‫‪https://education-dz.

net/3AS-civil/‬‬
‫ٔࢧﺳ‪1‬ﺘﺎذ‪ :‬ﳐﻠﻮﰲ ﻛﲈل‬ ‫اﻟﺴ‪1‬ﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺗﻘﲏ ر`ﴈ‪-‬ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻣﺪﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻧﻮﯾﺔ ﺑٔﶊﺪ ﻋﺒﺪي –ﺳ‪1‬ﯿﺪي ﻏﯿﻼس‬
‫ﺛـﺎﻧﻮﻳﺔ أﻣﺤﻤــــﺪ ﻋﺒــــﺪي‪ -‬ﺳﯿﺪي ﻏﯿﻼس‪-‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺿﻮع ‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤــــــﺎدة ‪ :‬ﻣﯿﻜﺎﻧﯿﻚ ﻣﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة ‪ :‬اﻷوﻟــــــــﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاد‬
‫اﻟﻘﺴــــــــﻢ ‪ 3 :‬ﺗﻘﻨﻲ رﻳﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺪرس ‪ :‬اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻀﺎت اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻄﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤـﺪة ‪ 02 :‬ﺳــــــﺎﻋـﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳــﺘﺎذ ‪ :‬ﻣﺨــﻠﻮﻓﻲ ﻛﻤــــــﺎل‬

‫‪ -03‬اﻟﻘـــﺺ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ )‪: (Cisaillement Simple‬‬

‫ﻧﺸـــﺎط ‪ -:‬ﺗﻘﺪﻳﻢ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط ‪ 01‬ص ‪ 21‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻜﺘﺎب اﻟﻤﺪرﺳﻲ ؟‬

‫ج‪ -1‬إذا ﺿﺎﻋﻔﻨﺎ اﻟﻘﻮﺗﺎن )‪ (F‬و )’‪ (F‬ﻓﺈن اﻟﺼﻔﯿﺤﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺳﺘﻨﻔﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ ﻗﻄﻌﺘﯿﻦ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ اﻟﻘﻮﺗﺎن اﻟﻤﺘﻼﻓﯿﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬

‫‪-1-3‬ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯿﺎت ‪:‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﻦ اﻟﺮاﻓﺪة اﻟﻤﺪﻣﺠﺔ اﻟﻤﻮﺿﺤﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪ .‬إذا أﺛﺮﻧﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻠﯿﮫﺎ ﺑﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﻗﺮﻳﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ اﻹدﻣﺎج ﻓﺈن اﻟﺮاﻓﺪة ﺳﺘﻨﻔﺼﻞ إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺟﺰءﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ )‪ (F‬و رد اﻟﻔﻌﻞ )‪(R‬‬
‫ﺗﺎﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ )‪ (F‬ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﺟﮫﺪ ﻗﺎطﻊ )‪ ، (T‬ﻧﻘﻮل‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫أن اﻟﺮاﻓﺪة ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺺ اﻟﺒﺴﯿﻂ أو إذا ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ‪:‬‬
‫‪T≠0 , M=0 , N= 0‬‬
‫‪R‬‬ ‫‪R‬‬
‫راﻓدة ﻣدﻣﺟﺔ‬

‫‪-2-3‬اﻹﺟﮫﺎد اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺳﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﮫﺪ اﻟﻘﺎطﻊ )‪ (T‬ﻳﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻪ إﺟﮫﺎد ﻣﻤﺎﺳﻲ ) ‪ ( t‬ﺣﯿﺚ ‪:‬‬

‫‪t = T‬‬
‫‪S‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪ : T‬اﻟﺠﮫﺪ اﻟﻘﺎطﻊ)ﺟﮫﺪ اﻟﻘﺺ( )‪(KN, N,daN, kg‬‬
‫‪ :S‬ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ )‪(m2, cm2, mm2‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪:‬اﻹﺟﮫﺎد اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺳﻲ )‪(kg/cm2, MPa, daN/cm2‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫‪t‬‬
‫‪r‬‬
‫‪t‬‬

‫‪-3-3‬ﺷﺮط اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪t max £ t‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺔ إذا ﺗﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﺸﺮط ‪:‬‬

‫‪ :‬اﻹﺟﮫﺎد اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺳﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﻮح ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬

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‫‪https://education-dz.net/3AS-civil/‬‬
‫ٔࢧﺳ‪1‬ﺘﺎذ‪ :‬ﳐﻠﻮﰲ ﻛﲈل‬ ‫اﻟﺴ‪1‬ﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺗﻘﲏ ر`ﴈ‪-‬ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻣﺪﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻧﻮﯾﺔ ﺑٔﶊﺪ ﻋﺒﺪي –ﺳ‪1‬ﯿﺪي ﻏﯿﻼس‬

‫‪-4-3‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ھﻮك ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﺠﮫﺪ اﻟﻘﺎطﻊ إذا أﺛﺮ ﻓﻲ راﻓﺪة ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻳﺤﺪث إﻧﺰﻻق ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻟﺮاﻓﺪة ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﺰء اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﯿﻨﺘﺞ ﺟﮫﺪ ﻣﻤﺎﺳﻲ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺟﮫﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺺ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺠﺎل اﻟﻤﺮن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻹﺟﮫﺎدات )‪ (σ‬ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻣﻊ زاوﻳﺔ اﻹﻧﺰﻻق )‪ (γ‬ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ‪:‬‬

‫‪t = G ´g‬‬
‫اﻹﺟﮫﺎد اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫‪:t‬‬
‫‪ : G‬ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ )‪(Kg/cm2‬‬

‫‪ :‬زاوﻳﺔ اﻹﻧﺰﻻق ﺑﺎﻟﺮادﻳﺎن‪.‬‬

‫‪g‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎل ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫أﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻘﻄﺮ اﻟﻀﺮوري ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻏﻲ اﻟﺬي ﻳﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮﻳﻦ )‪ (1‬و )‪ (2‬ﺑﺄﻣﺎن‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫– ﻣﻊ اﻟﻌﻠﻢ ‪ F= 30 KN‬و ‪.t = 1 0 0 0 kg / c m 2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪F‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪3 0 ×1 0 2‬‬
‫‪t £ t Þ‬‬ ‫‪£ t Þ‬‬ ‫‪£ t Þ S ³‬‬ ‫‪Þ S ³‬‬ ‫‪Þ S ³ 1 .5 c m‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2S‬‬ ‫‪2t‬‬ ‫‪2 ×1 0 3‬‬

‫‪d2‬‬ ‫‪4 × 1 .5‬‬

‫‪S =p‬‬ ‫‪³ 1 .5 cm 2 Þ d 2 ³‬‬ ‫‪Þ d ³‬‬ ‫‪1.91 = 1.38 cm Þ d = 1 4 m m‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3 .1 4‬‬

‫ت ‪ 01‬ص ‪ 24‬ﻣﻦ ك‪.‬م ‪:‬‬

‫ﻟﻮﺻﻞ ﺻﻔﯿﺤﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﻦ اﻷﻟﻮﻣﻨﯿﻮم‪ ،‬ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺴﻤﺎر ﺑﺮﺷﺎم ﻗﻄﺮه )‪.(20mm‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪ F=50KN‬اﺣﺴﺐ اﻹﺟﮫﺎد اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺳﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫إذا ﻛﺎن‪ ،G=0,3 x 106 Kg/cm² :‬اﺣﺴﺐ زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺺ ‪. g‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺣﺴﺎب زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺺ ‪: Z‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﺣﺴﺎب اﻹﺟﮫﺎد اﻟﻤﻤﺎﺳﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪F= 50KN = 50 102kg = 5 103kg‬‬

‫= ‪.t = G .g Þ g‬‬
‫‪G‬‬
‫‪S= 3.14 x(1)2=3.14 cm2‬‬
‫‪1592.36‬‬
‫= ‪.g‬‬ ‫‪= 0.0053rad Þ g = 0.0053rad‬‬
‫‪0.3 ×106‬‬
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‫‪https://education-dz.net/3AS-civil/‬‬
‫ٔࢧﺳ‪1‬ﺘﺎذ‪ :‬ﳐﻠﻮﰲ ﻛﲈل‬ ‫اﻟﺴ‪1‬ﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺗﻘﲏ ر`ﴈ‪-‬ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻣﺪﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻧﻮﯾﺔ ﺑٔﶊﺪ ﻋﺒﺪي –ﺳ‪1‬ﯿﺪي ﻏﯿﻼس‬
‫ت‪ 02‬ص ‪ 24‬ﻣﻦ ك‪.‬م ‪:‬‬

‫إذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﻘﺺ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻠﺐ اﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﻳﺴﺎوي ‪. t =103kg / cm²‬‬

‫أوﺟﺪ‪ :‬زاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻘﺺ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ أن ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ ‪.G=0,1 x 106kg/cm²‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪1000‬‬
‫= ‪.t = G´ g Þ g‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 10-2 rad Þ g = 0.01rad‬‬
‫‪G 100000‬‬

‫ت ‪ 03‬ص ‪ 24‬ﻣﻦ ك‪.‬م ‪:‬‬

‫ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻋﻨﺼﺮﻳﻦ)‪ (1‬و )‪ (2‬ﻧﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻣﯿﺮ ‪ ،‬ﺣﯿﺚ‬
‫‪aa‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪F‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮة )‪ (F=30KN‬و ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﻤﺎر )‪.(10mm‬‬
‫‪-‬أﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻔﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﻹﺟﮫﺎد اﻟﻘﺺ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﺒﺮ أي‬
‫‪bb‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﻳﯿﻦ)‪ (a-a‬أو )‪(b-b‬‬

‫اﻟﺤﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫‪. F = 30 KN = 3000 kg .‬‬

‫‪S = p × R 2 = 3.14 ´ (0.5) 2 = 0.785 cm 2‬‬
‫‪F‬‬
‫‪F‬‬ ‫‪3000‬‬
‫= ‪.t = 2‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 1910.83 kg / cm 2 Þ t = 1910.83 kg / c m 2‬‬
‫‪S‬‬ ‫‪2 × S 2 ´ 0.785‬‬

‫ﺗﻤﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻗﻀﯿﺐ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺤﺎس ﻟﻪ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻋﺮﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻪ )‪ (103mm2‬و ﻣﻌﺮض ﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﺤﻮرﻳﺔ )أﻧﻀﺮ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﯿﻦ اﻹﺳﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﻀﯿﺐ – ‪E=0,9 x 106kg/cm2‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪45KN‬‬ ‫‪60KN‬‬ ‫‪9KN‬‬ ‫‪6KN‬‬

‫‪0,50m‬‬ ‫‪1,00m‬‬ ‫‪1 ,50m‬‬

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‫‪https://education-dz.net/3AS-civil/‬‬
‫ٔࢧﺳ‪1‬ﺘﺎذ‪ :‬ﳐﻠﻮﰲ ﻛﲈل‬ ‫اﻟﺴ‪1‬ﻨﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺗﻘﲏ ر`ﴈ‪-‬ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻣﺪﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻧﻮﯾﺔ ﺑٔﶊﺪ ﻋﺒﺪي –ﺳ‪1‬ﯿﺪي ﻏﯿﻼس‬
‫اﻟﺤﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫أوﻻ ﻳﺠﺐ إﻳﺠﺎد اﻟﺠﮫﻮد اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ طﺒﯿﻌﺘﮫﺎ )ﺷﺪ او إﻧﻀﻐﺎط( ‪ ،‬ﻧﺤﺪث ﻗﻄﻊ ﺗﺨﯿﻠﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬

‫‪45KN‬‬ ‫‪N1‬‬

‫ﺷــــﺪ ‪N1 – 45 = 0-------N1 = 45KN‬‬

‫‪N1 × L1 45 ×102 × 50‬‬ ‫‪225‬‬
‫= ‪.DL1‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 0.025cm = 0.25mm Þ DL1 = 0.25mm‬‬
‫‪E×S‬‬ ‫‪0.9 ×10 ×10 9 ×103‬‬
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‫‪45KN‬‬
‫‪60KN‬‬
‫‪N2‬‬

‫‪N1+60 – 45 = 0-------N2 = - 15KN‬‬ ‫إﻧﻀــــــــــﻐﺎط‬

‫‪N 2 × L2‬‬ ‫‪15 ×10 2 ×100‬‬ ‫‪15‬‬

‫‪.DL2 = -‬‬ ‫‪=-‬‬ ‫‪=-‬‬ ‫‪= -0.016cm = -0.16mm Þ DL2 = -0.16mm‬‬
‫‪E×S‬‬ ‫‪0.9 ×10 ×10‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪9 × 10 2‬‬

‫‪45KN‬‬
‫‪60KN‬‬ ‫‪9KN‬‬
‫‪N2‬‬

‫‪N3 + 60 – 45 - 9 = 0-------N3 = - 6KN‬‬ ‫إﻧﻀــــــــــﻐﺎط‬

‫‪N 3 × L3‬‬ ‫‪6 ×102 ×150‬‬ ‫‪9 ×104‬‬

‫= ‪.DL3‬‬ ‫‪=-‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪= -0.01cm = -0.1mm Þ DL3 = -0.1mm‬‬
‫‪E×S‬‬ ‫‪0.9 ×106 ×10‬‬ ‫‪9 ×106‬‬

‫‪.DL = DL1 + DL2 + DL3‬‬

‫‪.DL = 0.25 - 0.16 - 0.10 = 0.01mm ; 0mm‬‬

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