1) Name the following changes of state.

cooling
a) gas to liquid ......................................................................................................................................................................

melting
b) solid to liquid .....................................................................................................................................................................

boiling
c) liquid to gas (at the boiling point) .....................................................................................................................................

evaporating
d) liquid to gas (below the boiling point) ..............................................................................................................................

sublimation
e) solid to gas ......................................................................................................................................................................

2) Complete the table to show which state the following substances are in at the temperatures shown.

melting boiling state at state at state at state at state at state at

substance
point (°C) point (°C) –100°C –50°C 0°C 20°C 250°C 2000°C

P 87 205
S S S S L G
Q –40 34
S S L L G G
R 372 634
S S S S S G
S –94 –17
S L G G G G
3) When ethanol is heated it boils at 78°C. Its temperature doesn’t rise while it boils. Explain why the temperature
does not rise even though the ethanol is being heated.

.....................................................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................................................

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4) For each of the following substances, sketch how the temperature would change as it is heated or cooled over
the temperature range shown.

100 Boiling
Propan-1-ol (an alcohol)
heated from 20°C to 100°C
Temperature (ºC)

melting point = –126°C

boiling point = 97°C

20
0
time

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 19-Feb -14 Chemsheets KS3 036

 100
cyclohexane (chewing gum remover)
cooled from 100°C to 0°C boiling

Temperature (ºC)
melting point = 7°C

boiling point = 83°C

0 melting
time

100
octane (it is in petrol)
cooled from 100°C to 0°C Temperature (ºC) boiling

melting point = -95°C

boiling point = 83°C

0
time

100
phenylamine
heated from 20°C to 100°C
Temperature (ºC)

melting point = -6°C

boiling point = 184°C

Zo
0
time

© www.CHEMSHEETS.co.uk 19-Feb -14 Chemsheets KS3 036