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ﻣﻠﺨﺺ اﻟﻮﺣﺪة
أوﻻ :دراﺳﺔ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ :
(1اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ ) : ( condensateurھﻲ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻛﮭﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻟﺒﻮﺳﯿﻦ ﯾﻔﺼﻞ ﺑﯿﻨﮭﻤﺎ ﻋﺎزل ،ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻄﺒﻖ ﺗﻮﺗﺮا UABﺑﯿﻦ ﻟﺒﻮﺳﯿﮭﺎ ﻓﺈﻧﮭﺎ
ﺗﺸﺤﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ qA= - qB
ﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔq(t) =qA(t)=-qB(t) :
رﻣﺰ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪارة :
i
+ A B
E qA+++++
-
qB- - - - -
UAB
ﺷﻜﻞ01
(2اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺤﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ ) q(tوﺷﺪة اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ):(i
q dq
i ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ﯾﻜﻮن ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ: i
t dt
(3ﺳﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ ) :( C
q t
ﺣﯿﺚ ﺗﻘﺪر اﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات اﻟﺪوﻟﯿﺔ :اﻟﻔﺎراد ) .( F C
U AB
6 3
ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ :ﺑﻤﺎأن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺴﻌﺔ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﻋﺎدة ﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎل أﺟﺰاء اﻟﻔﺎراد ) 1mF 10 F :ﻣﯿﻠﻲ ﻓﺎراد ( ) 1uF 10 F ،ﻣﯿﻜﺮو(
12 9
) 1PF 10ﺑﯿﻜﻮﻓﺎراد( . ) 1nF 10 Fﻧﺎﻧﻮﻓﺎراد( F ،
d U AB
i t C (4اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺷﺪة اﻟﺘﯿﺎر ) i(tواﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻜﺜﻔﺔ :UAB
dt
ﺛﺎﻧﯿﺎ( دراﺳﺔ ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻄﺐ :RC
ﺷﻜﻞ02
K ﻧﺤﻘﻖ اﻟﺘﺮﻛﯿﺐ اﻟﻤﺒﯿﻦ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ 02
(1ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺸﺤﻦ :ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻤﺒﺪﻟﺔ ) ( Kﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺿﻊ ) : ( 1
ﻗﺎﻧﻮن ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮات U C U R E :
dUc 1 E
UR R Uc 0 اﻟﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﯿﺔ :
E dt RC RC
ﺛﺎﺑﺖ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ :τﯾﻌﻄﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ :
)i(A
)ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺗﻄﻮر ﺗﯿﺎر اﻟﺸﺤﻦ( )Uc(v
)ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ ﺗﻄﻮر ﺗﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﺸﺤﻦ(
I0
E
اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻹﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ
اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺪاﺋﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺪاﺋﻢ
اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻹﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻲ
τ )t(s
5τ E
τ
-I0