MATHEMATICS SETS

SETS
SYNOPSIS - 1
LAWS OF SETS
For any three sets A, B and C, we have the following results.
1. Commutative law
a) A  B  B  A
b) A  B  B  A
c) AB  B A
2. Associative law

a)  A  B  C  A   B  C 
b)  A  B   C  A   B  C 

c)  AB  C  A  BC 
3. Distributive law

a) A   B  C    A  B    A  C 

b) A   B  C    A  B    A  C 
4. De-Morgan’s law

a)  A  B  '  A ' B '

b)  A  B  '  A ' B '

c) A   B  C    A  B    A  C 

d) A   B  C    A  B    A  C 
5. Identify Law
a) A      A  A

b) A      A  A
6. Idempotent law
a) A  A  A
b) A  A  A
7. Complement law

a)  A ' '  A

31 IX Class - Maths
SETS MATHEMATICS

b) A  A '  

c) A  A '  
Dual of an identify
An identity obained by interchanging  and  , and  and  in the
given identify is called the dual of that identify
Example:
1) Consider the identify, A  B  B  A
Dual of the identify is, A  B  B  A
2) Consider the identify, A    

Dual of the identify is A    

Formulae
If A, B and C are finite sets and ‘U’ be the finite universal set, then

i. n  A  B   n  A  n  B   n  A  B 

ii. n  A  B   n  A   n  B  if A and B are disjoint non-void sets.

iii.
n  A  B  C   n  A  n  B   n  C   n  A  B   n  B  C   n  C  A  n  A  B  C 

iv. n  A  B   n  A  n  A  B 

v. n  AB   n  A  n  B   2n  A  B 

vi. n  A ' B '  n U   n  A  B 

vii. n  A ' B '  n U   n  A  B 

Solved Examples
1. In a class of 50 students 28 students like Maths and 32 like Physics. All the
students had atleast one of the subject. Find how many students like (i)
both Maths & Physics (ii) Maths only (iii) Physics only.

Sol. Let n  A  B   x

n  A  B   n  A  B   n  B  A  n  A  B 

50   28  x    32  x   x

x  60  50

IX Class - Maths 32
MATHEMATICS SETS

x  10
i) Number of students who like both Maths & Physics = 10
ii) Number of studnets who like Maths only = 28  x  28  10  18
iii) Number of studnets who like Physics only  32  x  32  10  22
2. In a certain class, 15 studnets play volley - ball, 13 play cricket and 5 play
both the games. How many students are there in the class who play only
volley - ball, only cricket and the number of students in the class?
Sol. Number of students who play volley - ball = 15

n V   15
Number of students who play cricket = 13

n  C   13
Number of students who play both the games = 5

n V  C   5
Number of students who play only volley - ball

 n V   n V  C 

 15  5  10
Number of students who play only cricket

 n  C   n V  C 

 13  5  8
We have,

n V  C   n V   n  C   n V  C 

 15  13  5  23
 Total number of students in the class = 23
3. In a class, 50 students play cricket, 20 students play football and 10 play
both cricket and football. How many play at least one of these two games?
Sol.

C F
50 10 20

Given that n  C   50; n  F   20; n  C  F   10

33 IX Class - Maths
SETS MATHEMATICS

Number of students playing at least one of these two games = n  C  F 

 n C   n  F   n C  F 

 50  20  10  60
4. 65% of students in a class like cartoon movies, 70% like horror movies and
75% like war movies. What is the smallest percent of studnets liking all the
three type of moves?
Sol. The smallest percent of students liking all the three types of moves indi-
cates the minimum value of x.

Cartoon
Horror
d a f
x
b c
e

War

x will be minimum if d = e = f = 0
 a  b  c  x  100
Now, a  b  x  65 , a  c  x  70 , b  c  x  75
Solving the above equations, x  10
Hence, at least 10% of students are liking all the three type of movies.

5. In an examination, 40 students passed in Hindi and 20 students passed in

Maths. If 15 students passed in both the exams. Find the number of stu-
dents who appeared in the examination.

Sol. Let n  A   number of students passed in Hindi

n  B   number of students passed in Maths

n  A  B   number of students passed in both Hindi and Maths

 n  A  B   n  A   n  B   n  A  B   40  20  15  45

6. In an exam 60% of the candidates passed in Maths and 70% candidates

passed English and 10% candidates failed in both subjects. If 300 candi-
dates passed in both the subjects. The total number of candidates appeared
in the exam, if they took test in only two subjects (Maths and English)
Sol. Pass % in Maths = 60%
Fail % in Maths = 40%

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MATHEMATICS SETS

Pass % in English = 70%

Fail % in English = 30%
Fail in both subjects = 10%

M E
30 10 20

40 30

Failed number of candidates

 Total number of candidates failed in atleast one subject = 30 + 10 + 20 =
60%
 Total number of candidates passed in both the subjects = 100 - 60 = 40%
Let total number of candidates appeared in exam = x

40 x
  300  x  750
100
Hence total 750 candidates appeared in exam.
rd
1
7. A class took two tests, one in Physics and other in Maths.   class failed
3
1
in Maths and class failed in Physics. 60% of those passed in Physics also
2
passed in Maths. If 300 students took both the tests then how many stu-
dents failed in both?
Sol. Maths Fail % = 100
Maths Pass % = 200
Physics Fail % = 150
Physics Pass % = 150

M P
110 90 60

200 150

Total number of students passed in atleast one subject = 110 + 90 + 60 = 260

Therefore number of students failed in both the subjects = 300 - 260 = 40

35 IX Class - Maths
SETS MATHEMATICS

WORK SHEET - 1

Single Answer Type

1. Which of the following is null set


1. x / x  4  0, x  R
2
 
2. x / 3 x  9  0, x  R
2

3. x / x 4
 x 2  1  0, x  R  4.  x / 2 x  3  0, x  R

2. If P  1,3,3, 4,9,1, 4,3,9,3 , then n(P) =

1.10 2.4 3.17 4.40
3. Which of the following is not a set
1.The collection of all intelligent girls in a class
2.The collection of all boys in a class
3.The collection of students who got <60% .marks in a class
4.The collection of all 9th students in a class

4. If n(A) = 6 then n P  A   
1.6 2.36 3.12 4.64

5.  
If x is any set such that n P  x   128 then n  x  

1.6 2.7 3.8 4.9

6. If P Isosceles triangles , Q= Equilateral triangles and

R= Right angled triangles then

1. P  Q   2. Q  R   3. P  R   4.Both 1,3 are

True.
7. If l,m are two straight lines and l  m   then l and m are
1. Coincide 2. Parallel 3. Perpendicular 4. Intersecting
8. If AB  CD   , BC  DA  , Then ABCD is
1. Quadrilateral 2. Parallelogram 3. Rhombus 4.Trapezium

9. If P and Q are disjoint non-empty sets then P   P  Q  

1.P 2.Q 3. P  Q 4. 
10. If A,B are two sets, and A  B  Universal set then
1.A 2.B 3.  4. A  B

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MATHEMATICS SETS

 A B  B C 
C
C
11. If A,B ar e t wo set s, t h an

1. A   B  C 
C
2. AC  B 3. AC  C C 4. A  B C

12. The set  A  B  C    A  BC  C C   C C 

1. B  C C 2. A  C 3. B  C C 4. A  B
13. If P,Q,R are Three sets and s is the universal set such that n(S) = 600 , n(P)
= 300, n(Q) = 250 and n  P  Q   150 then n p  Q
1 1
 
1.650 2.400 3.200 4.100
14. In a class of 250 students, 150 take mathematics and 120 take physics . If
50 take neither mathematics nor physics then the number of students take
both subjects is
1.20 2.50 3.80 4.70
15. In a class that 63% of the students like mathematics where as 76% like
English. If x% like both subjects then
1.x = 63 2.x = 39 3. 50  x  63 4. 39  x  63

16. A   x : x  R, x  2 , B   x : x  R, x  4 then A  B 

1.  x : x  R, 2  x  4 2.  x : x  R, 2  x  4 3.A 4.B

17.  
A  8n  7 n  1, n  N , B  49  n  1 , n  N  then

1. A  B 2. B  A 3. A  B 4.None

18.  
A  4n  3n  1, n  N , B  9  n  1 , n  N  then A  B 
1.A 2.B 3.N 4.W

19. If aN= ax: x  N then 3 N  5 N 

1.8N 2.15N 3.2N 4.3N

20. If aN= ax: x  N then 2 N  6 N =

1.12N 2.2N 3.6N 4.4N

21. If aN  ax, x  N  and bN  cN  dN where b, c  N are relatively prime then

1. d  bc 2. c  bd 3. b  cd 4. b 2  cd

22. The smallest P such that P  1, 4,3  1,3, 4,5, 7 is

1. 1,3, 4,5, 7 2. 4,5, 7 3. 3,5, 7 4. 5, 7

37 IX Class - Maths
SETS MATHEMATICS

23. If P  Q  Even primes greater then 3 then P,Q are

1.overlaping sets 2.disjoint sets 3.intersecting sets 4.none

24. 
If A  ,   then the power set of A is

1.A 
2. ,  , A   
3. ,  ,  , A   4. , A

25. Two finite sets have m and n elements .The total no. of subsets of the first
set is 14 more than the total no.of subsets of the second set. The values of
m and n respectively are
1.1,,4 2.4,1 3.2,4 4.6,3

Multi Answer Type

26. If n(A) = 9 n(B) = 6 then
1. Max.no.of elements in A  B is 15 2. Max.no.of elements in A  B is 6
3. Mini.no.of elements in A  B is 9 4. Mini.no.of elements in A  B is 0

27. If A= 1,3,5,7,9 B  0, 2, 4, 6,8 then

1. n  A  B   10 2. n  A  B   25

3. n  A  B   n  B  A  4. n  A  B   n  B  A 

28. If A= primes less than 100 ,B= even primes greater than 3 and less than 50 then

1. n  A  B   0 2. n  A  B    3. n  A   25 4. A  B  
29. In a class of 100 students 72 like mathematics , 50 like science and 25 like
both subjects then
1.The no.of students who like mathematics or science are 97.
2.The no.of students who doesnot like either mathematics or science are 3.
3.The no.of students who like only mathematics 27
4.The no.of students who like only science is 25
30. Which of the following statements is not true ?
1. A  B  A  C  B  C 2. A  B  A  C  B  C
3. AB  AC  B  C 4. A  B  A  C  B  C
31. If A,B are disjoint sets then

1. A  B  A 2. AB  A  B 3.  A  B    A  B    4. B  A  A  B
32. In a battle 70% of the combatants lost are eye, 80% on ear, 75% on arm,
85% on leg, x% lost all the four limbs. The minimum value of x is
1.10 2.12 3.15 4.multiple of 5

IX Class - Maths 38
MATHEMATICS SETS

Comprehension Type
Writeup-1
In a Miryalaguda town 75% families own a house and 25% own a car. 40%
families own neither a house nor a car 500 families own both a house and a
car then
1. The percentage of families own both a house and car is
1.40 2.25 3.60 4.50
2. Total no. of families in a town are
1.2000 2.1250 3.4000 4.1550
3. The no. of families own neither a house nor a car are
1.1250 2.400 3.500 4.750
Writeup-2
In a town of 10,000 families it was found that 40% families buy newspaper
A, 20% families buy newspaper B, and 10% families buy newspaper C. 5%
families buy A and B, 3% buy B and C and 4% buy A and C. If 2% families
buy all the three newspapers.
36. The number of which buy A only
1) 3300 2) 4300 3) 2300 4) 1300
37. The number of families which buy B only
1) 2400 2) 3400 3) 1800 4) 1400
38. The number of families which buy none of A, B and C.
1) 1000 2) 2000 3) 3000 4) 4000

Matrix Matching Type

39. If n  s   150 , n  A   83 , n  B   75 , n  A  B   50 then
Column - I Column - II
c

A) n A  B
c
 1) 58

B) n  A  B  2) 108


C) n A  B
c
 3) 42

D) n  AB  4) 25
5) 33

39 IX Class - Maths
SETS MATHEMATICS

Verbal Resonaning
Directions : In each of the following questions, a number series is
given with one term missing. Choose the correct alternative that
will continue the same pattern and replace
1) T, R, P, N, L, ?, ?
(a) J, G (b) J, H (c) K, H (d) K, I
2) U, B, I, P, W, ?
(a) D (b) F (c) Q (d) Z
3) Z, ?, T, ?, N, ?, H, ?, B
(a) W, Q, K, E (b) W,R,K,E (c) X,Q,K,E (d) X,R,K,E
4) a,d,c,f, ?, h,g,?,i
(a) e,j (b) e,k (c) f,j (d) j,e
5) A, I, P, V, A, E, ?
(a) E (b) F (c) G (d) H
6) Z, W, S, P, L I, E, ?
(a) B (b) D (c) F (d) K
7) Y, W, T, P, K, E, X, ?, ?
(a) G, H (b) P,G (c) R,G (d) S,R
8) A, B, N, C, D, O, E, F, P, ?, ?, ?
(a) G, H, I (b) G, H, J (c) G, H, Q (d) J, K, L
9) Y, B, T, G, O, ?
(a) N (b) M (c) L (d) K
10) M, N, O, L, R, I, V, ?
(a) A (b) E (c) F (d) H (e)
Z
11) bedf?hj?l
(a) I m (b) m I (c) i n (d) j m
12) AI, BJ, CK, ?
(a) DL (b) DM (c) GH (d) LM
13) GH, JL, NQ, SW, YD, ?
(a) EJ (b) FJ (c) EL (d) FL
14) DF, GJ, KM, NQ, RT, ?
(a) UW (b) YZ (c) XZ (d) UX
(e) YA
15) PMT, OOS, NQR, MSQ, ?
(a) LUP (b) LVP (c) LVR (d) LWP

IX Class - Maths 40
MATHEMATICS SETS

Non-Verbal Resonaning

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

41 IX Class - Maths
SETS MATHEMATICS

KEY & HINTS

WORK SHEET (KEY)

1) 3 2) 2 3) 1 4) 4 5) 2

6) 2 7) 2 8) 2 9) 4 10) 3

11) 2 12) 3 13) 3 14) 4 15) 4

16) 2 17) 1 18) 2 19) 2 20) 3

21) 1 22) 4 23) 2 24) 3 25) 2

26) 1,2,3,4 27) 2,3 28) 1,4 29) 1,2,4 30) 1,2,4

31) 1,2,3 32) 1,4 33) 1 34) 2 35) 3

36) 1 37) 4 38) 4 39) A-3

B-5
C-4
D-1

1. Q for any x, x 4  x2  1  0
2. n  p  4
3. Ans: (1)
4. n  p  A   26  64

5. n  p  x    128  27
2 n  27  n  7
n  x 7
6. Ans: (2)
7. l  m    l // m
8. AB  CD    AB, CD are not parallel
BC  DA    BC , DA are parallel
 ABCD is a trapezium
9. Given P  Q  

P Q  P  P   P  Q  P  P  

A   B  A  A    
C
10.

IX Class - Maths 42
MATHEMATICS SETS

11.  A B  B C  A  B

C C C

Q  B  C    A  B
C

12. A B CA B C C C C C

  A B C A  B CC
C C

  A  A    B  C    C
C C

  B  C   CC

  B  C C   C  C C 

 B  CC
13. n  S   600, n  P   300, n  Q   250, n  P  Q   150

n  P1  Q1   n  P  Q   n  S     P  Q 
1

 n  P  Q   n  P   n Q   n  P  Q
 300  250  150
 400
 n  P1  Q1   n  S   n  P  Q   600  400  200

14. n  m   150, n  p   120, n  s   250

n  m1  p1   50

 n  p  m   n  s   n  m1  p1 
 250  50
 200
 n  p  m   n  p   n  m  n  p  m
 150  120  200
 70
15. n  m   63, n  E   76

n  m  E   n  m , n  m  E   n  E 

 n  m  E   63 ------- (1)

n  m  E   n  m   n  E   n  m  E  But n  m  E   100

 n  m  E   39 ---------- (2)

43 IX Class - Maths
SETS MATHEMATICS

 1 &  2  39  n  m  E   63 .

16. A   x  x  R, x  2 , B   x  x  R, x  4
A B  2  x  4

17. A  8n  7 n  1, n  N  , B  49  n  1 , n  N 

A  0, 49, 49, 0,.... , B  0, 49,98,.....

A B
18. A  4 n  3n  1, n  N  B  9  n  1 , n  N 

A  0,9,54,... B  0,9,18,....
A B
 A B  B
19. 3N  5 N  15 N Q L.C.M of 3, 5, is 15 
20. 2N  6N  6N Q L.C.M of 26136
21. Formula
22. P  1, 4,3  1,3, 4,5,7

Q smallest P  5, 7
23. P Q  
 P, Q are disjoint
24. n  A  2

n  P  A    22  4
25. Given 2m  14  2 n  2 m  2n  14

2n  2 m  n  1  2  7

2n  2 2m  n  1  7
n 1 n A  B  

mn  3
m4
26. n  A  9 n  B   6

n  A  B   15  Maximum  disjo int

n  A  B   9  Minimum  A  B

n  A  B   6  Maximum if B  A

IX Class - Maths 44
MATHEMATICS SETS

n  A  B   0  Minimum if disjo int

27. n  A  5, n  B   5

n  A  B   n  A  .n  B   25

28. n  A  finite n  B  0

 n  A  B   n  A .n  B   0

29. n  m   72, n  S   50, n  m  S   25, n  S   100

30. Let A  C  1 , B  , A  B  A  C , But B  C

Let A  1 , C  2 , B    A  B    A  C But B  C

and also A  B  1  A  C but B  C .

But if, AB  AC
AAB  AAC
B  C
BC
31. Given A  B  
1) A  B  A True.
2) AB   A  B    B  A  A  B True.

3)  A  B   A  B   A  B     True.
4) B  A  A B
32. Minimum value of x  100   30  20  25  15 
 100  90
 10
Write - 1
(33), (34), (35)
Let Total no. of families  x  n U 

3x
The no. of families who owns house   nH 
4
x
The no. of families who owns car   n c
4
2x
n  H 1  C1  
5
  n  H 1  C1   n U   n  H 1  C1 

45 IX Class - Maths
SETS MATHEMATICS

2 x 3x
 x 
5 5
 Given n  H  C   500
n  H   n  C   n  H  C   500
3x x 3x
   500
4 4 5
2x
 500  x  1250
5
500  100
percentage of n  H  C    40%
1250
Write up - 2
36, 37, 38.
n  A  40% of 10,000 = 4000

n  B   20% of 10,000 = 2000

n  C   10% of 10,000 = 1000

n  A  B   5% of 10,000 = 500

n  B  C   3% of 10,000 = 300

n  A  C   4% of 10,000 = 400

n  A  B  C   2% of 10,000 = 200

n U   10,000
36. The number of families which buy newspaper A only
 n  A  B | C |

= n  A  B  C |

  
 n  A   n  A   B  C    n P  Q1  n  P   n P  Q1  
 n  A   n  A  B    A  C  

 
= n  A   n  A  B   n  A  C   n  A  B    A  C  

= n  A  n  A  B    A  C   n  A  B  C 
= 4000 - 500 - 400 + 200 = 3300
37. The number of families which buy newspaper


B only = n A  B  C
1 1

IX Class - Maths 46
MATHEMATICS SETS

 n  B   A  C  

 n  B   n  B   A  C  

 n  B   n  B  A    B  C  

 n  B    n  B  A   n  B  C   n  B  A    B  C  

 n  B   n  B  A  n  B  C   n  A  B  C 
 2000  500  300  200  1400
38. The number of families which buy none of A, B and C  n A  B  C
1 1 1
 
 n  A  B  C  
1

 
 n U   n  A  B  C 

 n U    n  A   n  B   n  C   n  A  B   n  B  C   n  A  C   n  A  B  C  

 n U   n  A   n  B   n  C   n  A  B   n  B  C   n  A  C   n  A  B  C 
 10, 000  4000  2000  1000  500  300  400  200
 4000
39. Given n  S   150, n  A   83, n  B   75, n  A  B   50

 n  A  B   n  A  n  B   n  A  B 
 83  75  50
 108
a)  
n  AC  B C   n A  B  n  S   n  A  B 

 150  108
 42
b) n  A  B   only A

 n  A  n  A  B 
 83  50
 33
c) n  AC  B   n  B  A 

 5 8
 75  50
 25

47 IX Class - Maths
SETS MATHEMATICS

d) n  AB   n  A  B   n  A  B 
 108  50
 58

VERBAL REASONING (KEY)

1) B 2) A 3) A 4) A 5) D

6) A 7) B 8) C 9) C 10) B

11) A 12) A 13) D 14) D 15) A

1. (b): 3
a  1
 b  3
 c  1
 f    e  
3 1
 h  3
 g    j  
1
i

2. (a): 7
U  7
 B  7
 I  7
 P  7
 W  
3. (a): 6
Z  6
 T  6
 N  6
 H  B \

4. (a): 3
a  1
 b  3
 c  1
 f    e  
3 1
 h  3
 g    j  
1
i

5. (d): 8
A :  7
 I  6
 P  5
 V  4
 A  3
 E  H 

6. (a): 3
Z  4
W  3
 S  4
 P  3
 L  4
 I  3
 E   B

7. (b): 2
Y  3
W  4
 T  5
 P  6
 K  7
 E  7
 X    P  
9
 G 
8. (c): The given series may be divided into 2 groups :
I. A, B, C, D, E, F, ?, ? and II. N, O, P, ?
Clearly, the given series consists of two terms of I followed by
one term of II.
The missing terms in I are G and H while the missing term in
II is Q.
9. (c): The given sequence is a combination of two series :
I. Y, T, O and II. B, G, ?
10. (b): The given sequence is a combination of two series :
I. M, O, R, V and II. N, L, I, ?
The pattern in I is : M  2
 O 3 4
 R  V
2
The pattern in II is : N  3
 L  4
 I   E
So, the missing letter is E.
11. (a): The series may be divided into groups as shown :
bed/f?h/j?l
Clearly in the first group, the second and third letters are
respectively

IX Class - Maths 48
MATHEMATICS SETS

three and two steps ahead of the first letter. A similar pattern
would follow in the second and third groups.
12. (a): 1
1 st l et t er : A  B  C   D 
1 1

1
2nd letter : I  1
 J  1
 K    L

13. (d): 3
1st letter : G  4
 J  5
 N  6
 S  7
 Y   F 
4
2nd letter : H  5
 L  6
 Q  7
W  8
 D    L

14. (d): 3
1st letter : D  4
 G  3
 K  4
 N  3
 R   U 
4
2nd letter : F  3
 J  4
 M  3
 Q  4
 T   X 

15. (a): 1
1st letter : P  1
 O  1
 N  1
 M    L
2
2nd letter : M  2
 O  2
 Q  2
 S   U 
1
3rd letter : T  1
 S  1
 R  1
 Q  P

NON-VERBAL REASONING (KEY)

1) 1 2) 1 3) 2 4) 2 5) 3

6) 3

1. (1) : The elements interchange positions in the orders and alternately.

2. (1) : In each step, all the symbols move in the sequence
3 (2) : The symbols move in sequences and alternately. In each step, the
symbol that reaches the encircled position gets replaced by a new
symbol.
4. (2) : The elements move in the sequences and alternately. Also, in each
step, the element that reaches the encircled position, gets replaced
by a new element.
5. (3) : The elements move in the sequences and alternately. Also, in each
step, the element that reaches the encircled position, gets replaced
by a new element.
6. (3) : In one step, all the elements get vertically inverted and interchange
positions in the sequence . In the next step, the elements inter-
change positions in the sequence and the third element gets verti-
cally inverted.

49 IX Class - Maths