Lecture no.

Engr. M. Nouman,
Lecturer, CED, SUIT.
Email: mnouman.civil@suit.edu.pk
 Client

Public
Users
Authorities

Construction
parties

Designers Executors

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§ Client:
• The client may be an individual, such as someone wishing to build a
house.
• The word is more generally used for the organization which needs
the end product and has the authority (and the money) to order and
approve it.
• For gover nment projects, the client is usua1ly a ministr y or
department.

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§ Users:
• They are the people who must operate and maintain the facilities
which have been provided.
• Although the same organization may be both client and user, the
individuals involved may be different.

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§ Designers:

• These are the architects and specialists responsible for translating the client's requirements
into reality. In a building project, the architect works with the following people;
a. Structural engineers in the design of the structure,

b. Draughtsman to produce working drawings from the sketches,

c. Electrical engineers in the design of power and lighting supplies,

d. Civil engineers in the design of access roads and earthworks,

e. Quantity surveyors in the preparation of estimates and tender documents.

• Not every project requires all these people. On the other hand, large and complex projects
may require additional specialists, for example, for health and safety etc.

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§ Executors:
• These are the people who undertake the physical construction, who
in many cases will be private contractors.
• For simplicity the word "contractor" is used and is deemed to include
all organisations which actually build.

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§ Public Authorities:
• Al l bu i l d i ngs mu s t f u l f i l s t a t u t or y requ i re m e n t s re ga rd i n g
construction standards and safety.
• For example, roofs must be able to withstand specified wind loadings
and fire regulations must be observed.
• The health and safety of people who work or dwell in a building are
usually safe guarded by legal regulations.

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• A construction project includes five stages from the time when the
decision is made to implement the construction project untill the
project becomes a reality.
• The stages of a construction project are;
i. Briefing.
ii. Designing.
iii. Tendering.
iv. Constructing.
v. Commissioning.

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i. Briefing:
• To enable the client to specify project functions and permissible costs, so that the
architects, engineers quantity surveyors and other members of the design team can
correctly interpret his wishes and provide cost estimates.

ii. Designing:
• To complete the project br ief and determine the layout, design, methods of
construction and estimate costs, in order to obtain the necessary approvals from the
client and authorities involved.
• To prepare the necessary production information, including working drawings and
specifications and to complete all arrangements for obtaining tenders.

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iii. Tendering:
• To appoint a contractor or a number of contractors who will
undertake the site construction works.

iv. Constructing:
• To construct the structure within the agreed limits of cost and time
and to specified quality.

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v. Commissioning:
• To ensure that the building (structure) has been completed as
specified in the contract documents, and that all the facilities work
properly.
• To provide a record of the actual construction.
• To train staff in the use of the facilities provided.

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• According to the Project Management Institute, project stakeholders
are defined as;
• “Individuals and organizations who are actively involved in the project, or
whose interests may be positively or negatively affected as a result of project
execution or successful project completion.”
• In other words, the project’s stakeholders are the people or groups
who have something to gain (or lose) from your project’s outcome.
• A stakeholder is anyone with an interest or investment in your project.

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• There are two main types of stakeholders in project management, internal and
external.
1. Internal stakeholders:
• These stakeholders are coming from within the house or business such as team
members, managers etc.
2. External stakeholders:
• External stakeholders are the people or groups outside the business i.e., customers,
users, suppliers and investors.
• They don’t always work for the project manager. This can add an extra layer of
complexity, as you need to be able to communicate with people at all different
levels of the business and with varying degrees of engagement, influence and
interest.
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• Following are the main stakeholders of Construction Industry;
a. Owner or client.
b. Construction Manager.
c. General contractor.
d. Sub contractor or specially contractors.
e. Designer or Architect.
f. Insurance companies.
g. Banks.
h. Suppliers.
i. Public.
j. Construction labor force.

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• Owner: Owner is also called client. Owner is the person who actually
arranges money for particular project. Owner is a real instinct who
has to launch idea. Owner may be a person or Government. He
provides funds. He is a funding agency for the project. Scope
definition is also provided by the owner.
• Construction Manager: Construction manager is the person who
actually coordinates the construction process on behalf of the owner.
• General Contractor: The person who actually execute the contract.
He actually negotiate the contract with client. He is the key person
who is responsible to change dream of owner into physical shape.
Contractor is assigned the whole job. He needs directions from
engineers and clients.
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• Sub Contractor: Sub contractors or special contractors actually
provide facilities to the general contractor for the sub projects;
• Tasks which are performed by Sub contractor are;
• Electric wiring.
• Plumbing.
• Air condition supply.
• Wood work.
• Paint.
• Steel fixing etc.

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• Architect or Engineer: Architect or engineer is a consultant. On
b e h a l f o f t h e ow n e r, a rc h i t e c t o r e n g i n e e r w i l l t a ke t h e
responsibilities of the owner to undertake the smooth execution of
the project. He also coordinates with contractor.
• Designer: Designer may be an engineer. He design the project on
t h e b a s i s o f h i s p rev i o u s ex p e r i e n c e. D e s i g n e r m u s t h ave
prequalification. Owner will select a designer which is expert in his
work.
• Insurance Companies: These are the companies which provides
bonds and insurances.
• Banks: The bank provides funding on behalf of client.
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• Suppliers: These are actually the people who provide construction
material such as bricks, concrete and cement etc.
• Public: Public is also a stakeholder. During making of a project
public face difficulty but when it completes, then enjoy facilities.
• Construction labor Force: Following are the labor force;
a. Masons.
b. Brick Masons.
c. Brick Stone Masons.
d. Block Masons.
e. Cement Masons.

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