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MUTUALISM

What is Mutualism?
MUTUALISM IS A
RELATION BETWEEN
TWO OR MORE SPECIES IN WHICH ALL
BENEFIT AND NONE SUFFER. IT IS A
FORM OF SYMBIOSIS (LIVING TOGETHER).

What are some


examples of
Mutualism?
3. Insect pollination:

1. Commensalism: Tree frogs and For example, a bee pollinates a


leaves flower by collecting nectar from

various flowers and converting it
Commensalism is a type of into food. Pollen grains stick to its
symbiotic relationship in which one hairy body when it settles on a
species benefits, while the other flower. As a result, when it goes to
species is neither harmed nor another bloom, it distributes pollen
helped. Tea frgs use plants as to that flower, increasing plant
protection. reproduction.

4. Hermit Crab and Anemone


2. Facultative mutualism:: Birds and food


The hermit crab's shell provides a
Birds eat the fruits that the trees produce. In safe shelter for anemones. In
exchange, the birds aid in the dispersal of the exchange, the anemone uses its
seeds, for example, by excreting them in sting to protect the animal from
locations far from the parent plant. Because predators.
its offspring may someday compete for space,
light, and nutrients, this is good to the parent
plant. 1. "Commensalism Definition, Examples, and Relationships." thoughtco.com.
houghtco.com/commensalism-definition-and-examples-4114713
2. "Mutualism Definition." biologyonline.com. biologyonline.com/dictionary/mutualism
3. William Gillian, Rutherford Jill. "ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS AND
SOCIETIES 2015 EDITION COURSE COMPANION." Great Britian,
OXFORD, 2015

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