use of pamphlets and other materials during instructions
B. Motivation to be symptom free
C. Ability of the patient to understand teaching instruction
D. Language used by the nurse
97. An important skill that a primigravida has to acquire is the ability to bathe her
newborn baby and clean her breast if she decides to breastfeed her baby, Which
of the following learning domain will you classify the above goals?
A. Psychomotor
B. Cognitive
C. Affective
D. Attitudinal
98. When you prepare your teaching plan for a group of hypertensive patients,
you first formulate your learning objectives. Which of the following steps in the
nursing process corresponds to the writing of the learning objectives?
A. Planning
B. Implementing
C. Evaluation
C. Assessment
99. Rose, 50 years old and newly diagnosed diabetic patient must learn how to
inject insulin. Which of the following physical attribute is not in anyway related to
her ability to administer insulin?
A. Strength
B. Coordination
C. Dexterity
D. Muscle Built
100. Appearance and disposition of clients are best observed initially during
which of the following situation?
A. Taking V/S
B. Interview
C. Implementation of the initial care
D. Actual Physical examination
Which statistic best reflects the nutritional status of a population?
Proportionate mortality rate
Infant mortality rate

Swaroop’s index
1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate
Knowing that malnutrition is a frequent community health problem, you decided to

conduct nutritional assessment. What population is particularly susceptible to protein
energy malnutrition (PEM)?
School age children
Pregnant women and the elderly
Under-5 year old children
1-4 year old children
Unused BCG should be discarded how many hours after reconstitution?

6
At the end of the day
In the conduct of a census, the method of population assignment based on the actual
physical location of the people is termed
De locus
De novo
De facto
De jure
Freedom of choice is one of the policies of the Family Planning Program of the
Philippines. Which of the following illustrates this principle?
Adequate information for couples regarding the different methods

Encouragement of couples to take family planning as a joint responsibility
Support of research and development in family planning methods
Information dissemination about the need for family planning
Which one of the following trends or concerns represents the greatest

current health care challenge to nurses?
A “New homelessness”
B Single parent families
C “Sandwiched generation”
D Alternate relationship patterns
A client with severe arthritis is returning home after having had a colostomy.
The client is unable to perform the colostomy care. The nurse should first:
Investigate whether or not someone else in the family or

A neighborhood will be able to do the colostomy care
B Refer the client to a colostomy self-help support group

Inform the client that an alternate way of managing the colostomy
C must be learned
D Arrange for a private duty nurse to take care of the client
Question 3
For the following examples, which assessment views the “family as

context?”
A The family’s demands on the client based on his role performance
The family’s ability to support the client’s dietary and recreational

B needs
C The client’s ability to understand and manage his own dietary needs
The adjustment of the client and family to changes in diet and

D exercise
The nurse is observing the interaction of family members during a home

visit. The nurse recognizes that the optimal goal of effective communication
within the family is:
A Role development of individual members
B Problem solving and psychological support
C Better financial conditions for the family
D Socialization among individual members
The nurse makes a home visit to a client living in a nuclear family system. In
assessing the roles and power structure of the family, the nurse should
specifically ask the client:
A “Who decides where to go on vacation?”
B “What types of activities do you and your family like?”
C “How many people live in your home?”
D “What type of health care insurance do you have?”
Certain societal trends or concerns may have an influence on the overall

health of families and create a challenge for health care providers. Of the
following trends, which represents the greatest current health care challenge
to nurses?
A “Homelessness”
B Single-parent families
C Alternate relationship patterns
D “Sandwiched” or middle generation
Effective communication within the family promotes:
A Socialization among individual members
B Problem solving and psychological support
C Better financial conditions for the family
D Role development of individual members

The nurse has recently been employed in a long-term care facility and must
learn gerontologic principles related to families. Which of the following is
one of those principles?
Members of later-life families do not have to work on developmental

A tasks.
Social support systems are likely to be different from those of clients

B in younger age groups.
Role reversal is usually expected and well accepted by the elderly

C client.
D The care-givers are often not members of the family
The nurse is observing for the signs of a healthy family. In an assessment of

a healthy family, the nurse expects to find that:
A The structure is flexible enough to adapt to crises
B A passive response exists to stressors.
C Change is viewed as detrimental to family processes.
D Minimal influence is exerted on the environment.

Among a number of changes in the way in which individuals live in today’s
society, which of the following is a current trend in families or family living?
A Reduction in the divorce rate
B More people living alone
C People marrying earlier
D People having more children
In completing a client’s family assessment, the nurse should begin by:
A Testing the family’s ability to cope
B Gathering the health data from all family members
Determining the family’s form and attitudes
D Evaluating communication patterns
Family-centered nursing is concerned with:

A Providing care outside the hospital for family members
B Caring for the expectant family
C Strengthening the family unit
Promoting the health of the family as a unit and the health of the
D individual member
The nurse is visiting the client and family in the home after the client’s
discharge from the medical center. The nurse seeks to assist the client to
return to the home environment. In implementing family-centered care, the
nurse:
A Provides his or her own beliefs on how to solve problems
B Works with clients to help them accept blame for their interactions
C Offers information about necessary self-care abilities
D Assists family members to assume dependent roles

Field Health Service Information System / FHSIS
● EO 352
● Official recording and reporting system of the DOH; used by the
National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) to generate health
statistics; essential tool in monitoring the health status of the
population at different levels
● Contains the day-to-day account of activities
● Is an essential tool in monitoring the health status of the population
at different levels.
Where the Field Health Service Information System is being held

● Barangay Health Station / Rural Health Unit
Individual Treatment Record / ITR

● Building block of FHSIS
● Contains the date, name, address of patient, presenting symptoms,
diagnosis, treatment, date of treatment
Health care workers are advised not to rely on

● Client-maintained records
Target Client Lists / TCLs

● Second building block of FHSIS
● Plan and carry out patient care and service delivery to monitor target or
eligible populations for particular health services
● Facilitates monitoring and supervision of the service delivery activities
● Reports services delivered thus reducing the need to refer back to the ITRs
to accomplish reporting
● Provide a clinic-level database that can be accessed for further studies
● Prenatal Care
● Postpartum Care
● Under 1-year-old
● Family Planning
● Sick Children
● NTP TB Register
● National Leprosy Control Program
Summary Table
● Form that has 12 columns which correspond to 12 months within the year;
accomplished by the Midwife; contains the Health Program
Accomplishments and Morbidity/Disease; updated on a monthly basis
Tool for the assessment of accomplishments and ready source of reports;

component of the Summary Table. Provides the midwife with a tool for
assessment of accomplishments and a ready source of reports.
● Health Program Accomplishments
Tool for giving information on monthly trend of diseases and serves as a source
for the 10 leading causes of morbidity; component of the Summary Table
● Morbidity/Disease
Source of data for any survey or research

● Summary Table
Assessment tool accomplished by the nurse; based on the Summary Table;

source of Quarterly Forms and output table of the RHU
● Monthly Consolidation Table
Reporting Tools
● Monthly forms
● Quarterly forms
● Annual forms
Reporting tool prepared by the midwife and is submitted to the nurse; basis for
Quarterly form
● Monthly form
Contains indicators categorized as Maternal care, Child care, Family Planning,

and Disease Control
● M1
Contains diseases by age and sex

● M2
Reporting tool prepared by the nurse; only one per municipality/city; submitted to
the Provincial Health Office
● Quarterly form
In cities with 2 or more RHUs, the consolidation is done under the
● City Health Officer
Contains the 3-month total of indicators categorized as Maternal care, Child care,
Family Planning, and Disease Control
● Q1
Contains the 3-month total report of disease by age and sex

● Q2
Annual form accomplished by the midwife

● A-BHS
Annual forms accomplished by the nurse

● A-1, A-2, A-3
Annual form which contains demographic, environmental, and natality data

● A-1
Annual form which contains the yearly morbidity report by age and sex
● A-2
Annual form which reports all deaths (mortality)

● A-3
Disease Registry
● Listing of people diagnosed with a specific type of disease in a defined
population
● Serves as a basis for monitoring, decision-making, and program
management
Develops and maintains Disease Registry for HIV/AIDS and Chronic

Non-Communicable Disease such as Cancer, DM, COPD, and Stroke
● DOH
Periodic governmental enumeration of the population

● Census Data
National Census of Population every 10 years
● Batas Pambansa bilang 72
Provides statistical information and services

● Philippine Statistical System
Policy-making body of the Philippine Statistical System

● National Statistical Coordination Board / NSCB
Arm of the PSS that generates general purpose statistics: population,

employment, prices, and family income/expenditures
● National Statistics Office (NSO) / Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA)
Legally established place of residence of people; used method for the national
census
● De Jure
Actual physical location of people

● De Facto
Magna Carta of Public Health Workers

● RA 7305
● To promote and improve the social and economic well-being of the health
workers, their living and working conditions, and terms of employment
● To develop their skills and capabilities in order that they will be more
responsive and better equipped to deliver health projects and programs
● To encourage those with proper qualifications and excellent abilities to join
and remain in government service
Code on Sanitation
● PD 856
indicates urgent hospital referral or admission

● PINK
indicates initiation of specific Outpatient Treatment

● YELLOW
indicates supportive home care

● GREEN
1. A public health nursing department seeks data to confirm that its service is most efficiently using limited
resources. This type of analysis is known as:
a cost-benefit analysis.
a cost-effectiveness analysis.
cost documentation.
productivity analysis.
2. The author of a research study states that the lack of statistical significance in the results may be related
to the sample size and suggests that the study be replicated with a larger sample. Which statement is
accurate?
An exact replication may produce the same results.

Replication of a well-designed study is appropriate.
Sample size is not important if the appropriate statistical techniques are applied.
Sample size is not related to statistical significance, so the author's suggestion is illogical.
3. Which rate is produced by dividing the number of deaths during one year by the estimated (mid-year)
population? Crude deaths
Morbidity incidence
Mortality prevalence
Proportional population rate
4. Within an epidemiological framework, interrelationships among a multitude of factors constitute the:
confounding variables.
natural history of a disease.
systems effect.
web of causation.
5. A statistical source for population age distributions, dependency ratios, and socioeconomic
characteristics is:
census data.
morbidity data.
service utilization data.

vital statistics.
6. Which scale refers to levels of magnitude or ranking?
Interval
Nominal
Ordinal
Ratio
7. Which type of power is associated with the role of the advanced public health nurse?
Expert
Legitimate
Referent
Reward
8. A grant proposal for a domestic violence prevention program addresses which characteristic of the target
population?
Current health care needs

Prevalent risk factors
Specific health conditions
Utilization of health care services
9. Surveying clients' knowledge of resources, identifying resource eligibility criteria, and comparing income
levels with agency fee structures are steps in which part of the grant proposal process?
Budgeting
Evaluation
Needs assessment
Program design
10. When assessing a community's health care needs, an advanced public health nurse interviews a
first-grade teacher and the editor of the weekly news bulletin. The nurse is using which data collection
method?
Key informant
Nominal group
Participant observer
Social survey
11. The primary role of an advisory board for a community-based health organization is to:
advocate for the community.

determine services to be provided.
develop policies and regulations.
provide funding advice to the health director.
12. The primary purpose for establishing nursing standards in public/community health settings is to:
describe and measure health care outcomes.

evaluate the performance of health care professionals.
implement current nursing skills and knowledge.
provide guidelines for improving the quality of care.
13. The results of a cost-effectiveness analysis of a health care service are usually expressed in terms of:
a particular health objective.

consumer satisfaction.
the type of service provided.
utilization of specific health programs.
14. The three essential elements of informed consent are:
accountability, beneficence, and paternalism.

confidentiality, truthfulness, and advocacy.
financial risk, rule of utility, and protection of privacy.
information, comprehension, and freedom from coercion.
15. Which program is an example of secondary prevention?
A community-wide nutrition program at fast-food establishments

A program to immunize persons exposed to infectious disease with immunoglobulin G within two weeks of
exposure
Alcoholics Anonymous
An exercise program for persons who have had a stroke
16. A community receives a grant for a health promotion program in a local school. The community health
department plans to appoint one representative from its nursing division to serve on the implementation
planning committee. Who is the most appropriate representative?
An advanced public health nurse from the health department clinic whose own children attend the school
An advanced public health nurse who is the nursing supervisor for the school's geographic area
An advanced public health nurse who precepts nursing students in providing school-based health care
The school nurse who is responsible for one census tract in the geographic area
17. A foodborne outbreak of salmonellosis has twice occurred at a day-treatment program. The
environmental health worker has requested that an advanced public health nurse be included in the next
inspection of the program's kitchen. During the visit, the nurse’s primary concern is to:
educate the kitchen workers about safe food preparation.

ensure the workers' understanding of various microorganisms.
identify other resources for providing food service.
promote the health of clients affected by the previous outbreaks.
18. The normative-reeducative strategy of change theory assumes that:
attitudes and practices are determined by cultural norms and knowledge is insufficient to change behavior.
client compliance can be achieved through the use of power to effect change.
people are rational and will adopt a new practice if it is in their best interest.
the driving and restraining forces needed for unfreezing can be identified in order to facilitate change.
19. The most effective way to assess the health care needs of older adults in a community is to:
conduct personal interviews with local health care and social services professionals.
rely on intuitive impressions obtained from working with older persons.
review demographic data from the most recent census.
survey a random sample of adult children who do not reside in the community.
20. A tornado strikes a mobile home community in a small rural town. Approximately 10 families are left
without food and shelter. Which reaction demonstrates the community's viability?
Community leaders activate the community disaster plan.

Community leaders contact the federal government about disaster relief.
Relief workers run out of bottled water and bedding supplies.
Tornado victims are sent to a boarding home in the nearest urban area.
21. Mortality rates from two communities can best be compared after calculating:
the age-adjusted rates.

the crude rates.
the gender-specific rates.
the prevalence rates.
22. Who established the Frontier Nursing Service to address the rural health needs of people in Kentucky?
Lillian Wald
Mary Breckenridge
Mary Brewster
William Rathborne
23. In planning a telehealth consultation system for a rural community, an advanced public health nurse first
focuses on the:
distances between the hub and the spoke servers.

needs of the community's residents and providers.
number of anticipated contacts per week.
sources of funding for capital and operating expenses.
24. Two days after a tornado, an advanced public health nurse meets with a group of survivors. Which
emotional reaction by the survivors does the advanced public health nurse expect?
Confusion and disillusionment

Enthusiasm and high optimism
Frustration with bureaucratic delays
Intense excitement
25. An advanced public health nurse investigates a cluster of cases of learning disabilities, hearing
impairment, and developmental delays in school-age children who live in an apartment complex that was
built in 1971. The nurse suspects exposure to:
carbon monoxide.
lead.
nitrogen dioxide.
radon.
1.The increasing number of people who must learn to live with chronic illness in the community
implies the need for the PHN to plan and implement a program on:
a. communicable disease control
b. health education
c. child survival
d. environmental education
2. In order to improve the health of a community, the PHN needs to develop their skill on:
1. informational gathering
2. social communication
3. environmental improvement
4. management
a. 1 and 2
b. 1,2,3, and 4
c. 2 and 3
d. 3 and 4
3. Illness prevention activities are directed toward helping the client and family reduce:
1. morbidity
2. mortality
3. risk factors
a. 1 and 2
b. 3 only
c. 1 only
d. 2 only
4. You followed-up Mrs. Luy, G5P4. Her eldest son is underweight and her youngest daughter
looks thin and pale. Mrs. Luy's present pregnancy would mean another additional member of the
family. This can be considered as:
a. health deficit
b. health deficit and health threat
c. health threat
d. foreseeable crisis
5. Tertiary prevention would best be described as

a. recovery from physical limitation and psychological regression
b. health teaching and immunization
c. rehabilitation of alcoholic and drug dependent
d. preventing disability and maximum use of remaining capacity
6. In order to facilitate the planning and implementation of an income-generating project in a

barangay, the Public Health Nurse can do the following except:
a. form working groups or committees
b. enlist the help of technical professionals training and guiding the people
c. form a core group to coordinate the various project
d. give the people all the freedom to do what they want
7. In formulating an objective of a community care plan, she expected results and people taking
part in the activities should be clearly defined. This refers to an objective which is;
a. time bounded
b. specific
c. resource oriented
d. measurable
8. As a supervisor you plan to conduct a seminar in response to the midwife's training need for
skills in community diagnosis. Which is an appropriate method to use to enable midwives to
apply knowledge they will gain the actual practice?
a. lecture
b. problem solving
c. group discussion
d. nominal group technique
9. You were requested to visit a child fever. Upon assessment, you found out that the child is
suffering from acute respiratory infection. What nursing intervention(s) would be appropriate in
this case?
a. relieve the child's sore throat and cough with safe remedies
b. all of these
c. advise the mother to watch the signs of pneumonia
d.feed the child to avoid weight loss
10. Environmental sanitation is the primary problem in community. Y, as a stranger of the health
unit, one of the major strategies in your plan is the improvement of the environmental health
conditions of the community. So you first intend to create public awareness and support. To
indicate this, which of the following would you do:
1. meet with youth officials and parents group leaders
2. meet with your religious and educational leaders
3. request mayors to create task force help implement your project
4. tip local announcers to disseminate the what and why of your project
a. 1 and 4 only
b. 3 only
c. 1,2,3, and 4
d. 1 and 3 only
11. Building a healthy community are based on the following basic principles except:
a. concreteness and reasoning to understand and solve problems
b. human beings do not functions independently but as group
c. target of change is not individual, nor family but community
d. environmental factors are more basic than institutional factors
12. In planning for the nursing care of the sick person in the home the major point that the nurse
must keep in mind is:
a. who will be responsible for the patient during the nurse's absence from the home
b. economic level of the family
c. the availability of the nearest hospital
d. whether or not the patient is under a private physician
13. Iwa, two years old was brought to the health center because of diarrhea for 4 days.
Assessment revealed that Iwa has under-nutrition. Which of the following actions will you take?
1. advise the mother to give milk and juices between meals at home
2. give nutritious food available at home
3. refer to the hospital for proper management
4. provide mother with ORS solution and show her how to give the solution
a. 2 and 4
b. 3 and 4
c. 1 and 2
d. all except number 3
14. Which of the following statements can be used to motivate a couple to practice family
planning?
a. family planning helps families improve their standard of living
b. family planning reduces/eliminates fear of unwanted pregnancies
c. family planning affords family members time to study or pursue occupational interests
d. all of the above
15. In evaluating your client level of wellness, which of the following indicators can you see?
1. appropriate nutritional level
2. sense of personal security
3. acceptance of oneself and one's limitation
4. maladaptations to one's environment
a. 1, 2, and 4
b. 2 and 3
c. 1, 2, and 3
d. 2 and 4
16. The following statements pertain to the devolution as mandate by the local government code,
Which of these is not correct?
a. people can participate in policy making relative to health care delivery
b. devolution will enhance the quality of community life
c. the barangay shall set criteria as who shall be given priority in the delivery of health care
services
d. the DOH shall transfer regulatory function of inspecting food establishments to local
government units
17. Which of the following is designed to help clients reduce risk to illness and maintain
maximum level of function
a. illness prevention
b. crisis intervention
c. rehabilitation
d. health promotion
18. You are the new PHN in barangay Masinag. In order to get a picture of the health and social
status of the community, it is necessary that you conduct a:
a. mass information campaign
b. home visit
c. community assembly
d. community health survey
19. Which of the following statements is correct regarding community health nursing?
a. evaluation of the health status of individuals and families should be done in consultation with
them
b. the PHN who work with communication for 6 can solely determine the needs of the
community
c. provision of PHN care is not in any way affected by policies of the agency where the nurse
works
d. professional growth and development of the PHN is the responsibility of DOH
20. In combating myths and misconceptions about family planning in the community, the first
thing that you should do as health educator is to:
a. identify the influential leaders of the community
b. select an approach to be used in correcting myths and misconception
c. decide as to who will be involved in the conference
d. identify myths and misconceptions prevailing in the community of their sources
21. To individualize care for a client and ensure him maximum participation in that care, which
should the nurse consider as the most important factor in planning the said care?
a. environment
b. educational attainment
c. health benefits and practices
d. health status
22. The midwife refers you to a family who fails to take action during a sick member of the
family despite her suggestions. In helping the family decide on what actions to take, you will:
1. explain the consequences of inaction
2. identify the courses of action open to family and the resources needed for each
3. discuss the consequences of each course of action available
4. influence the family to act on what you think is best for the situation
a. 2 and 3
b. 4 only
c. 1 and 4
d. 1, 2, and 3
23. Being the immediate supervisor of the Rural Health Midwives, the PHN prepares a
supervisory plan. Which of the following would be the PHN's activity?
a. perform needs assessment
b. list supervisory activities
c. identifying the training needs
d. formulate objectives for supervision
24. Which of the following phare/s characterize/s the 2 to 3 year old children?
1. prefers to feed themselves
2. eats very small nutritious meals a day rather than 3 large meals
3. can speak in longer sentences
4. can use toothbrush properly
a. 2 and 3
b. 1 and 2
c. 1 and 4
d. 2 and 4
25. As of 2oo2, the following data were obtained from municipality X

No. of live birth - 750
No. of infant deaths - 10
No. of maternal deaths - 6
Total population - 25,000
The 2002 maternal mortality rate of municipality X

a. 15/1000 live births
b. 12.5/1000 live births
c. 6/1000 live births
d. 8/1000 live births
26. Being a community Health Nurse, you are change agent. Which of the following roles must
you play to be able to succeed as a change agent?
1. information provider
2. information seeker
3. motivator
4. leader
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 1,2,3 and 4
c. 1 and 4 only
d. all except 2
27. Epidemiology is directly concerned with which of the following?

a. factors influencing occurrence and distribution of diseases, defects, disability of death of
groups of individuals
b. vital health statistics
c. environmental sanitation
d. treatment of a communicable
28. Under the local government code, health service must be developed to the local governments.
This means that local health agencies such as health centers/rural health centers must be under
the:
a. municipal government office
b. barangay health councils
c. district health office
d. provincial health office
29. An example of secondary prevention strategy would be:

a screening of breast cancer in women who have no symptoms
b. using pain control medications for termina; cancer patients
c. educating teenagers about using condoms to prevent of STD
d. none of the above
30. A key component of primary prevention strategies is:

a. aggressive interventions
b. detection
c. culture
d. education
31. An example of he continuum health model of health and wellness would be:
a. a person is either well or not, and the emphasis is on continuously and aggressively treating
people who are ill
b. predicting that a person will most likely continue good health practices, based on her or his
health practices in the past, such as getting flue shots
c. using acupuncture and therapeutic touch to cure disease instead of traditional medical
therapies
32. Integrative models of human health see health factors as:

a. derived solely from physical phenomena
b. intertwined and interactive, with multiple components such as physical, psychological, and
social
c. generally being attributable to psychosocial problems in individuals
d. effective only when combined and integrated with alternative therapies
33. Healthy people project is designed:

a. track health care trends so that the insurance liabilities can be anticipated, especially for poor
and urban populations
b. show that social factors have little or no impact on individual and community health
c. follow health indicators such as activity, substabnce use, mental health, and environmental
issues
d. show the access to health care in the United States is adequate for all populations
34. Which of the following behaviors are influenced by cultural expectations?

a. talking openly about the details of the illness
b. deciding whether to "feed a cold" or "starve a fever"
c. taking herbal supplements to boost the immune system
d. all of the above
35. The health behavior choices that are essential to promoting health and preventing diseases
are:
a. getting the right kind of food, adequate sleep, physical stress, and effectively handling stress
b. stopping smoking and taking vacations
c. making sure that all prescription mediations are taken properly and at the right time
d. avoiding crowds during flu season
36. Health status is influenced by which of the following:

a. lifestyle choices and community resources
b. availability of health technology such as diagnostic machines
c. presence of toxic environmental conditions
d. all of the above
37. Health activities are designed to:

a. prevent people from exposure to germs
b. ignore spiritual factors because they can confuse medical issues
c. increase communities' control over their health and well-being
d. make sure the community health nurse is in charge of health programs
38. An example of individual influences on health status would be:

a. cigarette smoking
b. a parent with adult-onset diabetes
c. exposure to toxic substance in workplace
d. all of the above
39. Community health nurses help influence the health communities through which of the
following questions?
a. legislative health behavior
b. recording health status of individuals in similar geographic region
c. influencing health status of behavior and engaging in health population
40. In which of the following settings would a community health nurse less likely to be involved?
a. neighborhood or community clinic or senior center
b. physician's office with focus on individual client care
c. home-based care
d. neighborhood planning board
41. Which of the following is a contribution of community health nurses to the community's
health?
a. providing health education to vulnerable populations
b. coordinating access to integrated care of population
c. developing comprehensive systems of health care in a variety of settings
d. all of the above
42. A nurse activity designed to diagnose and treat a disease or condition in its earliest stages,
before it comes full-blown, would be classified as:
a. primary prevention
b. secondary prevention
c. tertiary prevention
d. health education
43. A community that uses the resources of neighborhood church to provide a latchkey's children
program, to sponsor prayer/support groups for people who are ill, and to grow a community
health garden that sends vegetables to elderly shut-ins are engaged in what kind of activity?
a. disease prevention
b. health protection
c. risk management
d. health balance
44. A community health action that focuses on reducing frequency and severity of asthma in
inner-city children by requiring a local incinerator to install particulate filters is an example of:
a. downstream thinking
b. risk management
c. primary prevention
d. upstream thinking
45. A person with no known illness whose daily routine consists of walking and following a
healthy diet would be best characterized as engaging which kind of activities?
a. health balance
b. disease prevention
c. health promotion
d. self-fulfillment
46. As community health nurses engage in the process of community empowerment, it is

essential
that they:
a. gather data for the community
b. form partnerships with people in the community
c. make decisions for the people in the community
d. accept responsibility for people's action
47. For which type of clients is the community health nurse primarily responsible?
a. individuals
b. populations
c. families
d. class E citizens
48. The milk code aims to make sure that:

1. public gets correct information about breastmilk and breastfeeding
2. health workers should not give examples of infant formula to pregnant women or mothers of
infants
3. companies always acknowledge the superiority of breastmilk
4. health workers should not accept any incentives from milk companies
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 3 only
c. 1,2,3, and 4
d. all except 3
49. The following are classified as essential health services except:

a. provision of eye glasses and dentures for the elderly
b. maternal and child care
c. basic sanitation and prevention and control of locally endemic diseases
d. promotion of proper nutrition adequate supply of safe water and health education
50. In providing comprehensive family health care, the nurse utilizes four (4) basic processes.
These are listed in the order in which they are carried out as follow:
a. assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation
b. assessment, intervention, planning, and evaluation
c. planning, assessment, intervention, and evaluation
d. planning, intervention, evaluation and assessment
51. Which of the following measures the frequency of occurrence of the phenomenon during a
given period of time and which deals with only new cases?
a. prevalence rate
b. proportionate mortality rate
c. case fatality rate
d. incidence rate
52. As a community organization, the PHN facilitates the planning and implementation of
program subjects in the community. In the light of PHC approach these programs/projects should
be characterized but the following except:
a. managed by the community leaders/members
b. managed by non-government organizations for the people to ensure success
c. compatible with available resources
d. developmental in nature
53. The PHN needs to be adept in the following to be able to succeed in her health education
program:
a. teaching-learning strategies
b. giving accurate information
c. communication in exchange of ideas
d. all of these
54. Magna Carta of Public Health Workers aim to:

a. develop skills and capabilities of health workers to deliver health projects/programs
b. all of these
c. encourages those with proper qualifications to remain in government service
d. promote social and economic well-being of health workers
55. Mark, 9 months old is given oral rehydration solution because of diarrhea with some
dehydration. In your follow-up visit, you observed that Mark's eye become puffy. Which one of
the following would you do/advice Mark's mother
a. continue giving ORS but more slowly
b. show mother how much solution to give
c. stop ORS and give plain water or milk
d. reassess patient to determine how much ORS to give
56. Which of the statements about breastfeeding is/are correct?

1. breastfeeding within 30 minutes after birth can stimulate breastmilk production
2. breastmilk should be started 24 hours after delivery
3. breastmilk given exclusively for the first 4 to 6 months of life helps avoid introduction of
infection
4. breastfeeding should be done as often as the baby want
a. 2 and 3 only
b. 1 and 4 only
c. 1, 3, and 4 only
d. 1, 2, 3, and 4
57. A family planning method which is not advisable for women with extreme irregular menstrual
periods:
a. oral contraceptives
b. diaphragm
c. natural family planning
d. vaginal contraceptives
58. You attended a home delivery with the Rural Health midwife. The newborn is a premature.
Which of the following should premature infant care be at home?
a. establishing and maintaining good respiration
b. proper management of feeding
c. minimum handling of the baby
d. regulation of body temperature
59. BCG vaccine is supplied in:

1. freeze dried form in a sealed glass ampule
2. liquid form in a sealed glass ampule
3. liquid form in vial
a. 2 only
b. 3 only
c. 1 only
d. 2 and 3
60. In order to be effective as an occupational health nurse you should be equipped with the
knowledge and skills in which of the following:
1. public health science
2. research process
3. interviewing and counseling
4. oral and written communication
a. 1 and 2 only
b. 3 and 4 only
c. 1, 3 and 4
d. 1, 2, 3, 4
Situation: Health statistics will provide the nurse vital information which she can use for good
decision-making in relation to which specific health promotion/prevention activities will be
needed by which group of people in the community.
61. In 1996, there were 15 cases of Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) in Barangay B, while
Barangay C had 20 cases. A total number of children who have ARI is:
a. higher in barangay C than in barangay B
b. not comparable in Barangay B and C
c. higher in barangay B than in barangay C
d. data given is insufficient
62. From January 1 to 15, 1996, there were 8 cases of Tetanus neonatorum in San Lazaro
Hospital. There were two deaths. What is the case fatality ratio of this disease?
a. 20%
b. 30%
c. 28%
d. 25%
63. The infant rate is the number of children?

a. dying for every thousand of the population
b. dying from 0-5 year old in every thousand population
c. dying in the first 4 weeks in every thousand children born alive that year
d. during before 1 year old in every thousand children born alive that year
64. Which of the following measures of the proportion of population which exhibits a particular
disease at a particular time and deals in both new and old cases:
a. proportionate morbidity rate
b. case fatality rate
c. incidence ratio
d. prevalence ratio
65. Which of the following measures that risk of dying from causes related to pregnancy,
childbirth and puerperium:
a. maternal mortality
b. neonatal death rate
c. fetal death rate
d. infant mortality rate
Situation: The Occupational Health Nurse is aware of the basic concept of occupational health
nursing and is responsible in preparing and implementing the occupational health program.
66. The following statement describes specifically occupational health nursing

a. this involves prevention, recognition and treatment of injury and illness
b. all of these
c. the application of nursing principles in conserving the health of workers in all occupation
d. this requires special skills in the field of health, education and counseling
67. The occupational health nursing is concerned of the following except:

a. educating workers about health
b. immediate diagnosis of illness prevailing in work field
c. appropriate and effective ways of promoting health
d. planning of administering health services
68. The nurse understands that the primary goal of the occupational health program is :
a. curative care of workers/employees
b. birth and death rates
c. disease trends
d. social environmental conditions
69. In order to establish priorities in planning and implementing the occupational health program,
the nurse will need which of the following data:
a. disease trends, birth and death rates and social environmental conditions
b. birth and death rates
c. disease trends
d. social environmental conditions
70. In the provision of preventing care to workers, the nurse must be aware of biological hazards
which are harmful to workers and their families such as:
a. bacteria, fungi and insects
b. noise
c. toxic metals, poisonous gas fumes and dust
d. stress
Situation: The following are questions that relates to Community Health Nursing
71. A nurse is practicing community health nursing when

a. she leads a support group for obese adolescents
b. she visits an old women in her condominium to change her postsurgical dressing
c. she is in a clinic instructing a couple about newborn care
d. she is performing any of these activities
72. A public health nurse can say that she is beginning to achieve her goal of more optimal health
for her community when:
a. people learn self-care
b. people become involved in determining health care policy
c. all these indicators are present
d. people assumes responsibility for their own health
73. The emphasis of community health nursing is on:

a. treatment of health problems
b. preventing problems and promoting optimum health
c. identification and assessment of health problems
d. illness end of the wellness-illness continuum
74. When the Public Health Nurse assess needs and plan health interventions for a group of
people in coordination with other health professionals, she is demonstrating which of the
following features of community health nursing:
a. CHN involves interdisciplinary collaboration
b. use of epidemiologic approach is an essential par of the nurse practice
c. CHN is oriented to populations
d. CHN promotes client's participation in determining their own health
75. Which of the following statement about CHN is wrong

a. CHN synthesizes public health with nursing
b. CHN emphasizes health
c. promoting clients autonomy is a responsibility of public nursing
d. CHN make it unique contribution to health care not by the natures of its practice but where it is
practiced
Situation: Family planning is one of the health care services provided by nurse in the health
centers, hospitals and private clinics
76. The Philippine Family Program seeks to improve and maintain the following life-saving
measures.
1. proper spacing of pregnancies
2. proper timing of pregnancies
3. fewer pregnancies
4. give special concern to mothers with lingering maternal illness
a. 1 and 3
b. 3 and 4
c. 1 and 4
d. 1,2,3,4
77. The major target of the Philippine Family Program are women belonging to the high risk
group which is or are the following:
a. Women under 20 or over 35 years old
b. women suffering from certain medical conditions that contradict pregnancy
c. all these groups
d. women who have least 4 deliveries
78. Which of the following statements is not correct regarding family planning:
a. family planning is services should be made available to those who need them
b. it is the responsibility of every parent to determine whether to have children when or how
many
c. family planning is geared towards individual and family welfare
d. the ultimate goal of family planning is to prevent pregnancies
79. In the implementation of the national family planning program, the government assumes the
role of a:
a. decision-maker in the practice of family planning methods
b. regulator
c. facilitator
d. dictator
Situation: Being the public health nurse, you provide community health nursing to the family
81. The nurse performs the following to determine the family nursing problems/needs
a. goal setting
b. family health care plan formulation
c. assessment
d. evaluation
82. The sources of information about the family is or are the following:
a. interview results with members of the family
b. family folder
c. actual observation of the family situation
d. all these sources of information
83. The family presents several problems. Which of the following criteria is considered in
determining the priority health problem:
a. expected consequence of the problem
b. cooperation and support of the family
c. involvement of the members of the family in the problem
d. modifiability of the problem
84. The following is an important basis in preparing the family health care plan:
a. needs and problems gathered and recognized by the nurse herself
b. data gathered from the health center
c. needs and problems as seen and accepted by the family
d. needs as expected by the midwife assigned in the area where the family resides
85. The family health care plan includes the following listed in sequence
a. objective, statement of the problem, intervention and evaluation
b. objectives, intervention, evaluation and statement of the problem
c. evaluation, statement of the problems, objectives and interventions
d. statement of the problems, objectives, intervention and evaluation
Situation: In the municipality where you are assigned, the people have poor hygiene practices,
poor environmental sanitation, and poor nutrition. Their educational levels are low, Infant
mortality rate (IMR) is low compared to the national IMR
86. In this municipality, the nursing health care plan should be focused on
a. rehabilitative services
b. all these services
c. health promotion and disease prevention
d. curative services
87. In order to determine what specific health teaching should be appropriate for the people of
this municipality, which of the following is the best methods to use:
a. interview of midwives
b. review records and reports
c. study knowledge, attitudes and practices of the people
d. review of the health statistics
88. For Barangay Mabulaklak, in this municipality has poor hygienic practices and poor
environmental condition. These are contributing factors to which of the following disease
conditions:
a. influenza
b. hepatitis B
c. parasitism
d. measles
89. For Barangay Mabulaklak, you therefore intend to conduct health education sessions for a
group of mothers. Which of the following topics for discussion will be given least priority?
a. proper selection and preparation of food
b. handwashing before preparing food
c. cutting children's fingernails short
d. overcrowding and its effect
90. You assisted the midwife in formulating the objectives of the plan of care for Barangay
Mabulaklak. Which of the following is a well-stated objective:
a. to reduce the number of children with ascariasis by the end of two years
b. to protect the water sources from pollution
c. to conduct health teachings on proper nutrition
d. to reduce the number of underweight children by 10%
91. The delivery of basic health services was developed to the local government units. The legal
basis for this is embodied in:
a. RA 7035
a. EO 119
c. RA 7160
d. PD 999
92. Local health boards were established at the provincial, city, and municipal levels. At the
municipal level, the chairman of the board is the:
a. rural health physician
b. public health nurse
c. municipal mayor
d. chairman of the committee on health
93. Certain health policies/strategies serve as guidelines in the delivery of services. Which of
these is incorrect:
a. growth monitoring chart is a tool recommended for the assessment and recording of the child's
health condition
b. voluntary blood donation shall be promoted through organization of walking blood banks in
rural
c. public sectors is encouraged to work separately from the private sector for effective utilization
of resources
d. traditional birth attendants are trained and allowed to provide prenatal care to mothers
94. Under the present system, the local government unit shall be responsible for which of the
following:
a. operation and maintenance of health facilities
b. all of these activities
c. implementation of health programs/projects
d. delivery of health services
95. With the present system, family planning program at the municipal barangay levels are
managed by:
a. non-government organization
b. LGU's
c. all these units/organizations are managing family planning program
d. other government organizations
96. In the preparation of your health education plan, the first thing to do is:
a. assess community needs for health education
b. identify the subjects for health teaching
c. specify your goals and objectives
d. identify who will provide support and type of support to be provided
97. You are an effective educator if you can:

a. listen to people's problems and then decide approach for meeting their needs
b. select the best strategy for health action for the people to implement
c. direct the people's effort to implement community-based projects
d. just tell your clients what to do for their problems/needs
98. In teaching a responsible member of the family to perform a certain procedure of the patient,
what is the best thing to do:
a. do all these steps
b. arrange for the practice of the procedure
c. describe the procedure
d. demonstrate the procedure
Situation: Mrs. Amy Madril, a clinical instructress, begins her lecture in CHN with the history of
nursing in the Philippines. The following are the important points that she discussed with her
students.
101. The first Filipino nurse supervisor that worked in the Bureau of Health was appointed to
office in 1919. This nurse is no other than:
a) Ms. Carmen del Rosario
b) Mrs. Genara de Guzman
c) Mrs. Annie Sand
d) Mrs. Anastacio Giron-Tupas
102. The earliest school of nursing in the country is the:

a) Ilo-Ilo Mission Hospital School of Nursing
b) St. Paul's Hospital School of Nursing
c) University of Sto. Tomas College of Nursing
d) Manila Central University
103. The organization of nurses employed in the DOH is the:

a) Philippine Nurses Association
b) National League of Nurses
c) Catholic Nurses Guild of the Philippines
d) MCNAP
104. To be able to work as a public health nurse, the minimum requirement that should be met is:
a) BSN
b) BSN, RN
c) BSN, RN, 1 year experience
d) BSN, RN, 25 years old, 1 year experience
105. A nurse working in the community assumes different roles. When the nurse acts as a
community organizer, she does which of the following functions?
i. motivate and enhance community participation when planning and implementing health
programs and services
ii. develops family's capability to take care of a sick member
iii. identifies needs, priorities and problems of individuals, families and community
iv. participates in community development activities
v. coordinates with government and nongovernment organization in the implementation of
research and studies
106. In terms of CHN practice, the nurse in the community is trained as:
a) nurse-midwife
b) practice nursing
c) generalist in nursing
d) midwife
Situation: Mrs. Fuentes, a nurse who has been with the DOH for more than twelve years already,
was promoted as a Nurse Supervisor.
107. The following are the qualifications of Nurse Supervisor at the provincial level except:
a) BSN, RN
b) at least 3 yrs. experience
c) Master's in public health
at least 5 yrs experience in public health
108. The following are functions of the Provincial Nurse Supervisor except:
a) interprets policies, guidelines, and SDP to nursing and midwifery staff of province
b) assesses training needs and plans for staff development program for nursing and midwifery
staff
c) participates in planning, developing and evaluating OJT for nurses and midwives conducted by
the department
d) collects, consolidates, analyzes and interprets health record and reports and makes
recommendation as needed
109. The following are requirements and qualifications of regional nurse supervisor
1) BSN, RN
2) with at least 5 years experience in CHN
3) with MAN major in CHN
4) with 2 years experience in supervisory position
a) 1 & 2
b) 2 & 4
c) 1,2,3
d) 1,2,3,4
110. A colleague who is interested in the position of a chief nurse in a city health office asked
Mrs. Fuentes about the qualifications she must meet. Mrs. Fuentes correctly answers that the
following are qualifications of chief nurse in city health departments and health offices:
1) master's degree in public health major in community health nursing administration
2) doctorate degree in public health
3) 3 years in supervisor position
4) 2 yrs. in the Asst. Chief Nurse position
a) 1 & 3
b) 2 & 4
c) 1,2,3
d) 1,2,3,4
111. Considering her qualifications, Mrs. Fuentes told her colleague that she is qualified to take
the position of Assistant Chief Nurse, a position responsible for the following tasks:
1) assesses needs for community health services as part of total health program
2) evaluates the quality and efectivity of nursing services in relation to the total health program
3) coordinates community health services with other health and socio-economic progress
4) supervises, coordinates and evaluate the performance of the District Nurse Supervisors and
assists them in the evaluation of Community Health Nurses
a) 1 & 3
b) 2 & 4
c) 1,2,3
d) 4 only
112. In terms of CHN practice, the nurse in the community is trained as:
a) nurse-midwife
b) generalist in nursing
c) practice nursing
d) midwife
113. Which one below should the CHN utilize to reach more people in the community for health
promotion?
a) home visit fo the control
b) radio announcement
c) announcement in public market
d) community assembles like mother class
114. When the PHN conducts pre-marriage counseling or responsibility, she performs:
a) role modeling
b) change agent role
c) health monitoring role
d) counselor
115. As a public health nurse, what is your primary function or responsibility?

a) health promotion
b) health restoration
c) prevention of illness
d) prevention of complication
116. Which of the following principles of CHN is inaccurate?

a) CHN is based on recognized needs of individuals, groups, families, and communities
b) In CHN, the family is the unit of the service
c) health teaching is part and parcel of the responsibility of the community health nurse
d) the community health nurse works alone even as she is a member of the health team
117. the ultimate goal of the community health services being provided by the government is to:
a) help communities cope up with health threats and discontinue of life
b) promote reciprocally supportive relationship between people and environment
c) increase level of awareness for the level of wellness
d) raise the level of health of the citizenry
118. the primary focus of the community health nursing is:

a) health promotion
b) health education
c) delivery of basic nursing services
d) maternal and child services
Situation: Primary Health Care (PHC) is defined by the WHO as essential health care made
universally accessible to individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them,
through their full participation and at a cost that the community and country can afford at every
stage of development.
119. The WHO held a meeting in this place where primary health care was discussed. What is
this place?
a) alma ata
b) Russia
c) Vienna
d) Geneva
120. Health problems beyond the capacity of PHC units are referred to the RHU. The RHU team
consist of all except:
a) physician
b) nurse
c) midwife
d) city engineers
121. The primary components of the PHC include:

a) immunization and Control Communicable Diseases
b) health education
c) environmental sanitation
d) all of the above
122. The legal basis for the PHC is the:

a) LOI 949
b) RA 7164
c) PD No. 773
d) PD 996
123. The key strategy to obtain the mission of PHC is:

a) partnership with people
b) organizations of communities arising from their expressed needs
c) development of inter-sectioned linkages
d) mobilization of people
124. Steven is a trained community worker in the community. Steven is identified at what level of
primary health care worker
a) intermediate level health care
b) BHW's
c) trained hilot
d) volunteer
Situation: A strategy of the DOH to achieve health goals is increasing investments for
primary health care.
125. There are 4 cornerstones/pillars in PHC. Of the following which is not included?
a) active community participation
b) intra and intersectoral linkages
c) use of appropriate technology
d) government funds
126. The following are elements of PHC except:

a) environmental sanitation
b) control of CD
c) FHSIS
d) provision of essential drugs
127. The legal basis of PHC is:

a) LOI 949
b) RA 7305
c) EO 51
d) RA 3573
128. Which of the following is the mission of PHC?

a) health for all Filipinos and health in the hands of the people by year 2020
b) strengthening the health care system by increasing opportunities wherein people will
manage their own health care
c) partnership and empowerment of the people
d) community based
129. It is defined by WHO as essential health care made universally accessible to

individuals and families in the community by means acceptable to them
a) PHC
b) primary health service
c) UNICEF
d) ANSAP
Situation: The modern concept of health refers to optimum level of functioning of individual,
groups, families, and communities. There are several factors in the eco-system which affect this
level of functioning.
130. The following are mission of the DOH except?

a) ensure accessibility
b) quality of health care
c) health of all Filipinos
d) quality of life of all Filipinos
131. The vision of DOH is:

a) health for all Filipinos
b) health for all Filipinos in the year 2004
c) health in the hands of the people
d) health care that is globally competitive
132. Eco-system influences an optimum level of functioning (OLOF). Which of the following
factors refers to safety, oppression, people and employment?
a) behavior
b) heredity
c) political
d) health care delivery system
133. According to the WHO, health is?

a) a state of complete, physical, mental and social well being not merely the absence of disease
b) a science and art of preventing disease and prolonging life
c) a science dedicated to the common attainment of the highest level of physical, mental and
social well being
d) a learned process of well being with the ultimate goal of wellness, as individual and in
collaboration with others
Situation: The WHO expert committee of nursing defines public health nursing as a special field
of nursing that combines the special skills of nursing, public health and some phases of social
assistant and functions as part of the total health program for the promotion of health
improvement of conditions in the social and physical environment, rehabilitation of illness and
disability.
134. In case of complication to improper use of technology, to whom should cases be preferred
to:
a) rural physician
b) city health office
c) midwife
d) district hospital
135. As an occupational health nurse in the industry, you are primarily responsible to:
a) institute health precautionary measure preventing accidents (helmets, gloves, mask)
b) assess each employee for possible respiratory infections
c) follow-up existing medical problems an appropriate medical referral
d) health education and awareness dissemination regarding communicable disease
Dianne
1. As an important tool for planning a community health survey was conducted.
There is a first tangible outcome of collaboration and teamwork with the Local
Health Department and it’s Rural Health Units (RHUs). This later led to case
findings activities via collection and examination of stools from children for
suspected parasitism. Which of the following community nursing diagnoses will
guide the Parish Health Team for concrete action?
A. Parasitism as a foreseeable crisis
B. Malnutrition as a health deficit
C. Parasitism as a health deficit
D. Parasitism as a health threat
2.The following are nursing interventions to address the problems on parasitism
EXCEPT:
A. Treatment of patients with the broad spectrum antihelmintics
B. Stress that vegetables should be thoroughly washed especially if eaten raw C. Teach
proper disposal of stools and stress that is shouldn’t be use a fertilizer
D. Encouraging hand washing before and after eating
3. In evaluating the nursing care given, which of the following vital statistics in the
communities served will indicate BEST their health status?
A. 0 crude death rate for the year 2012
B. 50% (Swaroop’s ) index for the year 2011
C. 0 infant mortality rate for the year 2011
D. 0 crude birth rate for the year 2011
Situation 1– You are aware that one of the continuing challenges faced by nurses in
community health nursing practice is how to maximally engage people to participate in
the development of their own communities. The following situation applies:
4. You organize community groups to participate in the community activities. You can
BEST motivate to participate in community health development program by:
A. Conducting group works
B. Instructing the people to agree with your plans
C. Allowing the people to exercise decision-making
D. Assigning people participative roles
5. As community health nurse engaged in the process community empowerment, it is
essential that you:
A. Gather data from the community
B. Make decisions for people in the community
C. Form partnerships with people in the community
D. Accepts responsibility for people’s action
6. You understand that one characteristics of a community that is described as having
community competencies is that which has the ability to:
A. Identify their needs, achieve consensus, and plan and implement goals
B. Delegate any community processes to an outside expert such as the community
health nurse
C. Perform their own cross-sectional epidemiological studies
D. Predict morbidity and mortality rates in the population or geographic area
Situation 9 – The occurrence of non-communicable disease (NCDs) is on the rise and is
attributed to the changing lifestyle of Filipinos. The major NCDs are cardiovascular
diseases (CVDs), cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diabetes
mellitus (DM). The community health nurse can help address these problems.
15. The major risk factors common to the above mentioned 4 major NCDs are:
A. Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and smoking
B. Hypertension, sedentary lifestyle and poor stress management
C. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle and smoking
D. Unhealthy diet, alcoholism, and sedentary lifestyle
16. The Filipino Food Guide Pyramid strongly emphasizes the need for: 1. Ensuring
variety of foods everyday 2. Eating diet low in fats and sugar 3. Maintaining specific
daily serving of food groups 4. Avoiding poor eating habits
A. 1, 2, 3 and 4
B. 1 and 2 only
C. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5
D. 1, 2, and 3
17. Diabetes has become a major health problem. The nurses can help to reduce the
incidence of diabetes by:
A. Extensive screening of diabetes patients
B. Helping implement Republic Act 8191-Natioanal Diabetes Act
C. Establishing the support group for diabetes patients
D. Increasing the community awareness of diabetes prevention
18. This is a learning process whereby knowledge, attitudes and practice of people are
changed to improve the health status of individuals, families or communities
A. Motivatin
B. Counseling
C. Disease prevention
D. Health education
19. The BEST strategies to addresses the nutrition problems of Filipinos related to
Non-communicable diseases are the following, EXCEPT:
A. Aim for ideal body weight
B. Consider food preferences of family members
C. Build healthy nutrition-related practices
D. Choose food wisely
A patient in Mindanao was diagnosed to have Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. The
therapeutic regimen for the patient includes the following EXCEPT:
1. Rapid replacement of plasma loss
2. Aspirin for high fever
3. Rapid fluid and electrolyte replacement
4. Oxygen therapy
Situation 14 – a relevant DOH program addresses community health conditions
particularly Tuberculosis. Again, safety and quality of care is every nurse’s concern. The
following questions apply.
26.Directly Observed treatment Short Course (D.O.T.S.) can do all of the following
except.
1.Stop resistance to anti-Tb drugs
2.Cure TB patients
3.Require hospitalization
4.Prevent new infection among children and adults.
27.Which of the following statement about TB treatment is INCORRECT?
1.Combination of 3-4 anti-TB drugs is the treatment of choice
2.Single drug is appropriate
3.Treatment rendere patients non-infection and cured
4.Tuberculosis is a curable disease
Situation: Field health services and information system provides summary data on
health service delivery and selected program from the barangay level up to the national
level. As a nurse, you should know the process on how these information became
processed and consolidated
36.All of the following are objectives of FHSIS Except
a.To complete the clinical picture of chronic disease and describe their natural
history
b.To provide standardized, facility level data base which can be accessed for more in
depth studies
c.To minimize recording and reporting burden allowing more time for patient care and
promotive activities
d.To ensure that data reported are useful and accurate and are disseminated in a timely
and easy to use fashion
37.What is the fundamental block or foundation of the field health service information
system?
a.Family treatment record
b.Target Client list
c.Reporting forms
d.Output record
38.What is the primary advantage of having a target client list?
a.Nurses need not to go back to FTR to monitor treatment and services to
beneficiaries thus saving time and effort
b.Help monitor service rendered to clients in general
c.Facilitate monitoring and supervision of services
d.Facilitates easier reporting
39.Which of the following is used to monitor particular groups that are qualified as
eligible to a certain program of the DOH?
a.Family treatment record
b.Target Client list
c.Reporting forms
d.Output record
Situation 11: The goal of the Nutrition program is to improve quality of life of Filipinos
through better nutrition, improved health and increased productivity.
42. Malnutrition continues to be a public health concerns in the country. The common
nutritional deficiencies are the following, except:
a.Vitamin A
b. Iron
c. Iodine
d. Calcium
47.It includes stressful occurrences called as:
a.Health deficit
b.Health threats
c. Health need
d. Forrseeable crisis
48.A health deficit is:
a.Conditions that promote disease or injury and prevent people from realizing their
health potential
b.There is a health problem that can be alleviated with medical or social technology.
c.There is a gap between actual and achievable health status.
d.Illness of a family member is an example.
49. Conditions that promote disease or injury and prevent people from realizing their
health potential termed as:
a.Health deficit
b.Health threats
c. Health need
50.No regular health check-up is an example of:
a.Health deficit
b.Health threats
c. Health problem
51.A situation in which there is a demonstrated health need combined with actual or
potential resources to apply remedial measures and a commitment o act on the part of
the provider or the client is:
a.Health deficit
b.Health problem
c. Health need
Situation 8- the public health nurse must be knowledgeable in vital statistics. The
following questions pertain.
67.It refers to a systematic approach of obtaining, organizing and analyzing numerical
facts so that conclusion may be drawn from them.
a.Vital statistics
b.Statistics
c. Morbidity
d. Mortality
68. Refers to the systematic study of vital events such as births, illnesses, marriages,
divorce, separation and deaths.
a.Vital statistics
b. Morbidity
c.Statistics
d. Mortality
69.Statistics of disease and death is termed as:
a.Statistics
b.Vital statistics
c. Morbidity
d. Mortality
70.Statistics of illnesses termed as:
a.Vital statistics
b.Statistics
c. morbidity
d. Mortality
21. Epidemiology is used for:
a. Determine the factors that brought about occurrence of an epidemic
b. Evaluating the effectiveness of the under five clinic program
c. Determining the efficacy of garlic in preventing hypertension.
d. All of the above
22. Immunity by the antibody formation during the course of a disease is
a. Active Natural.
b. active artificial
c. passive natural
d. passive artificial
23. When a factor must necessarily be present for a disease to occur, it is describe as
a. predicitive
b. associative
c. contributory
d. Causative
26. Primary level of prevention is illustrated by;
a. teaching the mother of a child with diarrhea how to use Oresol
b. isolation of a child with chickenpox
c. Conducting Operation Timbang
d. Teaching a patient post mastectomy exercises
Situation: Form July to September, twere were two outbreaks of typhoid fever in Santa
Rosa, Laguna. Epidemiologic investigation was undertaken by the rural health unit
team.
28. As a public health nurse, you know that typhoid fever is caused by:
a. Poor personal hygiene practices
b. Intake of unsafe food and/or water
c. Inhalation of contaminated air
d. Fomites
29. The primary purpose of conducting an epidemiologic investigation is to
a. identify group who are at risk of contracting the disease
b. Delineate the etiology of the epidemic
c. Encourage cooperation and support of the community
d. Identify geographical location of cases of the disease in the community
30. To which step of epidemiologic investigation will ascertain the number of cases of
typhoid fever occuring in the community belong?
a. establishing the epidemic
b. appraisal of facts
c. Formulation of the hypothesis
d. testing the hypothesis
41. 1,350 persons died within the past year. 36 persons died due to pnuemonia. 540 of
those who dies were aged 50 yrs and above. what is the crude death rate?
a. 52/1,000
b. 54/1,000
c. 2.7%
d. 27%
42. What is the Swaroop's Index of the community?
a. 30%
b. 35%
c. 40%
d. 45%
43. What numerator will be used in computing neonatal moratality rate?
a. number of deaths aged 1 week and below
b. number of deaths aged 1 month and below
c. number of deaths aged 28 days and below
d. number of deaths aged 11 months and below
44. What denominator is used in computing general fertility rate?
a. estimated midyear population
b. number of registered live births
c. number of pregnancies in the year
d. number of females of reproductive age
45. In gathering data about the community, which of these are important?
a. People's major concerns even if they are not health related
b. their occupation, geographic distribution and seasonal movement of the population
c. health status, nutrition, housing and sanitation
d. all of these are important
52. As a public health nurse, one of the functions that you will perform is monitoring of
the health status of the community. Weekly monitoring will be accomplished for which
diseases?
a. severe acute diarrhea
b. typhoid fever
c. all of these above
d. Pneumonia
55. Which of the following statements is InCORRECT regarding measles control?
a. Treating measles patients with high dose vit. a significantly reduces ortality rate.
b. all cases of measles should be reported
c. As a routine, measles vaccine is given to infants between 9-12 months of age
d. there are specific contraindication for giving measles vaccine
56. For prevention of hepatitis A, you decided to conduct health education activities.
Which of the following is IRRELEVANT?
a. Safe food preparation and food handling by vendors
b. Proper disposal of human excreta and personal hygiene
c. Use of sterile syringes and needle for injection
d. Immediate reporting of water pipe leaks and illegal water connections
72. As an epidemiologist, the nurse is responsible for the presentation of health
statistics. To compare the frequency of occurrence of pneumonias and diseases of the
heart, which graph will she prepare?
a. Line
b. Bar
c. Pie
d. Scatter diagram
78. WHich of the criteria must the nurse take into consideration when determining
which of the identified health problems should be given priority after conducting
community diagnosis?
a. Magnitude of the health problem
b. Nature of the problem presented
c. Modifiability of the problem
d. All of these should be taken into consideraton
80. To which level of prevention does screening of potential blood donooors belong?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary
d. intermediate
Situation: two other diseases endemmic in certain parts of the Philippines are malaria
and schistoosomiasis
96. The most common diagnostic test for schistossomiasis is through;
a. stool analysis
b. blood examinatiion
c. urine examination
d. sputum examination
97. Schistosomiasis can be controlled by observing the following
1. building of foot bridges
2. wearing boots by farmers and fisherman
3. using sanitary toilets
4. clearing vegetation
a. 1,2,4
b. 2,3,4
c. 1,3,4
d. 1,2,3,4
98. Malaria is endemiic in the following are except;
a. Q.C
B. pALAWan
c. Tawi-tawi
d. Kalinaga and Apayao
99. To confirm the presence of the disease in a victim, she should be subjected to;
a. urine exam
b. stool analysisi
c. blood smear
d. sputum mecioscopy
100. Part of malaria control in the endemic ara are the following EXCEPT;
a. Use of mosquito repellant at night
b. Propagating "tilapia" in fish foods
c. Planting Eucalyptus trees
d. destroy fishes in ponds
6. Accidents happening during weekends are?
a)Cyclic trends
b)Seasonal trends
c)Secular trends
d)Point source epidemic
7. Rural and urban population is differ in incidence in all disease except?
a)Bronchitis
b)TB
c)Lung cancer
d)Mental illness
WHO STEPS is used for?
a)Communicable disease
b)Non-communicable disease
c)Immunodeficiency diseases
d)Auto-immune diseases
8. R.A. 7160 mandates devolution of basic services from the national government to
local government units. Which of the following is the major goal of devolution?
A. To strengthen local government units
B. To allow greater autonomy to local government units
C. To empower the people and promote their self-reliance
D. To make basic services more accessible to the people
9. As an epidemiologist, the nurse is responsible for reporting cases of notifiable
diseases. What law mandates reporting of cases of notifiable diseases?
A. Act 3573
B. R.A. 3753
C. R.A. 1054
D. R.A. 1082
Rationale: Act 3573, the Law on Reporting of Communicable Diseases, enacted in
1929, mandated the reporting of diseases listed in the law to the nearest health station
28. Which disease was declared through Presidential Proclamation No. 4 as a target for
eradication in the Philippines?
A. Poliomyelitis
B. Measles
C. Rabies
D. Neonatal tetanus
Rationale: (B) Measles Presidential Proclamation No. 4 is on the Ligtas Tigdas
Program.
29. The public health nurse is responsible for presenting the municipal health statistics
using graphs and tables. To compare the frequency of the leading causes of mortality in
the municipality, which graph will you prepare?
A. Line
B. Bar
C. Pie
D. Scatter diagram
Rationale: (B) Bar A bar graph is used to present comparison of values, a line graph for
trends over time or age, a pie graph for population composition or distribution, and a
scatter diagram for correlation of two variables
33. An indicator of success in community organizing is when people are able to
A. Participate in community activities for the solution of a community problem
B. Implement activities for the solution of the community problem
C. Plan activities for the solution of the community problem
D. Identify the health problem as a common concern
Answer: (A) Participate in community activities for the solution of a community problem
Participation in community activities in resolving a community problem may be in any of
the processes mentioned in the other choices.
34. Tertiary prevention is needed in which stage of the natural history of disease?
A. Pre-pathogenesis
B. Pathogenesis
C. Prodromal
D. Terminal
Rationale: (D) Terminal Tertiary prevention involves rehabilitation, prevention of
permanent disability and disability limitation appropriate for convalescents, the disabled,
complicated cases and the terminally ill (those in the terminal stage of a disease)
35. Isolation of a child with measles belongs to what level of prevention?
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Intermediate
D. Tertiary
Answer: (A) Primary The purpose of isolating a client with a communicable disease is to
protect those who are not sick (specific disease prevention
36. On the other hand, Operation Timbang is _____ prevention.
A. Primary
B. Secondary
C. Intermediate
D. Tertiary
Answer: (B) Secondary Operation Timbang is done to identify members of the
susceptible population who are malnourished. Its purpose is early diagnosis and,
subsequently, prompt treatment.
37. Which type of family-nurse contact will provide you with the best opportunity to
observe family dynamics?
A. Clinic consultation
B. Group conference
C. Home visit
D. Written communication
Answer: (C) Home visit Dynamics of family relationships can best be observed in the
family’s natural environment, which is the home.
38. The typology of family nursing problems is used in the statement of nursing
diagnosis in the care of families. The youngest child of the de los Reyes family has
been diagnosed as mentally retarded. This is classified as a
A. Health threat
B. Health deficit
C. Foreseeable crisis
D. Stress point Answer:
(B) Health deficit Failure of a family member to develop according to what is expected,
as in mental retardation, is a health deficit.
39. The de los Reyes couple have a 6-year old child entering school for the first time.
The de los Reyes family has a
A. Health threat
B. Health deficit
C. Foreseeable crisis
D. Stress point Answer: (C) Foreseeable crisis Entry of the 6-year old into school is an
anticipated period of unusual demand on the family.
40. Which of the following is an advantage of a home visit?
A. It allows the nurse to provide nursing care to a greater number of people.
B. It provides an opportunity to do first hand appraisal of the home situation.
C. It allows sharing of experiences among people with similar health problems.
D. It develops the family’s initiative in providing for health needs of its members
Situation: Epidemiology is used in the assessment of a community or evaluation of
interventions in community health practice.
46. Which of the following is an epidemiologic function of the nurse during an epidemic?
A. Conducting assessment of suspected cases to detect the communicable disease
B. Monitoring the condition of the cases affected by the communicable disease
C. Participating in the investigation to determine the source of the epidemic
D. Teaching the community on preventive measures against the disease Answer: (C)
Participating in the investigation to determine the source of the epidemic Epidemiology
is the study of patterns of occurrence and distribution of disease in the community, as
well as the factors that affect disease patterns. The purpose of an epidemiologic
investigation is to identify the source of an epidemic, i.e., what brought about the
epidemic.
47. The primary purpose of conducting an epidemiologic investigation is to
A. Delineate the etiology of the epidemic
B. Encourage cooperation and support of the community
C. Identify groups who are at risk of contracting the disease
D. Identify geographical location of cases of the disease in the community
Answer: (A) Delineate the etiology of the epidemic Delineating the etiology of an
epidemic is identifying its source.
48. Which is a characteristic of person-to-person propagated epidemics?
A. There are more cases of the disease than expected.
B. The disease must necessarily be transmitted through a vector.
C. The spread of the disease can be attributed to a common vehicle.
D. There is a gradual build up of cases before the epidemic becomes easily
noticeable.
Answer: (D) There is a gradual build up of cases before the epidemic becomes easily
noticeable. A gradual or insidious onset of the epidemic is usually observable in
person-to-person propagated epidemics.
49. In the investigation of an epidemic, you compare the present frequency of the
disease with the usual frequency at this time of the year in this community. This is done
during which stage of the investigation?
A. Establishing the epidemic
B. Testing the hypothesis
C. Formulation of the hypothesis
D. Appraisal of fac
Situational: Establishing the epidemic is determining whether there is an epidemic or
not. This is done by comparing the present number of cases with the usual number of
cases of the disease at the same time of the year, as well as establishing the
relatedness of the cases of the disease.
50. The number of cases of Dengue fever usually increases towards the end of the
rainy season. This pattern of occurrence of Dengue fever is best described as
A. Epidemic occurrence
B. Cyclical variation
C. Sporadic occurrence
D. Secular variation
Answer: (B) Cyclical variation A cyclical variation is a periodic fluctuation in the number
of cases of a disease in the community.
Random classroom inspection is assessment of pupils/students and teachers for signs
of a health problem prevalent in the community.
17. When the nurse determines whether resources were maximized in implementing
Ligtas Tigdas, she is evaluating
A. Effectiveness
B. Efficiency
C. Adequacy
D. Appropriateness
Answer: (B) Efficiency Efficiency is determining whether the goals were attained at the
least possible cost
51. In the year 1980, the World Health Organization declared the Philippines, together
with some other countries in the Western Pacific Region, “free” of which disease?
A. Pneumonic plague
B. Poliomyelitis
C. Small pox
D. Anthrax Answer:
(C) Small pox The last documented case of Small pox was in 1977 at Somalia.
52. In the census of the Philippines in 1995, there were about 35,299,000 males and
about 34,968,000 females. What is the sex ratio?
A. 99.06:100
B. 100.94:100
C. 50.23%
D. 49.76%
Answer:
(B) 100.94:100 Sex ratio is the number of males for every 100 females in the
population
72. The Field Health Services and Information System (FHSIS) is the recording and
reporting system in public health care in the Philippines. The Monthly Field Health
Service Activity Report is a form used in which of the components of the FHSIS?
A. Tally report
B. Output report
C. Target/client list
D. Individual health record
Answer: (A) Tally report A tally report is prepared monthly or quarterly by the RHU
personnel and transmitted to the Provincial Health Office.
76. Which criterion in priority setting of health problems is used only in community
health care?
A. Modifiability of the problem
B. Nature of the problem presented
C. Magnitude of the health problem
D. Preventive potential of the health problem
Answer: (C) Magnitude of the health problem Magnitude of the problem refers to the
percentage of the population affected by a health problem. The other choices are
criteria considered in both family and community health care
114. Secondary prevention for malaria includes
A. Planting of neem or eucalyptus trees
B. Residual spraying of insecticides at night
C. Determining whether a place is endemic or not
D. Growing larva-eating fish in mosquito breeding places
Answer: (C) Determining whether a place is endemic or not This is diagnostic and
therefore secondary level prevention. The other choices are for primary prevention.
127. You will conduct outreach immunization in a barangay with a population of about
1500. Estimate the number of infants in the barangay.
A. 45
B. 50
C. 55
D. 60
Answer: (A) 45 To estimate the number of infants, multiply total population by 3%
60. The municipality assigned to you has a population of about 20,000. Estimate the
number of 1-4 year old children who will be given Retinol capsule 200,000 I.U. every 6
months.
A. 1,500
B. 1,800
C. 2,000
D. 2,300
Answer: (D) 2,300 Based on the Philippine population composition, to estimate the
number of 1-4 year old children, multiply total population by 11.5%
1. In the past year, Barangay A had an average population of 1655. 46 babies were
born in that year, 2 of whom died less than 4 weeks after they were born. There were 4
recorded stillbirths. What is the neonatal mortality rate?
a. 86.9/1,000
b. 130.4/1,000
c. 27.8/1,000
d. 43.5/1,000
Rationale: To compute for neonatal mortality rate, divide the number of babies who died
before reaching the age of 28 days by the total number of live births, then multiply by
1,000.
2. You are computing the crude death rate of your municipality, with a total population of
about 18,000, for last year. There were 94 deaths. Among those who died, 20 died
because of diseases of the heart and 32 were aged 50 years or older. What is the crude
death rate?
a. 4.2/1,000
b. 6.3/1,000
c. 5.2/1,000
d. 7.3/1,000
Rationale: To compute crude death rate divide total number of deaths (94) by total
population (18,000) and multiply by 1,000.
3. Estimate the number of pregnant women who will be given tetanus toxoid during an
immunization outreach activity in a barangay with a population of about 1,500.
a. 400
b. 300
c. 265
d. 375
Rationale: To estimate the number of pregnant women, multiply the total population by
3.5%.
4. To describe the sex composition of the population, which demographic tool may be
used?
a. Sex proportion
b. Sex ratio
c. Any of these may be used.
d. Population pyramid
5. What numerator is used in computing general fertility rate?
a. Number of pregnancies in the year
b. Estimated midyear population
c. Number of registered live births
d. Number of females of reproductive age
Rationale: To compute for general or total fertility rate, divide the number of registered
live births by the number of females of reproductive age (15-45 years), then multiply by
1,000.
6. Which statistic can give the most accurate reflection of the health status of a
community?
a. Crude death rate
b. Swaroop’s index
c. Infant mortality rate
d. 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate
Rationale: Swaroop’s index is the proportion of deaths aged 50 years and above. The
higher the Swaroop’s index of a population, the greater the proportion of the deaths who
were able to reach the age of at least 50 years, i.e., more people grew old before they
died.
7. We say that a Filipino has attained longevity when he is able to reach the average
lifespan of Filipinos. What other statistic may be used to determine attainment of
longevity?
A. Age-specific mortality rate
B. Proportionate mortality rate
C. Swaroop’s index
D. Case fatality rate
52. In the census of the Philippines in 1995, there were about 35,299,000 males and
about 34,968,000 females. What is the sex ratio?
A. 99.06:100
B. 100.94:100
C. 50.23%
D. 49.76%
18. This refers to systematic study of vital events such as births, illnesses,
marriages,divorces and deaths
A. Epidemiology
B. Demographics
C. Vital Statistics
D. Health Statistic
25. These rates are referred to the total living population, It must be presumed that the
total population was exposed to the risk of occurrence of the event.
A. Rate
B. Ratio
C. Crude/General Rates
D. Specific Rate
26. These are used to describe the relationship between two numerical quantities or
measures of events without taking particular considerations to the time or place.
A. Rate
B. Ratios
C. Crude/General Rate
D. Specific Rate
27. This is the most sensitive index in determining the general health condition of
acommunity since it reflects the changes in the environment and medical conditions of
acommunity
A. Crude death rate
B. Infant mortality rate
C. Maternal mortality rate
D. Fetal death rate
SITUATION : Barangay PinoyBSN has the following data in year 2006
1. July 1 population : 254,316
2. Livebirths : 2,289
3. Deaths from maternal cause : 15
4. Death from CVD : 3,029
5. Deaths under 1 year of age : 23
6. Fetal deaths : 8
7. Deaths under 28 days : 8
8. Death due to rabies : 45
9. Registered cases of rabies : 45
10. People with pneumonia : 79
11. People exposed with pneumonia : 2,593
12. Total number of deaths from all causes : 10,998
The following questions refer to these data
35. What is the crude birth rate of Barangay PinoyBSN?
A. 90/100,000
B. 9/100
C. 90/1000
D. 9/1000
36. What is the cause specific death rate from cardiovascular diseases?
A. 27/100
B. 1191/100,000
C. 27/100,000
D. 1.1/1000
37. What is the Maternal Mortality rate of this barangay?
A. 6.55/1000
B. 5.89/1000
C. 1.36/1000
D. 3.67/1000
38. What is the fetal death rate?
A. 3.49/1000
B. 10.04/1000
C. 3.14/1000
D. 3.14/100,000
39. What is the attack rate of pneumonia?
A. 3.04/1000
B. 7.18/1000
C. 32.82/100
D. 3.04/100
40. Determine the Case fatality ratio of rabies in this Barangay
A. 1/100
B. 100%
C. 1%
D. 100/1000
41. The following are all functions of the nurse in vital statistics, which of the following
isnot?
A. Consolidate Data
B. Collects Data
C. Analyze Data
D. Tabulate Data
42. The following are Notifiable diseases that needs to have a tally sheet in data
reporting,Which one is not?
A. Hypertension
B. Bronchiolitis
C. Chemical Poisoning
D. Accidents
43. Which of the following requires reporting within 24 hours?
A. Neonatal tetanus
B. Measles
C. Hypertension
D. Tetanus
44. Which Act declared that all communicable disease be reported to the nearest
healthstation?
A. 1082
B. 1891
C. 3573
D. 6675
46. During epidemics, which of the following epidemiological function will you have to
perform first?
A. Teaching the community on disease prevention
B. Assessment on suspected cases
C. Monitor the condition of people affected
D. Determining the source and nature of the epidemic
47. Which of the following is a POINT SOURCE epidemic?
A. Dengue H.F
B. Malaria
C. Contaminated Water Source
D. Tuberculosis
48. All but one is a characteristic of a point source epidemic, which one is not?
A. The spread of the disease is caused by a common vehicle
B. The disease is usually caused by contaminated food
C. There is a gradual increase of cases
D. Epidemic is usually sudden
49. The only Microorganism monitored in cases of contaminated water is
A. Vibrio Cholera
B. Escherichia Coli
C. Entamoeba Histolytica
D. Coliform Test
50. Dengue increase in number during June, July and August. This pattern is called
A. Epidemic
B. Endemic
C. Cyclical
D. Secula

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AIM TO BE ON TOP IN CHN COMPREHENSIVE EXAM

Social justice is described as

What is community identity?

What is empowerment in the context of macro practice?

What is bootstrapping toward empowerment?

What is learned inefficacy?

Framing the agenda

What is it meant by community?

What does organizing involve?

Who is an organizer as a teacher?

Who is an organizer as a catalyst?

Who is an organizer in a linking role?

Associates empowerment with information or consumers need to inform planners

Assumption concerning problem conditions

Community is burdened by concrete social problem conditions

Basic change strategy

Characteristic change tactics & techniques

Expert or technical role and community diagnosis, research skills, information

Orientation toward power structure

Power structure is present as the sponsor or employer or practitioner Ex.

Boundary definition of the Beneficiary system

A total geographic community or some area or functional sub-part.

Assumption regarding community interest or subsystems

An approach is pragmatic, oriented toward particular problem

Conception of intended beneficiaries

Conception of the role of intended beneficiaries

Clients, consumers, recipients of service and active in using services, not in

Community Development Block Grants (CDBGs)

Cooperative Extension Services

Country Life Commission created by Roosevelt

Empowerment Zone/ Enterprise Community (EZ/EC) created by Clinton

Fair Housing act of 1968

Special Impact Program (SIP)

Garden City Movement

The Natural Step systems-based approach allow both organizations and

Steady State- economics

Comprehensive Rational planning

Industrial Areas Foundation model

Participatory action research

Community Development Block Grant (CDBG)

Community Development Corporation (CDC)

Grey Area Program

Local development corporations (LDC)

Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC)

Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (NRC)

Special Impact Program

Demand side theorists

Green collar jobs

Human Capital Theory

Internal Labor market

Labor force participation rate

Spatial mismatch theorists

Supply side theorists

Community development block grants

demand side model

dual housing market

fair housing act

Leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED)

Single room occupancy

supply side model

Business industrial development corporation

community development credit union